Historical Dictionary of United States-Japan ... - Bakumatsu Films

134 • JAPAN–U.S. SECURITY TREATY, REVISION NEGOTIATIONS
23 June 1960. The treaty consists of a preamble and 10 articles. In
comparison with the Japan–U.S. security treaty of 1952, this revised
treaty is different in four major respects. First, the new treaty
does not contain a clause allowing the U.S. armed forces to suppress
large-scale domestic strife and civil disorder. Second, the new
treaty is good for 10 years, and “after the Treaty has been in force
for ten years, either Party may give notice to the other Party of its
intention to terminate the Treaty, in which case the Treaty shall terminate
one year after such notice has been given.” Third, the treaty
contains a specific clause that both the United States and Japan defend
Japan and U.S. armed forces stationed inside Japanese territory:
“Each Party recognizes that an armed attack against either
Party in the territories under the administration of Japan would be
dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act
to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional
provisions and processes.” Fourth, the new treaty has a clause
agreeing that both countries, as equal partners, consult closely:
“The Parties will consult together from time to time regarding the
implementation of this Treaty, and, at the request of either Party,
whenever the security of Japan or international peace and security
in the Far East is threatened. After the end of the Cold War, the
United States and Japan redefined the meaning of the Japan–U.S.
alliance, culminating in the Japan–U.S. Joint Declaration on
Security—Alliance for the 21st Century of 17 April 1996 and the
Guidelines for U.S.–Japan Defense Cooperation concluded on
23 September 1997.
JAPAN–U.S. SECURITY TREATY, REVISION NEGOTIATIONS.
The so-called Vandenberg Resolution of June 1948 stipulates that
when the United States assumes responsibility for the military defense
of another country, it must be based on that country providing for its
self-defense and mutual assistance. Consequently, in the early 1950s,
the United States could not enter into a mutual defense agreement
with Japan because of that country’s lack of self-defense forces. The
Japan–U.S. Security Treaty of 1951 was one-sided in that U.S.
forces stationed in Japan would not assume responsibility for defending
Japan. This is why the United States repeatedly demanded that
Japan increase its self-defense forces after the treaty was signed. At