11.12.2012 Views

multilingual.pdf

multilingual.pdf

multilingual.pdf

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Using the Bookmarks<br />

To jump to a location in a book<br />

• Click a bookmark on the left.<br />

To print a part of the book<br />

• Click the Print button.<br />

• When the Print window opens, type in a range of pages to print.<br />

The page numbers are displayed in the bar at the bottom of the document. In the example below,<br />

“102 of 1382” means that the current page is page 102 in a file of 1382 pages.


A<br />

absolute value/tM´ldac'xat : cMgay´ncMnYnmYyBI<br />

K l'sUn¥enAelIbnÊat'manelxmYy; bg˙ajedaysJÔa ��.<br />

oTahrN— : � �5 � � 5<br />

accuracy/PaB®twm®tUv : PaBd°CitCageKbMputeTArg√as'<br />

…tM´l´nrg√as'Bit®◊kd …tM´l/√ImYy.<br />

acute angle/muM®sYc<br />

: muMEdlmanrg√as'ticCag<br />

90° .<br />

acute triangle/®tIekaN®sYc : ®tIekaNmYyEdlman<br />

rg√a s'mu<br />

MticCag 90° .<br />

addend/karbUk : cMnYnmYybUkbEnΩmeTAelIcMnYnmYy …e®cIn<br />

epßgeT\tedIm∫IØ¥◊nCaplbUk CaoTahrN—enAkñ ¨glMdab'<br />

4 � 6 � 7, 4, 6 nig 7 CakarbUk.<br />

Addition Property of Equality/smPaBkñ¨gviZIbUk<br />

:<br />

viZIbUkbg˙ajza ebI/ñkbUkcMnYndUcKñaeTAnwg/gapplesmIkarTaMg<br />

sgxag enaHsmIkarzµ InigmancMeLIydUcKña.<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/kenßamplbUk´n<br />

cMnYn/viCÇman : viZIbUkbg˙ajzaplbUl´ncMnYnmYyeTAnigcMnYn<br />

pʨ<br />

yrbs'vaesµ InigsUn¥ .<br />

oTahrN— : 12 � (�12) � 0<br />

additive inverse/cMnYn/viCÇman : PaBpʨy´ncMnYnmYy.<br />

oTahrN— : cMnYn/viCÇman´n 6 KW �6<br />

adjacent angles/muMCab'<br />

:<br />

muMenAkñ¨gb¬g'EtmYyEdlman<br />

kMBUlrYm nig®CugCab'Kña<br />

algebraic expression/kenßamBiCKNit : kenßamEdl<br />

man/ezrmYyy"agtic.<br />

oTahrN— : x � 8, 4(m � b)<br />

algebraic inequality/kenßamvismIkar : vismIkar<br />

Edlman/ezrmYyy"agtic.<br />

oTahrN— : x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/<br />

muMq¬as'e®kA<br />

: mu MBIrekIteLIgedayxñat'<br />

mYynigbnÊat'BIr; muMBIrCamuMq¬as'e®kA<br />

enAkñ ¨gd¥a®kamKWmu M �a nigmuM<br />

�d<br />

nigmuM<br />

�b nigmuM<br />

�c .<br />

a<br />

b<br />

c d<br />

a b<br />

M M<br />

M M<br />

M<br />

M<br />

alternate interior<br />

angles/ muMq¬as'kñ¨g<br />

:<br />

r s<br />

mu MBIrekIteLIgedayxñat'<br />

mYynigbnÊat'BIr; muMBICamuMq¬as'<br />

kñ¨genAkñ<br />

¨gd¥a®kamKWmu �r nigmu<br />

�v nigmu �s nigmu �t .<br />

t v<br />

altitude/kMBs' : cMgaybnÊat'EkgmYyecjBImuMkMBUlrbs'<br />

BhuekaNkat'elIbnÊat'Ca◊t(…bnÊat'enAelI◊tenaH) .<br />

angle/mu : kn¬HbnÊat'BIrEdlecjBIKl'rYmEtmYyEdlehAza<br />

kMBUl<br />

angle bisector/kn¬HbnÊat'BuHmu :<br />

bnÊat'mYy kn¬HbnÊat' …kaMEdlBuH<br />

EckmuMmYyإeTACamuMBIrb"<br />

unKña<br />

N<br />

P<br />

O<br />

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)/<br />

muM®CugmuM<br />

: ®Tws∂ImYyEdlEcgza<br />

ebImuMBIr<br />

nig®CugmYy®tYtsIuKñarbs'®tIekaNmYyeT\tva<br />

b" unKñaeTAnwgmuMBIrnwgmuM®tYtsIuKña´n®tIekaNmYyeT\t<br />

eBlenaH<br />

®tIekaNenaHCa®tIekaN®tYtsIuKña<br />

b" unKña .<br />

arc/ZñË<br />

: Epñkkg'´nrg√g' EdlmaneQµaHedaycugsgxagrbs'va<br />

area/´pÊ : cMnYnGktakaersMrab'®KbelI®kLa´pÊTaMgmUl .<br />

arithmetic sequence/lMdab'BiCKNit : lMdab'er\g´n<br />

cMnYnEdlPaBpʨyKñarvagcMnYnt@KñaKWEtgEtdUcKñaCanicç<br />

.<br />

Associative Property/lk≈N:p∂¨M<br />

viZIbUk : ®bmaNviZIEdlbg˙ajza®Kb'cMnYnrWuLaTib<br />

a, b, nig c,<br />

cMnYnplbUkrbs'vaEtgEtdUcKñaCanicçeTaHbICaeKer\b<br />

p∂ Mvareb\bNak°eday ¨<br />

:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

viZIKuN : ®bmaNviZIEdlbg˙ajza®Kb'cMnYnrW uLaTib a, b,<br />

nig c, cMnYnplKuNrbs'vaEtgEtdUcKñaCanicçeTaHbICaeKer\b<br />

vap∂¨Mreb\bNak°eday<br />

:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

asymmetry//sb∫maN : PaBmindUcKñaenAelI®CugTaMg<br />

sgxag´nbnÊatkN∂al . Kµansb∫maN .<br />

average/mZ¥m : plbUlcMnYn´nTinñ‡yrYcEckedaycMnYnrbs'<br />

EdlmanenAkñ¨gTinñn‡yTaMgenaH;<br />

…ehAm"¥ageT\tzaCamZ¥m<br />

sΩiti<br />

.<br />

average deviation/KMlatmZ¥m : cMgay´nt´m¬Tinñn‡y<br />

BImZ¥msΩiti<br />

.<br />

axes//‡kß : bnÊat'EkgKñaBIrenAelIb¬g'kU/redaenEdlCYbKña<br />

enAelIcMNucedIm .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

M


B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/xñgTl'xñg´n<br />

cMNucKMnUsmYyecjeTATispʨ<br />

yKña : xñgTl'xñg´ncMNuc<br />

KMnUsmYyecjeTATisedApÊ ¨yKñaEdle®b\beZ\b eTAnwgQut<br />

Tinñn‡yBIrEdllMdab'bg˙ajsMNuMTinñn‡ymYyenAxageq√gKMnUs<br />

nigmYyeT\tenAxags∂aM .<br />

bar graph/®kabssr : Ca®kabEdle®bIssrbJŒr<br />

…ssrep∂kedIm∫Ibg˙ajTinñn‡y .<br />

base-10 system/®bB‡nƒelxeKal 10 : ®bB‡nƒelxEdl<br />

cMnYnTaMg/s'®tUv◊nsMKal'edaye®bIxÊg'BI 0–9 .<br />

base (in numeration)/eKal : eBlNacMnYnNamYy<br />

ekIneLIgCas√‡yKuN cMnYnEdle®bICakt†aKuN´ncMnYneKal .<br />

oTahrN— : 3 5 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/◊t (rbs'BhuekaN …rUbPaBragbI®Cug) :<br />

®Cugrbs'BhuekaN; ®Cug´nragbI®Cug®tUv◊nvas'Evg …<br />

eZ√IcMNat'zñak' .<br />

biased sample/KMrUlMe/\g : KMrUtagEdlmintMNagإ<br />

bN∂a/√ImYymin®twm®tUv .<br />

binary number system/®bB‡nƒelxeT√PaK : ®bB‡nƒ<br />

elxEdlcMnYnnimYy@®tUv◊nbJÇak'edayelxBIrxÊg' 0 nig 1 .<br />

binomial/eT√Za : BhuZaEdlmanBIr/JÔat .<br />

oTahrN— : 10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/BuHkat'CaBIr : BuHEckCaBIEpñkb" un@Kña .<br />

boundary line/bnÊat'®BMEdnkMNt' : sMNuMcMNucEdl<br />

®CugBIr´nsmIkarbnÊat'BIr/JÔatesµ IKña .<br />

box-and-whisker plot/®b/b'nigPaKbnÊat' : ®kabEdl<br />

bg˙ajctuPaKxıs'bMput nigctuPaKTabbMput´nTinñn‡ydUcCa<br />

bnÊat'duHecj . ctuPaKkN∂al BIrKWCa®b/b'nwgemd¥an .<br />

break (graph)/dkX¬a …minbg˙aj®kab : KMnUsbnÊat'cuH<br />

eLIg´nkMritbnÊat'ep∂k …bnÊat'bJŒr´n®kabEdlbJÇak'zacMnYn<br />

enAkñ ¨gkMrit®tUveKbMeP¬cecal .<br />

C<br />

capacity/cMNuH : cMnYnEdlrbs'/acpʨkkñ¨gkMb"<br />

ugmYy<br />

Celsius//gßaEslsflus<br />

: rg√as'e®bIsMrab'vas'sItuN˙a<br />

PaBEdlkMrit 0°C KWCacMNuckk´nTwk nigkMrit 100°C<br />

CacMNucBuH´nTwk …ehAm"¥ageT\tza centigrade<br />

(sg'TI®kat) .<br />

center (of a circle)/pçitrg√g<br />

': cMNucenAkñ¨<br />

grg√g' Edl<br />

mancMgayesµ IKñaBI®Kb'cMNucTaMg/s'enAelIrg√g'.<br />

center (of dilation)/pçit<br />

(bn¬ayBI) : cMNuc´nbnÊat'<br />

kat'KñaBImuMTaMg/s'<br />

elIbnÊat'bn¬ay .<br />

center (of rotation)/pçit<br />

(rt'CuMvij)<br />

: cMNucmYyEdl<br />

KMnUsrt'CuMvijva<br />

.<br />

central angle/muMpçit<br />

: muMEdlmankMBUlrbs'vaenAelIpçit<br />

rbs'rg√g' .<br />

certain (probability)/®◊kd (®bU◊bflIlIet)<br />

: ®◊kdCa<br />

ekIteLIg man®bU◊bflIlIet<br />

1<br />

chord//g˚t'ZñË<br />

: KWCaExßbnÊat'EdlKl'enAelIrg√g'.<br />

circle/rg√g' : TItaMg´ncMNucTaMg/s'<br />

C<br />

enAelIb¬g'mYyEdlmancMgayesµ IKñaBI<br />

cMNucmYyEdlehAzapçit<br />

.<br />

circle graph/®kabrg√g' : ®kabEdle®bIEpñkmYy´nrg√g'<br />

edIm∫Ie®b\beZ\bEpñkmYyeTArg√g' TaMgmUl …EpñkmYyeTAEpñk<br />

mYyeT\t .<br />

circumference/brima®trg√g' : cMgayB‡TƒCMuvijrg√g'mYy<br />

.<br />

clockwise/clnatam<br />

beN∂ayTws®TnicnaLika :<br />

clnavilCuMvijeTAxags∂aM´n<br />

Tis◊nbg˙aj .<br />

clustering/bN∂¨ mZ¥m M : reb\be®bIedIm∫I◊"n'®bmaNcMnYn<br />

srubkalNaviZIbUkTaMg/s'mancMnYnCittM´ldUcKña .<br />

oTahrN— : 27, 29, 24 nig 26 bN∂¨<br />

MmZ¥m®bEhl 25 .<br />

coefficient/emKuN : cMnYnEdlKuNeday/ezrenA<br />

kñ¨gkenßamBiCKNit<br />

.<br />

oTahrN— : 5 CaemKuNrbs' 5b .<br />

combination/laybJçËlKña<br />

: kardak'vt٨<br />

…cMnYn<br />

layLMKñaedayminKitBIlMdab'er\g .<br />

commission/kM´reCIgsar : ´z¬QñÁlbg'eTAØ¥CnNa<br />

mñak'sMrab'karlk'dUr/√ImYy .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 2 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


commission rate//®ta´nkM´reCIgsar : ´z¬QñÁlbg'<br />

eTAØ¥CnNamñak'sMrab'karlk'dUr/√ImYyedayKittamPaKry<br />

´ntM´l◊nlk' .<br />

common denominator/PaKEbgrYm : ®bPaKmYy<br />

…e®cInEdlmanPaKEbgdUcKña .<br />

oTahrN— : PaKEbgrYm´n®bPaK 5 – 8 nig 2 – 8 KW 8 .<br />

common difference/PaBpʨyrYm<br />

: PaBpʨy<br />

KñarvagcMnYnBIrt@KñaenAkñ ¨glMdab'BiCKNit .<br />

common factor/kt†aKuNrYm : cMnYnmYyEdlCakt†a<br />

KuNsMrab'cMnYnBIreT\t …e®cIn .<br />

oTahrN— : 8 KWCakt†aKuN´n 16 nig 40 .<br />

common multiple/tYKuNrYm : cMnYnmYyEdlCaplKuN<br />

´ncMnYnmYyeT\t …e®cIn .<br />

oTahrN— : 15 CaplKuNrYm´n 3 nig 5 .<br />

common ratio//nu◊trYm : /nu◊tEdlcMnYnnimYy@®tUv<br />

KuNedIm∫Ibeg˚ItcMnYnbnÊab'kñ¨glMdab'ZrNIma®t<br />

Commutative Property/lk≈N®tLb'<br />

viZIbUk : ®bmaNviZIEdlbg˙ajzacMnYnmYy …BIr/acbUkbJçËl<br />

Kñatamreb\bNak°edayminmandUrplbUkeT<br />

oTahrN— : 8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

viZIbUk : ®bmaNviZIEdlbg˙ajzacMnYnmYy …BIr/acKuN<br />

CamYyKñatamreb\bNak°edayminmandUrlTƒpleT<br />

oTahrN— : 6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a<br />

compatible numbers/cMnYn®bdUc : cMnYnEdlman<br />

tM´lCiteTAnwgcMnYnp∂l'Ø¥EdlsMrab'eZ√I Ø¥kar◊"n'sµan<br />

…Kitmat'TeTgay®sYl .<br />

compensation/cMnYnpßM : kalNacMnYnmYyenAkñ¨g<br />

cMeNaTKWCiteTAnwgcMnYnmYyeT\tEdlgayKitCamYy CacMnYn<br />

gaybMput®tUve®bIsMrab'rkcMeLIy . rYcmkcMeLIy®tUvtMrUv<br />

edaykarbUkcMnYnenaH …dkecjBIcMnYnenaH .<br />

complementary angles/muMbMeBj<br />

: mu MBIrEdlman<br />

rg√as'plbUkesµ Inwg 90°<br />

composite number/cMnYnminbfm : cMnYnmYyEdlZM<br />

Cag 1 ehIyEdlmankt†aKuNcMnYnKt'elIsBIcMnYnBIr .<br />

compound event/smascMnYn : cMnYnmYyEdlekIt<br />

eLIgedaycMnYngayBIr …e®cIn .<br />

compound inequality/vismIkarsmas : karbJçËl<br />

Kña´nvismIkarelIsBImYy .<br />

oTahrN— : x � �2 … x � 10, … �2 � x � 10 .<br />

x KWZMCag …esµ Inwg �2 ehIyticCag 10 .<br />

compound interest/kar®◊k'bEnΩm : kar®◊k'rk◊n<br />

…®tUv◊nTTYleday®◊k'edIm nig®◊k'rk◊nBI/tIt<br />

…kar®◊k'bg'Ø¥<br />

concave polygon/BhuekaNpt : BhuekaNmYyEdl<br />

manmuMkñ¨gmYyy"agehacNas'manrg√as'elIsZMCag<br />

180°<br />

cone/ekan, saCI : ragEdlman®CugbImankMBUlmYy<br />

ehIynig◊tmUlmYy<br />

congruent/®tYtsIuKña,<br />

b" unKña : manragTMhM nigragb" unKña<br />

congruent angles/muMb"<br />

unKña : muMEdlmanrg√as'b"<br />

unKña<br />

congruent segments//g˚t'®bEvgb" unKña : /g˚t'Edl<br />

man®bEvgb" unKña<br />

constant/cMnYnezr : tM´lEdlminE®b®bYl<br />

constant of proportionality/smama®t´ncMnYnezr :<br />

/nu◊tezrrbs'/ezrBIrEdlmansmama®t .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 = k, 10 = 2k nig 15 = 3k<br />

convenience sample/KMrUgay®sYl : kareZ√IKMrU ´n<br />

rbs'EdlmangayenAkñ¨gbN∂avtΩ¨nanaedIm∫ITTYl<br />

lTƒplrh‡sP¬am@<br />

conversion factor/kt†ab®Jças' : ®bPaKEdlmanPaKyk<br />

nigPaKEbgtMNagØ¥KuNPaBdUcKña b" uEn†e®bI/®taxusKña<br />

®bePaKenaHKWesµ I nig 1 BIe®BaH PaKyk nigPaKEbgesµ IKña .<br />

24 em"ag 1 ´z©<br />

oTahrN— : nig<br />

1 ´z©<br />

24 em"ag<br />

convex polygon/BhuekaNly : BhuekaNmYy<br />

EdlmanmuMkñ¨gTaMg/s'manTMhMticCag<br />

…esµ Inig 180°<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 3 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


coordinate plane (coordinate grid)/b¬g'kU/redaen :<br />

Cab¬g'EdlekIteLIgedaycMNuc®bsB√´nbnÊat'ep∂keQµaH/‡kß<br />

x-axis nigbnÊat'bJŒreQµaH /‡kß y-axis .<br />

coordinate/kU/redaen : cMNucrYmmYy´ncMNucmYyKU<br />

EdlCYbKñaenAelI®kabkU/redaen .<br />

correlation/TMnak'TmngTinñn‡y : kar/Zib¥ay´nTMnak'<br />

TMngrvagcMnYnTinñn‡yBIr .<br />

correspondence/®tUvKña : TMnak'TMngrvagvtΩ¨BIr<br />

…e®cInEdldUcKña .<br />

M M<br />

M M M M<br />

corresponding angles<br />

(for lines)/muMkñ¨gbnÊat'®tUvKña<br />

(sMrab'bnÊat') : mu MBIrEdl<br />

ekIteLIgedaybnÊat'kat'TTwg<br />

mYynigbnÊat'BirepßgKña : enA<br />

s<br />

q<br />

t<br />

r<br />

kñ¨gd¥a®kam<br />

muMBIr®tUvKña<br />

KWman mu �m nigmu �q,<br />

�n nigmu �r, �o nigmu �s, nigmu �p nigmu �t .<br />

corresponding angles (in polygons)/muM®tUvKña<br />

(kñ¨gBhuekaN)<br />

: mu Me®cIndUcKñarbs'BhuekaNBIr …e®cIn .<br />

corresponding sides/®Cug®tUvKña : ®Cuge®cIndUcKña<br />

rbs'BhuekaNBIr …e®cIn .<br />

cosine (cos)/kUsIunus<br />

: enAkñ ¨g®tIekaNEkgmYy<br />

/nu◊t´n®bEvg®CugCab'nwgmuM®sYceTAnwg®bEvg/Iub"<br />

Uetnus .<br />

counterclockwise/<br />

clnab®Jças'TisnaLika :<br />

clnavileTAxageq√g´nTis<br />

edAbg˙aj .<br />

counterexample/oTahrN—®bqaMg : oTahrN—<br />

Edlbg˙ajza/√ImYyxus .<br />

cross product/TMhMsmama®t : TMhMsmama®t´n<br />

cMnYnmYybeJÇ\gKñakalNapleZ\bTaMg/s'®tUvesµ IKña .<br />

oTahrN— : 2 – 3 � 4 – 6<br />

2<br />

3 � � 6 4 � � 12<br />

12<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

cube (geometric figure)/<br />

KUb (ragkñ ¨gZrNIma®t) :<br />

®BisragctuekaNEkgEdl<br />

manmux®◊MmYykaeresµ IKña<br />

cube (in numeration)/KUb (kñ¨gcMnYn)<br />

: cMnYnEdl<br />

ekIneLIgdl'bIs√‡yKuN .<br />

cumulative frequency/plbUke®bkg' : plbUk<br />

cMnYnTinñn‡ybn†bnÊab' .<br />

customary system of measurement/®bB‡nƒ<br />

rg√as'rg√al'Zmµta : ®bB‡nƒrg√as'rg√al'EdlCajwkjab'e®bI<br />

enAkñ¨<br />

gshrdÛ/aemrik .<br />

oTahrN— : /Iuj<br />

h√I t m"ay e/anß epanß etan EBg k√atß<br />

happleaL¨g .<br />

cylinder/sIuLaMg<br />

: rUbEdlmanragbI®Cug<br />

man◊tBIr®sb b" unKñaEdlPÇab'<br />

eday®Tnugekag .<br />

D<br />

decagon/Tsekan : BhuekanEdlmandb'®Cug .<br />

decimal system/®bB‡nƒelxTsßPaK : ®bB‡nƒ´ntM´lcMnYn<br />

eKal 10 (base-10)<br />

deductive reasoning//numan : kare®bIPaBsmehtu<br />

pledIm∫Ibg˙ajnUv/√ImYyzaBit .<br />

degree/dWe®k /gßa : /®targ√as'sMrab'muM<br />

…sItuN˙PaB .<br />

denominator/PaKEbg : elxenAxage®kam®bPaKmYy<br />

Edl®◊b'cMnYnEpñkesµ IenAkñ¨gcMnYnTaMg/s'<br />

.<br />

oTahrN— : 3 – 4 PaKEbg<br />

Density property of real numbers/<br />

bN∂¨ ´ntM´lcMnYnrW M uLaTIb : /√I EdlEcgzaenAcen¬aH<br />

cMnYnrWuLaTIbBIr<br />

KWEtgEtmancMnYnrW uLaTIbmYyepßgeT\t .<br />

dependent events/cMnYnbEg÷k : cMnYnEdlmanlTƒpl<br />

´ncMnYnTImYyb"HBal'dl'lTƒpl´ncMnYnTIBIr .<br />

diagonal/viCŒekaN : bnÊat'kat'mYyEdlPÇab'muMTl'kMBUl<br />

BIrEdlminCab'Kñarbs'BhuekaNmYy<br />

diameter//g˚t'pçit,<br />

bnÊat'pçit<br />

: kn¬HbnÊat'Edlrt'kat'<br />

tampçit´nrg√g'<br />

ehIymancMNuccugenAelIrg√g' …Ca®bEvg´n<br />

kn¬HbnÊat'enaH .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 4 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


difference/pldk : lTƒpl´ncMnYnmYydkecjBIcMnYnmYy<br />

eT\t .<br />

dilation/rIk …rYm : karp¬as'b∂ Ër®Tg'®TayEdleZ√I Ø¥rUbZM<br />

…eZ√I Ø¥rUbtUc .<br />

dimension/®bEvg®Cug : ®bEvgbeN∂ay TTwg …kMBs'´n<br />

rag/√ImYy .<br />

direct variation/KMlatesµ IKña : TMnak'TMngrvag/ezr<br />

BIrEdlTinñn‡yekIneLIg …zycuHCamYyKñatam/®taezr .<br />

discount/bJç¨<br />

HtM´l : cMnYnEdl®tUv◊nbnΩyBItM´ledIm .<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/lk≈NbMEbk´nviZIKuN elIviZIbUk : cMnYnEdl<br />

bg˙ajzaebI/ñkKuNplbUkmYyedaycMnYnmYy /ñknwg◊n<br />

TTYllTƒpldUcKña ebI/ñkuNplbUknimYy@edaycMnYnenaH<br />

rYcehIybUklTƒplEdleXIj .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) � (5 � 1)<br />

(G6: Distributive Property/Etkñ¨glk≈NbMEbk)<br />

dividend/tMNagEck : cMnYnEdl®tUvEckenAkñ ¨g<br />

bJ˙acMeNaT<br />

oTahrN— : enAkñ ¨g 8 � 4 � 2, 8 CatMNagEck .<br />

divisible/cMnYnEckdac' : /acEck◊nCamYycMnYnNamYy<br />

edayKµansMNl' .<br />

Division Property of Equality/lk≈NEck<br />

smPaB : smIkarEdlman/gappleTaMgsgxagEckCamYycMnYn<br />

EdlminEmnsUn¥dUcKña ehIy◊nsmIkarmYyzµ I Edlman<br />

cMeLIydUcKña .<br />

divisor/tYEck : cMnYnEdl/ñk®tUvEckCamYy enAkñ ¨g<br />

cMeNatEckelx<br />

oTahrN— : enAkñ ¨g 8 � 4 � 2, 4 CatYEck .<br />

dodecahedron/T√aTsBhuekaN : BhuekaNEdlman<br />

12 ®Cug .<br />

domain/EdnkMNt'´n/nuKmn— : ®Kb'tM´lTaMg/s'Edl<br />

/acmanenAkñ¨g/nuKmn—mYy<br />

.<br />

double-bar graph/®kabssreP¬aH :<br />

®kabssrEdle®b\beZ\bTinñn‡yBIrTak'TgKña .<br />

double-line graph/®kabExßeP¬aH :<br />

®kabEdlbg˙ajTinñn‡yBIrTak'TgKñaE®b®bYlCanicç .<br />

E<br />

edge/EKm ham : ExßbnÊat'<br />

EKm<br />

beN∂ay®TnugBIrEdlCYbKña<br />

ham<br />

kñ ¨gBhuekaN®Cuge®cIn<br />

elements/Zatu : Bak¥ cMnYn …rbs'epßg@enAkñ ¨gsMNu M/√ImYy .<br />

empirical probability/pßg, CMerIssµan : /an<br />

experimental probability (®bU◊bflIlIetBiesaZn—)<br />

.<br />

empty set/sMNu MTeT : sMNu MmYyEdlKµanZatuenAkñ ¨genaH .<br />

endpoint/Kl'rYm : cMNucEdlenAcugbnÊat' …kaMmYy .<br />

enlargement/karB®gIk : kMeNIn´nTMhMsmama®trbs'<br />

rag/√ImYy .<br />

equally likely outcomes/ lTƒplmanPaB®bhak'<br />

®bEhlKña : lTƒpl/√ImYyEdlman®bU◊bflIlIetdUcKña<br />

.<br />

equation/smIkar : kñ¨gBiCKNitEdlbg˙aj/gappleBIr<br />

mancMnYnesµ IKña .<br />

equilateral triangle/®tIekaNsm‡gß : ®tIekaNmYy<br />

Edlman®CugbIb" unKña<br />

equivalent/tM´lesµ IKña : rbs'EdlmantM´lesµ IKña .<br />

equivalent fractions/®bPaKesµ IKña : ®bPaKEdl<br />

mancMnYn …PaKdUcKña .<br />

equivalent ratios//nu◊tesµ IKña : /nu◊tEdlmaneQµaH<br />

kare®b\beZ\bdUcKña .<br />

estimate/◊"n'sµan : cMeLIyEdlCitdUccMeLIy®tUvBit®◊kd<br />

ehIyEdlrkeXIjedaykarbgapplet' bN∂ ¨MmZ¥m<br />

e®bIxÊg'edImnigcug<br />

cMnYne®b\beZ\b…reb\bepßgeT\t edIm∫IrkcMeLIyenaH .<br />

evaluate/vaytM´l : rktM´lenAkñ ¨gcMnYnelx<br />

…kenßamBiCKNit .<br />

even number/cMnYnKt'KU : cMnYnKt'Edl/acEckdac'nwgBIr .<br />

event/cMnYn, krNI : lTƒpl/√ImYy …sMNuMlTƒpl´n<br />

®bmaNviZI …sΩankarN— .<br />

expanded form/TMrg'B®gay : cMnYnsresrCaplbUk<br />

tamxÊg'rbs'vat@Kña .<br />

oTahrN— : 236,536 sresrCaTMrg'B®gayKW<br />

200,000 � 30,000 � 6,000 � 500 �<br />

30 � 6 .<br />

experiment (probability)/karsakl∫g<br />

(®bU◊bflIlIet)<br />

: enAkñ¨g®b◊bflIlIet<br />

skmµPaB/√ImYyEdl<br />

sM/agelIkarpßge®Bg (dUcCae◊Hkak'CaedIm) .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 5 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


experimental probability/®bU◊bflIlIetBiesaZn—<br />

:<br />

/nu◊t´ncMnYn ´neBlrbs'krNI/√ImYyEdlekIteLIgdl'<br />

kMritsrub´nkarl∫g …eBlEdlskmµPaB®tUveZ√I eLIg .<br />

exponent/niTsßn† : cMnYnEdlbg˙ajzaetIcMnYn<br />

eKalb" unµandg®tUv◊ne®bICakt†a .<br />

oTahrN— : 2 3 = 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; 3 CaniTsßn† .<br />

exponential decay/niTsßn†zycMnYn : ekIteLIgenAkñ¨g<br />

/nuKmn—niTsßn†enAeBlEdlpl´n f(x) TTYlkan'EtticCag<br />

d°rabNatM´ldak' x kan'EtZMCag .<br />

exponential form/TMrg's√‡yKuN<br />

: cMnYnmYyman<br />

TMrg's√‡yKuNkalNaeKsresrCamYycMnYneKal<br />

nigniTsßn†rbs'va .<br />

oTahrN— : 4 2 CaTMrg's√‡yKuNrbs' 4 � 4 .<br />

exponential function//nuKmn—bnÊat' : bnÊat'®tg'<br />

/nuKmn—Edlman/ezrCaniTsßn† .<br />

exponential growth//nuKmn—ekIn : ekIteLIgenA<br />

kñ¨g/nuKmn—bnÊat'kalNatM´l´n<br />

f(x) mancMnYnZMeLIg<br />

ehIytM´l´n x k°mancMnYnZMeLIgEdr .<br />

expression/kenßambJ˙a : X¬aenAkñ¨gcMeNaTEdl<br />

manka®btibt† i cMnYn nig¿…/ezr .<br />

extrapolation/karsµanbEg÷k : kar◊"n'sµan …karTay<br />

nUvtM´lEdlminsappleal' edaysM/agelItM´lEdldwg .<br />

F<br />

face/◊t : ´pÊrab´nragEdlman®Cuge®cIn .<br />

factor/kt†a : cMnYnEdlKuNnwgcMnYnmYyeT\tedIm∫IØ¥<br />

◊nplitplmYy .<br />

factor tree/kt†abMEbk : KMnUsd¥a®kambg˙ajnUv<br />

reb\bcMnYnKtmYybMEbkeTACakt†abfmCae®cIneT\t .<br />

factorial/lMdab'KuNkt†a : plKuNcMnYnKt'TaMg/s'elIk<br />

ElgEtcMnYnsUn¥EdlCacMnYnticCag …esµ InwgcMnYnmYy .<br />

oTahrN— : lMdab'KuNkt†a 4 � 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1<br />

