Historical Dictionary of United States-Japan ... - Bakumatsu Films

JAPAN–U.S. AGREEMENT ON TRUST ISLAND TERRITORY IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN • 123
ment of goods and services, nontaxable privileges, rights of criminal
and civil trials, foreign exchange controls, defense measures in case
any hostile actions take place within the Japanese territory, and allocation
of fees for military stationing.
As for criminal trials, the United States insisted on jus sanguinis.
Consequently, under the agreement Japan was not allowed to exercise
any jurisdiction over U.S. military officers and soldiers, U.S.
army civilian employees, and related family members stationed or
living in Japan. However, on 29 September 1953, Japan and the
United States amended this agreement to allow Japan to bring criminal
charges against any U.S. officer, soldier, or army civilian employee
arrested for a crime when not undertaking official duties.
JAPAN–U.S. AGREEMENT ON COOPERATION IN RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT IN ENERGY. The Japan–U.S. Agreement
on Cooperation in Research and Development in Energy (now commonly
called the new Japan–U.S. Science and Technology Agreement)
was signed on 2 May 1979. Its aim is to engage in energy research and
development through cooperation or joint ventures based on the principle
of equality and mutual benefit. The agreement deals primarily
with nuclear energy. In implementing plans concerning nuclear fusion,
the Department of Energy (the United States) and the Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry
of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) assume administrative
responsibility. Today, in the nuclear energy field, Japan and the United
States have four major fields of cooperation: general interchange
plans; joint plans (fusion reactor engineering, fusion reactor physics,
etc.); joint research organization for fusion reactor theories; and joint
projects. Because of this agreement, it has become possible for Japan
and the United States to exchange research results with their counterparts,
to promote mutual advancement and provide the necessary environment
for research and development by lending and borrowing
expensive facilities and equipment.
JAPAN–U.S. AGREEMENT ON TRUST ISLAND TERRITORY
IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN (MICRONESIA ARRANGEMENT).
The Japan–U.S. Agreement on Trust Island Territory in the Pacific
Ocean (Micronesia Agreement) was signed in Tokyo on 18 April