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1. Key recommendations 1. A duty anaesthetist must be immediately available for emergency work on the delivery suite 24 hours a day. 2. There must be a nominated consultant in charge of obstetric anaesthesia with time allocated for this role. 3. There should be a clear line of communication from the duty anaesthetist to the supervising consultant at all times. 4. The workload of the obstetric anaesthetist continues to increase. As a basic minimum there must be 12 consultant sessions per week to cover emergency work on delivery suite. 5. Scheduled obstetric anaesthetic activities (e.g. elective caesarean section lists, clinic) require additional consultant sessions over and above the 12 for emergency cover. 6. Women should have antenatal access to evidence based information about the availability and provision of all types of analgesia and anaesthesia. This information should be provided or at least ratified by the department of obstetric anaesthesia. 7. There should be an agreed system whereby the anaesthetist is given sufficient advance notice of all potentially high-risk patients. 8. When a 24-hour epidural service is offered, the time from the anaesthetist’s being informed that a woman is requesting an epidural and ready to receive one until attending the mother should not normally exceed 30 minutes. This period should only exceed one hour in exceptional circumstances. Responses times should be regularly audited and if the above standards are missed frequently, consideration should be given to alteration of staffing arrangements. 9. Provision should be made for those who cover the delivery suite on-call, but do not have regular sessions there, to spend time on the delivery suite in a supernumerary capacity with one of the regular obstetric anaesthetic consultants. 10. There must be separate provision of staffing and resources to enable elective work to run independently of emergency work, in particular to prevent delays to both emergency and elective procedures and provision of analgesia in labour. 11. The person assisting the anaesthetist must have no other conflicting duties, must be trained to a nationally recognised standard and must work regularly and frequently in the obstetric unit. 12. The training undergone by staff and the facilities provided in the maternity recovery unit must be of the same standard as for general recovery, as defined in current, published guidelines. 13. Appropriate facilities should be available for the antenatal and peripartum management of the sick obstetric patient as defined in the document Providing Equity of Critical and Maternity Care for the Critically Ill Pregnant or Recently Pregnant Patient. 2
2. Introduction This is the third version of the joint Association of Great Britain and Ireland/Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association (AAGBI/OAA) guidelines [1, 2]. A major change from the last revision in 2005 is the inclusion of a section on critical care in maternity. This reflects the belated recognition of this increasingly important area of obstetrics [3]. The number of women requiring advanced levels of care is set to increase as the trend towards an older obstetric population with increasing morbidities and levels of obesity shows no sign of abating. As a result, obstetric anaesthetists will continue to be required to take on the role of peripartum physician (paralleling a growing enthusiasm for that of perioperative physician in non-obstetric practice [4]). This will inevitably mean involvement in training of staff caring for high-risk parturients and adoption of management roles to develop and maintain critical care facilities. These guidelines recommend a further increase in the minimum number of weekly anaesthetic consultant sessions to 12 in order to provide delivery suite cover plus further sessions for scheduled work (caesarean section lists/clinic, etc). This arises from three developments. Firstly, recent surveys have confirmed that the workload of obstetric anaesthetists is increasingly onerous and complex [5, 6]. Secondly, the presence of the obstetric consultant on the delivery suite is now mandatory, with the number of hours per week determined by the number of deliveries [7]; this must be reflected in anaesthetic input. Thirdly, the Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts has circulated a draft standard that elective work should be independently staffed in order that it can run uninterrupted by emergencies. This is expected to be adopted as a full standard in due course. On-call rooms are disappearing from many maternity units despite the well-described benefits of enabling periods of proper rest during night-time working [8]. Even when working to a shift-based rota, the most common pattern for trainees, fatigue is more likely to affect performance and thus patient safety at night. Even short periods of sleep can help mitigate these effects and we have therefore recommended that appropriate facilities be made available. Effective teamworking is crucial to maternity care as highlighted in a recent report on safety in maternity services [9]. Obstetric anaesthetists play a pivotal role in the team itself and in delivering training in teamworking. This is reflected in our recommendations for anaesthetic representation on all maternity committees. As noted in the previous version of these guidelines, we realise that our recommendations potentially have major financial and organisational implications. However, they are based on consideration of the safety of the women who deliver in our units and their babies. We have therefore stressed yet again that consideration should be given to amalgamating units that are too small to support the costs of providing these services. 3
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1. Key recommendations<br />
1. A duty anaesthetist must be immediately available for emergency work on the delivery suite<br />
24 hours a day.<br />
2. There must be a nominated consultant in charge of obstetric anaesthesia with time allocated<br />
for this role.<br />
3. There should be a clear line of communication from the duty anaesthetist to the supervising<br />
consultant at all times.<br />
4. The workload of the obstetric anaesthetist continues to increase. As a basic minimum there<br />
must be 12 consultant sessions per week to cover emergency work on delivery suite.<br />
5. Scheduled obstetric anaesthetic activities (e.g. elective caesarean section lists, clinic) require<br />
additional consultant sessions over and above the 12 for emergency cover.<br />
6. Women should have antenatal access to evidence based information about the availability<br />
and provision of all types of analgesia and anaesthesia. This information should be provided<br />
or at least ratified by the department of obstetric anaesthesia.<br />
7. There should be an agreed system whereby the anaesthetist is given sufficient advance<br />
notice of all potentially high-risk patients.<br />
8. When a 24-hour epidural service is offered, the time from the anaesthetist’s being informed<br />
that a woman is requesting an epidural and ready to receive one until attending the mother<br />
should not normally exceed 30 minutes. This period should only exceed one hour in<br />
exceptional circumstances. Responses times should be regularly audited and if the above<br />
standards are missed frequently, consideration should be given to alteration of staffing<br />
arrangements.<br />
9. Provision should be made for those who cover the delivery suite on-call, but do not have<br />
regular sessions there, to spend time on the delivery suite in a supernumerary capacity with<br />
one of the regular obstetric anaesthetic consultants.<br />
10. There must be separate provision of staffing and resources to enable elective work to run<br />
independently of emergency work, in particular to prevent delays to both emergency and<br />
elective procedures and provision of analgesia in labour.<br />
11. The person assisting the anaesthetist must have no other conflicting duties, must be trained<br />
to a nationally recognised standard and must work regularly and frequently in the obstetric<br />
unit.<br />
12. The training undergone by staff and the facilities provided in the maternity recovery unit must<br />
be of the same standard as for general recovery, as defined in current, published guidelines.<br />
13. Appropriate facilities should be available for the antenatal and peripartum management of the<br />
sick obstetric patient as defined in the document Providing Equity of Critical and Maternity<br />
Care for the Critically Ill Pregnant or Recently Pregnant Patient.<br />
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