0! KW®tUvØ¥niymn‡yCacMnYn 1 .<br />

Fahrenheit/h√arin´h : kMritsItuN˙PaBEdlmankMrit<br />

32°F KWCacMNuckk´nTwk nig 212°F KWCacMNucBuH´nTwk .<br />

fair/®twm®tUv : kalNalTƒpl´nkarBiesaZn—/√ImYyEdl<br />

mansPaBesµ IKña karBiesaZn—enaH◊ncat'Tukza®twm®tUv .<br />

fair games/El∫g®twm®tUv : El∫gEdl/ñkelgTaMg<br />

/s'/acmanlTƒPaBQñH◊n .<br />

favorable outcome/lTƒpleBjcit† : lTƒpl<br />

Edl/ñkrMBwgcg'◊neBlNaeZ√I karBiesaZn—/√ImYy .<br />

Fibonacci sequence/lMdab'elxh√IbUNaCI<br />

:<br />

lMdab'cMnYn/nn†PaB (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,…);<br />

cab'ep∂ImBIxÊg'TIbÍ<br />

ncMnYnnImYy@KWCaplbUk´ncMnYnBIrBImun;<br />

®tUvØ¥eQµaHtam/ñkKNitviT¥akalBIstvtßn—Tidb'bImñak'eQµaH<br />

eL/UNadU h√IbUNaCI .<br />

first differences/lMdab'plsgxÊg'mun : lMdab'elx<br />

EdlekIteLIgBIkardkedayelxbnÊab'®Kb'xÊg' .<br />

first quartile/ctuPaKxÊg'mun : CamId¥an´nBak'kN∂al<br />

bnÊat'rbs'cMnYntUc´nsMNuMTinñn‡y;<br />

m"¥ageT\tehA lower<br />

quartile (ctuPaKxÊg'tUc) .<br />

formula/rUbmn† : c∫ab'bg˙ajBITMnak'TMng<br />

kñ¨gcMeNambrimaN<br />

.<br />

oTahrN— : A � lw<br />

fractal/®semalZrNIma®t : T®mg'EdlmanlMdab'<br />

dEdl@manragdUcCarbs'TaMgmUl b" uEn†tamBitKWman<br />

TMhMxusKñaTaMg®sug .<br />

fraction/®bPaK: cMnYnEdlmanT®mg' Ca a – b , Edl b � 0<br />

frequency table/tarage®bkg' : taragEdlman<br />

raycMnYnCamYyKñaedayeyaleTAtamcMnYneBl<br />

…e®bkg'sIuEdlcMnYnenaHekIteLIg<br />

.<br />

front-end estimation/kar◊"n'®bmaNxÊg'edIm nigcug :<br />

becçkeTseZ√I kar◊"n'®bmaNEdlxÊg'edIm´ncMnYnbEnΩm®tUv<br />

◊nbUkbJçËlrYcehIycMnYnsrub<br />

®tUv◊n´lsMrYlsMrab'<br />

kar◊"n'®bmaNØ¥◊nCit .<br />

function//nuKmn— : TMnak'TMngtM´ldak'nigpl<br />

EdlTTYlplEtmYyKt'sMrab'tM´ldak'nimYy@ .<br />

function notation/sJÔaN/nuKmn— : sJÔaNEdl<br />

e®bIsMrab'/Zib∫ayBMBI/nuKmn— .<br />

oTahrN— : y � 3x 2 f(x) � 3x 2 ; f(x) KW/anza<br />

“f of x.”<br />

function table/tarag/nuKmn— : tarag´nlMdab'KU<br />

EdlCatMNag´ndMeNaH®sayrbs'/nuKmn— .<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle/<br />

mUldÛanr◊b'cMnYn : ebIkrNImYymancMnYn m CaTMngCa<br />

lTƒpl ehIykrNITIBIrman n TMngCalTƒplbnÊab'BIkrNI<br />

TimYy◊nekItehIy eBlenaHmant´l m � n CalTƒpl<br />

srub´nkrNITaMgBIr .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 6 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


G<br />

geometric probability/ lk≈N®bU◊bflIlIet´n<br />

ZrNIma®t : lk≈N®bU◊bflIlIetmYyEdlsM/agelIkar<br />

e®b\beZ\b´nragZrNIma®t .<br />

geometric sequence/lMdab'´nZrNIma®t :<br />

lMdab'bJÇIraycMnYnEdlman/nu◊trYmrvagcMnYnt@Kña<br />

.<br />

Golden Ratio//nu◊tmas : /nu◊tEdlmantM´l®b<br />

Ehlesµ Inwg 1.618 . enAkñ¨g®tIekaNmas<br />

/nu◊t´n<br />

beN∂ay eTAnwgTTWgKW®bEhl 1.618 .<br />

graph of an equation/®kab´nsmIkar :<br />

®kab´ncMnYnlMdab'KUEdlCadMeNaH®sayrbs'smIkar .<br />

great circle/rg√g'ZM : rg√g' enAkñ¨gEs√flmYyEdlkñ¨genaH<br />

b¬g'manrg√g'q¬ gkat'tamcMNuckN∂al´nEs√fl.<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/kt†arYmZMbMput :<br />

kt†arYmZMbMputrbs'cMnYnEdlØ¥BIr …e®cIn .<br />

H<br />

height/kMBs'<br />

enAkñ ¨gBIr"amIt …ekancMgayEkgBI◊teTAkan'kMBUlpÊ ¨yKña<br />

enAkñ ¨g®tIekaN …ctuekaN cMgayEkgBI◊teTAkMBUlpʨyKña<br />

…®Cug<br />

enAkñ ¨g®Bis …sIuLaMg<br />

cMgayEkgrvag◊t<br />

hemisphere//DÏEs√fl<br />

: kn¬HEs√fl<br />

heptagon/st†ekaN : BhuekaNman®◊MBIr®Cug<br />

hexagon/qekaN : BhuekaNman®◊MmYy®Cug<br />

histogram//Ius†<br />

Ë®kam : ®kabssrEdlbg˙aje®b<br />

kg'Tinñn‡yenAkñ¨gcen¬aHesµ<br />

IKña .<br />

horizon line/bnÊat'ep∂k : bnÊat'ep∂kmYyEdltMNagØ¥<br />

®twmkMritEPñkrbs'/ñkemIl .<br />

hypotenuse//Iub"<br />

Uetnus : enAkñ¨g®tIekaNEkgmYy®CugEdl<br />

®bQmnwgmuMEkg<br />

.<br />

icosahedron/®bsB√®Cug´m∏ : rag®bsB√®CugEdlman 20<br />

®Cug .<br />

I<br />

Identity Property of One/lk≈NdUcKña´ncMnYnmYy :<br />

cMnYnEdlbg˙ajzaplitpl´n 1 nigcMnYnNamYyKWCacMnYnenaH .<br />

Identity Property of Zero/lk≈NdUcKña´ncMnYnsUn¥ :<br />

cMnYnEdlbg˙ajzaplbUk´nsUn¥ nigelxNamYyKWCa<br />

cMnYnenaH .<br />

if-then statement/esck∂I Ez¬g ebI -naMØ¥ :<br />

esck∂IEz¬gd°smehtusmplEdle®bI<br />

Bak¥ ebI nig naMØ¥<br />

edIm∫Ibg˙ajTMnak'TMngrvagl‡k≈x‡NˆBIr .<br />

oTahrN— :ebI ®Kb'®Cugrbs'BhuekaNmYyman®bEvgesµ IKña<br />

ehIy®Kb'muMTaMg/s'esµ<br />

IkñaEdr naMØ¥<br />

BhuekaNenaHCaBhuekaNniy‡t .<br />

image/rUbPaB : rUbEdlecjBIbMErbMrYl .<br />

impossible (probability)/KµanlTƒPaB (®bU◊bflIlIet):<br />

/acminmanekIteLIg<br />

improper fraction/®bPaKminsuTƒ : ®bPaKEdl<br />

manPaKykZMCag …esµ InwgPaKEbg .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 –<br />

5 , 5 –<br />

3<br />

independent events/cMnYnGkraC¥ : cMnYnCalTƒ<br />

pl´ncMnYnmYyeT\tminmanb"HBal'dl'®bU◊bflIlIet´n<br />

cMnYnGeT\t .<br />

indirect measurement/rg√as'®beyal : becçkeTs<br />

e®bIreb\bKit®sed\gKña nigsmama®tedIm∫Irkrg√as'mYy .<br />

inductive reasoning/viessanuman :<br />

kare®bIlMnaMEbbbTsMrab'eZ√I esck∂ Isnñ idÛan .<br />

inequality/vismPaB : ®beyaKBiCKNitEdlbg˙aj<br />

TMnak'TMngrvagbrimaNEdlminsmPaBKña .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

input/tM´ldak' : tM´le®bICMnYsenAkñ ¨gkenßam …/nuKmn— .<br />

integers/cMnYnKt'viCÇman nig/viCÇman : sMNuMcMnYnKt'nig<br />

cMnYnpʨyrbs'va<br />

.<br />

interest/kar®◊k' : cMnYn®◊k'EdlCaesahfluysMrab'karxçI<br />

…e®bI®◊k'rbs'eK .<br />

interior angles/muMkñ¨g<br />

:<br />

muMenAEpñkxagkñ¨g´nbnÊat'BIr<br />

Edlkat'edaybnÊat'kat'mYy .<br />

enAkñ¨gd¥a®kam<br />

muM<br />

�c, �d,<br />

�e nigmuM<br />

�f CamuMkñ¨g<br />

.<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

interquartile range/cMgayctuPaK´n´pÊkñ¨g<br />

: PaKepßg<br />

KñarvagctuPaKxagelInwgxage®kam´nsMNuMTinñn‡ymYy<br />

.<br />

intersecting lines/cMNuc®bsB√ : bnÊat'Edlkat'<br />

tamcMNucEtmYyKt' .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 7 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


intersection (sets)/Zatu®bsB√Kña (sMNuM)<br />

: sMNuM´n<br />

ZaturYmrvagBIrsMNuM<br />

…e®cIn .<br />

interval/cen¬aH : lMhrrvagtM´l´ncMnYn◊nKUsenA<br />

elIbnÊat' …kMrit´n®kabmYy .<br />

inverse operations/kar®btibt† ib®Jças :<br />

kar®btibt† iEdleZ√IsareLIgvijer\gx¬ Án@ : viZIbUk nigviZIdk<br />

…viZIKuN nigviZIEck .<br />

inverse variation/KMlatb®Jças' : TMnak'TMngEdl<br />

brimaN´n/ezrmYyekIncMnYn eBlEdlbrimaN´n/ezr<br />

mYyeT\tzycuH; pl´n/ezrTaMgenaHKWCacMnYnezrmYy .<br />

irrational number/cMnYnminEmn®bPaKTsßPaK :<br />

cMnYnEdlmin/acbg˙aj◊nzaCa/nu◊t´ncMnYnKt'viCÇman<br />

nig/viCÇmanBIr …CacMnYnTsßPaKEckKµanTIbJçb'nigcMnYn<br />

TsßPaKEckmanTIbJçb' .<br />

isolate the variable/dak'/ezrenA/gapplem≈ageT\t :<br />

dak'/ezrenAedayELkkñ¨g/gapplem≈ageT\t´n<br />

smIkar<br />

…vismIkaredIm∫IedaH®saysmIkar …vismIkarenaH .<br />

isometric drawing/KMnUssm◊t : rUbtag´nKMnUs<br />

ragbI®CugEdlKUsenAelIbnÊat'cuc´n®tIekaNEdlmanragesµ IKña .<br />

isosceles triangle/®tIekaNsm◊t :<br />

®tIekaNmYyEdlmany"agtic®CugBIrb" unKña .<br />

K<br />

kite/Ex¬g : ctuekaNEdlman®CugCab' ehIyb" unKña .<br />

lateral face/muxxag : enAkñ¨g®BIs<br />

…BIr"amItmuxEdlmin<br />

EmnCa◊t .<br />

L<br />

lateral surface/´pÊxag : enAkñ ¨gragsIuLaMg´pÊekag<br />

PÇab'◊tmUl; enAkñ ¨gekan´pÊekagEdlminEmnCa◊t .<br />

´pÊxag<br />

least common denominator (LCD)/<br />

PaKEbgrYmtUcbMput : tYKuNrYmtUcbMput´nPaKEbgBIr …e®cIn .<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/BhuKuNrYmtUcbMput :<br />

cMnYnd°tUcbMput e®kABIsUn¥EdlCatYKuNrbs'cMnYneKp∂l'Ø¥BIr<br />

…e®cIn .<br />

legs/®CugmuMEkg<br />

: enAkñ¨g®tIekaNEkg®CugEdlrYmnUvmuMEkg<br />

enAkñ¨g®tIekaNsm◊tKW®CugTaMgBIrEdlb"<br />

unKña .<br />

like fractions/®bPaKdUcKña : ®bPaKEdlmanPaK<br />

EbgdUcKña .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 ––<br />

12 nig 3 ––<br />

12 KWCa®bPaKdUcKña .<br />

like terms//JÔatdUcKña : /JÔatmYy …BirEdl<br />

man/ezrdUcKña mans√‡yKuNdUcKña .<br />

oTahrN— : enAkñ ¨gkenßam 3a � 5b � 12a,<br />

3a nig 12a man/JÔatdUcKña .<br />

line/ExßbnÊat' : p¬ Ëv®tg'mYylatsnƒ wgKµanTIbJçb'<br />

kñ ¨gTisedApÊ ¨yKña .<br />

line graph/Exß®kab : Ca®kabmYyEdle®bIkn¬H<br />

bnÊat'edIm∫Ibg˙ajnUvreb\bEdlTinñn‡yE®b®bYl .<br />

line of best fit/bnÊat'®tUvbMput : ExßbnÊat'EdlmkCit<br />

CageKbMputelIcMNucTaMg/s'enAelIe®KagB®gay .<br />

line plot/ExßbnÊat'e®Kag : cMnYnExßbnÊat'EdlmanKMnUs<br />

…qñ ¨cbg˙ajnUvPaBjwkjab' .<br />

line segment//g˚t' : PaKmYy´nbnÊat'EdlenAcen¬aHcugBIr .<br />

line of reflection/bnÊat'cMNaMg : bnÊat'mYyEdlman<br />

rUbPaBcaMg®tLb'beg˚ItCacMNaMgrbs'rUbedImva<br />

.<br />

line of symmetry/bnÊat'´nsmb∫maN : rUbPaB “q¬ ¨ H”<br />

enAkñ¨gbnÊat'smb∫maN<br />

.<br />

line symmetry/bnÊat'smb∫maN : rUbPaBmYyman<br />

bnÊat'smb∫maN ebIBak'kN∂albnÊat'manrUbPaBq¬ H .<br />

(G6: symmetry/bnÊat'´ns)<br />

linear equation/bnÊat'smIkar : smIkarmYyEdldMeNaH<br />

®sayrbs'vabeg˚ItCabnÊat'®tg'enAelIb¬g'kU/redaenmYy<br />

.<br />

linear function/bnÊat'/nuKmn— : /nuKmn—<br />

mYyEdlman®kabCabnÊat'®tg' .<br />

linear inequality/bnÊat'vismIkar : X¬aBiCKNit<br />

e®bIsJÔa �, �, � … � Edl®kabCatMbn'mYyman<br />

bnÊat'®tg'Ca®BMEdnkMNt' .<br />

lower extreme/cMnYnTabbMput : cMnYnEdlTabbMput<br />

enAkñ¨gsMNuMTinñn‡ymYy<br />

.<br />

lower quartile/ctuPaKxÊg'tUc : Caemd¥an´n<br />

Bak'kN∂albnÊat'rbs'cMnYntUc´nsMNuMTinñn‡y;<br />

m"¥ageT\tehA<br />

first quartile (ctuPaKxÊg'mun) .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 8 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


M<br />

mean/mZ¥m : plbUk´nsMNuMTinñn‡yEckedaycMnYn<br />

vtΩënAkñ¨gsMNuMTinñn‡y<br />

ehAeQµaHm"¥ageT\tza kMritmZ¥m .<br />

measure of central tendency/mZ¥msΩiti<br />

:<br />

rg√as'EdleKe®bIsMrab'sMKal'nUvcMNuckN∂al´nsMNuMTinñn‡y;<br />

mZ¥m emd¥an nigm" Ut KWCamZ¥msΩiti<br />

.<br />

median/emd¥an : cMnYncMkN∂al …mZ¥m (kMritmZ¥m)<br />

´ncMnYnkN∂alBIrenAkñ¨glMdab'sMNuMTinñn‡y<br />

.<br />

metric system of measurement/®bB‡nƒrg√as'<br />

®bEvg : ®bB‡nƒTsßPaK´nTMgn' nig®bEvgEdleKe®bICasaklenA<br />

kñ ¨gviT¥asa®s† ehIye®bICaTUeTAkñ¨gBiPBelakTaMgmUl<br />

.<br />

oTahrN— : sgÊIEm"®t<br />

Em"®t KILËEm"®t ®kam mIlI¬lI®t<br />

nig<br />

lI®t TaMg/s'enHCa/®ta´nrg√as'rg√al' .<br />

midpoint/cMNuckN∂al : cMNucEdlEck/g˚t'mYy<br />

eTACa/g˚t'Bib" unKña .<br />

mixed number/elxcMruH : cMnYnEdlekIteLIg<br />

edaycMnYnKt'EdlminEmnsUn¥ nig®bPaK .<br />

mode/m" Ut : cMnYnmYy …cMnYne®cInEdlekIteLIgCajwkjab'<br />

enAkñ ¨gsMNu MTinñn‡y; kalNacMnYnTaMg/s'ekIteLIgeday<br />

mane®bkg'dUcKña eyIgniyaycMnYnenaHKµanm" UteT .<br />

monomial/®tIZa : cMnYn …kenßamBiCKNitEdl<br />

manmYy/JÔat .<br />

oTahrN— : n,5n 2 ,8,�3<br />

Multiplication Property of Equality/<br />

BhuKuN´nsmIkar : cMnYnEdlbg˙ajza ebI/ñkKuN<br />

cMnYnmYydUcKñaeTA/gappleTaMgBIr´nsmIkar /ñknwg◊n<br />

smIkarzµ ImYyEdlmancMeLIydUcKña .<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/<br />

BhuKuN´ncMnYnsUn¥ : cMnYnEdlbg˙ajza cMeBaH®Kb'cMnYnrWuLa<br />

TIbTaMg/s' a, a � 0 � 0 y 0 � a � 0<br />

multiplicative inverse/PaKKuNb®Jças' :<br />

cMnYnEdlKuNnwgPaKKuNb®Jças'rbs'vaesµ Inwg 1<br />

ehAm"¥ageT\tza reciprocal (pl®tLb'vij) .<br />

oTahrN— : PaKKuNb®Jças'´n 4 –<br />

5 KW 5 –<br />

4 .<br />

multiple/viZIKuN : plKuN´ncMnYnNamYynwgcMnYnKt'KW<br />

KuNnwgcMnYnenaH .<br />

mutually exclusive/mineTAvijeTAmk, bdi/JÔmJÔ :<br />

®Bwt† ikarN—BIrminTak'TgKñaeTAvijeTAmk<br />

ebIvaminekIteLIgenAkñ¨geBll∫gdUcKña<br />

.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 9 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/shsmı‡nƒ/viCÇman<br />

: sMNuMTinñ<br />

n‡yBIrmanshsmı‡nƒ<br />

/viCÇman ebIsMNuM´ntM´lTinñn‡ymYy<br />

ekIncMnYnEtsMNuMTinñn‡yepßgeT\tzycuH<br />

.<br />

negative integer/cMnYnKt'/viCÇman : cMnYnKt'viCÇman<br />

nig/viCÇmanticCagsUn¥ .<br />

(G6: negative number/elx/viCÇman)<br />

net/CalPNÎ : karer\bcM´pÊrabmYyEdl/acbt'eTAbeg˚ ItCa<br />

®Cug´pÊrabe®cIn …◊tCae®cIn .<br />

no correlation/Kµanshsmı‡nƒ<br />

: sMNuMTinñn‡yBIrEdl<br />

Kµanshsmı‡nƒ<br />

kalNavaKµanTMnak'TMngrvagtM´lTinñn‡y<br />

rbs'va .<br />

nonlinear function//nuKmn—ekag : /nuKmn—<br />

Edl®kabrbs'vaminEmnCabnÊat'®tg' .<br />

nonterminating decimal/TsßPaKKµanbJçb' :<br />

TsßPaKEdlKµanTIbJçb' .<br />

numerator/PaKyk : cMnYnEpñkxagelÍ n®bPaKEdl<br />

®◊b'nUvcMnYnb" unµanEpñkkñ¨grbs'TaMgmUlEdl®tUveKBicarNa<br />

.<br />

PaKyk<br />

oTahrN— : 4 – 5<br />

numerical expression/kenßamelx :<br />

kenßamelxEdlmanEtcMnYnelx nig®btibt† ikarrbs'va .<br />

O<br />

obtuse angle/muMTal<br />

: muMEdlvg√as'vamanTMhMZMCag<br />

90° EtticCag 180° .<br />

obtuse triangle/®tIekaNsm‡gß : ®tIekaNEdl<br />

manmuMTalmYy<br />

octagon//dÛekaN : BhuekaNEdlman®Cug®◊MbI<br />

octahedron//dÛekaNmuM®◊MbI<br />

: BhuekaN®Cuge®cIn<br />

Edlman◊t®◊MbI<br />

odd number/cMnYnKt'ess : cMnYnKt'Edlmin/acEck<br />

dac'edayBIr .<br />

odds/cMELk : kare®b\beZ\b´nlTƒpleBjcit†<br />

niglTƒplmineBjcit† .<br />

odds against/cMELkTl'nwg : /nu◊t´nlTƒplmin<br />

eBjcit† e®b\bnwglTƒpleBjcit† .<br />

odds in favor/cMELk : /nu◊t´nlTƒpleBjcit†<br />

e®b\bnwglTƒplmineBjcit† .


opposites//viCÇman : cMnYnBIrEdlmancMgayesµ IKñaBI<br />

cMNucsUn¥enAelIbnÊat'elxmYy; ehAm"¥ageT\tza additive<br />

inverse (cMnYn/viCÇman) .<br />

order of operations/lMdab'®btibt† i : viZanvaytM´l<br />

elIkenßam : TImYyeZ√I kar®bmanviZIelIcMnYnenAkñ¨gvg'®kck<br />

rYcKNnas√‡yKuN nig…srbs'va rYceZ√I ®bmaNviZIelxKuN<br />

nigEckeq√geTAs∂aM rYceZ√I ®bmaNviZIbUk nigsgBIeq√geTAs∂aM .<br />

ordered pair/lMdab'cMnYnKU : cMnYnmYyKU@Edl/ace®bIsM<br />

rab'rkTItaMg´ncMNucenAelIb¬g'kU/redaen .<br />

origin/Kl'/‡kß : cMNucEdl x-axis nig y-axis<br />

®bsB√Kñ aenAelIb¬g'kU/redaen; (0,0) .<br />

orthographic drawing/KMnUs/k≈ra : KMnUs´nvtΩ ¨mYy<br />

edaye®bI xagmux cMeh\g nigrUbxagelI .<br />

outcome (probability)/lTƒpl (®bU◊bflIlIet)<br />

:<br />

lTƒpl®bEhlekItmanBIkarBiesaZn—®bU◊bfl IlIet .<br />

outlier/enAxage®kA : tM´lEdlZMCag …tUcCagtM´l<br />

epßgeT\tenAkñ¨gsMNuMTinñn‡y<br />

.<br />

output/pl : tM´lEdlCalTƒpl´nkarCMnYs´npl<br />

Edlp∂l'Ø¥enAkñ¨gkenßam<br />

…enAkñ ¨g/nuKmn— .<br />

overestimate/®bmaNelIs : karsµanelIsBIcMnYnBit<br />

®◊kd .<br />

P<br />

parabola/◊"r"abULa : ®kab´nctu/nuKmn— .<br />

parallel lines/bnÊat'®sb : bnÊat'enAelIb¬g'Edlmin<br />

®bsB√Kñ a .<br />

parallelogram/®belLË®kam : ctuekaNEdlman<br />

®CugBIrKU®sbKña .<br />

Pascal’s triangle/®tIekaN◊"s˚al' : cMnYnmYyEdl<br />

manragdUc®tIekaNEdlCYrnimYy@cab'ep∂Im<br />

ehIybJçb'enA<br />

elx 1 ehIycMnYnnimYy@KWCaplbUk´ncMnYnBIrxagelIva .<br />

pentagon/bcçekaN : BhuekaNman®◊M®Cug<br />

percent/PaKry : /nu◊te®b\beZ\bcMnYnmYyeTAnwg 100 .<br />

oTahrN— : 45% � 45 –––<br />

100<br />

percent of change/PaKryE®b®bYl :<br />

cMnYnEdlbg˙ajCaPaKryEdlcMnYnmYyekIneLIg …zycuH .<br />

percent of decrease/PaKrybnΩy : PaKryE®b<br />

®bYlBN·na/MBIkarzycuH´nbrimaN .<br />

percent of increase/PaKry´nkMeNIn : PaKryE®b<br />

®bYlBN·na/MBIkarekIn´nbrimaN .<br />

perfect square/s√‡yKuNcMnYnKt'<br />

: s√‡yKuN´ncMnYnKt' .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 � 5 � 25 nig 7 2 � 49; 25 nig 49<br />

Cas√‡yKuNcMnYnKt' .<br />

perimeter/brima®t : cMgayCMvijBhuekaNmYy .<br />

permutation/karb∂Ë r : lMdab'®kmCasar :<br />

sMxan'´nkardak'er\bcMvtΩ¨<br />

…cMnYnnana .<br />

perpendicular bisector/bnÊat'BuHEkg :<br />

bnÊat'Edl®bsB√nw g/g˚t'enA®tg'cMNuckN∂alehIyEkgCa<br />

mYynig/g˚t'enaH .<br />

perpendicular lines/bnÊat'Ekg :<br />

bnÊat'Edl®bsB√Kñ aekIt◊nCamuMEkg<br />

perspective/eTsPaB :<br />

becçkeTsEdle®bIedIm∫IeZ√I vtΩ¨bI<br />

®CugmYyØ¥emIleTAeXIjmanCe®mA<br />

nigcMgayenAelÍ pÊrab .<br />

pi (�)/BI, ´p (�) : /nu◊t´nbrima®trg√g' ´nrg√g'mYyeTAnwg<br />

®bEvg/gapplet'pç it; � � 3.14 … 22 ––<br />

7 .<br />

plane/b¬g' : ´pÊrabEdllatsnƒwgCanirn†PaB<br />

.<br />

Platonic solids/Bhut‡l …duMkn†<br />

M : duMvtΩ¨man◊tmYy<br />

…muxe®cInZmµtaman®◊M ctut‡l, KUb, T√aTst‡l<br />

nigBhut‡lmux´m∏ .<br />

point/cMNuc : CaTItaMgBit®◊kdmYyenAkñ¨glMhr<br />

.<br />

point-slope form/cMNucs¬ Ëb …cMNucC®mal :<br />

smIkarenAelIbnÊat'mYyEdlbeg˚ ItCarag<br />

y � y1 � m(x � x1 ), Edl m KWCas¬ Ëb nig (x1 , y1 )<br />

CacMnYnCak'lak'elIbnÊat' .<br />

point symmetry/cMNucsIuem"®TI<br />

: rUbmancMNucsIuem"®TI<br />

ebIva®tYtsIuKñaedayx¬<br />

ÁnGge®kayBIbg√il 180° .<br />

polygon/BhuekaN : ragbitenAelIb¬g'EdlekIteLIg<br />

eday/g˚t'bI …e®cInCagehIyEdlCYbKñaEt®tg'cMNuc<br />

Kl'rYmmYy (kMBUl) .<br />

polyhedron/®bsB√®Cuge®cIn : ragmanbI®CugEdlman´pÊ<br />

…◊tCaBhuekaN .<br />

polynomial/BhuZa : kenßamBiCKNitEdlCaplbUk<br />

…pldk´nvtΩ¨BIr<br />

…elIs .<br />

population/p∂¨Mkñ<br />

a : ®kumTaMgmUl´nvtΩ¨<br />

…vtΩ¨mYy@Edl<br />

®tUvcat'TuksMrab'karsÊg'mti .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 10 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


positive correlation/karCab'Tak'TgviCÇaman :<br />

sMNuMTinñn‡yBIrmankarCab'Tak'TgkalNatM´lTinñn‡y<br />

rbs'vaekIn …zycuHCamYyKña .<br />

positive integer/cMnYnKt'viCÇman : cMnYnKt'EdlZMCagsUn¥<br />

(G6: positive number/elxviCÇman)<br />

power/s√‡yKuN<br />

: cMnYnEdl®tUv◊nbeg˚ ItedaytMelIgcMnYn<br />

eKal eTAnwgniTsßn† .<br />

oTahrN— : 2 3 � 8, dUecñH 8 Cas√‡yKuNTI 3rd<br />

rbs'eKal 2 .<br />

precision/c∫as'las' : kMrit´nPaBek∫aHk∫ay´nrg√as'<br />

EdlkMNt'eday/®targ√as' .<br />

prediction/Tay : /√I EdleK®◊b'zanwgmankar<br />

ekIteLIgnaeBl/naKt .<br />

prime factorization/plKuN´nkt†abfm :<br />

cMnYnsresrCalTƒpl´n´nkt†abfmrbs'va .<br />

oTahrN— : 10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 2 3 � 3<br />

prime number/cMnYnbfm : cMnYnKtZMCag 1<br />

ehIyEdlmantYKuNEtBIr KWx¬ ÁnGg nig 1 .<br />

principal/®◊k'edIm : cMnYndMbUg´n®◊k'Edl◊nxçI<br />

…snßM .<br />

principal square root/…skaerviCÇman :<br />

…skaerEdlminEmn/viCÇman´ncMnYnmYy .<br />

oTahrN— : � � 25 � 5 . 5 Ca…skaerviCÇman .<br />

prism/®BIs : BhuekaNmYyEdlman®Cugb" unKña ◊tman<br />

ragBhuekaN ehIynig◊tepßg@eT\tEdlCa®belLË®kam<br />

probability/®bU◊bflIlIet<br />

: cMnYnmYymantM´lBI 0 eTA 1<br />

(… 0% eTA 100%) .<br />

product/plKuN : lTƒpleBlNacMnYnBIr<br />

…e®cInKuNCamYyKña .<br />

proper fraction/®bPaKsuTƒ : ®bPaKEdlmanPaKyk<br />

tUcCagPaKEbg .<br />

oTahrN— : 3 –<br />

4 , 1 ––<br />

12 , 7 –<br />

8<br />

proportion/smama®t : smIkarmYyEdlbg˙ajza/nu<br />

◊tBIresµ IKña .<br />

protractor/®bU®tak'T‡r : ®bdab'sMrab'vas'muM<br />

.<br />

pyramid/BIr"amIt : ragman®Cug<br />

e®cInEdlman◊tCaBhuekaN<br />

ehIynig®Cug®tIekaNEdlCYbKña<br />

®tg'kMBUlrYmmYy<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/®Tws∂IBI taK‡r : enAkñ ¨g®tIeka<br />

