Historical Dictionary of United States-Japan ... - Bakumatsu Films

JAPAN–U.S. SECURITY TREATY, 1960 • 133
JAPAN–U.S. SECURITY TREATY, 1952. The formal name of this
treaty is the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the
United States of America and Japan. The treaty was signed by the
United States and Japan immediately after the signing of the San
Francisco Peace Treaty on 8 September 1951 and the treaty became
effective along with the Peace Treaty on 28 April 1952. The treaty
stipulates military cooperation between the United States and Japan
in order to maintain security in Japan and peace and stability in Asia.
Tokyo proposed that Washington station its armed forces inside
Japanese territory in order to maintain Japan’s security. The treaty
consists of a preamble and five articles. This treaty was an unequal
treaty because the United States claimed the right to station its armed
forces in Japan, but did not specifically assume any obligation to defend
Japan. Moreover, U.S. armed forces stationed in Japan can provide
“assistance given at the express request of the Japanese Government
to put down large-scale internal riots and disturbances in Japan,
caused through instigation or intervention by an outside power or
powers.” In short, U.S. forces were able to intervene in Japanese domestic
affairs. In addition, the treaty contained the so-called Far East
clause: the U.S. armed forces “may be utilized to contribute to the
maintenance of international peace and security in the Far East . . .
against armed attack from without.” Because the geographical limitation
of the Far East is not specifically defined in the treaty, and dangers
in other areas, such as the Middle East, may cause a security
threat to the Far East, it is virtually impossible for Japan to limit the
behavior of the U.S. armed forces stationed in Japan. Tokyo began to
discuss possible revision of this security treaty under the Ichiro Hatoyama
Cabinet in the 1950s in order to amend these unequal clauses
and turn the treaty into a more equal one. The Nobusuke Kishi Cabinet
implemented treaty revision negotiations in earnest and a new security
treaty was signed on 19 January 1960. See also DEFENSE;
PACIFIC WAR; WORLD WAR II.
JAPAN–U.S. SECURITY TREATY, 1960. The formal name of this
treaty is the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the
United States and Japan. The treaty was signed between the United
States and Japan on 19 January 1960 and it became effective on