NEkgmYykaer´n®bEvg/I ub" Uetnus KWesµ InwgplbUk´nkaer´n<br />

®bEvgrbs'®CugmM uEkg .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 11 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/ctuPaKmNÎl : /‡kßsIus<br />

x- nig/‡kßsIus<br />

y-axes Eckb¬g'kU/redaenCabYntMbn' .<br />

tMbn'nimYy@maneQµaHza ctuPaKmNÎl .<br />

quadratic equation/smIkardWe®kTIBIrmanmYy/JÔat :<br />

smIkarEdlmanrag ax 2 � bx � c � 0, Edl a � 0 .<br />

quadratic function//nuKmn—´nsmIkardWe®kTIBIr<br />

manmYy/JÔat : Ca/nuKmn—Edlmanrag<br />

y � ax 2 � bx � c, Edl a � 0 .<br />

oTahrN— : y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y � �3x 2<br />

quadrilateral/ragctuekaN : BhuekaNEdlmanbYn®Cug<br />

quarterly/®tImas : bYndgmYyqñaM .<br />

quartile/ctuPaK : mantM´lbI mYyKWCaemd¥an<br />

EdlEcksMNu MTinñn‡yØ¥eTACabYnPaK . sUm/an first<br />

quartile (ctuPaKxÊg'mun) third quartile (ctuPaKTIbI) .<br />

quotient/plEck : lTƒplkalNacMnYnmYyEck<br />

edaycMnYnmYyepßgeT\t .<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/sJÔar"Dikal' : sJÔa � � e®bIsMrab'<br />

CatMNagØ¥…skaerviCÇman´ncMnYnmYy .<br />

radius/kaMrg√g' : /g˚t'bnÊat'<br />

EdlmanKl'mYyenAcMkN∂al<br />

rg√g' ehIynigKl'mYyenAelIrg√g'<br />

…®bEvg´n/g˚t' .<br />

random numbers/elxcab'®Bav : sMNu Melxcab'®Bav@<br />

elxnimYy@manOkasesµ IKñakñ ¨gkare®CIserIs .<br />

random sample/oTahrN—cab'®Bav@ : oTahrN—<br />

EdlcMnYnmYy@ …vtΩënAkñ¨gbN∂¨McMnYnmanOkasesµ<br />

IKñakñ¨gkar<br />

e®CIserIs .<br />

range (in statistics)/CYr (kñ¨gsΩiti)<br />

: PaBxusKña<br />

rvagtM´lZMbMput nigsMNuMTinñn‡y<br />

.


ange (in a function)/CYr (kñ¨g/nuKmn—)<br />

:<br />

sMNuM´ntM´lEdl/acmanTaMg/s'´n/nuKmn—<br />

.<br />

rate//®ta : /nu◊tEdle®b\beZ\bbrimaNBIrEdlvas'<br />

edayxñatxusKña .<br />

oTahrN— : el∫»nkMritKW 55 m"ay mYyem"ag … 55mi/h.<br />

rate of interest//®takar®◊k' : PaKry®tUvbg'<br />

…rk◊ntamcMnYn®◊k'; /an simple interest<br />

(kar®◊k'Zmµta) .<br />

ratio//nu◊t : kare®b\beZ\b´nbrimaNBIredaykarEck .<br />

oTahrN— : 12 eTA 25, 12:25, 12 ––<br />

25<br />

rational number/®bPaKTsßPaK : cMnYnNamYy<br />

Edl/acbJÇak'CacMnYn/nu◊t´ncMnYnKt' .<br />

oTahrN— : elx 6 /acbJÇak'◊nCa 6 –<br />

1 nig 0.5 Ca 1 –<br />

2 .<br />

ray/kaM : PaKmYy´nbnÊat'Edlcab'ep∂ImenA®tg'cMNucKl'mYy<br />

ehIylatsnƒwgKµanTIbJçb'<br />

.<br />

real number/cMnYnrWuLaTIb<br />

: cMnYn®bPaKTsßPaK<br />

…cMnYnminEmnCa®bPaKTsßPaK .<br />

reciprocal/pl®tLb'vij : cMnYnmYy´ncMnYnBIrEdl<br />

plKuNKW 1; ehAm"¥ageT\tza multiplicative inverse<br />

(PaKKuNb®Jças') .<br />

oTahrN— : pl®tLb'vij´n 2 –<br />

3 KW 3 –<br />

2 . pl®tLb'vij´n n KW<br />

1<br />

n<br />

– .<br />

rectangle/ctuekaNEkg : ®belLË®kamEdlmanmu MEkgbYn .<br />

rectangular prism/<br />

®BisctuekaNEkg : Bhut‡lEdl<br />

man◊t …muxCactuekaNEkg<br />

nigmuxGeT\tCa®belLË®kam .<br />

reduction/karbnΩy : karzycuH´nTMhMrbs'ragTaMg/s' .<br />

reflection/cMNaMg : karE®bPaB´nrUbEdl®tLb'rUb<br />

kat'bnÊat'mYy .<br />

regular pyramid/BIr"amItZmµta : BIr"amItmYyEdlman<br />

◊tCaBhuekaNsm‡gß ehIymuxxagrbs'vaTaMg/s'b" unKña .<br />

regular polygon/BhuekaNsm‡gß : BhuekaN<br />

Edlman®Cug nigmuMb"<br />

unKña .<br />

regular tessellation/etesLas¥¨gZmµta : etesLa<br />

s¥¨gEdlekIteLIgedayBhuekaNZmµtaCae®cIn .<br />

relatively prime/Tak'Tgnigbfm : cMnYnBIrEdlTak'<br />

Tgnwgbfm ebIkt†arYmZMCageKbMputrbs'va (GCF) KWelx 1 .<br />

oTahrN— : 7 nig 15 CaelxTak'Tgnigbfm .<br />

repeating decimal/TsßPaKsaeLIgvij : cMnYnTsß<br />

PaKEdlmanxÊg'mYy …BIr EckdEdl@minmanbJçb' .<br />

oTahrN— : 0.757575… � 0. ––<br />

75<br />

rhombus/®belLË®kamniy‡t : ®belLË®kamEdlman<br />

®CugTaMg/s'b" unKña<br />

right angle/mu MEkg : mu MEdlmanrg√as'TMhM 90° .<br />

right cylinder/sIuLaMgEkg<br />

: sIuLaMgEdl<br />

man◊tCarg√g' ®sbEkgCamYy®Tnug´nsIuLaMgenaH<br />

.<br />

right cone/ekanEkg : ekanEdlmanbnÊat'KUsecjBI<br />

◊teTAkMBUlq¬gkat'tamcMNuckN∂al´n◊t .<br />

right triangle/®tIekaNEkg : ®tIekaNEdl<br />

manmuMEkgmYy<br />

rise/kMeNInkMBs' : kMBs'bJŒrp¬as'b∂ËrenAeBls¬<br />

Ëb´n<br />

rise<br />

bnÊat'mYyCakenßam/nu◊t , … “rise over run”<br />

rotation/b∂Ë r : bMErbMrYlEdlrUbPaBmYyvil®tLb'CuMvij<br />

mYycMNuc<br />

rotational symmetry/vilb∂Ë rsIuem®TI<br />

: rUbPaBmYy<br />

Edlvilb∂ËrsIuem®TI<br />

ebIsinCava/acvilticCag 360°<br />

/gßar´ncMNucpç itnigCan'elIrUbPaBedIm .<br />

rounding/bgapplet'cMnYn : kardak'CMnYselxCamYycMnYn◊"n'<br />

®bmaN´ncMnYnenaHeTAkEn¬gtM´lEdl◊nØ¥ .<br />

oTahrN— : 2,354 bgapplet'cMnYneTACitnwgxÊg'Ban'KW 2,000,<br />

ehIycMnYn 2,354 bgapplet'cMnYneTAnwgxÊg'ry 100<br />

KW 2,400 .<br />

run/kMeNIncMgay : ´pÊrabp¬as'b∂ËrenAeBls¬<br />

Ëb´nbnÊat'mYy<br />

rise<br />

Cakenßam/nu◊t , … “rise over run”<br />

run<br />

run<br />

S<br />

sales tax/Bnƒlk'TMnij : PaKry´ntM´lvtΩËdlTareday<br />

rdÛaPi◊ledIm∫Ibeg˚ In®◊k' .<br />

sample/KMrU : CaPaKmYy´nbN∂¨M<br />

.<br />

sample space/lMhKMrU : ®Kb'lTƒPaB´nlTƒplEdl<br />

®bEhl/acman .<br />

scale/kMrit ma®ta : /nu◊trvagsMNuMBIr´nrg√as'<br />

.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 12 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


scale drawing/ma®taKMnUs : KMnUsmYyEdlmane®bIkMrit<br />

edIm∫IeZ√I Ø¥vtΩ ¨/√ImYykan'EttUcCag (karcuHbnΩy) …k°ZMCag<br />

(karB®gIk) ´nrbs'Bit®◊kd .<br />

scale factor/ma®takt†a : /nu◊te®bIsMrab'B®gIk<br />

…bnΩyrUbPaB®sed\gKña .<br />

scale model/KMrUma®ta : KMrUsmama®t´nrbs'man®CugbI .<br />

scalene triangle/®tIekaNsamJÔ : ®tIekaNEdlKµan<br />

®Cugb" unKña .<br />

scatter plot/cMNucray : ®kabEdlmancMNuccucbg˙ajnUv<br />

TMnak'TMngrvagsMNuMBIr´nTinñn‡y<br />

.<br />

scientific notation/sJÔaNviT¥asa®s† : meZ¥a◊y<br />

e®bIsMrab'sresrcMnYnZM …cMnYntUcedaye®bIs√‡yKuN´n 10 .<br />

second differences/lMdab'plsgxÊg'TIBIr : lMdab'elx<br />

EdlekIteLIgBIkardk´npldkrvaglMdab'elxbnÊat'®Kb'xÊg' .<br />

second quartile/ctuPaKxÊg'TIBIr : emd¥an´nsMNu MTinñn‡y .<br />

sector/ce®m\krg√g' : tMbn'Edlbitedayr"aDIBIr<br />

ehIyExßZñËPÇab'CamYycMNuccugTaMgsgxagrbs'va<br />

sector (data)/Qut ®kabp¬ it : PaKmYyEpñk´n<br />

®kabrg√g'tMNagØ¥PaK´nsMNuMTinñn‡y<br />

segment//g˚t' : PaK´nbnÊat'rvagcMNuccugBIr .<br />

semiregular tessellation/etesLas¥¨gBak'kN∂al<br />

Zmµta : etesLas¥¨gmYy◊nbeg˚ IteLIgCamYynigBhu<br />

ekaNZmµtaEdlmankMBUlTaMg/s'manPaB®sed\gKña .<br />

sequence/lMdab'er\g : bJÇ Ielxer\g´ncMnYn .<br />

set/sMNuM<br />

: vtΩ¨mYy®kum<br />

side/®Cug : bnÊat'kMNt'enAkñ¨grUbZrNIma®tmYy;<br />

Ca◊tmYy<br />

Edlbeg˚ ItCaEpñkxage®kA´nvtΩ ¨/√ImYy .<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/®Cug-muM-®Cug<br />

: c∫ab'EdlEcg<br />

zaebIman®CugBIr ehIynigmu MCab'´n®tIekaNmYyb" unKñaCamYy®Cug<br />

BIrehiynigmu MCab'´n®tIekaNmYyeT\t eBlenaHeKza®tI<br />

ekaNenaHb" unKña .<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/®Cug-®Cug-®Cug : c∫ab'EdlEcgza<br />

ebI®CugbÍ n®tIekaNmYyb" unKñaeTAnwg®CugbÍ n®tIekaNmYyepßg<br />

eT\t eBlenaHeKza®tIekaNb" unKña ®tYtsIuKña<br />

.<br />

(G7: Side-Side-Side Rule/c∫ab'®Cug-®Cug-®Cug)<br />

significant digits/xÊg'Biess : xÊg' (rUbPaB)<br />

e®bIsMrab'bJÇak'nUvPaB®twm®tUv´nrg√as'mYy .<br />

(G6: significant figures/rUbPaBsMxan')<br />

similar/T®mg'®sed\gKña : rUbPaBEdlmanragerAdUcKña<br />

b" uEn†mincaM◊c'EtmanTMhMb" unKñaeT<br />

simple interest/kar®◊k'Zmµta : cMnYnPaKrynwg´n<br />

®◊k'edIm . cMnYnenHmanrUbmn† I � prt Edl p tMNagØ¥<br />

®◊k'edIm r Cakar®◊k' ehIy t Cary:eBl .<br />

simplest form/T®mg'gaybMput : ®bPaKEdlmanT®mg'<br />

gaybMputkalNaPaKyk nigPaKEbgvaKµankt†arYme®kABI 1 .<br />

simplify/s®mYl : sresr®bPaK …kenßamkñ¨gT®mg'd°<br />

gay .<br />

simulation/®bdUc : KMrÚ nkarBiesaZn—mYy CajyKWkar<br />

BiesaZn—EdlmankarlM◊kx¬aMg …®tUve®bIeBle®cIneBkedIm∫I<br />

eZ√I karBit®◊kd .<br />

sine (sin)/sIunus<br />

: enAkñ¨g®tIekaNEkgmYy<br />

/nu◊t´n®bEvg®CugTl'nigmuM®sYc<br />

eTAnwg®bEvg/Iub"<br />

Uetnus .<br />

skew lines/bnÊat'e®kA : bnÊat'EdlenAelIb¬g'epßg<br />

Edlmin®sb ehIyminCYbKña .<br />

slant height/Cen®t : cMgayBI◊t´nekaneTAkMBUlrbs'va<br />

vas'tammuxkat'rbs'va .<br />

slope/s¬ Ëb : rg√as'kMritecaT´nbnÊat'enAelI®kab;<br />

kMeNInkMBs'EcknwgkMeNIncMgay .<br />

slope-intercept form/T®mg's¬ Ëb®bsB√ : bnÊat'smIkar<br />

sresrCaT®mg' y � mx � b, Edl m tMNagØ¥s¬ Ëb nig<br />

b tMNagØ¥cMNuc®bsB y .<br />

solid figure/´pÊrabbI®Cug : rag´pÊrabbI®Cug<br />

solution of an equation/dMeNaH®saysmIkar :<br />

tM´lmYy …tM´le®cInEdleZ√I Ø¥smIkarBit .<br />

solution of an inequality/dMeNaHvi®saysmIkar :<br />

tM´lmYy …tM´le®cInEdleZ√I Ø¥vismIkarBit .<br />

solution of a system of equations/dMeNaH<br />

®say®bB‡nƒsmIkar : sMNu MtM´lTaMg/s'EdleZ√I Ø¥<br />

®bB‡nƒsmIkarTaMg/s'Bit .<br />

solution set/sMNuMcMeLIy<br />

: sMNuMtM´lEdleZ√I<br />

Ø¥dMeNaH<br />

®sayBit .<br />

solve/edaH®say : rkcMeLIy …dMeNaH®say .<br />

space figure/rUbPaBlMhr : rYBPaBEdlman®CugbI<br />

sphere/Es√fl<br />

: rUbPaBbI®CugEdlcMNucTaMg/s'mancMgay<br />

esµ IKñaBIcMNuckN∂al .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 13 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


square (geometry)/ctuekaNesµ I : ctuekaNmYy<br />

Edlman®CugbYnb" unKña esµ IKña .<br />

square (numeration)/kaer : cMnYnEdlekIneLIg<br />

eTACas√‡yKuNTIBIr .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 2 , elx 5 KWCakaer .<br />

square number/cMnYnkaer : plKuN´ncMnYnmYy<br />

nigx¬ ÁnGg .<br />

oTahrN— : 25 CacMnYnkaer 5 � 5 � 25<br />

square root/…skaer : cMnYnmYy´nkt†aesµ IKñaBIr´ncMnYn .<br />

oTahrN— : 16 � 4 � 4, … 16 ��4 � �4, dUecñH 4<br />

nig �4 Ca…skaerrbs' 16 .<br />

standard form (in numeration)/<br />

T®mg'cMnYnCaGkta (kñ¨gcMnYn)<br />

: cMnYnEdlsresr<br />

edaye®bIGkta .<br />

oTahrN— : ®◊MBan' BIrydb'kñ¨gT®mg'CaxÊg'Ban'KW<br />

5,210 .<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/cMNucTg-nig-s¬ wk : ®kabmYy<br />

e®bIedim∫Ier\bcM nigbg˙aj/MBITinñn‡yedIm∫IØ¥eK/aceZ√I kar<br />

e®b\beZ\be®bkg'◊n<br />

straight angle/muMrab<br />

: muMEdlmanrg√as'TMhM<br />

180°<br />

stratified sample/sMNakKMrU : KMrÚ nbN∂¨M<br />

Edl®tUv◊nEbgEckCa/nu®kum .<br />

subset//nusMNu M : sMNu MmYyEdlmanenAkñ ¨gsMNu MmYyeT\t .<br />

substitute/CMnYs : dak'/ezrmYyCMnYscMnYnepßg<br />

…kenßamepßgeT\tkñ ¨glk≈NCakenßamBiCKNit .<br />

Subtraction Property of Equality/lk≈N:<br />

elxsg´nsmIkar : lk≈N:EdlEcgza<br />

ebI/ñkdkelxdUcKñaBIEpñkTaMgsgxag´nsmIkar<br />

smIkarzµ InigmancMeLIydUcKña .<br />

sum/plbUk : lTƒpl´ncMnYnmYy …BIrbUkbJçËlKña<br />

.<br />

supplementary angles/muMbEnΩm<br />

: mu MBIrEdlman<br />

rg√as'plbUk 180° .<br />

surface area/®kLa´pÊ : plbUk´n®kLa´pÊ´n◊t …muxxag<br />

´nrUbPaBEdlman®CugbI .<br />

system of equations/®bB‡nƒsmIkar : sMNuMEdl<br />

mansmIkarmYy …BIrEdlman/ezrBIr …e®cIn .<br />

system of linear equations/®bB‡nƒsmIkarbnÊat' :<br />

smIkarbnÊat'BIr …e®cInEdlKUsenAelIb¬g'kU/redaenEtmYy .<br />

systematic sample/lMnaMKMrUCas√‡y®bvt†n—<br />

:<br />

KMrÚ nbN∂¨M®tUv◊neKe®CIserIsedaye®bIlMnaMmYy@<br />

.<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/tg'sg' : enAkñ¨g®tIekaNEkg<br />

/nu◊t´n®bEvgrbs'®CugEdlpʨyKñanwgmuM®sYceTAnwg®bEvg®Cug<br />

EdlCab'nwgmuM®sYc<br />

.<br />

tangent (to a circle)/tg'sg'(cMeBaHrg√g') :<br />

bnÊat'mYyEdlb"Hnwgrg√g' Et®tg'cMNucmYy .<br />

term (in an expression)//JÔat (enAkñ¨gkenßam)<br />

:<br />

Epñk´nkenßamEdl®tUvbUk …dk .<br />

oTahrN— : 5x 2 CakenßamEdlmanmYy/JÔat, �10<br />

CakenßamEdlmanmYy/JÔat, nig x � 1<br />

CakenßamEdlmanmYy/JÔat .<br />

term (in a sequence)/cMnYn (enAkñ¨glMdab')<br />

: CaZatu<br />

…cMnYnenAkñ¨glMdab'<br />

.<br />

terminating decimal/cMnYnTsßPaKEckmanTIbJçb' :<br />

cMnYnTsßPaKEdlcb' …Edl®tUvbJçb' .<br />

oTahrN— : 6.75<br />

tessellation/papple¨MtMer\b<br />

: KMrUer\bbn†bnÊab'KñaenAelIrag´pÊlM<br />

hrEdl®KbeBjTaMg´pÊedayKµancen¬aH …®tYtKña .<br />

tetrahedron/ctut‡l : Bhut‡lEdlmanmuxbYn<br />

theoretical probability/®Tws∂I ´n®bU◊bflIlIet<br />

:<br />

/nu◊t´ncMnYnEdlesµ IKñaTMngCalTƒplenAkñ¨gcMnYnsrubeTAnwg<br />

cMnYn´nlTƒplEdl®bEhlCaekItmaneLIg .<br />

third quartile/ctuPaKTIbI : emd¥an´nPaKkn¬H<br />

xagelÍ nTinñn‡y; ehAm"¥ageT\tza upper quartile<br />

(ctuPaKEpñkxagelI) .<br />

tip/®◊k'TwkEt : cMnYn®◊k'EdleKØ¥bEnΩmeTAnwgtM´lTar<br />

sMrab'esvaTTYl; ZmµtamancMnYnCaPaKry´ntM´lTar .<br />

transformation/bMErbMrYl : karE®b®bYl´nTMhM<br />

…CMhr´nrUbrag/√ImYy .<br />

translation/rMkil : clna (r/il) ´nrUb/√ImYytam<br />

beN∂aybnÊat'®tg' .<br />

transversal/bnÊat'kat' xñat' : bnÊat'mYyEdlCYbnwg<br />

bnÊat'BIr …e®cIneT\t .<br />

trapezoid/ctuekaNBñay : ctuekaNEdlman®Cug<br />

®sbKñaEtmYyKU .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 14 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


tree diagram/´dd¥a®kam : ´dd¥a®kamEdlbg˙aj®Kb'<br />

bnßMEdl/acman …lTƒpl´n®Bwt† ikarN— .<br />

trial/sakl∫g : enAkñ¨g®bU◊bflIlIet<br />

karekIteLIgvijEtm∂g<br />

…karseg˚t´nkarBiesaZn—mYy .<br />

triangle/®tIekaN : BhuekaNmanbI®Cug .<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/®Tws∂I ´nplbUk®tIekaN :<br />

®Tws∂Iedlbg˙ajzarg√as'´nmuMmYyenAkñ¨g®tIekaNbUk<br />

bJçËlKña◊n<br />

180° .<br />

triangular prism/<br />

®tIekaN®Bws : Bhut‡lEdl<br />

man◊tCa®tIekaN<br />

ehIyEdlman◊tCa®belLË®kam<br />

trigonometric ratios//nu◊tZrNIma®t :<br />

/nu◊tEdle®b\beZ\b®bEvg´n®Cugrbs'®tIekaNEkg;<br />

/nu◊trYmKWCatg'sg' sIunus<br />

nigkUsIunus<br />

.<br />

U<br />

unbiased sample/sMNakminlMe/\g : sMNakEdlmin<br />

lMe/\gebIbuKapplelmñak'@enAkñ¨gbN∂aCnmanOkasesµ<br />

IKñasMrab'<br />

eKe®CIserIs .<br />

underestimate/kar®bmaNxus : kar®bmaNEdl<br />

xusBIcMnYnBit .<br />

union/®bCuM<br />

: sMNuM´nZatuTaMgLayEdlCarbs'sMNuMBIr<br />

…e®cIn .<br />

unit conversion/karb∂Ë rma®targ√as' : dMeNIrkar<br />

p¬as'b∂Ërma®targ√as'mYyeTAma®targ√as'mYyeT\t<br />

.<br />

unit conversion factor/kt†ab∂Ë rma®ta :<br />

®bPaKEdle®bIenAkñ¨gkarb∂<br />

Ërma®taEdlPaKyk<br />

nigPaKEbgtMNagØ¥cMnYndUcKñaEtxusma®ta<br />

60 naTI 1 em"ag<br />

oTahrN— : …<br />

1 em"ag 60 naTI<br />

unit price/tM´lGkta : /®takMrite®bIsMrab'e®b\beZ\btM´l .<br />

unit rate/kMritGkta : /®taEdlbrimaNTIBIr<br />

enAkñ ¨gkare®b\beZ\bKWmYy/®ta .<br />

oTahrN— : 10 sm kñ¨gmYynaTI<br />

.<br />

unlike fractions/®bPaKmindUcKña : ®bPaKEdl<br />

manPaKEbgxusKña .<br />

oTahrN— : 3 – 4 nig 1 – 2 KWCa®bPaKmindUcKña .<br />

upper extreme/cMnYnZMbMput : cMnYnZMbMputenAkñ¨g<br />

sMNuMTinñn‡y<br />

.<br />

upper quartile/ctuPaKEpñkxagelI : emd¥an´nPaKkn¬H<br />

xagelÍ nTinñn‡y; ehAm"¥ageT\tza third quartile<br />

(ctuPaKTIbI) .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 15 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

V<br />

vanishing point/cMNucrt'ecj : enAkñ¨gKMnUr®beyal<br />

cMNucmYyEdlbnÊat'Cae®cInrt'ecjBIkEn¬g/ñkemIlCYb .<br />

variability//ezrPaB : karEckray´ntM´l<br />

enAkñ¨gsMNuMTinñn‡y<br />

.<br />

variable//ezr : nimit†sJÔae®bIsMrab'tMNagbrimaN<br />

Edl/acp¬as'b∂Ër◊n<br />

.<br />

Venn diagram/d¥a®kamEv"n : Cad¥a®kame®bIsMrab'bg˙aj<br />

TMnak'TMngrvagsMNuM<br />

verbal expression/karsMEdgbJÇak'edaypÊal'mat' :<br />

Bak¥ …X¬a .<br />

vertex/kMBUl : enAelI®tIekaN …BhuekaN<br />

cMNucEdl®CugBIrCYbKña enAelIBhuekaNkar®bsB√Kñ a´n®CugbI<br />

… e®cIn ; enAelIekan…BIr"amItCacMNucxagelIbg÷s'.<br />

vertical angles/<br />

mu MTl'kMBUl : mu MpÊ ¨yb" unKña<br />

a<br />

b<br />

mYyKUbeg˚ It◊nCabnÊat'<br />

kat'; enAkñ ¨gd¥a®kam<br />

d<br />

�a nig �c KWb" unKña ehIy �b nig �d KWb" unKña<br />

volume/v" UlUm : cMnYnma®taKUbEdl®tUvkarsMrab'<br />

bMeBjkEn¬g/√ImYy .<br />

W<br />

withholding tax/dkykBnƒ : karkat'®◊k'ecjBI<br />

®◊k'rk◊n´nbuKapplelNamñak'Ca®◊k'bg'munsMrab'BnƒelI<br />

®◊k'cMNUl .<br />

X<br />

x-axis//iukß/‡kßsIus<br />

: /‡kßsIusep∂kenAelIb¬g'kU/redaen<br />

.<br />

x-coordinate//ikßkU/flredaen : elxTImYyenAkñ¨gcMnYnKU;<br />

elxenaH®◊b'BIcMgayb∂ËreTAs∂aM<br />

…eTAeq√gBIKl'/‡kß (0,0) .<br />

oTahrN— : 5 KWCa x kU/‡redaenenAkñ ¨g (5,3) .<br />

c


x-intercept/cMNuc®bsB√/ikß : /ikßkU/‡redaen´ncMNuc<br />

®kabrbs'bnÊat'kat'tamcMNuc x-axis (/ikß/‡kßsIus)<br />

.<br />

Y<br />

y-axis/v"ay/‡kßsIus<br />

: /‡kßsIusbJŒrenAelIb¬g'kU/redaen<br />

.<br />

y-coordinate/v"aykU/flredaen : elxTIBIrenAkñ ¨gcMnYnKU;<br />

elxenaH®◊b'BIcMgayb∂ ËreTAs∂aM …eTAeq√gBIKl'/‡kß (0,0) .<br />

oTahrN— : 3 KWCa y kU/‡redaenenAkñ¨g<br />

(5,3) .<br />

y-intercept/cMNuc®bsB√v"ay : v"aykU/‡redaen´n<br />

cMNuc®kabrbs'bnÊat'kat'tamcMNuc y-axis (v"ay/‡kßsI us) .<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/sUn¥mYyKU : cMnYnmYy nigtM´lpʨyrbs'va<br />

EdlbUkbJçËlKña◊n<br />

0 .<br />

oTahrN— : 18 nig –18<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 16 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


A<br />

absolute value/��� ���������<br />

���� �� ���<br />

��� � �5 � � 5<br />

accuracy/���������������<br />

��������������<br />

acute angle/����� 90° ����<br />

acute triangle/�������������<br />

90° �����<br />

addend/����������������<br />

��������<br />

���� 4 � 6 � 7 ����� 4��6 � 7 �<br />

����<br />

Addition Property of Equality/������<br />

��������������������<br />

����������������<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/�����<br />

��������������������<br />

�����<br />

���12 � (�12) � 0<br />

additive inverse/������������<br />

��<br />

���6 ������ �6<br />

adjacent angles/������<br />

b<br />

�������������� a<br />

�������<br />

algebraic expression/����������<br />

�������<br />

���x � 8, 4(m � b)<br />

algebraic inequality/����������<br />

���������<br />

���x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/<br />

������������<br />

������������<br />

a b<br />

�������� �a �<br />

�d � �b � �c�<br />

c d<br />

alternate interior angles/<br />

������������<br />

������������<br />

�������� �r �<br />

�v � �s � �t�<br />

t v<br />

r s<br />

altitude/����������������<br />

(��������) ������<br />

angle/�����������������<br />

(��) ����<br />

angle bisector/����<br />

����������<br />

����������<br />

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)/��������<br />

��������������������<br />

��������������������<br />

���������������<br />

arc/�����������������<br />

area/�����������������<br />

�����<br />

arithmetic sequence/����������<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

Associative Property/�����<br />

�������������� a, b � c �<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

�������������� a, b � c �<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

asymmetry/��������������<br />

������<br />

average/����������������<br />

���������� mean (���)�<br />

average deviation/�����������<br />

�����������<br />

axes/�����������������<br />

����<br />

B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/�����<br />

��������������������<br />

������<br />

bar graph/���������������<br />

���<br />

M<br />

N<br />

P<br />

O<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 17 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


ase-10 system/������� 0–9 ���<br />

�������<br />

base (in numeration)/�� (����)���<br />

��������������������<br />

����<br />

���35 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/(����) ��� (�����) �<br />

��������������������<br />

��������<br />

biased sample/�������������<br />

�������<br />

binary number system/�������� 0<br />

� 1 ����������<br />

binomial/�������������<br />

���10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/�������������<br />

boundary line/�������������<br />

����������<br />

box-and-whisker plot/����������<br />

��������������� (��)�<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

break (graph)/�� (����)������<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

C<br />

capacity/�������������<br />

Celsius/����������������<br />

� 0° ������100° ���������<br />

centigrade (���)�<br />

center (of a circle)/�� (�����)���<br />

�����������������<br />

center (of dilation)/(���) �������<br />

������������<br />

center (of rotation)/(���) �������<br />

�������<br />

central angle/�������������<br />

��<br />

certain (probability)/�� (����)���<br />

������� 1�<br />

chord/������������<br />

circle/���������<br />

�������������<br />

�����<br />

circle graph/��������������<br />

��������������������<br />

����<br />

circumference/�����������<br />

clockwise/������<br />

�����������<br />

��������<br />

clustering/������<br />

�����������<br />

������<br />

���27, 29, 24 � 26 �� 25 �����<br />

coefficient/��������������<br />

��<br />

���� 5 � 5b ����<br />

combination/�������������<br />

������<br />

commission/�������������<br />

commission rate/������������<br />

����������������<br />

common denominator/���������<br />

�����������<br />

��� 5 –<br />

8 � 2 –<br />

8 ������� 8�<br />

common difference/�����������<br />

������������<br />

common factor/������������<br />

������<br />

���8 � 16 � 40 �����<br />

common multiple/�����������<br />

�������<br />

���15 � 3 � 5 �����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 18 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

C


common ratio/������������<br />

�����������������<br />

Commutative Property/�����<br />

��������������������<br />

���������������<br />

���8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

��������������������<br />

��������������<br />

���6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a<br />

compatible numbers/����������<br />

��������������<br />

compensation/�������������<br />

��������������������<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

complementary angles/���������<br />

� 90° ���<br />

composite number/������ 1 ����<br />

�����������<br />

compound event/������������<br />

����������<br />

compound inequality/���������<br />

�����������<br />

���x � �2 � x � 10, � �2 � x � 10�<br />

x ����� �2 ��� 10�<br />

compound interest/�����������<br />

�������������<br />

concave polygon/������������<br />

�� 180° �����<br />

cone/�����������������<br />

�����<br />

congruent /�������������<br />

congruent angles/�����������<br />

congruent segments/����������<br />

��<br />

constant/�����������<br />

constant of proportionality/�������<br />

����������������<br />

���5 � k, 10 � 2k � 15 � 3k<br />

convenience sample/����������<br />

������������������<br />

conversion factor/�����������<br />

��������������������<br />

� 1�����������<br />

���24 ��/1 � � 1 �/24 ��<br />

convex polygon/������������<br />

����� 180° �����<br />

coordinate plane (coordinate grid)/����<br />

� (����)���� x ��������<br />

� y ���������������<br />

coordinate/��������������<br />

����������<br />

correlation/��������������<br />

��<br />

correspondence/������������<br />

�������<br />

corresponding angles<br />

(for lines)/(���) ��<br />

������������<br />

������������<br />

� �m � �q, �n � �r,<br />

�o � �s, � �p � �t�<br />

q r<br />

s t<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

corresponding angles (in polygons)/(���<br />

�) ������������������<br />

��<br />

corresponding sides/����������<br />

����������<br />

cosine (cos)/��������������<br />

�����������<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 19 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


counterclockwise/������<br />

��������������<br />

�����<br />

counterexample/���<br />

������������<br />

cross product/�������������<br />

����������<br />

��� 2 –<br />

3 � 4 – 2<br />

6 3 � � 6 4 � � 12<br />

12<br />

cube (geometric figure)/<br />

(������) ����<br />

�����������<br />

����<br />

cube (in numeration)/�� (����)�<br />

����������<br />

cumulative frequency/����������<br />

������<br />

customary system of measurement/����<br />

�������������<br />

���inches/���feet/���miles/���<br />

ounces/���pounds/��tons/��<br />

cups/��quarts/���gallons/��<br />

cylinder/��������<br />

������������<br />

������������<br />

D<br />

decagon/�������������<br />

decimal system/����� 10 ������<br />

��<br />

deductive reasoning/����������<br />

���������<br />

degree/�������������<br />

denominator/�������������<br />

���������<br />

��� 3 –<br />

4 ��<br />

Density property of real numbers/����<br />

��������������������<br />

��������<br />

dependent events/������������<br />

��������������������<br />

diagonal/���������������<br />

����������<br />

diameter/���������������<br />

���������������<br />

difference/��������������<br />

��<br />

dilation/���������������<br />

��<br />

dimension/��������������<br />

direct variation/������������<br />

��������������<br />

discount/������������<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/���������������<br />

��������������������<br />

��������������������<br />

����<br />

��� 5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) � (5 � 1)<br />

dividend/��������������<br />

��� � 8 � 4 � 2��8 �����<br />

divisible/���������������<br />

���<br />

Division Property of Equality/������<br />

��������������������<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

divisor/����������������<br />

��<br />

��� � 8 � 4 � 2��4 ����<br />

dodecahedron/������������<br />

��<br />

domain/����������������<br />

���<br />

double-bar graph/�����������<br />

�������<br />

double-line graph/�����������<br />

����������������<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 20 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


E<br />

edge/��������<br />

������<br />

elements/������<br />

����������<br />

empirical probability/��������<br />

experimental probability (����)�<br />

empty set/��������������<br />

endpoint/��������������<br />

enlargement/��������������<br />

���<br />

equally likely outcomes/���������<br />

��������<br />

equation/���������������<br />

���<br />

equilateral triangle/�����������<br />

������<br />

equivalent/���������<br />

equivalent fractions/����������<br />

��������<br />

equivalent ratios/������������<br />

��<br />

estimate/���������������<br />

��������������������<br />

�������������������<br />

evaluate/����������������<br />

even number/������ 2 �����<br />

��<br />

event/�����������������<br />

���<br />

expanded form/������������<br />

��������<br />

��� 236,536 ������ 200,000 �<br />

30,000 � 6,000 � 500 � 30 � 6�<br />

experiment (probability)/(����) ���<br />

��������� (�����)�<br />

experimental probability/��������<br />

��������������������<br />

exponent/���������������<br />

����<br />

��� 2 3 � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; 3 ����<br />

exponential decay/��������� f(x)<br />

������ x �������������<br />

��<br />

exponential form/�����������<br />

�������������<br />

��� 4 2 � 4 � 4 ������<br />

exponential function/����������<br />

����������<br />

exponential growth/��������� f(x)<br />

����� x ��������������<br />

���<br />

expression/���������������<br />

�������<br />

extrapolation/�������������<br />

����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 21 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

F<br />

face/�����������<br />

factor/�����������������<br />

��<br />

factor tree/���������������<br />

��������<br />

factorial/���������������<br />

�����������<br />

���4 �� � 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1�0! ���<br />

� 1�<br />

Fahrenheit/���� 32°F �������<br />

212°F �������������<br />

fair/�����������������<br />

������������<br />

fair games/���������������<br />

��������������<br />

favorable outcome/�����������<br />

������<br />

Fibonacci sequence/����������<br />

���� (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,…); �����<br />

��������������������<br />

������������� (Leonardo<br />

Fibonacci) ���


first differences/������������<br />

�����������<br />

first quartile/��������������<br />

����������� lower quartile (��<br />

���)�<br />

formula/����������������<br />

���<br />

��� A � lw<br />

fractal/����������������<br />

�������������������<br />

fraction/���� a – b �������b � 0�<br />

frequency table/������������<br />

�����������<br />

front-end estimation/����������<br />

�������������������<br />

���������<br />

function/��������������<br />

��������������������<br />

����<br />

function notation/�����������<br />

����<br />

��� y � 3x 2 f(x) � 3x 2 ; f(x) ���<br />

“f of x”�<br />

function table/�������������<br />

��<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle/����<br />

���������� m ��������<br />

��������������� n ���<br />

�������������� m � n ��<br />

�����<br />

G<br />

geometric probability/���������<br />

�������������<br />

geometric sequence/����������<br />

�������������������<br />

Golden Ratio/��������� 1.618 �<br />

��������������������<br />

���� 1.618�<br />

graph of an equation/����������<br />

���������������<br />

great circle/��������������<br />

�����������<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/������<br />

�����������������<br />

H<br />

height/�<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

��������������������<br />

hemisphere/���������<br />

heptagon/�������������<br />

hexagon/�������������<br />

histogram/���������������<br />

�������<br />

horizon line/��������������<br />

���<br />

hypotenuse/��������������<br />

���<br />

I<br />

icosahedron/��������������<br />

Identity Property of One/��������<br />

�������� 1 ����������<br />

�������<br />

Identity Property of Zero/��������<br />

�������� 0 ����������<br />

�������<br />

if-then statement/�� – ��������<br />

(if) �� (then) ������������<br />

�����<br />

��� ����������������<br />

����������������<br />

������<br />

image/������������<br />

impossible (probability)/(����) ��<br />

������������ 0�<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 22 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


improper fraction/�����������<br />

������<br />

��� 5 – 5 , 5 – 3<br />

independent events/����������<br />

����������������<br />

indirect measurement/���������<br />

���������������<br />

inductive reasoning/����������<br />

������<br />

inequality/���������������<br />

�����<br />

��� 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

input/�����������������<br />

integers/���������������<br />

interest/����������������<br />

interior angles/�����<br />

������������<br />

������� �c, �d,<br />

�e, � �f �����<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

interquartile range/�����������<br />

�����������������<br />

intersecting lines/�����������<br />

���<br />

intersection (sets)/�����������<br />

������<br />

interval/����������������<br />

�����<br />

inverse operations/�����������<br />

���������������<br />

inverse variation/������������<br />

��������������������<br />

��������<br />

irrational number/�����������<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

isolate the variable/�����������<br />

��������������������<br />

�����<br />

isometric drawing/�����������<br />

���������������<br />

isosceles triangle/������������<br />

�������<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 23 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

K<br />

kite/����������������<br />

lateral face/��������������<br />

������<br />

L<br />

lateral surface/�������������<br />

��������������������<br />

least common denominator (LCD)/����<br />

������������������<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/������<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

legs/������������������<br />

������������<br />

like fractions/�������������<br />

��<br />

��� 5 ––<br />

12 � 3 ––<br />

12 ������<br />

like terms/���������������<br />

�����������<br />

��� ���� 3a � 5b � 12a,<br />

3a � 12a �����<br />

line/������������������<br />

line graph/���������������<br />

�����<br />

line of best fit/�������������<br />

���������<br />

line plot/����������������<br />

��<br />

line segment/�������������<br />

��<br />

line of reflection/������������<br />

������������


line of symmetry/������������<br />

������<br />

line symmetry/�������������<br />

��������������<br />

linear equation/������������<br />

���������������<br />

linear function/�������������<br />

�����<br />

linear inequality/�������� �, �, �<br />

� � �����������������<br />

��<br />

lower extreme/�������������<br />

��<br />

lower quartile/�������������<br />

����������� first quartile (��<br />

����)�<br />

M<br />

mean/�����������������<br />

��������� average (��)�<br />

measure of central tendency/�������<br />

�����������������<br />

��������������������<br />

�����<br />

median/����������������<br />

������������ (��)�<br />

metric system of measurement/�����<br />

��������������������<br />

�����<br />

��� Centimeters/���meters/���<br />

kilometers/���gram/��<br />

kilograms/���milliliters/���<br />

liters/�����������<br />

midpoint/���������������<br />

�����<br />

mixed number/�������������<br />

��������<br />

mode/�����������������<br />

��������������������<br />

�����������<br />

monomial/��������������<br />

��<br />

��� n,5n 2 ,8,�3<br />

Multiplication Property of Equality/���<br />

��������������������<br />

�������������������<br />

��<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/�����<br />

�������������� a ���<br />

a � 0 � 0 � 0 � a � 0�<br />

multiplicative inverse/����������<br />

�������� 1���� reciprocal (�<br />

�)�<br />

��� 4 – 5 ������ 5 – 4 �<br />

multiple/���������������<br />

���������<br />

mutually exclusive/�����������<br />

��������������������<br />

�����<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/����������<br />

��������������������<br />

������������<br />

negative integer/�����������<br />

net/����������� (��) ���<br />

no correlation/�������������<br />

���������������<br />

nonlinear function/�����������<br />

����������<br />

nonterminating decimal/��������<br />

�����<br />

numerator/��������������<br />

������������<br />

��� 4 – ��<br />

5<br />

numerical expression/����������<br />

�����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 24 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


O<br />

obtuse angle/����� 90° ��� 180° �<br />

��<br />

obtuse triangle/������������<br />

�����<br />

octagon/�������������<br />

octahedron/������������<br />

odd number/������� 2 �����<br />

��<br />

odds/�����������������<br />

��<br />

odds against/��������������<br />

�����<br />

odds in favor/�������������<br />

������<br />

opposites/���������������<br />

��������� additive inverse (���<br />

�)�<br />

order of operations/����������<br />

��������������������<br />

�������������������<br />

������������������<br />

ordered pair/��������������<br />

����������<br />

origin/��������� x �� y ���<br />

���(0, 0)�<br />

orthographic drawing/��������<br />

�������������������<br />

outcome (probability)/(����) ����<br />

������������<br />

outlier/����������������<br />

�����������<br />

output/����������������<br />

����������<br />

overestimate/�������������<br />

���<br />

P<br />

parabola/������������<br />

parallel lines/�������������<br />

��<br />

parallelogram/�������������<br />

����<br />

Pascal’s triangle/������������<br />

����������� 1 �������<br />

����������������<br />

pentagon/�������������<br />

percent/�������� 100 ����<br />

��� 45% � 45 –––<br />

100<br />

percent of change/�����������<br />

��������������<br />

percent of decrease/�����������<br />

��������<br />

percent of increase/�����������<br />

��������<br />

perfect square/������������<br />

��� 5 � 5 � 25, 7 2 � 49; 25 � 49 ���<br />

���<br />

perimeter/������������<br />

permutation/��������������<br />

������<br />

perpendicular bisector/���������<br />

��������������<br />

perpendicular lines/���<br />

���������<br />

perspective/������<br />

�����������<br />

��������<br />

pi (�)/���(�)������������<br />

� � 3.14 � 22 ––<br />

7 �<br />

plane/�������������<br />

Platonic solids/�������������<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

point/�������������<br />

point-slope form/�����������<br />

y � y 1 � m(x � x 1 ), ������� m ��<br />

��� (x 1 , y 1 ) �������<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 25 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


point symmetry/������������<br />

�� 180° ��������������<br />

��<br />

polygon/����������������<br />

����� (��) ����������<br />

polyhedron/��������������<br />

����<br />

polynomial/��������������<br />

���������<br />

population/��������������<br />

����<br />

positive correlation/����������<br />

���������������<br />

positive integer/�����������<br />

power/����������������<br />

���<br />

��� 2 3 � 8, �� 8 � 2 � 3 ���<br />

precision/���������������<br />

�����<br />

prediction/��������������<br />

��<br />

prime factorization/����������<br />

���������<br />

��� 10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 2 3 � 3<br />

prime number/����� 1 ������<br />

�� (1 �����) �����<br />

principal/��������������<br />

principal square root/����������<br />

�������<br />

��� � � 25 � 5� 5 ������<br />

prism/�����������������<br />

���������������<br />

probability/���� 0 � 1 ����� 0%<br />

� 100%����������������<br />

product/���������������<br />

��<br />

proper fraction/������������<br />

��<br />

��� 3 – 4 , 1 ––<br />

12 , 7 – 8<br />

proportion/��������������<br />

���<br />

protractor/��������������<br />

pyramid/���������<br />

�������������<br />

������������<br />

��<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/���������<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/���x �� y ��������<br />

����������������<br />

quadratic equation/�������<br />

ax 2 � bx � c � 0 ��������� a � 0�<br />

quadratic function/������<br />

y � ax 2 � bx � c �������� a � 0�<br />

��� y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y � �3x 2<br />

quadrilateral/�������������<br />

quarterly/��������<br />

quartile/���������������<br />

�������������� first quartile<br />

(������)�third quartile (�����<br />

�)�<br />

quotient/����������������<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/�������������<br />

�������� � � �<br />

radius/��������<br />

�����������<br />

�����������<br />

��<br />

random numbers/����������<br />

����������������<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 26 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


andom sample/������������<br />

��������������������<br />

range (in statistics)/(����) ������<br />

����������������<br />

range (in a function)/(����) �����<br />

�����������<br />

rate/�����������������<br />

��������<br />

��� �������� 55 ���<br />

� 55 mi/h�<br />

rate of interest/�������������<br />

������� simple interest (��)�<br />

ratio/�������������<br />

��� 12 � 25, 12:25, 12 ––<br />

25<br />

rational number/������������<br />

������������<br />

���6 ����� 6 –<br />

1� 0.5 ����� 1 –<br />

2� ray/������������������<br />

������<br />

real number/�����������<br />

reciprocal/������ 1 �������<br />

������� multiplicative inverse (���<br />

�)�<br />

��� 2 – 3 ���� 3 – 2 �n ���� 1 – n �<br />

rectangle/���������������<br />

rectangular prism/<br />

����������<br />

����������<br />

�������<br />

reduction/�����������<br />

reflection/���������������<br />

����<br />

regular pyramid/������������<br />

�������������<br />

regular polygon/������������<br />

������<br />

regular tessellation/�����������<br />

����<br />

relatively prime/������������<br />

���� (GCF) � 1�����������<br />

��� 7 � 15 ����<br />

repeating decimal/����������<br />

���������������<br />

��� 0.757575… � 0. ––<br />

75<br />

rhombus/����������������<br />

right angle/������ 90°�<br />

right cylinder/�������������<br />

������������<br />

right cone/���������������<br />

���� (��) ����������<br />

right triangle/�������������<br />

��<br />

rise<br />

rise/������������ run<br />

(���<br />

“rise over run”) �������<br />

rotation/����������������<br />

��<br />

rotational symmetry/����������<br />

��������� 360° ��������<br />

�����������<br />

rounding/���������������<br />

���������������<br />

��� 2,354 �����������<br />

2,000, 2,354 �����������<br />

2,400�<br />

rise<br />

run/������������ run ����<br />

“rise over run”��������<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 27 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

S<br />

sales tax/����������������<br />

�����������<br />

sample/����������<br />

sample space/�������������<br />

�����<br />

scale/����������������<br />

scale drawing/�������������<br />

����� (��) ��� (��) ����<br />

scale factor/��������������<br />

������<br />

scale model/��������������<br />

����


scalene triangle/������������<br />

�����<br />

scatter plot/��������������<br />

�������������<br />

scientific notation/������� 10 ��<br />

��������������<br />

second differences/�����������<br />

������������<br />

second quartile/������������<br />

������<br />

sector/�����������������<br />

��������<br />

sector (data)/(���) ���������<br />

���������<br />

segment/��������������<br />

semiregular tessellation/���������<br />

��������������������<br />

����������<br />

sequence/��������������<br />

set/�������<br />

side/������������������<br />

��������<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/���������<br />

��������������������<br />

�������������������<br />

���������������<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/����������<br />

��������������������<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

significant digits/������������<br />

��� (��)�<br />

similar/����������������<br />

�������������<br />

simple interest/�������������<br />

��������� I � prt ���p ���<br />

��r �����t �����<br />

simplest form/�������������<br />

� 1 ����������������<br />

simplify/����������������<br />

���<br />

simulation/��������������<br />

�������������<br />

sine (sin)/���������������<br />

����������<br />

skew lines/���������������<br />

���������<br />

slant height/��������������<br />

������<br />

slope/�����������������<br />

�����<br />

slope-intercept form/����� y � mx � b,<br />

�����������m �����b ��<br />

y ���<br />

solid figure/������������<br />

solution of an equation/���������<br />

�����������<br />

solution of an inequality/��������<br />

������������<br />

solution of a system of equations/����<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

solution set/���������������<br />

solve/�����������<br />

space figure/������������<br />

sphere/����������������<br />

����<br />

square (geometry)/(����) ������<br />

�������<br />

square (numeration)/�� (����)���<br />

��������<br />

��� 5 2 �� 5 ����<br />

square number/������������<br />

����<br />

��� 25 �������5 � 5 � 25<br />

square root/��������������<br />

����<br />

���16 � 4 � 4, � 16 � �4 � �4, �� 4<br />

� �4 � 16 �����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 28 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


standard form (in numeration)/����<br />

(����)����������<br />

��� ������������ 5,210�<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/�����������<br />

������������<br />

straight angle/������ 180° ���<br />

stratified sample/������������<br />

����<br />

subset/��������������<br />

substitute/���������������<br />

�����������<br />

Subtraction Property of Equality/����<br />

��������������������<br />

��������������������<br />

sum/�����������������<br />

supplementary angles/��������<br />

180° �����<br />

surface area/��������������<br />

������<br />

system of equations/����������<br />

���������������<br />

system of linear equations/��������<br />

��������������������<br />

����<br />

systematic sample/�����������<br />

��������<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/�������������<br />

���������������<br />

tangent (to a circle)/(���) ������<br />

����������<br />

term (in an expression)/(�����) ���<br />

�����������<br />

��� 5x 2 ���������� �10 ��<br />

��������x � 1 �����<br />

������<br />

term (in a sequence)/(����) �����<br />

��������<br />

terminating decimal/����������<br />

�����<br />

��� 6.75<br />

tessellation/��������������<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

tetrahedron/������������<br />

theoretical probability/����������<br />

��������������������<br />

third quartile/�������������<br />

������������ upper quartile (�<br />

����)�<br />

tip/������������������<br />

���������<br />

transformation/������������<br />

��<br />

translation/����������� (��)�<br />

transversal/���������������<br />

trapezoid/���������������<br />

tree diagram/��������������<br />

�����������<br />

trial/�����������������<br />

��<br />

triangle/�������������<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/���������<br />

������������� 180°�<br />

triangular prism/<br />

���������<br />

���������<br />

��������<br />

trigonometric ratios/����������<br />

��������������������<br />

��<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 29 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

U<br />

unbiased sample/������������<br />

��������������������<br />

���<br />

underestimate/�������������<br />

���


union/�����������������<br />

���<br />

unit conversion/������������<br />

�����������<br />

unit conversion factor/���������<br />

��������������������<br />

��������<br />

60 �� 1 ��<br />

��� �<br />

1 �� 60 ��<br />

unit price/���������������<br />

��<br />

unit rate/���������������<br />

����������<br />

��� ��� 10 cm<br />

unlike fractions/������������<br />

���<br />

��� 3 – 4 � 1 – 2 �������<br />

upper extreme/�������������<br />

��<br />

upper quartile/�������������<br />

����������� third quartile (��<br />

����)�<br />

V<br />

vanishing point/������������<br />

�����������<br />

variability/���������������<br />

���<br />

variable/���������������<br />

Venn diagram/�������������<br />

��������<br />

verbal expression/������������<br />

vertex/�����������������<br />

��������������������<br />

����������<br />

vertical angles/���<br />

����������<br />

��������<br />

�a � �c �����<br />

�b � �d ������<br />

volume/����������������<br />

�����<br />

a<br />

b<br />

d<br />

c<br />

W<br />

withholding tax/������������<br />

��������������<br />

X<br />

x-axis/x ������������<br />

x-coordinate/x �������������<br />

���� (0, 0) ����������<br />

��� � (5, 3) � x ��� 5�<br />

x-intercept/x ����������� x �<br />

��� x ���<br />

Y<br />

y-axis/y ������������<br />

y-coordinate/y �������������<br />

���� (0, 0) ����������<br />

��� � (5, 3) � y ��� 3�<br />

y-intercept/y ����������� y �<br />

��� y ���<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/���������������<br />

�� 0�<br />

��� 18 � –18<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 30 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


: ����� ������ ������ /alternate interior angles<br />

������ �� �� �� ����� ��� ��<br />

r s �� ����<br />

��� ����� �� �� �<br />

t v �r ����� ������ ������ �������<br />

. ����� �� �t � �s � �v �<br />

���� �� ��� ��)<br />

����� ����� : ������ /altitude<br />

����� ����� �� ������� �� ��� ��<br />

.( ��� ����� ��<br />

������<br />

���� �� �� ���� �� �� �� ���� : ����� /angle<br />

. ��� ��� ����� ��� ���� �����<br />

M<br />

N<br />

P<br />

O<br />

�� : ����� ������<br />

/angle bisector<br />

�� ����� �� �� ���� ��� ����� ���<br />

. ��� �� ����� ������ ����� �� ��<br />

: ����� -���<br />

-�����<br />

/Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)<br />

���� ��� � ����� �� ��� ���� �� ����� �� �� �����<br />

���� ���� ��� ���� ��� � ����� �� �� ���� �� ���<br />

. ����� �� ����������<br />

�� ������ �� ������ ������<br />

������ ���� ������ �� ����� �� �� ����� : ����� /arc<br />

. ��� ����� ��� ��<br />

������� ���� �� ����� ������� ����� : ����� /area<br />

. ��� ��� ��� ���� ��� ��<br />

���� �� : ����� ������ /arithmetic sequence<br />

�� �� �� ��� ���� ����� ����� �� �� �� ����� ����<br />

. ���� �� ����� �����<br />

: ����� ���� ����� /Associative Property<br />

����� ����� ���� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ���<br />

����� ����� ���� ���� �� ���� ���� �c<br />

� �b<br />

�a<br />

�����<br />

: ��� ����� �����<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

�����<br />

����� ���� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ���<br />

���� ����� ���� ���� �� ���� ���� � c ��b<br />

�a<br />

�����<br />

: ���� �� ����� ���<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

�� ��� �� �� ��������� : �������� /asymmetry<br />

. ������ ��� . ����� ��<br />

����� �� �� �� ���� ������ �� ��� : ������� /average<br />

����� ��� �����<br />

�� ���� ������ �� �����<br />

. ��� �� ������ ��� ( ����� ��)<br />

mean<br />

������� : ������� �� ������ /average deviation<br />

. ��� ����� �� �� ���� �� ����� �� �� �����<br />

������ ���� �� �� ����� �� �� : ������ /axes<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� ������ ���� �� ��<br />

A<br />

�� ��� �� ����� : ���� ����/absolute<br />

value<br />

�� ���� ���� � � ���� �� ������<br />

�� �� ��� �� ���<br />

. ���<br />

� �5 � � 5 : ����<br />

����� �� � ������ �� ������ : ���� ���� /accuracy<br />

. ����� ����� �� � ������ �� ��� ����<br />

��� �� ������ �� �� ����� : ���� �����<br />

/acute angle<br />

. ��� 90°<br />

��� ������ �� ����� : ���� ���� /acute triangle<br />

. �����<br />

�� 90° ��� �� ������<br />

��� ��� �� �� �� �� ���� : ����� ��� /addend<br />

���� . ���� �� �����<br />

�� �����<br />

�� ��� ����� ����<br />

����� ��� 7��6<br />

� 4 � 4 � 6 � 7 ����� �� �����<br />

. ����� ��<br />

��� ����� /Addition Property of Equality<br />

��� �� ��� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ������ ����<br />

������ ����� ����� ������ �� ��� �� �� �� �� ����<br />

. ���� ����� �� ���� ���� ����<br />

��� ����� /Addition Property of Opposites<br />

��� �� ��� ������ ����� �� ������ : �� ����� ����<br />

. ���� �� ��� ����� ������ �<br />

12 � (�12) � 0 : ����<br />

. ��� �� ����� : ���� ����� /additive inverse<br />

. ���� �� �6 �6<br />

���� ����� : ����<br />

a<br />

b<br />

: ����� ������ /adjacent angles<br />

�� ������ ���� �����������<br />

����� ��� �� � ����� ���<br />

. �����<br />

�� ������ : ���� ����� /algebraic expression<br />

. ���� �� ����� �� ����� ����<br />

x � 8; 4(m � b) : ����<br />

�� : ���� �������� /algebraic inequality<br />

. ���� ����� �� ����� ���� �� ��������<br />

x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3 : ����<br />

: ����� ������ ������ /alternate exterior angles<br />

a b<br />

������ �� �� �� ����� ��� ��<br />

�� ���� ��� ����� �� �� �<br />

����� ������ ������ �������<br />

c d<br />

�� �c � �b � �d � �a<br />

. �����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 31 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


C<br />

�� ��� �� ����� �� �� ������ : ������ /capacity<br />

. ���� ��� �����<br />

������ ���� ���� ����� �� : ��������� /Celsius<br />

100°C � ���� �� ������ ���� 0°C �� ����� ����<br />

. centigrade ���� �� �� ���� ����<br />

�� ���� :( ����� ��)<br />

���� /center (of a circle)<br />

����� �� ����� ��� �� ���� ���� �� �� ����� �� ����<br />

. ���� �� �����<br />

����� ���� :( �����)<br />

�� �� ���� :( ����)<br />

���� /center (of dilation)<br />

. ����� �� �� ����� ��� ����<br />

���� /center (of rotation)<br />

. ���� �� �� ��� �� ��� ��<br />

�� ���� �� �� ����� : ����� ����� /central angle<br />

. ���� ���� ����� �� ����<br />

�� ����� ����� :( ������)<br />

���� /certain (probability)<br />

. ���� 1 ������ ����� �����<br />

��� �� �� ������<br />

���� �� �� ���� ��<br />

C<br />

: ��� /chord<br />

. ��� ����� ��<br />

�� �� ���� ���� ������ : ����� /circle<br />

�� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� �� �� �� ���<br />

. ����� �� ����� ��<br />

���� ���� �� ������ �� : ����� ������ /circle graph<br />

�� ����� � �� �� ����� ������ ���� �� ����� �� ��<br />

. ��� �� ���� ���� �����<br />

. ����� �� ��� ����� : ������� /circumference<br />

�� : ���� ����� ��� /clockwise<br />

���� �� ���� ��� �� ������ ����<br />

. ��� ���� ���� ��<br />

���� �� ���� : ������� /clustering<br />

�� ������ ��� ������� ��� �� ���� ����� �� �����<br />

. ����� ����� ����� �� �����<br />

����� ������� 25 �� ��� 26 � 24 �29<br />

�27<br />

: ����<br />

����� �� ����� �� �� �� ���� : ���� /coefficient<br />

. ��� �� ��� ����<br />

. ���� �� ���� 5 ��� 5b �� : ����<br />

�������� ��� ���� ���� ���� : ����� /combination<br />

. ���� ��� ����� ��������<br />

��� �� �� �� ������� : ������ /commission<br />

. ��� �� ������ ���� ����<br />

B<br />

��� ������<br />

/back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot<br />

���� �� �� ���� � ���� ������ : ��� � ���� ��� ��<br />

������ � ���� �� ��� �� �� ���� ������ �� ����<br />

�� ���� ������ �� ����� ���� ��� �� ���� ��� ����<br />

. ��� �� ������ ������ �� ��<br />

���� �� �� ������� : ��� ������ /bar graph<br />

. ��� �� ������� �� ���� ����� ���� ���� ��� �����<br />

����� �� : 10 ������� ����� /base-10 system<br />

���� 9 �� 0 ��� ����� �� ������� �� ����� ��� �� ����<br />

. ���� ��<br />

:( ����� ��)<br />

����<br />

/base (in numeration)<br />

�� ��� ���� ���� ������ ���� �� ��� �� ��������<br />

. ����<br />

���� ���� ������<br />

3 : ����<br />

5 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

: ( ���� �� ��� ��� ���� ��� ��)<br />

����� /figure)<br />

��� �� ���� �� ��� �� ��� ����� ��� �� ���<br />

. ��� �� ���� ���� �� � ��� ���� ������ �� ������<br />

�� �����<br />

�������<br />

�� �����<br />

�����<br />

�� �����<br />

�����<br />

�� �����<br />

���<br />

�� ���� �� �� ����� : ���� ����� /biased sample<br />

. ��� ��� ���� �� �����<br />

������<br />

�� : ������ ����� ������ /binary number system<br />

�� �� ������� �� ��� ����� ��� �� �� �� ����� ������<br />

. ��� ��� ���� ����� 1 � 0 ������<br />

. ����� �� �� �� ���� ��� �� : �� ���� �� /binomial<br />

10 � m; 3y � 2 : ����<br />

. ���������<br />

������ ��� �� �� : ���� ������ /bisect<br />

�� �� ����� ������ : ���� �� /boundary line<br />

. ����� �� ����� ������ �� ��� �������� �� ���<br />

���� � ���� ������ /box-and-whisker plot<br />

�� �� ���� ������ ���� ����� � ������� �� �������<br />

� ���� ����� �� �� ���� ��� ��� �� ����� �����<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� ����� �<br />

�� ������ �� :( ������)<br />

������<br />

/break (graph)<br />

��� ������<br />

�� ������ �� ����� ��� ���� ����� ���<br />

. ���� �� ����� ��� �� ����� ����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 32 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


����� : ���� �������� /compound inequality<br />

. �������� �� �� �����<br />

�2 � x � 10 �� �x<br />

� 10 �� x � �2 : ����<br />

. ���� �� 10 �� ���� � �2 ����� ��� ������ x<br />

��� ���� ���� : ���� ���� /compound interest<br />

������ ��� ���� ���� � ��� ��� ��� �� ��� ������<br />

. ���� ���<br />

������� �� : ���� ������� /concave polygon<br />

. ���� �� 180° �� ������ �� ����� ����� �� ����� ��<br />

�� � ���� �� �� ���� �� ��� �� : ����� /cone<br />

. ����� ��� �� �����<br />

. ����� ��� � ������ ����� : ������<br />

�� ������� : ������ ������<br />

���� : ������ ��� ����<br />

/congruent<br />

/congruent angles<br />

. ����� �����<br />

������<br />

/congruent segments<br />

. ����� ����� ��� �� ����<br />

. ��� ��� ����� �� ����� �� : ���� �����<br />

/constant<br />

: ����� ���� ����� /constant of proportionality<br />

. ��� ������ ���� ���� �� ����� �� ���� ����<br />

15 � 3k � 10 � 2k � 5 � k : ����<br />

���� : ���� ���� ����� /convenience sample<br />

����� �� �������� ������ �� ����� ����� ����� ����<br />

. ���� ���� ����� ����� ����� �� ����� ��<br />

�� ���� ��� �� : ����� ����/conversion<br />

factor<br />

��� ���� �� ���� �� ����� �� ���� ���� � ����<br />

���� 1 ����� ����<br />

��� ����� �� ���� ����� �������<br />

. ��� ����� ���� � ���� ���<br />

24<br />

���� 1<br />

���<br />

�<br />

���<br />

����<br />

1<br />

24<br />

: ����<br />

������� �� : ���� ������� /convex polygon<br />

�� 180° ����� �� � ������ �� ����� ������ ��� ��<br />

. �����<br />

�� �� �� ������� : ������ ��� /commission rate<br />

���� ����� �� ��� �� ������ ���� ���� ���<br />

. ��� ����� ���� ����<br />

�� : ����� ���� /common denominator<br />

. ��� ����� ����� ��� ��� �� �� �� ����<br />

. ���� ��<br />

8 ���<br />

����� ���� : ����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 33 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

2<br />

8<br />

�� ����� ����� : ���� ��� /common difference<br />

. ����� ����� �� �� ������ ���� �� �� ��<br />

�� ���� �� ���� : ����� ���� /common factor<br />

. ���� ��� ��� ���<br />

. ��� 40 � 16 ���� 8 : ����<br />

�<br />

�� ���� : ����� ���� /common multiple<br />

. ���� ��� ��� ��� �� �� �� �� ����<br />

. ��� 5 � 3 ����� ���� 15 : ����<br />

������ ������ �� �� : ����� ���� /common ratio<br />

���� ����� �� ��� �� ��� �� �� ����� �� �� �����<br />

. ��� ����� ��<br />

��� : ����� ����� /Commutative Property<br />

������ �� ��� ��� ��� �� ���� �� ����� �� ������<br />

. ����� ��� �� �� ������<br />

��� ������ �� ����� ����<br />

8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a : ����<br />

�� ��� ��� ��� �� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ���<br />

��� �� �� ������ ��� ������ �� ����� ���� ������<br />

. �����<br />

5<br />

8<br />

6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a : ����<br />

�� ������ : ������ ����� /compatible numbers<br />

������ �� ����� ����� ��� ���� ����� �� ���� �������<br />

. ���� ������ �� ���� ������ ��<br />

�� ������ �� �� �������� : ����� /compensation<br />

���� ������ ���� �� ��� ����� ��� �� ����� ���<br />

�� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ������ ��� ������ ����<br />

�� ����� ����<br />

�� �� ���� �� �� � ����� �� ��� . ���<br />

. ���<br />

�� ����� �� : ���� ������<br />

/complementary angles<br />

. ��� 90° ���� ������ �����<br />

������ �� ���� : ���� ��� /composite number<br />

. ���� ����� ���� ���� �� �� ����� � ���� 1 ��<br />

�� �� ������ �� : ���� ������ /compound event<br />

.<br />

��� ��� ����� ���� ����� ��� ��� ��


:( ����� ���)<br />

���� /cube (geometric figure)<br />

��� �� �� ���� ���� ����� ��<br />

. ��� ���� ������<br />

�� ���� /cube (in numeration)<br />

�� ���� �� �� ��� �� :( ������ ��)<br />

. ��� �����<br />

���� ���<br />

: �������� ������� /cumulative frequency<br />

. ������ ��� ����<br />

����� /customary system of measurement<br />

�� ���� �� ���� ������ ����� : ���� ������ �����<br />

����� ����� ���� ����� : ������� �� ���� ����� �����<br />

. ���� ������ ������ ��� �����<br />

�� �� ���� �� ��� �� : ������� /cylinder<br />

�� ���� �� ������ ��� ����� ������ �����<br />

. ��� ��� ��� ����� ����� ���<br />

D<br />

. ���� ��� �� �� ���� ��� �� : ���� ��<br />

/decagon<br />

����� �� : ������ ����� /decimal system<br />

.10 ���� ���� �� ��������<br />

�� ������� : ����� ������ /deductive reasoning<br />

. ����<br />

�� ���� ����� �� ����� ���� ���� �� ����<br />

. ��� ��� ����� ���� ���� ���� : ����<br />

/degree<br />

�� ��� �� ����� ����� : ���� /denominator<br />

���� ����� ���� ��� ���� ����� �� ��� �� ����<br />

����<br />

4 3<br />

: ����<br />

����<br />

����� /Density property of real numbers<br />

�� ��� ����<br />

�� ����� �� ������ : ����� ����� �����<br />

. ���� ���� ���� ����� ��� �� ����� ������ ��� ��<br />

���������� : ������ ��������� /dependent events<br />

��� ��� ����� ����� ��� �� ��� ����� ����� ���� �� ��<br />

. ����� ��<br />

�������� ��� �� �� �� ���� �� : ��� /diagonal<br />

. ��� �� ��� ������� �� ������� ��<br />

����� ���� �� �� �� ���� �� : ����� ��� /diameter<br />

�� ��� ��� ���� ����� ��� �� �� ������ ���� � �����<br />

. �� ����<br />

�� ��� �� ������� ����� ���� : ����� /difference<br />

. ��� �� ��� ���� ���<br />

���� ������ �� ��� �� �� ������ : ����� /dilation<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� �<br />

����)<br />

������ ���� /coordinate plane<br />

��������<br />

����� �� �� �� �� �� ���� :( ������<br />

y ���� ���� ��� ����� ����� �� �� � x ���� ����<br />

. ��� ��� �����<br />

II<br />

III<br />

���<br />

���<br />

y ����<br />

I<br />

���<br />

IV<br />

���<br />

x����<br />

�� ��� ��� �� ����� �� ��� : ���� /coordinate<br />

���� ������ ������ �� ��� �� �� ���� �� ������<br />

. ��� ��<br />

�� ����� ����� ����� : ������� /correlation<br />

. �� ���� ������<br />

��� ��� �� �����<br />

�����<br />

: ����� /correspondence<br />

. ������� ������ �� �� ���<br />

������ ������ corresponding angles/(for lines)<br />

������� �� �� �� �� ����� ��� �� :( ���� ����)<br />

m n ������� �� . ��� ��� ����� �� ��<br />

o p � �q � �m ������ ����� ��<br />

q r � �p ���s<br />

� �o ��r<br />

� �n<br />

s t<br />

. ����� �� �t<br />

������ /corresponding angles (in polygons)<br />

������� �� �� ����� ������ :( ������� ��)<br />

������<br />

. ����� ���<br />

����� ���� : ������ ����<br />

/corresponding sides<br />

. ����� ��� ������� �� ��<br />

������ ���� �� �� : (cos) ������� /cosine (cos)<br />

. ��� ��� �� ���� ����� �� �� ����� ��� ��� ����<br />

��� ��� /counterclockwise<br />

�� ������ ���� �� : ���� �����<br />

. ��� ���� ���� �� ���� �� �� ���<br />

: ����� ���� /counterexample<br />

����� �� ��� �� ���� �� ���� ��<br />

. ��� ������<br />

��� ���� : ����� ��� ���� /cross product<br />

. ���� �� ������ ���� �� ������� ��� ��� �� �����<br />

2<br />

�<br />

4 2 � 6 � 12<br />

3 6 3 � 4 � 12<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 34 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

: ����


������ �� : ����� ������<br />

/empirical probability<br />

. ��� ���� �������<br />

���� �� �� ������ : ���� ������<br />

/empty set<br />

. �����<br />

���� �� ����� �� ���� �� : ������ ����<br />

/endpoint<br />

. ���� ��� ��<br />

����� ��� ������ �� ������ : ��������<br />

: ����� ������ �� �����<br />

/enlargement<br />

. ���� �� ��<br />

/equally likely outcomes<br />

. ���� ����� ������ �� ������<br />

��� �� ���� �� ����� ���� �� : ������ /equation<br />

. �����<br />

�� ����� ����� ��<br />

����� : ����� ������ ����<br />

. ����� ����� ����� : �����<br />

/equilateral triangle<br />

. ���� ������ ��� �� ��<br />

/equivalent<br />

�� ������� : ����� ������ /equivalent fractions<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� ����� ���� ��� �����<br />

�� ���� ���� : ����� ��� ���� /equivalent ratios<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� �����<br />

������<br />

���� ���� �� �� ����� �� ����� : ����� /estimate<br />

������ ����� �� ������� �������� ����� ���� �� � ����<br />

���� ����� ���� �� ���� ����� ��� �� � ������ �����<br />

. �����<br />

����� �� ���� ���� ���� : �������� /evaluate<br />

. ���� ��� ����<br />

�� �� �� ���� ��� �� : ���<br />

��� /even number<br />

. ��� ���� ���<br />

����� �� ����� ������ ��� ����� �� : ������ /event<br />

. ������ ���<br />

�� ��� �� : ������ ���� /expanded form<br />

���� ��� ���� ������ ������ ��� �����<br />

� 236,536 ������ ���� : ����<br />

200,000 � 30,000 � 6,000 � 500 � 30 � 6<br />

. ���� ��<br />

�� :( ������)<br />

����� /experiment (probability)<br />

�� �� ��� ���� ��)<br />

���� ������ ������� �� �������<br />

. ( ����<br />

���� : ������� ������ /experimental probability<br />

����� ����� �� ���� �� ����� ����� �� �� ������ �����<br />

. ��� ��� ����� ������ �� ������ ��� �������<br />

��� �� ������ ��� ��� ���� : ����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 35 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

�� ���<br />

/dimension<br />

����� �� ����� ����� : ������ ����� /direct variation<br />

�� ���� ���� ��� ������ ���� ���� �� �� ���� �� �� ��<br />

. ���<br />

. ��� �� ���� ���� �� �� ������ : �����<br />

/discount<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication<br />

����� ��� ���� ��� ����� /over Addition<br />

�� �� ����� �� ��� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ���<br />

�� ���� ������ �� �� ����� ���� ����� ��� ��� ��<br />

� ���� ��� ��� �� �� �� �� ������ �� ���� �� ���<br />

. ���� ��� �� �� �� �� ��� ���� ���<br />

5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) � (5 � 1) : ����<br />

����� �� ���� ������ ����� �� �� : ����� /dividend<br />

. ��� ��<br />

. ��� ����� 8 ��� �8<br />

� 4 � 2 �� : ����<br />

�� ���������� ������ ���� ���� : ���� ��� /divisible<br />

. ��� ����� ��� �� �� ���� ����<br />

����� ����� /Division Property of Equality<br />

��� �� �� ��� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ������<br />

����� ����� ����� ��� ��� ��� �� �� �� ������<br />

��<br />

. ���� ����� �� �� ��� ���� ���� ������<br />

�� �� ���� ������ ����� �� �� : ���� ����� /divisor<br />

. ���� �� ����� ��<br />

. ��� ���� ����� 4 ��� �8<br />

� 4 � 2 �� : ����<br />

�� ������� �� : ���� ������<br />

�� �� ����� ������ ��� ������ : ����<br />

/dodecahedron<br />

. ���� ��� ������<br />

/domain<br />

. ����<br />

������ �� : ������ ��� ������ /double-bar graph<br />

. ��� �� ������ �� ����� ��� ���� ������ �� �� ���<br />

�� ������� : ��� �� ������ /double-line graph<br />

�� ����� ��� ���� ������ �� ����� ��� �� ����<br />

. ����<br />

�� ����� ���� ����<br />

E<br />

������ �� �� ��� ���� : ��� /edge<br />

�� ����� ������� �� ��� �� ��<br />

. ����<br />

� ����� ����� : ����� /elements<br />

.<br />

������ �� �� ���� ��


������� ������ : �������� ������ /Fibonacci sequence<br />

����� ��� �� ���� �(1,<br />

1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…) �����<br />

���� ����� ����� ��� ���� ���� ��� �� ��� ���� ��<br />

�������� �������� �������� ������� ��� ��� �����<br />

. ��� ���<br />

�� �� �� ������ : ���� ��� ����� /first differences<br />

. ��� ����� ���� ���� �� ������ ���� �� �����<br />

�� �� ����� ���� ����� : ���� ����<br />

/first quartile<br />

��� ( �� ����� ����)<br />

lower quartile�<br />

�� ���� ������<br />

. ��� �� ������<br />

�� �� ���� ����� ����� �� �� ����� : ����� /formula<br />

. ��� �� ����<br />

A � lw : ����<br />

�� ������ ��� ��� �� ������� : ����� /fractal<br />

�� ��� ����<br />

���� ����� ����� �� ��� ������ ����<br />

. ����� ����� ��� ������ ������ ������<br />

a<br />

. b ≠ 0 �� �� �� �<br />

b<br />

���� �� ���� : ��� /fraction<br />

�� ���� �� ����� : ����� ���� /frequency table<br />

����� �� ����� ���� �� ������� ��� ������ ����� ����� ����<br />

. ��� �� ����<br />

��� �� : ����� ����� /front-end estimation<br />

� ��� ��� ����� ����� ����� ����� �� �� �� �����<br />

. ��� �� ����� ������� ����� �� ���� ����� ���<br />

���� �� ����� -�����<br />

����� �� : ���� /function<br />

. ���� ����� �� ������ ����� ��<br />

���� �� �� ����� : ���� ����� /function notation<br />

. ��� �� ���� ����<br />

�� �����<br />

f(x) � 3x : ����<br />

2<br />

y � 3x 2<br />

. ��� �� ������ “x �� f” ����� f(x)<br />

��� ��� �� ���� �� : ���� ���� /function table<br />

. ���� �� ���� �� ���� �� ��� �� ��� �� ����<br />

��� ����� /Fundamental Counting Principle<br />

�� ��� � �����<br />

���� ����� m ����� �� ��� : �����<br />

�����<br />

n ��� ����� �� ������� ����� ��� ����� �����<br />

m � n ����� �� ���� ������� �� ����� ����� ����<br />

. ���� ���� ���� �����<br />

G<br />

������ �� : ����� ������ /geometric probability<br />

. ����� ����� ��� ���� ������ ������ ������<br />

������ ���� ��� �� ���� �� ���� : ���� /exponent<br />

. ��� ���� ���� ������ ���� ��<br />

2 : ����<br />

3 . ��� ���� �� 3 � � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8<br />

���� �� �� ����� : ����� ���� /exponential decay<br />

�x<br />

����� ��� ������ ��� �� �� ���� �� ����� �����<br />

. ��� ������ f(x) �����<br />

��� �� ������� : �����<br />

���� /exponential form<br />

��� ����� ���� �� ���� ����� ���� �� � ���� �� ��<br />

4 : ����<br />

2<br />

. ��� 4 � 4 ���� ����� ����<br />

���� �� : ����� ���� /exponential function<br />

. ���� �� ���� �� ����� �� �� �� ������<br />

�� �� ����� : ������ ��� /exponential growth<br />

��� ������ ��� �� �� ���� �� ����� ����� ����<br />

. ��� ������ f(x) ����� �x<br />

�����<br />

���� �� ����� ���� �� : ����� /expression<br />

. ���� �� ������� ��/<br />

� ����� ����� �����<br />

�� ���� ��� ��� ����� : ������� /extrapolation<br />

. ����� ������ ������ �������� �����<br />

F<br />

. ������� ���� ���� �� : ���<br />

/face<br />

�� ��� ��� ���� ���� �� �� ���� : ���� /factor<br />

. ���� �� ��� ���� �� �����<br />

��� �� ���� �� ������� : ���� ���� /factor tree<br />

. ��� �� ����� ���� ������� �� ���� ��� �� �����<br />

���� ����� ��� ��� ���� : �������� /factorial<br />

. ����� ��� �� ����� ��� ���� �� ��� �� ����<br />

��� �� 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 � 4! � 4 �������� : ����<br />

. ���� �� 1 ����� 0! �����<br />

�� �� �� ������� ����� �� : �������� /Fahrenheit<br />

. ���� �� �� ����� ���� 212° �������������32°<br />

����� ���� ����� �� ����� ��� ��� : ������� /fair<br />

. ��� �������<br />

����� �� ��� �� ���� ������ �����<br />

���� �� �� ���� ���� : ������� ��� ���� /fair games<br />

. ����� ���� ���� ����� ���� �������� ���<br />

����� ��� �� : ����� ����� /favorable outcome<br />

. ���� �� ����� �� ���� �� �� ����� ������ ��<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 36 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


�� : �������� -���<br />

����� /if-then statement<br />

����� ���� ���� ���� �������� � ��� �� �� �����<br />

. ��� �� ������� ��� �� ���<br />

����� ����� ��� ������� �� ���� ��� ��� : ����<br />

�������� ������ ����� ����� ������ ����� ��� �<br />

. ���� �� ���� �������<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

�� ����� �� �� ���� : ����� /image<br />

. ���� ���� ����� ��������������<br />

:( ������)<br />

������� /impossible (probability)<br />

. ��� 0 ������� ������� ����� ����� ��� ����<br />

�� �� �� ���� : ����� ��� /improper fraction<br />

. ��� �� ����� ��� ���� ������ ���� �� ����<br />

: ����<br />

���������� : ����� ��������� /independent events<br />

��� ��� ����� ������ ��� �� ����� �� ����� ���� �� ��<br />

. �����<br />

�� : ��������� ���� ������ /indirect measurement<br />

�� ���� ���� ���� ����� ��� ���� � ����� �� �������<br />

. ������<br />

�� ������� : �������� ������ /inductive reasoning<br />

. ���� ����� ���� ���� ��<br />

����� �� ����� ���� �� : �������� /inequality<br />

. ��� �� ���� ������ ����� �� �� ������� �����<br />

5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12 : ����<br />

���� ��� ����� �� �� �� ������ : ����� /input<br />

. ��� �� �������<br />

� ���� ����� ������ : ���� �����<br />

5<br />

,<br />

3<br />

/integers<br />

. ��������<br />

������� ��� ��� ���� �� ���� ����� : ���� /interest<br />

. ��� �� ������ ��� ��<br />

��� �� ������� : ����� ������ /interior angles<br />

. ���� �� ��� ������ �� �� ������ �� �� �� ����<br />

�� ����� ������ �f ���e<br />

��d<br />

��c<br />

������� ��<br />

. �����<br />

���� ��� /interquartile range<br />

������� ����� ����� : �����<br />

. �� ���� ������ �� ������ � �����<br />

������ �� ����� : ������ ���� /intersecting lines<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� ������ ���� �� ��<br />

5<br />

5<br />

���� ���� �� : ����� ������ /geometric sequence<br />

. ���� ������ ������ ����� ����� ���� �� �� �����<br />

����� ������� �� ����� : ���� ���� /Golden Ratio<br />

�� ��� ���� ����� ������ �� �� . ���� �� 1.618<br />

. ���� �� 1.618 ������� ���<br />

������ : ������ �� ������ /graph of an equation<br />

. ����� �� ������ �� ��� �� ���� ��� ��� ������ ��<br />

��� �� ��� �� �� ����� : ����� ����� /great circle<br />

. ���� �� ��� ���� �� ��� �����<br />

���� �� ���� ��<br />

���� �������� /greatest common factor (GCF)<br />

���� ��� ��� ��� �� ����� ���� �������� : �����<br />

. ���<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 37 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

H<br />

: ������<br />

/height<br />

�� ����� �� ����� ����� ������ �� � ��� �� ��<br />

. ����� ���<br />

�� ����� �� ����� ����� ��������� ��� ���� �� ��<br />

. ����� ��� �� ���<br />

. �� ����� ����� ����� ����� �������� ��� ����� �� ��<br />

. ��� �� ��� : ��� ���<br />

. ���� ��� ������� �� : ���� ���<br />

. ���� �� ������� �� : ���� ��<br />

/hemisphere<br />

/heptagon<br />

/hexagon<br />

����� �� ��� ������ �� : ����� ������ /histogram<br />

. ��� �� ����<br />

����� ����� �� �� �� ����<br />

��� ��� �� ���� �� �� : ��� �� /horizon line<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� ������<br />

����� ��� ������ ���� �� �� : ���<br />

���� �� ���� ��� �� : ���� ����<br />

I<br />

/hypotenuse<br />

. ����� �����<br />

/icosahedron<br />

. ���<br />

: �� ������ ����� /Identity Property of One<br />

���� �� �� 1 �������<br />

���� �� ����� �� ������<br />

. ���� �� ��� ����<br />

: ��� ������ ����� /Identity Property of Zero<br />

���� ���� �� �� ��� ��� ���� �� ����� �� ������<br />

.<br />

���� �� ���


�������� /least common multiple (LCM)<br />

�� ���� �� ���� ���� �������� : ����� ����<br />

. ���� ��� ���� ��� ��� ��� �� ����<br />

���� �� ����� ������ ���� �� �� : �� ��� /legs<br />

�� �������� ������ ���� �� �� ����� �� ����� �����<br />

. ��� ����� �� ����<br />

���� �� ������� : ������ ������<br />

. ����� �� ������ ������<br />

/like fractions<br />

. ����� �����<br />

3<br />

12<br />

�<br />

5<br />

12<br />

: ����<br />

����� �� ����� ��� ���� �� : ������ ���� /like terms<br />

. ����� ������ �������������<br />

������<br />

���� 12a � 3a 3a � � 5b � 12a ����� �� : ����<br />

. ����� ������<br />

���� �� ����� ���� �� ������ ���� �� : �� /line<br />

. ��� �� ���� ����� �����<br />

����� �� �� ������ �� : ��� ������ /line graph<br />

���� �� ����� ����� �� ���� ����� ����� ���� ��<br />

. ��� �� �������<br />

�� �� ��������� : �� ���� ����� /line of best fit<br />

. ������� ������ �� ��� �� ���� ���<br />

��� ����� �� ���� �� �� : ��� ������ /line plot<br />

. ���� �� ���� �� ������ �� �����<br />

�� ����� �� �� �� ����� : �� ����<br />

/line segment<br />

. ����� ����<br />

������ �� �� ��� : ��������/line<br />

of reflection<br />

����� ������ �� �� ��� �� ������ �� ��� ��<br />

. ���� ����� �� ���� ������<br />

�� ���� “ ����”<br />

: ����� ��<br />

/line of symmetry<br />

. ��� �����<br />

����� �� ������ �� : ��� ����� /line symmetry<br />

���� ���� ����� ������ �� ��� �� ���� ��� �����<br />

. ���� �� ��<br />

�� �� �� �� ������ : ��� ������ /linear equation<br />

. ��� ������ �� �� �� �� ��� ������ ����<br />

�� ������� �� ����� : ��� ����<br />

/linear function<br />

. ��� ������ ��<br />

����� ���� �� : ��� �������� /linear inequality<br />

�� ����� ������� � ���� ������� � � � ��<br />

��<br />

�� ��<br />

. ��� ������ �� �� ����<br />

�� ���<br />

�� �� ��� ���� �� : ����� �������<br />

/lower extreme<br />

. �� ���� ������<br />

:( �� ������)<br />

����� ��� /intersection (sets)<br />

����� ����� �� ������ �� �� �� ������ ������<br />

. �����<br />

�� ��� ����� ���� ������ ��� ���� : ���� /interval<br />

. ������ �� ��� ����� ��� ���� �� �� ���<br />

�� ������ : ����� ����� /inverse operations<br />

���� ��� ������ � ��� : ���� �� ���� �� ������<br />

. �����<br />

�� �� �� ����� : ����� ����� /inverse variation<br />

����� ����� �� ������ ����� �� ����� ������ �� ��<br />

���� ������� ��� ���� ����� �� ���� ���� �����<br />

. ���<br />

���� ��� �� ���� : ��� ��� /irrational number<br />

������ ��� �� ������ ��� ���� ��� �� ���� ������<br />

. ��� ���� ����� ����� ��� ������<br />

������ �� �� : ����� ������� /isolate the variable<br />

����� �� ��� �� �� ����� ���� ��� �������� ���<br />

. ��� �� �� ������� ��� ������<br />

�� ��� �� ���� : ������ �� ��� /isometric drawing<br />

����� ������ ��� ���� ���� �� ��� �� �� ����<br />

. ��� ��� �����<br />

�� ����� : ������� ������ ���� /isosceles triangle<br />

. ���� ����� ��� �� �����<br />

K<br />

�� �� �� �������� �� :( ������� ���)<br />

���� /kite<br />

. ��� ����� ������ ���<br />

L<br />

���� ��� ����� �� �� : ����� ��� /lateral face<br />

. ���� ����� �� ����<br />

���� �������� �� �� : ����� ���� /lateral surface<br />

����� �� ��� ������ �� �� ���� ����� �� �� �����<br />

. ���� ����� �� ����� ���� ������ �� ��<br />

����<br />

�����<br />

�������� /least common denominator (LCD)<br />

��� ��� �� ����� ���� �������� : ����� ����<br />

. ����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 38 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


��� �� � ��� �� ��� ���� : ���� /multiple<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� ���� �����<br />

����� �� : �������� ����� /mutually exclusive<br />

��� ����� �� ����� �� �� ��� ����� �������� �����<br />

. ����� �� ������<br />

N<br />

������ �� : ���� ������� /negative correlation<br />

���� ������ �� ������ ��� ����� ���� ������� �� ����<br />

�� ���� ���� ����� ������ �� ��� �� ���� ������ ��<br />

. ���<br />

�� ����� ��� : ���� ���� ���<br />

/negative integer<br />

. ��� ��� �� ����<br />

�� �� ������ ���� �� ����� ���� ���� : �� /net<br />

. ���� �� ������� �� ����� �� ��� �� ���� ����<br />

�� ���� ������ �� : ������� ���� /no correlation<br />

���� ������ ��� �� ����� ������� ����� ������� ����<br />

. ���� ���� ���<br />

�� ����� : ����� ���� /nonlinear function<br />

. ���� ������ �� �� �������<br />

���� ������ ��� /nonterminating decimal<br />

. ��� ��� ���� ���� �� ������ ��� �� : �����<br />

�� ��� �� �� ����� ��� : ���� /numerator<br />

. ��� ��� ����� ��� �� �� �� �� ���� ��� ������<br />

������<br />

4 : ����<br />

5<br />

�� ������ : ���� �����<br />

/numerical expression<br />

. ���� �� �� ��� � ����� ��� ����<br />

O<br />

�� �� ������ �� �� ����� : ������ ����� /obtuse angle<br />

. ��� ���� ���� 180° �� ��� ���� ����� ���� 90°<br />

�� ���� �� ����� : ������ ����<br />

������<br />

�� ������� �� : ���� ���<br />

��� �� ������� �� : ���� ���<br />

���� �� �� �� ���� ��� �� : ��� ���<br />

/obtuse triangle<br />

. ��� ������ �����<br />

/octagon<br />

. ����<br />

/octahedron<br />

. ���� ���<br />

/odd number<br />

. ���� �����<br />

�� ������ ��� ����� : ����� ���� /lower quartile<br />

������ ��� ( ��� ����)<br />

first quartile ��� ���� ������<br />

. ��� ��<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 39 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

M<br />

�� ����� �� ���� ������ �� ��� : ����� �� /mean<br />

��� ( �������)<br />

average ��� ���� ������ �� ���� �����<br />

. ��� �� ������<br />

�����<br />

������ /measure of central tendency<br />

������ �� ��� ����� ���� �� �� ������ : �����<br />

��� ������ ��� � ������ �������� ������ ���� �� ����<br />

. ����� ����� �����<br />

��� �� ( ����)<br />

������� ��� ���� ��� : ����� /median<br />

. �� ���� ���� ������ �� �� ����<br />

���� ����� /metric system of measurement<br />

� �� ��� ���� ������ ����� �� : ���� ������ ����<br />

���� ������ �� ���� ���� � ���� �� ������ �� �� ������<br />

. ����� ����<br />

���� �������� ���� �������� ���� ���� ����� : ����<br />

. ����� ���� ������ ���� ���� ��� ���� � ����<br />

�� �� �� �� ���� �� �� �� ���� : ������� /midpoint<br />

. ��� �� ����� ����� �� ����<br />

����� ��� �� �� ���� : ������ ��� /mixed number<br />

. ���� ��� � ��� �� ��� �����<br />

������ �� �� ������ �� ������ ��� ��� : �� /mode<br />

����� ������� �� ����� ��� ��� ����� �� �� �� ����<br />

. ����� ���� ��� �� ����� �� ����� ��<br />

��� ���� ����� �� : �� ���� �� /monomial<br />

. ���� ���� �� �� ����<br />

n, 5n : ����<br />

2 , 8, �3<br />

����� /Multiplication Property of Equality<br />

�� �� ��� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ������ ���<br />

������ ����� ��� ��� �� �� �� ������ �� ���<br />

. ���� ����� �� �� ��� ���� ����<br />

����� /Multiplication Property of Zero<br />

����� ��� ���� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ��� ���<br />

.0 � a � 0 � a � 0 � 0 a � �����<br />

��� �� : ���� ����� /multiplicative inverse<br />

����� �� 1 ����� �� ���� ����� �� ���<br />

��� �� ������ ��� (������ ���)<br />

reciprocal<br />

.<br />

���<br />

5<br />

4<br />

�<br />

4<br />

5<br />

���� ����� : ����


��� ��� �� ������� �� : ���� ��� /pentagon<br />

. ����<br />

-������-100<br />

�� �� ��� �� �� ����� : ����<br />

45% �<br />

/percent<br />

. ��� ��<br />

45<br />

100<br />

: ����<br />

�� ������ : ����� ���� /percent of change<br />

. ��� ���� ����� �� ���� ��� ������ ���� �����<br />

�����<br />

�� : ���� ���� /percent of decrease<br />

. ��� ���� �� �� ���������� �� �����<br />

����� �� : ������� ���� /percent of increase<br />

. ��� ���� �� �� ������ ������ �� �����<br />

. ���� ��� �� ����� : ���� ����� /perfect square<br />

7 � 5 � 5 � 25 : ����<br />

2 ���� ����� 49 � 25 � � 49<br />

. ����� ��<br />

. ������� �� ��� ����� : ���� /perimeter<br />

�������� ��� ���� ����� �� : ������ /permutation<br />

. ��� ��� ����� �� �� ��<br />

�� ��� : �������� /perpendicular bisector<br />

�� ���� �� � ��� �� ��� ������� �� �� �� ���� ��<br />

. ��� ����<br />

���� /perpendicular lines<br />

����� �� �� ������ ���� : �����<br />

. ���� �� �����<br />

�� �����<br />

�� ���� : �������� /perspective<br />

�� �� ��� ������ ���� �� ��� �� ���� ���� ����<br />

. ���� ����� � ��� �� ��� �� ���� ���� ���� ��<br />

��� �� ����� �� ������� ���� : (π) �� ��� /pi (π)<br />

π ≈ 3.14 ��<br />

�� ���� ����� ��� �� �� ���� ���� �� : ����<br />

22<br />

. �����<br />

7<br />

/plane<br />

. ���<br />

������� ��� : ������� ����� /Platonic solids<br />

����� ������ ����� ��� ����� ����� ���� : ����<br />

. ���� ���� �<br />

. ��� �� ��� ���� �� : ���� /point<br />

�� ������ : ��� – ���� ��� /point-slope form<br />

��� m �� �� �� y � y1 � m(x � x1 ) ����� ��<br />

. ��� �� ��� �� ��� ���� �� (x1 , y1 ) �<br />

����� � ����� ����� ����� ������ : ���� /odds<br />

. �������<br />

�� ������� ����� ���� : ������ ����<br />

�� ����� ����� ���� : �����<br />

/odds against<br />

. ����� �����<br />

���� /odds in favor<br />

. ������� �����<br />

�� ����� ������ �� ��� �� : �� ������ /opposites<br />

������ ���� ���� �� �� ��� �� ���<br />

. ���� �� ������ ��� ( ���� �����)<br />

additive inverse<br />

���� ����� �� : �� ��� ����� /order of operations<br />

����� ����� �� ������<br />

���� ������ ����� : ������ ����<br />

�� ����� � �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���� � �� ���� ���<br />

������ ��� ��� � ����� ����� ���� �� �� �� ��<br />

. ���� ����� ���� �� �� �� �� �� �����<br />

���� �� �� ��� ��� �� : ���� ��� /ordered pair<br />

���� ������ ���� ��� �� ���� �� ���� ���� ����<br />

. ���<br />

�� y ���� � x ���� �� �� �� �� ���� : ���� /origin<br />

. (0, 0) ����� �� ��� �� ������ ������ ����<br />

�� ����� : ���� ����� /orthographic drawing<br />

. ��� � ��� ���� ����� �� ������� �� ���<br />

����� :( ������)<br />

����� /outcome (probability)<br />

. ������� ����� �� �� ����<br />

�� �� ������ ���� �� �� ������ : ������ ����<br />

/outlier<br />

�� ������ ����� ��� ������ ����� �� ���� ������<br />

. ����<br />

�� ���� ������ �� �� ������ : ����� /output<br />

. ��� �� ����� ���� ��� ����� �� �� ��� ���� �����<br />

�� �� ����� �� : ��� ����� ����� /overestimate<br />

. ��� ����� ���� ����<br />

P<br />

. ��� ���� ���� �� ������ : ���� /parabola<br />

��� �� �� ���� : ����� ���� /parallel lines<br />

. ���� ��� ��� �� ������ ��<br />

���� ���� �� : ����� ������ /parallelogram<br />

. ���� ����� ��� ��� �� ��<br />

����� ����� �� : ������ ���� /Pascal’s triangle<br />

� ���� �� ����� � ���� 1 �� ����<br />

�� �� �� �� �����<br />

. ��� �� ���� ����� �� ��� ���� ����� ��<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 40 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


�� 0% ��)<br />

1 �� 0 �� ��� �� : ������ /probability<br />

��� ����� ���� ������ �� ��� �� ���� �� ( 100%<br />

. ������ ����� ��<br />

�� ��� �� ������� ������ : ��� ���� /product<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� �� �����<br />

���� �� �� �� ���� : ��� ��� /proper fraction<br />

. ��� ������ ���� ��<br />

3<br />

,<br />

4<br />

1<br />

12<br />

,<br />

7<br />

8<br />

: ����<br />

�� ���� �� ����� �� �� ������ : ����� /proportion<br />

. ����� �� ����� ����<br />

. ����� ���� ������ ����� : ����� /protractor<br />

�� �� ������� �� : ��� /pyramid<br />

��� �� ���� ������� � ������� �����<br />

. ���� �� ����� ����� ��� �� ��<br />

�� �� : �������� ���� /Pythagorean Theorem<br />

����� ����� ����� ��� ��� ����� ������ ����<br />

. ���� �� ����� ���<br />

Q<br />

������ ���� y ���� � x ���� : ��� /quadrant<br />

��� �� ����� �� ����� �� ����� ����� ���� �� ��<br />

. ��� �� ������<br />

�� �� ������ : ��� ���� ������ /quadratic equation<br />

ax ��� ��<br />

2 .a ≠ 0 �� �� �� ����� �� � bx � c � 0<br />

��� �� ���� �� : ��� ���� ���� /quadratic function<br />

y � ax 2 .a ≠ 0 �� �� �� � bx � c<br />

y � 2x : ����<br />

2 � 12x � 10, y ��3x 2<br />

���� �� ������� �� : ��������<br />

/quadrilateral<br />

. ���� ���<br />

. ���<br />

�� ������� : ���� �� /quarterly<br />

�� ���� ����� ���� �� ��� ������ �� : ���� /quartile<br />

�� . ��� �� ����� ���� ���� �� �� �� ���� ������ ��<br />

�(<br />

��� ����)<br />

first quartile<br />

. ��� ������ ��� ( ��� ����)<br />

third quartile<br />

��� �� ������� ����� ���� : ���� ���� /quotient<br />

. ��� ����� ����� ��<br />

R<br />

� ���� : ������� ���� /radical symbol<br />

� ��<br />

. ��� �� ���� ��� �� ���� ��� ��� ���� ����� ����<br />

���� ������ �� : ����� ���� /point symmetry<br />

�� ���� ��� �� ���� 180° �� ��� ��� ���� �����<br />

. ����<br />

���� �� �� ���� ���� ��� �� : ������� /polygon<br />

������ ( �� ���)<br />

��� ������ ���� �� �� ����� ��� ��<br />

. ���� �� ��� ��<br />

�� �� ���� �� ������ �� : ������� /polyhedron<br />

. ����� �� ������� �� ���� ��� ����� ��� ��<br />

�� ���� ����� �� : �� ������� /polynomial<br />

. ��� ����� ��� ���� �� ����� ��� �����<br />

�� �� ����� ��� �����<br />

��� ����<br />

: ����� /population<br />

. ��� �� ����� ����� ���� ��� ��<br />

������ �� : ���� ������� /positive correlation<br />

���� ������ ������� ����� ���� ������� �� �� ����<br />

. ���� �� ���� ���� ��� ������ ������ �� ������<br />

�� ����� ��� : ���� ���� ��� /positive integer<br />

. ��� ��� �� ������<br />

��� �� �� ���� �� ������<br />

�� �� ����<br />

: ���� /power<br />

. ��� �� �����<br />

2 : ����<br />

3 . ���� �� 2 ��� ���� 8 �������� � � 8<br />

�� ����� ������ �� ������ ����� : ��� /precision<br />

. ��� �� ���� ���� ������ ���� ����<br />

���� ��� �� ���� �� ���� : ������� /prediction<br />

. ����� ����� ����� �� ���<br />

�� �� ����� : ��� ����� /prime factorization<br />

. ��� ����� ���� ��� ���� ��� ���� �����<br />

10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 2 : ����<br />

3 � 3<br />

1 �� ������ ���� ��� �� : ��� ��� /prime number<br />

. 1 ����� ����� ���� �� ������ ��<br />

��� �� �� �����<br />

��� �����<br />

: ����� ������ /principal<br />

. ��� ����� �� �� �<br />

��� ���� : ���� ��� ���� /principal square root<br />

. ��� �� �������<br />

. ���� ��<br />

5 ���� ��� ����<br />

25 � 5 : ����<br />

��� �� ����� �� �� ������� �� : ����� /prism<br />

������ ��� ����� ��� ���� � ����� ����� �������<br />

.<br />

����� ��<br />

�����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 41 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


����� /rectangular prism<br />

�� ������� �� : ���� ����<br />

���� � ���� ������ ���� �����<br />

�� ����� ������ ����� ���<br />

. �����<br />

. ����� ��� ������ �� ���� : ���� /reduction<br />

�� ������ ��� �� �� ����� : ������ /reflection<br />

. ��� ������ �� �� ��� �� ��<br />

�� ����� �� ���� : ����� ��� /regular pyramid<br />

��� �� ����� ��� ��� � ���� ����� ������� ��<br />

. ����� ������<br />

�� ������� : ����� ������� /regular polygon<br />

. ����� ������ ������� � ����<br />

���� �� : ����� ���� ���� /regular tessellation<br />

. ��� ����� ����� ��� ������� �� ������� �� �� ����<br />

���� ��� �� : ��� ���� ���� /relatively prime<br />

���� 1 ���� ����� ���� �������� ��� ����� ����<br />

. ����� �� ��� ���� ���� 15 � 7 : ����<br />

�� : �� ���� ������ ��� /repeating decimal<br />

. ���� �� ����� ��� �� ����� �� �� �� ������ ���<br />

0.757575…� 0.75<br />

: ����<br />

��� �� ����� ������ �� : ���� /rhombus<br />

. ��� ����� �����<br />

�� 90° �� ������ �� �� ����� : ����� ����� /right angle<br />

. ����<br />

����� �� �� ������� : ���� ������� /right cylinder<br />

����� ��� �� �� ����� �� ����� ��� ����� ����<br />

. ��� �����<br />

�� ��� �� �� �� ������ : ���� ����� /right cone<br />

�� �� ����� ���� �� ��� ����� ( ���)<br />

��� �� ����� ��<br />

. ���<br />

����� �� ���� �� ����� : ����� ����<br />

/right triangle<br />

. ���� �����<br />

����� �� �� �� ��� �� ����� ����� : ���� /rise<br />

����<br />

��� ���� ���� “ ����� ����� ����”<br />

��� � ����<br />

�����<br />

. ���<br />

���� ��� �� �� �� �� ����� �� : ����� /rotation<br />

. ���� �� ���� ��<br />

����� ���� : ������ ����� /rotational symmetry<br />

���� �� ���� 360° ���� ���� �� �� ���� ������<br />

. ���� �� ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ����� �����<br />

���� �� �� �� ���� �� : ���� /radius<br />

���� ������ ���� � ����� ���� �� ������<br />

. ���� �� ��� ��� ������ ��� ��<br />

�� : ������ ����� /random numbers<br />

����� ���� �� ��� �� ������� ����� ������ ��<br />

. ���� ��� ������ ����<br />

�� �� �� �� ����� : ������ ����� /random sample<br />

����� ���� �� ������ ���� �� ��� ��� ��� ��<br />

. ���� ��� ������ ����<br />

����� ����� :( ������)<br />

��� /range (in statistics)<br />

. �� ���� ������ �� ����� �������� � ��������<br />

:( ���� ��)<br />

������ ���� /range (in a function)<br />

. ���� �� �� ���� ������� ��� ������<br />

������� �� �� �� ���� �� �� �����<br />

: ����� /rate<br />

. ��� �� ������ ��� ��� ���� ������ �����<br />

�� 55mi/h �� ����� �� ���� 55 ���� ������ : ����<br />

. ����<br />

����� �� �� �� ����� : ���� ��� /rate of interest<br />

simple interest �� ���� ��� ��� ��� ������ ���<br />

. ��� ������ ( ���� ����)<br />

1<br />

2<br />

. ���� ����� ������ ���� �� ������ : ���� /ratio<br />

25 ����� 12, 25:12, 12 : ����<br />

25<br />

���� �� �� ���� : ���� ��� /rational number<br />

��� ���� ���� ��� �� ���� �����<br />

����� �� 0.5 �<br />

6<br />

1<br />

����� ���� �� �� 6 : ����<br />

. ��� ����<br />

������ ���� �� �� �� �� �� �� ����� : ����� /ray<br />

. ��� �� ���� ����� ��� �� � ��� ����<br />

. ��� ��� ���� ��� �� : ����� ��� /real number<br />

���� �� ���� �� �� ��� : ������ ��� /reciprocal<br />

multiplicative inverse ����� �� 1 ������<br />

. ��� �� ������ ��� ( ���� �����)<br />

�n<br />

������ ��� ����� �� 3 � 2 ������������ ������ : ����<br />

2 3<br />

1<br />

. ���� �� n<br />

���� �� ����� ������ �� : ������ /rectangle<br />

. ���� ����� �����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 42 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


���� �� ����� �� �� �� ����� : ����<br />

/segment<br />

. ������<br />

: ����� ���� ���� ���� /semiregular tessellation<br />

����� ����� ��� ����� ������� �� �� �� ���� ����<br />

. ���� �� ����� ���� �� �� �� � ���<br />

. ����� �� ����� ���� �� : ������ /sequence<br />

. ���� �� ���� �� : ������ /set<br />

�� ����� �� ����� ��� �� �� ��� : ��� /side<br />

�� ����� �� ��� �� ���� �� ����� �� �� �� ����<br />

. ���<br />

������ : ��� -�����<br />

-���<br />

/Side-Angle-Side (SAS)<br />

�� ���<br />

���� ����� � ��� �� ��� ���� �� ����� ��<br />

���� �� ��� ���� ����� � ��� �� �� ����� ����<br />

. ����� �� ����� ������ ������ �� ������ ����<br />

�� ������ : ��� -���<br />

-���<br />

/Side-Side-Side (SSS)<br />

���� ��� �� �� ���� �� ��� �� ��� ���� �� �����<br />

. ����� �� ����� ������ ������ �� ���� ����� ����<br />

���� �� ������ : ��� ���� ����� /significant digits<br />

. ��� �� ���� ���� ������ �� �� ��� ���� ����<br />

��� ����� ������ ��� �� ������ : ������ /similar<br />

. ������ ������ ������ ������<br />

��� �� ���� ���� �� : ���� ���� /simple interest<br />

�� ��<br />

��� �� ���� I � crt ����� �� ������� �� . ������<br />

�� ���� t ������ ��� r ������� ��� ������� c ��<br />

. ����<br />

�� ����� ��� �� : ��� ���� ���� /simplest form<br />

1 �� ���� ���� � ���� �� ��� ��� ���� ����<br />

. ������ ����� ����� ����<br />

�� ����� ��� ��� �� ����� : ���� ���� /simplify<br />

. ��� ���� ����<br />

������ �� �� ������ : ����<br />

���� /simulation<br />

�� ��� ����� ��� ���� ����� �� �� ����� ������<br />

. ��� ����� ��� �� �� ����<br />

���� ������ ���� �� �� : (sin) ����� /sine (sin)<br />

. ��� ��� �� ��� ���� ����� �� ����� �� ���� ���<br />

������ �� �� ������ : ������ ����� /skew lines<br />

��� �� ������ �� � ���� ����� �� �� �����<br />

���� ������<br />

. ���� ��<br />

�� ����� �� ����� : ��� ��� ������ /slant height<br />

���� ������ ����� ��� ������ �� �� ���� �� �����<br />

. ���<br />

�� ����� �� ��� �� ����� : ���� ���� /rounding<br />

. ��� ���� ������ ����� �� �� ���<br />

�� 2,000 ����� ��������� �� 2,354 ��� ���� : ����<br />

�� 2,400 ��� ��������� �� 2,354 ��� ���� � �����<br />

. ����<br />

����� �� �� ��� ������� ���� ����� : ����� /run<br />

����<br />

��� ���� ���� “ ����� ����� ����”<br />

�� � ����<br />

�����<br />

. ���<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 43 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

S<br />

�� ���� �� ���� �� ����� : ���� ������ /sales tax<br />

. ��� �� ������ ��� ���� ��� ���� ����<br />

. �����<br />

�� �� ����� : ����� /sample<br />

�� �� ���� ����� : �� ����� ����<br />

/sample space<br />

. �����<br />

. �� ������ ������ �� ����� ���� : ����� /scale<br />

�� �� �� ������ : ����������� /scale drawing<br />

������ ��� ( ���� ��)<br />

���� ������ ���� �����<br />

������� ����� ��� �� ��� �� ( �������� ��)<br />

����<br />

. ��� ��<br />

���� �� ����� : ���� ����� ���� /scale factor<br />

. ��� �� ���� ����� ����� ���� ��� ��������<br />

�� ������ ����� �� : ������ ����� /scale model<br />

. ���� �� ��� ��<br />

�� ����� : ����� ����� ���� /scalene triangle<br />

. ����� ����� ����<br />

��� ���� �� ������� : ������ ������ /scatter plot<br />

���� ������ �� ����� ���� ����� �� ����� ���� ���<br />

. ��<br />

���� ���� : ���� ��������� /scientific notation<br />

�� ������� �� ���� ����� ��� ���� ����� ����� �����<br />

. 10 ����<br />

�� �� �� ������ : ��� ��� ����� /second differences<br />

. ���<br />

��� ����� ������ �� ���� ����� ��� �����<br />

���� ������ �� ����� : ��� ����<br />

/second quartile<br />

. ��<br />

�� ����� � ���� �� ���� �� �� ����� : ���� /sector<br />

. ��� ����� ��� �� ��� ��� �� ���� ������ ����<br />

������ �� �� ����� :( �� ����)<br />

��� /sector (data)<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� �� ���� ������ �� ���� �� �����


�� ������ �� �� ����� : ������� ����� /straight angle<br />

. ��� 180°<br />

�� ����� �� : ��� ���� ��� ����� /stratified sample<br />

. ��� ��� ����� ������� �� �� �����<br />

���� �� �� �� ������ : ������<br />

��� /subset<br />

. ��� �������� ���� ������<br />

�� �� ����� �� ����� : ���� ����� /substitute<br />

. ���� ����� �� �� ���� ����� ��� ���<br />

����� /Subtraction Property of Equality<br />

��� �� ��� ���� �� ����� �� ������ : ������ �����<br />

���� ���� ������ ����� ����� ������ �� ��� �� �� ��<br />

. ���� ����� �� �� ���<br />

��� ����� ��� ��� �� ������� ����� : �����<br />

/sum<br />

. ����<br />

����� �� : ���� ��� ����� /supplementary angles<br />

. ���� �� 180° ������ ������ ����� ��<br />

��� ����� ����� : ���� ����� /surface area<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ����<br />

������ �� : ������ ����� /system of equations<br />

. ���� ����� �� ����� �� ���� �� ����� �� ������ ��<br />

: ��� ������ ����� /system of linear equations<br />

������ ���� �� �� �� ����� �� ��� ������ ��<br />

. ����� ��� ����� ����<br />

�� �� ����� : ��������� ����� /systematic sample<br />

. ��� ��� ������ ���� �� �� ������� �� �� �����<br />

T<br />

������ ���� �� �� : (tan) ������� /tangent (tan)<br />

��� ��� �� ���� ����� �� ����� ��� ��� ����<br />

. ���� ����� �����<br />

��� :( ����� �� ��)<br />

���� /tangent (to a circle)<br />

. ��� �� ���� ���� ����� �� ���� �� �� ��� ��<br />

:( ����� �� ��)<br />

���� /term (in an expression)<br />

. ��� �� ����� �� ��� �� ����� �� �� �����<br />

������ �10 ����� ���� �� �� ��� ������ : ����<br />

�� �� ��� ������ x � 1 ������ ���� �� �� ���<br />

. ���� ����<br />

�� :( ������ �� ��)<br />

5x 2<br />

��� /term (in a sequence)<br />

. ������ �� �� ��� ��� ���<br />

�� ��� �� �� �� ������� ������ : ��� /slope<br />

����� �� ����� ���� ����<br />

��������<br />

– ��� ��� /slope-intercept form<br />

y � mx � b ����� �� ��� ������ �� : ����<br />

������ ������� b � ��� ������� m �� �� �� ��� �����<br />

. ��� y ���� ��<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� : ���� ��� /solid figure<br />

�� : ������ �� �� ��� /solution of an equation<br />

. ���� �� ���� �� ������ �� �� ������� ��� �����<br />

: �������� �� �� ��� /solution of an inequality<br />

. ���� �� ���� �� �������� �� �� ������� ��� �����<br />

�� �� ��� /solution of a system of equations<br />

�� ������ ��� �� ������ ������ �� : ������ �����<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� �����<br />

�� ������� ������ : �� ��� ������ /solution set<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� �������<br />

. �� ��� ��� ���� ���� ���� : ���� �� /solve<br />

. ���� �� ��� �� : ����� ��� /space figure<br />

���� �� ���� ��� �� ���� �� ��� �� : ��� /sphere<br />

. ��� ����� �� ��<br />

�� ������ �� :( �����)<br />

���� /square (geometry)<br />

. ��� ����� ���� ����<br />

�� ���� :( �����)<br />

����� /square (numeration)<br />

. ��� ����� �� ���� ��<br />

5 �� : ����<br />

2<br />

. ��� ��� ����� 5 ����<br />

�� ��� ���� : ���� ���� ���<br />

5 � 5 � 25<br />

/square number<br />

. ���� �� ���<br />

. ���� �� ���� ���� ��� 25 : ����<br />

�� ����� ������ �� �� ��� : ��� ����<br />

/square root<br />

. ���<br />

� 4 �������� �16<br />

��4� �4 ��� � 16 � 4 � 4 : ����<br />

. ����� �� 16 ��� ���� �4<br />

���� /standard form (in numeration)<br />

����� �� ������� �� �� ���� :( ����� ��)<br />

���������<br />

. ��� �����<br />

5,210 ��������� ����� �� � ���������� ��� : ����<br />

. ���� ��<br />

������� : ��� � ���� ������ /stem-and-leaf plot<br />

�� ��� �� ���� �� ���� ����� � ��������� ���� ��<br />

. ��� ������ �� �� ������� �����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 44 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


U<br />

������ ����� �� : ������ ����� /unbiased sample<br />

���� ����� ���� �� ����� �� ���� �� ��� ���<br />

. ���� ����� ��� ������<br />

�� ������ �� : ���� ������<br />

�� /underestimate<br />

. ��� ���� ���� �� ����<br />

�� �� ����� �� �����<br />

��� ������ : ������ /union<br />

. ����� ����� ��� ������<br />

���� �� ����� ���� : ���� ����� /unit conversion<br />

. ���� ���� �� ���� ������<br />

���� : ���� ����� ���� /unit conversion factor<br />

��������������������<br />

���� ����� �� ��<br />

������� �� ��� ����� ����� �� ����� ���� ����<br />

. �������<br />

������������ 60 ������ 1<br />

������<br />

��<br />

1 ������������ 60 : ����<br />

������ ���� ���� ��� �� : ���� ���� /unit price<br />

. ������<br />

���� ��� ���� �� �� �� ���� : ���� ��� /unit rate<br />

. ���� �� ���� �� �������<br />

����� �� ������� 10 : ����<br />

�� ������� : ������� ������ /unlike fractions<br />

. ����� ������ �������<br />

�� �� ��� �������� : ���<br />

. ����� ������� ������<br />

3<br />

�<br />

4<br />

1<br />

2<br />

: ����<br />

������� /upper extreme<br />

. �� ���� ������<br />

�� ����� ��� ����� : ��� ���� /upper quartile<br />

��� ( ���<br />

����)<br />

third quartile ��� ���� ������<br />

. ��� �� ������<br />

V<br />

����� �� �� : ���� ���� /vanishing point<br />

��� ������ �� �� ����� �� �� �� �� ���� ���������<br />

. ���� �� �� �� ���� ��<br />

�� �� ������ ����� : ����� ���� /variability<br />

. �� ���� ������<br />

�� ����� ���� ���� ���� �� ����� : ����� /variable<br />

. ��� �� ���� ��� �� �����<br />

����� ���� �� ������� : �� ������ /Venn diagram<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� ������ ����� ��� �����<br />

��� �� : ����� ����� ������ /terminating decimal<br />

. ���� �� ����� ��� ��� �� ���� �� ������<br />

6.75 : ����<br />

������ ������ ������� : ���� ���� /tessellation<br />

��� ���� ���� �� ��� �� ���� ���� �� �� ����<br />

. ������� ������ �� ���<br />

���� �� �������<br />

�� : ��������<br />

/tetrahedron<br />

. ���� ���<br />

����� ���� : ���� ������ /theoretical probability<br />

����� �� �� ������ �� �� ����� ����� ��� �� �����<br />

. ���� �����<br />

�� ���� ��� �����<br />

: ��� ���� /third quartile<br />

��� ( ����� ����)<br />

upper quartile ��� ���� ������<br />

. ��� �� ������<br />

���� �������� �� �� �� ���� �����<br />

: ����� /tip<br />

. �������� �� ���� �� ������ ���� ����� �����<br />

������� �� ����� �� : ��������<br />

�� ������ �� ( �������)<br />

�� ����� �� �� �� �� ��� : ������ ��<br />

/transformation<br />

. ��� �� ���<br />

���� : ������ /translation<br />

. ������ �� �� ������<br />

/transversal<br />

. ��� ���<br />

��� �� ������ �� ���� ���� �� : ������ /trapezoid<br />

. ���� ����� ���<br />

��� ���� ������ �� : ����� ������ /tree diagram<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� ������ �� ����� ��� ������� ��� ��<br />

���� ������ ��� ����� �� �������� �� : ������ /trial<br />

. ����� ��<br />

. ���� ��� �� �� ������� �� : ���� /triangle<br />

������ ����� ���� /Triangle Sum Theorem<br />

����� ������ ����� ���� �� ����� �� �� ���� : ����<br />

. ��� 180° ���� �� ��<br />

: ����� ����� /triangular prism<br />

���� ���� ����� �� ������� ��<br />

������ ����� ��� ��� � ����<br />

. �������<br />

��� �� ����� : ������� ���� /trigonometric ratios<br />

������� ���� �� ������ �� ����� ���� �� ������<br />

.<br />

����� �� ������� � ������ �������� �����<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 45 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


����� �� ���� : ��� ��� ������ /withholding tax<br />

. ������� ������ ���� �� ��� ������ ���� ��� ��<br />

X<br />

. ������ ���� �� �� ���� ���� : x<br />

���� /x-axis<br />

��� �� �� ��� ��� : x ���� /x-coordinate<br />

�� ���� �� (0, 0) ���� �� ���� �� �� ����� �����<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� ��� ����<br />

��<br />

. ���� �� x ���� 5 �(5,<br />

3) �� : ����<br />

�� ���� ���� x ���� : ���� �� ��� /x-intercept<br />

. ��� �� ��� �� x ���� �� �� �� �� ������<br />

��� ��� �� : ���� �����<br />

W<br />

/verbal expression<br />

. �����<br />

�� �� ���� �������� ��� ����� �� �� : ��� /vertex<br />

�� �� ����� �� ��� �� ������ ��� �� �� ��<br />

����� �� �� ���� ��� ��� �� ����� ����<br />

��������<br />

. ������ ���� ���� ���<br />

����� ����� ��� �� : ���� ������ /vertical angles<br />

a<br />

b<br />

d<br />

c<br />

���� ����� ���� �� �����<br />

������� �� ���� ���� �����<br />

�b � ��� ����� �c � �a<br />

. ��� ����� �d �<br />

������ ���� �� ���� ������� � ����� : ����/volume<br />

�<br />

. ��� ��� ��� ����<br />

���� ���<br />

����� �� ���� : ��� ��� ������ /withholding tax<br />

. ������� ������ ���� �� ��� ������ ���� ��� ��<br />

X<br />

. ������ ���� �� �� ���� ���� : x<br />

���� /x-axis<br />

��� �� �� ��� ��� : x ���� /x-coordinate<br />

�� ���� �� (0, 0) ���� �� ���� �� �� ����� �����<br />

. ��� �� ���� �� ��� ����<br />

��<br />

. ���� �� x ���� 5 �(5,<br />

3) �� : ����<br />

�� ���� ���� x ���� : ���� �� ��� /x-intercept<br />

. ��� �� ��� �� x ���� �� �� �� �� ������<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 46 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


A<br />

absolute value/ntsiab nqi: Yas kev ntawm ib<br />

tus number txij zero mus saum ib txoj kab;<br />

qhia los ntawm � �.<br />

Pivtxwv: � �5 � � 5.<br />

accuracy/tseem nqi: Qhov ze kawg nkaus<br />

ntawm ib ncua kev ntsuas lossis ib qho nqi<br />

ntawm qhov ntsuas lossis nqi tamsim nov<br />

acute angle/kaum nqaim: Ib lub kaum uas<br />

ntsuas tau tsawg dua 90°.<br />

acute triangle/peb ceg nqaim: Ib lub peb ceg<br />

nrog cov kaum ntsuas tau tsawg dua 90°.<br />

addend/tus ntxiv: Ib tus number ntxiv rau ib<br />

lossis ntau lwm tus number kom ua tau ib<br />

xam. Pivtxwv, hauv zaj ntawv 4 � 6 � 7, cov<br />

number 4, 6 thiab 7 yog cov ntxiv.<br />

Addition Property of Equality/ Cai Ntxiv<br />

ntawm Equality: Txoj cai teev tias yog nej<br />

ntxiv tib tug number qub rau ob sab ntawm<br />

ib tug equation, tus equation tshiab yuav<br />

muaj solution tibyam.<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/Cai Ntxiv<br />

ntawm cov Rov: Txoj cai teev tias tus xam<br />

tawm ntawm ib tus number thiab nws tus rov<br />

yog zero.<br />

Pivtxwv: 12 � (�12) � 0<br />

additive inverse/ tus rov ntxiv: Tus rov<br />

ntawm ib tus number.<br />

Pivtxwv: Tus rov ntxiv ntawm 6 yog �6.<br />

adjacent angles/ cov kaum<br />

sib npuab: Cov kaum hauv<br />

b<br />

tib daim plag uas koom ib a<br />

lub hau kaum thiab ib txoj<br />

kab ntug<br />

algebraic expression/ zaj ntawv algebraic: Ib<br />

zaj ntawv kws zwm tsawg kawg nkaus ib tug<br />

variable.<br />

Pivtxwvs: x � 8; 4(m � b)<br />

algebraic inequality/zaj ntawv inequality: Ib<br />

zaj inequality kws zwm tsawg kawg nkaus ib<br />

tus variable.<br />

Pivtxwvs: x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/<br />

cov kaum hloov sab<br />

nraud: Ib txwm kaum<br />

txawm los ntawm ib txoj<br />

kab txiav thiab ob txoj<br />

kab; hauv daim duab kos,<br />

c d<br />

cov txwm kaum hloov sab nraud yog<br />

�a thiab �d thiab �b thiab �c.<br />

a b<br />

alternate interior angles/<br />

cov kaum hloov sab<br />

hauv: Ib txwm kaum<br />

r s<br />

txawm los ntawm ib<br />

txoj kab txiav thiab<br />

ob txoj kab; hauv daim<br />

t v<br />

duab kos, cov txwm kaum hloov sab hauv<br />

yog �r thiab �v thiab �s thiab �t.<br />

altitude/kab ntsug: Txoj kab yas kev txiav<br />

ntsug ntawm ib lub hau kaum hauv ib lub<br />

ntau ces (polygon) mus rau txoj kab teebtim<br />

rov (lossis txoj kab zwm tus taw teem ntawd)<br />

angle/kaum: Ib daim duab txawm los ntawm<br />

ob txoj sab nrog ib lub pob xaus hu ua hau<br />

kaum (vertex)<br />

angle bisector/kab phua<br />

N<br />

nruab nrab: Ib txoj kab,<br />

P<br />

ncua kab, lossis sab uas<br />

O<br />

faib ib lub kaum mus ua M<br />

ob lub kaum sib dhos<br />

Angle-Side-Angle(ASA)/Kaum-Ntug-Kaum:<br />

Ib txoj cai teev tias yog ob lub kaum thiab<br />

txoj kab ntug koom ntawm ib lub peb ceg sib<br />

dhos nrog rau ob lub kaum thiab txoj kab<br />

ntug koom ntawm lwm lub peb ceg, ces ob<br />

lub peb ceg ntawd sib dhos<br />

arc/nkoov: Ib ntu ntawm ib lub vojvoog muaj<br />

npe raws nws ob lub pob xaus<br />

area/cheebtsam: Tus number ntawm plaub<br />

ceg yeem uas tim tsum los npog ib thajtsam<br />

paub tau<br />

arithmetic sequence/seem lej arithmetic: Ib<br />

phaj teev cov number raws seem, uas nyob<br />

hauv, qhov txawv nrug ntawm ob tus number<br />

sib lawv yeej ib txwm zoo tibyam<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 47 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Associative Property/Cai Sib Hloov Chaw<br />

Kev ntxiv: Txoj cai teev tias rau tas nrho cov<br />

real number a, b, thiab c, tus xam tawm yog<br />

tus qub mus li, txawm muab lawv sib hloov<br />

chaw licas los tau:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

Kev tsuam: Txoj cai teev tias rau tas nrho cov<br />

tseem number a, b, thiab c, lawv tus tsuam<br />

tawm yog tus qub mus li, txawm muab lawv<br />

sib hloov chaw licas los tau:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

asymmetry/tsis xwmyeem: Tsis sib thooj rau<br />

txhua sab ntawm ib txoj kab nruab nrab. Tsis<br />

xwmyeem.<br />

average/average: Tus xam tawm ntawm ib<br />

pawg data faib rau tus number ntawm pawg<br />

data; thiab hu ua mean<br />

average deviation/yas kev average: Yas kev<br />

average uas ib tus nqi data muaj los ntawm<br />

tus mean<br />

axes/kab teebtim: Ob txoj kab perpendicular<br />

ntawm ib daim plag pob sib txuas uas sib<br />

tshuam ua lub hau paus origin lossis lub<br />

plawv.<br />

B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/duab tignrob-qaum<br />

raws kav-thiab-nplooj: Ib daim<br />

duab raws kav-thiab-nplooj uas piv ob pawg<br />

data thaum muab ib pawg data los nthuav<br />

rau sab lauj ntawm tus kav thiab lwm pawg<br />

rau sab xis<br />

bar graph/duab teev kab ntsug: Ib daim<br />

duab teev uas siv cov kab ntsug lossis pas tav<br />

los nthuav cov data<br />

base-10 system/txheejtxheem teebtim-10: Ib<br />

tus txheejtxheem number, uas nyob hauv, cov<br />

number tas nrho raug nthuav tawm raws cov<br />

zauv 0–9<br />

base (in numeration)/tus taw teem (hauv<br />

kev suav lej): Thaum ib tus number raug tsa<br />

rau ib lub zog, tus number kws raug siv los ua<br />

tus teebtim (factor) yog tus taw teem.<br />

Pivtxwv: 3 5 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/taw teem (ntawm ib lub ntau<br />

ces(polygon) lossis duab peb seem): Ib tus<br />

ntug ntawm ib lub polygon; ib sab ntawm ib<br />

daim duab peb seem uas raug siv los ntsuas<br />

lossis cais cov duab ntawd.<br />

Cov taw<br />

teem<br />

ntawm ib<br />

lub cylinder<br />

Cov taw<br />

teem<br />

ntawm ib<br />

lub prism<br />

biased sample/qauv sim siszas: Ib tug qauv<br />

uas siv tsis tau zoo rau cov neeg tas nrho<br />

binary number system/txheejtxheem<br />

number txooj: Ib tus txheejtxheem number,<br />

uas nyob hauv, tas nrho cov number raug<br />

nthuav los siv ua ob tus zauv xwb, 0 thiab 1<br />

binomial/binomial: Ib tus polynomial nrog<br />

ob nqe.<br />

Pivtxwvs: 10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/txiav nruab nrab: Txiav ua ob thooj<br />

sib dhos<br />

boundary line/kab ciam: Pawg pob xaus uas<br />

ob sab ntawm ib zaj linear inequality nrog ob<br />

tug variable sib luag<br />

box-and- whisker plot/duab kos thawvthiab-sab<br />

cab: Ib daim duab teev uas nthuav<br />

qhov siab tshaj thiab qis tshaj ntawm ib feem<br />

plaub ntawm cov data mus ua sab cab, ob<br />

feem plaub nruab nrab ntawm cov data mus<br />

ua thawv, thiab tus median.<br />

break (graph)/txiav (duab teev): Ib txoj kab<br />

zigzag saum ib txoj kab tsi tav lossis ntsug<br />

ntawm ib daim duab teev uas qhia tias ib cov<br />

number saum kab tsi tsis pom lawm<br />

C<br />

Cov taw<br />

teem<br />

ntawm ib<br />

lub cone<br />

Cov taw<br />

teem<br />

ntawm ib<br />

lub pyramid<br />

capacity/cev duav duav: Lub cev uas ib lub<br />

thoob ntim tau thaum puv<br />

Celsius/Celsius: Ib tus tsi metric rau kev<br />

ntsuas huabcua, uas nyob hauv, 0°C yog lub<br />

pob dej khov thiab 100°C yog lub pob dej<br />

npau, thiab hu ua centigrade<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 48 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


center (of a circle)/nrog (ntawm ib lub<br />

vojvoog): Lub pob hauv plawv vojvoog uas<br />

muaj yas kev ntev tibyam rau tas nrho cov<br />

pob saum lub vojvoog<br />

center (of dilation)/nrog (ntawm kev nthuav<br />

dav): Lub pob tshuam ntawm ob txoj kab los<br />

ntawm tas nrho cov kaum hauv ib txoj kev<br />

nthuav<br />

center (of rotation)/nrog (ntawm kev kiv<br />

ncig): Lub pob uas ua chaw rau ib lub cev<br />

khiav ncig<br />

central angle/ kaum nroog: Ib lub kaum uas<br />

muaj lub hau kaum ua lub plawv rau ib lub<br />

vojvoog<br />

certain (probability)/tseeb (lej probability):<br />

Tseeb tias txawm tau; muaj qhov probability<br />

txog 1<br />

chord/hlua: Ib yas kab nrog pob xaus saum<br />

ib lub vojvoog<br />

circle/vojvoog: Pawg pob tas<br />

nrho hauv ib daim plag uas<br />

C<br />

muaj yas kev ntev tibyam los<br />

rau ib lub pob hu ua nrog<br />

circle graph/duab teev vojvoog: Ib daim<br />

duab teev uas siv cov txaum ntawm ib lub<br />

vojvoog los piv rau tej thooj ntawm cov<br />

txaum tas nrho thiab tej thooj rau lwm thooj<br />

circumference/kab ncig: Yas kev ncig ib lub<br />

vojvoog<br />

clockwise/kab ncig moo:<br />

Ib txoj kev nti ua vojvoog<br />

mus rau sab xis ntawm<br />

txoj hau kev qhia cia<br />

clustering/txuas ncig: Ib hom txuj siv los<br />

kwvyees txog qhov xam tawm thaum tas<br />

nrho cov ntxiv muaj nqi yuav luag tibyam.<br />

Pivtxwv: 27, 29, 24 thiab 26 tas nrho nyob<br />

ncig 25.<br />

coefficient/coefficient: Tus number uas raug<br />

tsuam rau tus variable hauv ib zaj ntawv<br />

algebraic<br />

Pivtxwv: 5 yog tus coefficient hauv 5b.<br />

combination/kev teeb tso: Ib txoj kev tso cov<br />

tsavyam lossis txheejxwm , uas nyob hauv, tej<br />

seem tsis tseem ceeb<br />

commission/nqi tau muag: Ib tus nqi them<br />

rau ib tus neeg vim nws muag tau khoom<br />

commission rate/nqi feem tau muag: Tus nqi<br />

them rau ib tus neeg uas muag tau ib yam<br />

khoom xam ua feem pua los ntawm tus nqi<br />

muag<br />

common denominator/koom denominator:<br />

Ib tus denominator uas zoo tibyam thoob<br />

plaws rau ob lossis ntau tus fraction.<br />

Pivtxwv: Tus koom denominator ntawm 5 –<br />

8<br />

thiab 2 –<br />

8 yog 8.<br />

common difference/koom txawv: Qhov<br />

txawv ntawm txhua txhua ob nqe ntawv sib<br />

lawv sib liag hauv ib seem lej arithmetic<br />

common factor/koom factor: Ib tus number<br />

uas yog ib tus factor ntawm ob lossis ntau tus<br />

number.<br />

Pivtxwv: 8 yog ib tus factor ntawm 16 thiab 40.<br />

common multiple/koom multiple: Ib tus<br />

number uas yog ib tus multiple ntawm txhua<br />

tus ntawm ob lossis ntau tus numbers.<br />

Pivtxwv: 15 yog ib tus koom multiple ntawm<br />

3 thiab 5.<br />

common ratio/koom ratio: Tus ratio uas<br />

txhua nqe ntawv raug tsuam rau kom ua tau<br />

nqe tom ntej hauv ib seem geometric<br />

Commutative Property/Cai Tshais chaw<br />

Kev Ntxiv: Txoj cai teev tias muab tau ob<br />

lossis ntau tus number sib ntxiv raws seem<br />

twg los tau yeej tsis hloov tus xam tawm li.<br />

Pivtxwvs: 8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

Kev Tsuam: Txoj cai teev tias muab tau ob<br />

lossis ntau tus number sib tsuam raws seem<br />

twg los tau yeej tsis hloov tus tsuam tawm li.<br />

Pivtxwvs: 6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a<br />

compatible numbers/number sib luag: Cov<br />

number uas yuav laug zoo li tus number paub<br />

los es ua rau kev kwvyees thiab xamphaj<br />

tswvyim yoojyim heev.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 49 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


compensation/kev npog: Thaum ib tus<br />

number hauv ib zaj ntawv yuav luag zoo<br />

tibyam li lwm tus number uas yoojyim heev<br />

rau xamphaj nrog, muab tus number yoojyim<br />

los laij nrhiav zaj lus teb. Ces muab zaj lus<br />

teb los rho lossis ntxiv me me tawm xwb.<br />

complementary angles/cov kaum sib ntxiv:<br />

Ob lub kaum uas ntsuas sib ntxiv mus ua 90°.<br />

composite number/number zoj: Ib tus<br />

number loj dua 1 uas muaj ntau dua ob tus<br />

number kheej ua factor<br />

compound event/txheejxwm sib txuas: Ib<br />

qhov txheejxwm txawm los ntawm ob lossis<br />

ntau qhov txheejxwm yoojyim<br />

compound inequality/inequality sib txuas:<br />

Ib txoj kev teeb ntau tshaj ib zaj inequality.<br />

Pivtxwv: x � �2 lossis x � 10, lossis �2 � x<br />

� 10. x loj dua lossis loj li �2 thiab<br />

me dua 10.<br />

compound interest/paj laum sib txuas: Paj<br />

laum tau lossis them los ntawm cov peev<br />

thiab cov paj laum tau los uantej lossis paj<br />

laum them los<br />

concave polygon/polygon nthuav: Ib lub<br />

polygon nrog tsawg kawg nkaus ib lub kaum<br />

hauv uas loj dua 180°.<br />

cone/cev ntse hau (cone): Ib lub cev peb-seem<br />

nrog ib lub hau kaum thiab ib lub taw teem<br />

kheej<br />

congruent /dhos: Muaj nrog cev thiab nraj<br />

tsug tibyam<br />

congruent angles/kaum sib dhos: Cov kaum<br />

uas luj ntsuas tau sib luag zos<br />

congruent segments/ncua kab sib dhos: Cov<br />

ncua kab uas ntev tibyam<br />

constant/tsis hloov: Ib tus nqi uas tsis hloov li<br />

constant of proportionality/kev sib piv tau<br />

tsis hloov: Ib tus lej ratio ntawm ob tus<br />

variable uas sib txuas raws kev sib piv tau.<br />

Pivtxwv: 5 � k, 10 � 2k thiab 15 � 3k<br />

convenience sample/zoo qauv sim: Sim ua<br />

qauv raws cov txheejxwm txawmpeem tshaj<br />

hauv cov pejxeem kom tau num sai<br />

conversion factor/factor hloov tau: Ib tus<br />

fraction kws tus numerator thiab denominator<br />

sawv cev tau rau tib tug nqi tabsis siv txawv<br />

yeem; tus fraction loj li 1 tabsis tus numerator<br />

thiab tus denominator loj tibyam.<br />

24 teev 1 hnub<br />

Pivtxwv: thiab<br />

1 hnub 24 teev<br />

convex polygon/polygon nqaim: Ib lub<br />

polygon nrog tas nrho cov kaum hauv puav<br />

leej ntsuas tau tsawg dua 180°<br />

coordinate plane (coordinate grid)/plag pob<br />

teebtim (ntxaij pob sib txuas): Ib daim plag<br />

txawm los ntawm lub pob sib tshuam ntawm<br />

ib txoj kab number tav hu ua txoj x-axis thiab<br />

ib txoj kab number ntsug hu ua txoj y-axis.<br />

Suam<br />

Quadrant II<br />

Suam<br />

Quadrant III<br />

txoj kab y-axis<br />

Suam<br />

Quadrant I<br />

txoj kab<br />

x-axis<br />

Suam<br />

Quadrant IV<br />

coordinate/pob teebtim: Ib ntawm cov txwm<br />

number raws seem uas sib txuas ua chaw rau<br />

ib lub pob saum ib daim duab teebtim<br />

correlation/kev txuas haum: Kev teev txoj<br />

kev sib txuas ntawm ob pawg data<br />

correspondence/kev sib txuas: Kev sib txuas<br />

ntawm ob lossis ntau yam khoom uas sib xws<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 50 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


corresponding angles<br />

(for lines)/kaum sib<br />

phim (rau cov kab):<br />

Ib txwm kaum txawm<br />

los ntawm ib txoj kab<br />

txiav thiab ob txoj kab;<br />

q r<br />

s t<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

hauv daim duab kos, cov txwm kaum sib<br />

phim yog �m thiab �q, �n thiab �r,<br />

�o thiab �s, thiab �p thiab �t.<br />

corresponding angles (in polygons)/kaum<br />

sib phim (hauv polygon): Cov kaum sib xws<br />

ntawm ob lossis ntau lub polygon<br />

corresponding sides/ntug sib phim: Cov ntug<br />

sib xws ntawm ob lossis ntau lub polygon<br />

cosine (cos)/cosine (cos): Hauv ib lub raug<br />

peb ceg, tus ratio ntawm ncua ntug npuab sab<br />

ntawm lub kaum nqaim rau ncua hypotenuse<br />

counterclockwise/kab rov<br />

ncig moo: Ib txoj kev nti ua<br />

vojvoog mus rau sab lauj<br />

ntawm txoj hau kev qhia cia<br />

counterexample/pivtxwv rov: Ib qhov<br />

pivtxwv uas qhia tias ib zaj lus yuam kev<br />

cross product/tsuam txiav: Tus tsuam tawm<br />

ntawm cov number saum kab txiav kaum<br />

thaum muab ob tus ratio los sib piv<br />

Pivtxwv: 2 –<br />

3 � 4 – 2<br />

6 3 � � 6 4 � � 12<br />

12<br />

cube (geometric figure)/<br />

cube (hauv kev suav lej):<br />

Ib tus number tsa mus rau<br />

peb npaug zog<br />

cube (in numeration)/cube (hauv kev suav<br />

lej): Ib tus number tsa mus rau peb npaug zog<br />

cumulative frequency/zaus xam tawm: Tus<br />

xam ntawm cov khoom data sib lawv<br />

customary system of measurement/<br />

txheejtxheem kev ntsuas ib txwm siv: Tus<br />

txheejtxheem kev ntsuas keev siv nyob hauv<br />

United States<br />

Pivtxwv: inches, feet, miles, ounces, pounds,<br />

tons, cups, quarts, gallons<br />

cylinder/cev thoob (cylinder):<br />

Ib lub peb-seem cev nrog ob<br />

txoj kab tib nqag, taw teem<br />

kheej sib dhos thiab txuas<br />

rau ib daim plag qhwv ncig<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 51 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

D<br />

decagon/kaum ce: Ib lub polygon nrog kaum<br />

tus ntug<br />

decimal system/txheejtxheem decimal: Ib<br />

tus txheejtxheem ua chaw suav hauv tus taw<br />

teebtim-10<br />

deductive reasoning/tswvyim xaiv tawm: Siv<br />

tswvyim zoo los qhia tias ib zaj lus muaj tseeb<br />

degree/degree: Lub yeem ntawm kev ntsuas<br />

rau cov kaum lossis huabcua<br />

denominator/denominator: Tus number<br />

hauv qab ntawm ib tug fraction uas qhia tias<br />

muaj pes tsawg thooj nyob hauv tas nrho<br />

Pivtxwv: 3 –<br />

4 denominator<br />

Density property of real numbers/Cai<br />

teebtim ntawm cov tseem number: Txoj cai<br />

teev tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob tug<br />

tseem number, yeej ib txwm muaj lwm tus<br />

tseem number thiab<br />

dependent events/txheejxwm koom: Cov<br />

txheejxwm qhia tias qhov tshwmsim ntawm<br />

thawj nqe txheejxwm muaj feemcuam nrog<br />

qhov tshwmsim ntawm nqe txheejxwm tom<br />

qab<br />

diagonal/kab txiav kaum: Ib yas kab uas<br />

txuas ob lub hau kaum tsis sib npuab ntawm<br />

ib lub polygon<br />

diameter/diameter: Ib yas kab uas txiav dhau<br />

lub plawv nrog ntawm ib lub vojvoog thiab ho<br />

xaus cov pob xaus saum lub vojvoog, lossis<br />

saum chaw kawg ntawm ncua kab ntawd<br />

difference/txawv: Tus tshwmsim thaum muab<br />

ib tus number rho tawm ntawm lwm tus<br />

dilation/nthuav: Ib txoj kev hloov uas nthuav<br />

dav lossis nthuav nqaim ntawm ib lub cev<br />

dimension/seem cev: Qhov ntev, luv, lossis<br />

siab ntawm ib lub cev duab


direct variation/hloov ncaj: Ib txoj kev sib<br />

txuas ntawm ob tug variables, uas nyob hauv,<br />

cov data nce lossis txo thoojtxhij raws ib tug<br />

nqi cuam<br />

discount/nqis: Qhov nqi txo los ntawm tus<br />

nqi chiv<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/Cai faib raws kev tsuam rau kev<br />

ntxiv: Txoj cai teev tias yog nej tsuam ib nqe<br />

ntawv xam rau ib tus number, nej yuav tau<br />

tus tshwmsim tibyam li nej tsuam txhua tus<br />

ntxiv rau tib tug number ntawd thiab muab<br />

cov tsuam tawm los sib ntxiv.<br />

(G6: Distributive Property/Cai Faib)<br />

Pivtxwv: 5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) � (5 � 1)<br />

dividend/tus yuam faib: Tus number raug<br />

muab faib hauv ib zaj teebmeem kev faib lej<br />

Pivtxwv: Hauv 8 � 4 � 2, 8 yog tus yuam faib.<br />

divisible/faib tau: Muab faib tau rau ib tug<br />

number thiab tsis muaj tus seem li<br />

Division Property of Equality/Cai Faib raws<br />

kev Sib Npaug: Txoj cai teev tias yog nej<br />

muab ob sab ntawm ib tus equation los faib<br />

rau ib tus number txawv zero, tus equation<br />

tshiab ntawd yuav muaj zaj lus teb zoo<br />

tibyam<br />

divisor/tus faib: Tus number uas nej siv faib<br />

lwm tus hauv ib zaj teebmeem kev faib lej<br />

Pivtxwv: Hauv 8 � 4 � 2, 4 yog tus faib.<br />

dodecahedron/dodecahedron: Ib lub<br />

polyhedron nrog 12 sab ntsa<br />

domain/cheebtsam: Pawg nqi tsim tau tas<br />

nrho uas muaj tau ntawm ib tus function<br />

double-bar graph/duab teev kab ntsug txooj:<br />

Ib daim duab teev kab ntsug uas muab ob<br />

pawg data sib txuas los sib piv<br />

double-line graph/duab teev kab txooj: Ib<br />

daim duab teev qhia tias ob pawg data uas sib<br />

txuas hloov raws sij hawm licas<br />

E<br />

edge/ntug: Ncua kab, uas<br />

nrog ua ke ntawd, muaj<br />

ob sab ntsa ntawm ib lub<br />

polyhedron los sib tshuam<br />

elements/timkhawv: Cov lo lus, number,<br />

lossis khoom hauv ib pawg<br />

empirical probability/probability raws<br />

hmoo: Saib experimental probability<br />

(probability raws kev sim).<br />

Cov<br />

Ntug<br />

empty set/pawg qhuav: Ib pawg uas tsis muaj<br />

ib tug timkhawv li<br />

endpoint/pob xaus: Ib lub pob xaus ntawm<br />

ib yas kab lossis kab sab.<br />

enlargement/nthuav dav: Ib txoj kev nthuav<br />

dav ntawm txhua seem cev hauv cov<br />

proportion sib xws<br />

equally likely outcomes/qhov tshwmsim yuav<br />

luag sib npaug: Cov tshwmsim uas muaj<br />

probability sib xws<br />

equation/equation: Ib kab lej uas qhia tias ob<br />

zaj ntawv zoo tibyam<br />

equilateral triangle/peb ces xwmfab<br />

xwmyeem: Ib lub peb ces nrog peb lub kaum<br />

sib dhos<br />

equivalent/tibyam: Muaj nqi tibyam<br />

equivalent fractions/tibyam fraction: Cov<br />

fractions uas ntaus tau nqi tibyam lossis muaj<br />

tus txhwmsim zoo tibyam<br />

equivalent ratios/tibyam ratio: Cov Ratio<br />

uas muaj kev sib piv zoo tibyam<br />

estimate/kwvyees: Ib nqe lus teb uas nyob ze<br />

tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tseem thiab txawm<br />

los ntawm kev ntaus nqi ze, sib ntxiv, siv tus<br />

zauv pib-xaus, cov number sib phim, lossis<br />

lwm hom yeebyam; los nrhiav ib qhov lus teb<br />

xws li ntawd<br />

evaluate/luj ntsuas: Nrhiav tus nqi ntawm ib<br />

zaj ntawv numerical lossis algebraic<br />

even number/number txooj: Ib tus number<br />

kheej uas muab faib tau rau ob.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 52 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


event/txheejxwm: Ib qhov tshwmsim lossis<br />

pawg tshwmsim ntawm ib yam dejnum sim<br />

lossis thajtsam<br />

expanded form/cev nthuav: Ib tus number<br />

sau raws li kev xam ntawm cov nqi zauv<br />

Pivtxwv: 236,536 sau raws li lub cev nthuav<br />

yog 200,000 � 30,000 � 6,000 �<br />

500 � 30 � 6.<br />

experiment (probability)/dejnum sim<br />

(probability): Hauv probability, txhua tes<br />

dejnum txawm los ntawm hmoo (xws li pov<br />

npib)<br />

experimental probability/probability raws<br />

kev sim: Tus ratio ntawm tus number zaus<br />

uas ib yam txheejxwm muaj tawm rau tus<br />

number tas nrho ntawm kev sim, lossis cov<br />

zaus uas tes dejnum raug ua<br />

exponent/exponent: Tus number uas qhia<br />

tias tus taw teem raug siv pes tsawg zaus los<br />

ua ib tus factor teebtim<br />

Pivtxwv: 2 3 � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; 3 yog tus<br />

exponent.<br />

exponential decay/yaj ntshis: Muaj tau hauv<br />

ib tus function exponential thaum tus<br />

function tshwmsim f(x) me zujzus ho tus tso<br />

rau x pheej loj zujzus tuaj.<br />

exponential form/cev exponential: Ib tus<br />

number muaj lub cev exponential thaum nws<br />

raug sau raws ib tus taw teem nrog rau ib tus<br />

exponent.<br />

Pivtxwv: 4 2 muaj ib lub cev exponential los<br />

sawv rau 4 � 4.<br />

exponential function/exponential function:<br />

Ib tus function tsis raws kab sab, nyob hauv,<br />

tus variable yog tus exponent<br />

exponential growth/kev loj hlob exponential:<br />

Muaj tau hauv ib tug function exponential<br />

thaum tus tshwmsim f(x) loj zujzus hos tus<br />

tso rau x me zujzus<br />

expression/zaj ntawv: Ib zaj lus lej uas muaj<br />

kev ua lej, cov number, thiab/ lossis cov variable<br />

extrapolation/kev kwvyees rau: Ib zaj<br />

kwvyees lossis xam pom ntawm ib tus nqi tsis<br />

paub, xam raws cov nqi paub lawd<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 53 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

F<br />

face/sab ntsa: Ib daim plag ntawm ib lub<br />

polyhedron<br />

factor/factor, teebtim: Ib tus number uas<br />

muab tsuam rau lwm tus kom tau ib tus<br />

tsuam tawm<br />

factor tree/ntoo factor: Ib daim duab kos<br />

qhia txog tias ib tus number kheej raug rhuav<br />

tawm los teeb raws nws cov thawj factor<br />

factorial/factorial: Tus tsuam tawm ntawm<br />

cov number kheej tas nrho tsuas txwv zero<br />

uas tsawg tshaj lossis npaum li tus number<br />

muab los<br />

Pivtxwvs: 4 factorial � 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1<br />

0! muab ntaus nqi ua 1.<br />

Fahrenheit/Fahrenheit: Ib tus tsi ntsuas<br />

huabcua, nyob hauv, 32° F yog lub pob dej<br />

khov thiab 212° F yog lub pob dej npau<br />

fair/ncaj: Thaum txhua yam tshwmsim ntawm<br />

ib zaj dejnum sim los tau zoo yuav luag tibyam<br />

tas, hais tau tawm tias tes dejnum ncaj lawm<br />

fair games/uasi ncaj: Yam uasi, nyob hauv,<br />

cov neeg uasi muaj hmoo tibyam los yeej<br />

favorable outcome/tshwmsim ciasiab: Ib<br />

yam tshwmsim nej tos ntsoov kom tau los<br />

ntawm kev sim ua tes dejnum experiment<br />

Fibonacci sequence/seem Fibonacci: Ib seem<br />

lej tsis txawj kawg ntawm cov numbers (1, 1,<br />

2, 3, 5, 8, 13,…); pib ntawm tus number thij<br />

peb mus, txhua tus number puav leej yog tus<br />

xam tawm los ntawm ob tug xub ntej; nws<br />

tau npe tis los ntawm tus kws lej Leonardo<br />

Fibonacci nyob rau tiam kaum peb.<br />

first differences/thawj qhov sib txawv: Ib<br />

seem lej txawm los ntawm kev rho txhua nqe<br />

ntawm ib seem tawm ntawm nqe tom ntej<br />

first quartile/thawj plaub theem: Tus median<br />

ntawm feem tsawg hauv nrab qis ntawm ib<br />

pawg data; thiab hu ua lower quartile (thawj<br />

plaub theem qis).<br />

formula/formula: Ib tus cai qhia kev sib<br />

txuas ntawm cov nqi<br />

Pivtxwv: A � lw


fractal/fractal: Ib tus choj nrog tej theem<br />

zwm dua txog cov cev uas zoo li cov tas nrho<br />

tabsis ho sib txawv duab thoob plaws<br />

fraction/fraction: Ib tus number nrog lub<br />

cev a –<br />

b ,uas b � 0<br />

frequency table/rooj zaus: Ib lub rooj uas teev<br />

cov timkhawv uake raws tus number zaug,<br />

lossis frequency, uas cov timkhawv tshwmsim<br />

front-end estimation/kwvyees raws zauv<br />

pib-xaus: Ib tus yeebyam kwvyees, nyob hauv,<br />

muab thawj tus zauv ntawm cov ntxiv los<br />

ntxiv thiab muab qhov xam tawm kho kom<br />

ze tshaj rau qhov lus teb<br />

function/function: Ib txoj kev sib txuas<br />

tsorau-tshwmtawm uas tsuas muaj ib yam<br />

tshwmtawm nkaus xwb rau txhua yam tsorau<br />

function notation/kev sau function: Kev sau<br />

siv los teev ib tus function<br />

Pivtxwv: y � 3x 2 f(x) � 3x 2 ; f(x) nyeem<br />

tias “f ntawm x.”<br />

function table/rooj teev function: Ib lub rooj<br />

teev cov nkawm number raws seem kws yog<br />

cov lus teb rau ib tus function<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle/Cai Suav<br />

Tseemceeb: Yog ib zaj txheejxwm muaj m yam<br />

tshwmsim tau thiab yog lwm zaj txheejxwm<br />

ob muaj n yam tshwmsim tau tomqab thawj<br />

zaj txheejxwm, ces tas nrho muaj m � n yam<br />

tshwmsim tau rau ob zaj txheejxwm<br />

G<br />

geometric probability/geometric probability:<br />

Ib tus probability teem los ntawm kev piv<br />

ntsuas cov cev geometric<br />

geometric sequence/seem geometric: Ib kab<br />

teev cov number uas muaj ib tus koom ratio<br />

ntawm cov nqe sib lawv sib liag<br />

Golden Ratio/Ratio Kub: Ib tus ratio yuav<br />

luag loj li 1.618. Hauv ib lub plaub ces kub,<br />

tus ratio ntawm tus ntug ntev thiab tus ntug<br />

luv yuav luag yog 1.618.<br />

graph of an equation/duab teev ntawm ib tus<br />

equation: Ib daim duab teev ib pawg number<br />

raws seem uas yog lus teb rau tus equation<br />

great circle/vojvoog loj: Ib lub vojvoog saum<br />

ib lub sphere kom tias daim plag zwm lub<br />

vojvoog tshab dhau lub plawv sphere<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/koom factor<br />

loj tshaj: Tus koom factor loj tshaj ntawm ob<br />

lossis ntau tus number paub tau<br />

H<br />

height/siab<br />

Hauv ib lub pyramid lossis cev ntse hau<br />

(cone), ncua kev txiav raug (perpendicular)<br />

ntawm tus taw teem los rau lub hau kaum<br />

rov (opposite vertex).<br />

Hauv ib lub peb ces lossis quadrilateral, ncua<br />

kev perpendicular ntawm tus taw teem los<br />

rau lub hau kaum rov (opposite vertex) lossis<br />

sab ntug.<br />

Hauv ib lub prism lossis cylinder, ncua kev<br />

perpendicular ntawm ob tus taw teem<br />

hemisphere/hemisphere: Ib nrab ntawm ib<br />

lub sphere<br />

heptagon/heptagon: Ib lub polygon uas muaj<br />

xya sab ntug<br />

hexagon/hexagon: Ib lub polygon uas muaj<br />

rau sab ntug<br />

histogram/histogram: Ib daim duab teev kab<br />

ntsug uas qhia tus number zaus (frequency)<br />

ntawm cov data hauv tej ntu sib luag<br />

horizon line/kab tav: Ib txoj kab tav uas yog<br />

tus neeg ntsia qib sab qhov muag<br />

hypotenuse/hypotenuse: Hauv ib lub raug<br />

peb ces (right triangle), sab ntug tig rau lub<br />

kaum raug<br />

I<br />

icosahedron/icosahedron: Ib lub polyhedron<br />

nrog 20 sab ntsa<br />

Identity Property of One/Cai Ceev kheej<br />

ntawm Ib: Txoj cai teev tias tus tsuam tawm<br />

ntawm 1 thiab txhua tus number yog tus<br />

number ntawd xwb<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 54 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Identity Property of Zero/Cai Ceev kheej<br />

ntawm Zero: Txoj cai teev tias tus xam tawm<br />

ntawm zero thiab txhua tus number yog tus<br />

number ntawd xwb<br />

if-then statement/yog-ces zaj ntawv: Ib zaj<br />

ntawv teev uas siv yog thiab ces los qia ib txoj<br />

kev txuas ntawm ob nqe ntawv<br />

Pivtxwv: Yog tas nrho cov ntug ntawm ib lub<br />

polygon sib ntev zos thiab tas nrho<br />

cov kaum ntsuas sib luag, ces lub<br />

polygon yog lub txwm (regular).<br />

image/duab: Ib lub cev zwm los ntawm ib<br />

txheej kev hloov<br />

impossible (probability)/tsis muaj li<br />

(probability): Yeej muaj tsis tau li; muaj ib<br />

tus probability 0.<br />

improper fraction/improper fraction: Ib tus<br />

fraction, nyob hauv, tus numerator loj dua<br />

lossis tibyam li tus denominator<br />

Pivtxwvs: 5 –<br />

5 , 5 –<br />

3<br />

independent events/txheejxwm twmzeej:<br />

Cov txheejxwm uas qhov tshwmsim ntawm<br />

ib zaj txheejxwm tsis cuam tshuam tus<br />

probability ntawm lwm tus li<br />

indirect measurement/kev ntsuas txawv: Tus<br />

yeebyam siv tib hom cev duab thiab<br />

proportion los nrhiav ib tus nqi luj<br />

inductive reasoning/tswvyim xam tau: Siv ib<br />

pwm timkhawv los muab ib zaj lus xaus<br />

inequality/inequality: Ib zaj ntawv lej uas qhia<br />

kev sib txuas ntawm cov nqe uas tsis sib npaug<br />

Pivtxwvs: 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

input/yam tso rau: Tus nqi hloov rau ib zaj<br />

ntawv lossis ib tus function<br />

integers/cov interger: Pawg number kheej<br />

thiab lawv cov rov<br />

interest/paj laum: Qhov nqi nyiaj tshaj ua<br />

nqi qiv lossis nqi siv nyiaj<br />

interior angles/kaum<br />

sab hauv: Cov kaum<br />

hauv nrog ntug ntawm<br />

ob txoj kab uas raug ib<br />

txoj kab txiav qaij. Hauv<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

daim duab kos, �c, �d, �e thiab �f yog cov<br />

kaum sab hauv.<br />

interquartile range/seem txawv txav: Qhov<br />

txawv los ntawm plaub theem siab dua thiab<br />

plaub theem qis dua ntawm ib pawg data<br />

intersecting lines/kab sib tshuam: Cov kab<br />

uas sib tshuam ncaj kiag rau ib lub pob<br />

intersection (sets)/chaw sib tshuam (pawg):<br />

Pawg timkhawv koom los ntawm ob lossis<br />

ntau pawg<br />

interval/ntu: Ntu seem los ntawm cov nqi<br />

hom cia saum ib txoj kab number lossis tus<br />

tsi luj ntsuas ntawm ib daim duab teev<br />

inverse operations/theem ua lej rov: Cov<br />

theem ua lej kws sib thim tau nyias rau nyias:<br />

kev xam thiab kev rho, lossis kev tsuam thiab<br />

kev faib<br />

inverse variation/kev hloov rov: Ib txoj kev<br />

sib txuas, nyob hauv, ib tus variable nce<br />

thaum lwm tus variable nqis; tus tsuam tawm<br />

ntawm cov variable yog ib tus khov<br />

(constant).<br />

irrational number/irrational number: Ib tus<br />

number uas muab sau tsis tau ua ib tus ratio<br />

ntawm ob tus integer lossis ua ib tus lees rov<br />

tau decimal lossis kawg tau decimal<br />

isolate the variable/tshem tus variable: Xav<br />

tau ib tus variable nkaus xwb rau ib tog<br />

ntawm tus equation lossis inequality kom<br />

daws tau teebmeem ntawm tus equation<br />

lossis inequality<br />

isometric drawing/kos duab isometric: Ib lub<br />

cev kos peb seem uas raug kos saum ib kab<br />

duab rau cov peb ces xwmfab xwmyeem<br />

(equilateral triangle)<br />

isosceles triangle/peb ces isosceles: Ib lub<br />

peb ces nrog tsawg kawg nkaus ob sab ntug<br />

sib dhos<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 55 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


K<br />

kite/kite: Ib lub quadrilateral nrog ob txwm<br />

ntug sib npuab, sib dhos<br />

L<br />

lateral face/sab ntsa tav: Hauv ib lub prism<br />

lossis ib lub pyramid, ib sab ntsa uas tsis yog<br />

ib sab taw teem<br />

lateral surface/plag tav: Hauv ib lub cylinder,<br />

daim plag kauv txuas rau tus taw teem kheej<br />

kheej; hauv ib lub cone, daim plag kauv uas<br />

tsis yog tus taw teem.<br />

Plag<br />

tav<br />

least common denominator (LCD)/koom<br />

denominator me tshaj: Tus koom multiple<br />

me tshaj ntawm ob lossis ntau tus<br />

denominator<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/koom<br />

multiple me tshaj: Tus number me tshaj, uas<br />

tsis yog zero, uas yog ib tug multiple ntawm<br />

ob lossis ntau tus number muab los<br />

legs/ceg: Hauv ib lub raug peb ces, ob sab<br />

ntug thaiv lub raug kaum; hauv lub peb ces<br />

isoceles, txwm ntug uas sib dhos.<br />

like fractions/fraction sib xws: Cov fractions<br />

uas muaj denominator zoo tibyam<br />

Pivtxwv: 5 ––<br />

12 thiab 3 ––<br />

12 yog fraction sib xws.<br />

like terms/nqe sib xws: Ob lossis ntau nqe<br />

uas muaj tus variable zoo tibyam thiab nce<br />

rau tib lub zog<br />

Pivtxwv: Hauv zaj ntawv 3a � 5b � 12a,<br />

3a thiab 12a yog cov nqe sib xws.<br />

line/kab: Ib txoj kab ncaj qha uas kos tsis<br />

muaj xaus rau ob tog sib rov<br />

line graph/duab teev kab: Ib daim duab teev<br />

uas siv yas kab los qhia saib cov data hloov<br />

licas<br />

line of best fit/kab raug zoo tshaj: Txoj kab<br />

uas los ze tshaj plaws rau txhua lub pob saum<br />

ib daim duab kos<br />

line plot/kab kos: Ib txoj kab number nrog cim<br />

lossis pob uas qhia txog zaus lossis frequency<br />

line segment/yas kab: Ib yas ntawm ib txoj<br />

kab uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub pob<br />

line of reflection/kab tsom rov: Ib txoj kab<br />

uas kem ib lub cev rau sab tod kom txawm<br />

tau ib daim duab tsom iav rau lub cev keeb<br />

txawm<br />

line of symmetry/kab ntxaib: Kab “tsom iav”<br />

xav tau nyob hauv kab ntxaib.<br />

line symmetry/kab ntxaib: Ib lub cev muaj<br />

kab ntxaib yog ib nrab yog daim duab tsom<br />

iav rau lwm nrab.<br />

(G6: symmetry/ntxaib)<br />

linear equation/linear equation: Ib tus<br />

equation uas cov lus teb txawm ua ib kab ncaj<br />

saum ib daim plag pob coordinate<br />

linear function/linear function: Ib tus<br />

function uas daim duab teev yog ib txoj kab<br />

ncaj<br />

linear inequality/linear inequality: Ib kab<br />

ntawv lej siv �, �, � lossis � uas daim duab<br />

teev yog ib thaj tsam txuam rau ib txoj kab<br />

ncaj ua ciam kem<br />

lower extreme/tog qis dua: Tus number uas<br />

me tshaj hauv ib pawg data<br />

lower quartile/plaub theem qis dua: Tus<br />

median ntawm nrab nqis hauv ib pawg data;<br />

thiab hu ua first quartile (thawj plaub theem)<br />

M<br />

mean/mean: Tus xam tawm ntawm ib pawg<br />

data faib rau tus number ntawm cov<br />

timkhawv hauv pawg data; thiab hu ua<br />

average<br />

measure of central tendency/ntsuas ntu<br />

nruab nrab: Ib tus nqi ntsuas siv los teev tus<br />

nruab nrab ntawm ib pawg data; tus mean,<br />

median, thiab mode (pwm) yog cov nqi<br />

ntawm ntu nruab nrab.<br />

median/median: Tus number nruab nrab<br />

lossis tus mean (average) ntawm ob tus<br />

number nruab nrab hauv ib pawg data teeb<br />

raws seem<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 56 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


metric system of measurement/txheejtxheem<br />

metric ntawm kev ntsuas: Ib tus txheejtxheem<br />

decimal ntawm kev hnyav thiab kev ntsuas<br />

uas raug siv thoob plaws qab ntuj hauv txuj<br />

tshawb nrhiav thiab raug sib koom siv thoob<br />

plaws ntiajteb<br />

Pivtxwv: Centimeters, meters, kilometers,<br />

gram, kilograms, milliliters, thiab<br />

liters yog tas nrho cov yeem metric<br />

ntawm kev ntsuas.<br />

midpoint/pob nruab nrab: Lub pob uas faib<br />

ib yas kab ua ob yas sib dhos<br />

mixed number/number sib txuam: Ib tus<br />

number txawm los ntawm ib tus number<br />

kheej uas tsis yog lub zero thiab ib tug<br />

fraction<br />

mode/mode (pwm): Tus number lossis cov<br />

number uas tawm heev tshaj hauv ib pawg<br />

data; thaum cov number tas nrho pheej tawm<br />

nrog tib tug frequency ntawd, peb hais tias tsis<br />

muaj pwm.<br />

monomial/monomial: Ib zaj ntawv<br />

numerical lossis algebraic nrog ib nqe ntawv<br />

Pivtxwv: n,5n 2 ,8,�3<br />

Multiplication Property of Equality/Cai<br />

Tsuam ntawm Equality: Txoj cai teev tias yog<br />

nej tsuam ob sab ntawm ib tus equation rau<br />

tib tug number, tus equation tshiab ntawd<br />

yuav muaj tib qhov lus teb li qub xwb<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/Cai Tsuam<br />

ntawm Zero: Txoj cai teev tias rau tas nrho cov<br />

tseem number a, a � 0 � 0 thiab 0 � a � 0<br />

multiplicative inverse/tus tsuam rov: Ib tus<br />

number tsuam rau nws tus rov hauv kev<br />

tsuam yog 1; thiab hu ua reciprocal.<br />

Pivtxwv: Tus rov hauv kev tsuam ntawm 4 –<br />

5<br />

yog 5 –<br />

4 .<br />

multiple/multiple: Tus tsuam tawm ntawm<br />

txhua tus number thiab ib tus number kheej<br />

yog ib tus multiple ntawm tus number ntawd.<br />

mutually exclusive/tshem tawm thooj txij:<br />

Ob qhov txheejxwm puav leej raug tshem<br />

tawm thooj txhij yog nkawd txawm tsis tau<br />

los thaum sim ib tes dejnum.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 57 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/kev txuas tig: Ob pawg<br />

data muaj ib zaj kev txuas tig thaum cov nqi<br />

ntawm ib pawg data nce hos cov data ntawm<br />

lwm pawg nqis.<br />

negative integer/integer luv: Ib tus integer<br />

tsawg dua zero<br />

(G6: negative number/number luv)<br />

net/ntxaij: Ib hom kev teeb ntawm cov cev<br />

ob-seem uas muab tais tau kom ua tau ib lub<br />

polyhedron<br />

no correlation/tsis muaj kev txuas haum: Ob<br />

pawg data tsis muaj kev txuas sib haum<br />

thaum tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm nkawd<br />

cov data nqi.<br />

nonlinear function/function tsis linear: Ib<br />

tus function uas daim duab teev tsis yog ib<br />

txoj kab ncaj<br />

nonterminating decimal/decimal tsis kawg:<br />

Ib tus decimal uas tsis xaus li<br />

numerator/numerator: Tus number saum toj<br />

ntawm ib tus fraction uas qhia tias muaj pes<br />

tsawg thooj ntawm lub cev kheej tas nrho coj<br />

los tuav xam<br />

Pivtxwv: 4 – numerator<br />

5<br />

numerical expression/zaj ntawv numerical:<br />

Ib zaj ntawv uas zwm tau cov numbers thiab<br />

kev ua lej nkaus xwb<br />

O<br />

obtuse angle/kaum dav: Ib lub kaum uas<br />

ntsuas tau ntau dua 90° tabsis me dua 180°.<br />

obtuse triangle/peb ces dav: Ib lub peb ces<br />

zwm tau ib lub kaum dav<br />

octagon/octagon: Ib lub polygon nrog yim<br />

sab ntsa<br />

octahedron/octahedron: Ib lub polyhedron<br />

nrog yim sab ntsa<br />

odd number/number khib: Ib tus number<br />

kheej uas faib tsis tau rau ob<br />

odds/cov khib: Ib txoj kev piv ntawm yam<br />

tshwmsim ciasiab thiab tsis ciasiab


odds against/tig rov rau: Tus ratio ntawm<br />

yam tshwmsim tsis cia siab thiab yam<br />

tshwmsim ciasiab<br />

odds in favor/tig haum rau: Tus ratio ntawm<br />

yam tshwmsim cia siab thiab yam tshwmsim<br />

tsis ciasiab<br />

opposites/tig, rov: Ob tus number uas muaj<br />

ncua kev ntev tibyam los ntawm lub plawv<br />

zero mus saum ib txoj kab number; thiab hu<br />

ua additive inverse (tus ntxiv tig).<br />

order of operations/seem xam lej: Ib txoj cai<br />

ntsuas cov zaj ntawv: xub ua cov lej hauv<br />

ntug parentheses, ces xam cov zog thiab cov<br />

cag, ces ua tas nrho cov tsuam thiab cov faib<br />

txij sab lauj mus rau sab xis, thiab xam cov<br />

ntxiv thiab rho txij sab lauj mus rau sab xis.<br />

ordered pair/txwm raws seem, nkawm raws<br />

seem: Ib txwm number uas coj mus siv<br />

nrhiav ib lub pob saum ib daim plag pob sib<br />

txuas (coordinate)<br />

origin/plawv, nrog: Lub pob uas txoj kab<br />

x-axis thiab y-axis los sib tshuam saum daim<br />

plag coordinate; (0,0).<br />

orthographic drawing/kev kos orthographic:<br />

Ib txoj kev kos ntawm ib lub cev uas siv kev<br />

tsom kwm tuaj xub ntiag, sab tav, thiab saud<br />

tuaj<br />

outcome (probability)/tshwmsim<br />

(probability): Ib yam tshwmsim tau los<br />

ntawm ib qhov probability hauv kev sim<br />

outlier/tawm dua: Ib tus nqi loj dua lossis<br />

tsawg dua lwm cov nyob hauv ib pawg data<br />

output/tshwm tawm: Tus nqi uas tawm los<br />

ntawm kev hloov cev ntawm ib yam tso-rau<br />

mus hauv ib nqe ntawv lossis ib tus function<br />

overestimate/cuabyees dhau: Ib yam kwvyees<br />

uas loj dua qhov tseem lus teb<br />

parabola/parabola: Daim duab teev ntawm<br />

ib tus quadratic function<br />

parallel lines/kab sib ntxaib: Cov kab saum<br />

ib daim plag uas tsis sib txhuam li<br />

P<br />

parallelogram/parallelogram: Ib lub<br />

quadrilateral nrog ob txwm ntug sib ntxaib<br />

Pascal’s triangle/Pascal lub peb ces: Ib hom<br />

kev tso cov number raws seem peb ces, nyob<br />

hauv, txhua kab pib thiab xaus nrog 1 thiab<br />

txhua lwm tus number yog tus xam ntawm<br />

ob tus number nyob saum toj ntawm nws.<br />

pentagon/pentagon: Ib lub polygon uas muaj<br />

tsib tus ntug<br />

percent/feem pua: Ib tus ratio uas piv ib tus<br />

number rau 100<br />

Pivtxwv: 45% � 45 –––<br />

100<br />

percent of change/feem pua hloov: Qhov nqi<br />

teev ua feem pua tias ib tus number nce lossis<br />

nqis<br />

percent of decrease/feem pua nqis: Ib qhov<br />

feem pua hloov uas teev txog kev nqis ntawm<br />

ib tus nqi<br />

percent of increase/feem pua nce: Ib qhov<br />

feem pua hloov uas teev txog kev nce ntawm<br />

ib tus nqi<br />

perfect square/perfect square: Ib tus square<br />

ntawm ib tus number kheej<br />

Pivtxwvs: 5 � 5 � 25 thiab 7 2 � 49; 25 thiab<br />

49 yog cov perfect square.<br />

perimeter/perimeter: Ncua kev ncig ib lub<br />

polygon<br />

permutation/kev hloov chaw: Ib txoj kev tso<br />

cov timkhawv lossis txheejxwm, nyob hauv,<br />

qhov seem tso tseem ceeb heev<br />

perpendicular bisector/kab perpendicular<br />

txiav nruab nrab: Ib txoj kab uas tshuam ib<br />

yas kab rau nws lub plawv nruab nrab thiab<br />

ho perpendicular rau yas kab ntawd thiab<br />

perpendicular lines/<br />

cov kab perpendicular:<br />

Cov kab uas tshuam los<br />

ua cov kaum raug<br />

perspective/cev sawv:<br />

Ib hom yeebyam siv los ua kom ib lub cev<br />

peb seem sawv tau muaj caj ces tob thiab deb<br />

saum ib daim plag tiaj<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 58 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


pi (�)/phai (�): Tus ratio ntawm txoj kab<br />

ncig (circumference) ntawm ib lub vojvoog<br />

rau yas ntev ntawm nws tus diameter;<br />

� � 3.14 lossis 22 ––<br />

7 .<br />

plane/plag: Ib daim plag tiaj uas txuas mus<br />

tas zog<br />

Platonic solids/cev khov Platonic: Tsib lub<br />

txwm polyhedrons: tetrahedron, cube,<br />

octahedron, dodecahedron, thiab<br />

icosahedron<br />

point/pob: Ib qhov chaw dhos ruaj hauv<br />

nruab ntug<br />

point-slope form/pob-ntxhab txawm: Tus<br />

equation ntawm ib txoj kab kws muab sau<br />

tau raws lub cev y � y1 � m(x � x1 ), uas m<br />

yog tus ntxhab thiab (x1 , y1 ) yog ib lub pob<br />

tshwjxeeb saum txoj kab<br />

point symmetry/pob symmetry: Ib lub cev<br />

muaj pob symmetry yog nws txuam nrog nws<br />

tus kheej tom qab tig ib ncig 180° rov los txog<br />

polygon/polygon: Ib lub cev xaus-plag<br />

txawm los ntawm peb lossis ntau txoj yas kab<br />

uas sib tshuam rau lawv cov pob kawg (hau<br />

kaum) nkaus xwb<br />

polyhedron/polyhedron: Ib lub cev peb<br />

seem, nyob hauv, tas nrho cov plag lossis cov<br />

ntsa yog polygon<br />

polynomial/polynomial: Ib zaj ntawv<br />

algebraic uas yog tus xam lossis tus seem<br />

ntawm ob lossis ntau nqe ntawv<br />

population/pejxeem: Tas nrho cov pawg<br />

timkhawv lossis tib neeg suav los koom nrog<br />

txoj kev tshawb nug<br />

positive correlation/kev txuas haum zoo:<br />

Ob pawg data muaj ib txoj kev txuas haum<br />

zoo thaum lawv cov nqi data nce lossis nqis<br />

thooj txhij.<br />

positive integer/integer ntxiv: Ib tus integer<br />

loj dua zero<br />

(G6: positive number/number ntxiv)<br />

power/zog: Ib tus number tsim los ntawm<br />

kev nce ib tus taw teem rau ib tus exponent<br />

Pivtxwv: 2 3 � 8, ces 8 yog lub zog thij 3<br />

ntawm 2.<br />

precision/raug: Qib tob ntawm cov txhais<br />

hauv ib txoj kev ntsuas, teev los ntawm lub<br />

yeem hauv kev ntsuas<br />

prediction/kwvyees: Tej yam uas ib txwm<br />

raug hais tawm tias yuav tshwmsim rau lub<br />

neej pemsuab<br />

prime factorization/prime factorization: Ib<br />

tus number sau raws li tus tsuam tawm<br />

ntawm nws cov prime factors<br />

Pivtxwvs: 10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 2 3 � 3<br />

prime number/prime number: Ib tus<br />

number kheej loj dua 1 uas muaj txwm nkaus<br />

ob tus factor, nws tus kheej thiab 1<br />

principal/peev: Tus nqi nyiaj xub ntej qiv<br />

lossis tseg cia<br />

principal square root/tuam cag square: Tus<br />

cag square tsis luv (nonnegative) ntawm ib tus<br />

number<br />

Pivtxwv: ��25 � 5. 5 yog tus tuam cag square.<br />

prism/prism: Lub polyhedron uas muaj ob<br />

sab polygon-taw teem sib dhos thiab lwm sab<br />

ntsa uas yog parallelogram tas nrho<br />

probability/probability: Ib tus number txij 0<br />

rau 1 (lossis 0% rau 100%) uas teev tias ib<br />

qhov txheejxwm yuav tshwmsim tau licas<br />

product/tsuam tawm: Qhov tshwmsim<br />

thaum muab ob lossis ntau tus number los<br />

sib tsuam<br />

proper fraction/proper fraction: Ib tus<br />

fraction, nyob hauv, tus numerator me dua<br />

tus denominator<br />

Pivtxwvs: 3 –<br />

4 , 1 ––<br />

12 , 7 –<br />

8<br />

proportion/proportion: Ib tus equation uas<br />

teev tias ob tus ratio sib luag<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 59 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


protractor/protractor: Ib hom twj ntsuas cov<br />

kaum<br />

pyramid/pyramid: Ib lub<br />

polyhedron nrog ib lub taw<br />

teem polygon thiab cov<br />

ntug peb ces uas puav leej<br />

los sib tshuam uake saum<br />

tib lub hau kaum (vertex)<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/Pythagorean tus Cai:<br />

Hauv ib lub peb ces raug, tus square ntawm<br />

txoj hypotenuse loj tib yam li tus xam tawm<br />

ntawm ob tus squares ntawm ob sab ceg<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/suam quadrant: Txoj kab x-axes<br />

thiab y-axes faib daim plag coordinate ua plaub<br />

suam. Txhua suam hu ua ib suam quadrant.<br />

quadratic equation/quadratic equation: Ib<br />

tus equation nrog lub cev ax 2 � bx � c � 0,<br />

uas a � 0.<br />

quadratic function/quadratic function: Ib<br />

tus function nrog lub cev y � ax 2 � bx � c,<br />

uas a � 0.<br />

Pivtxwv: y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y ��3x2 quadrilateral/quadrilateral: Ib lub polygon<br />

nrog plaub sab ntug<br />

quarterly/plaub zeeg: Plaub zaug hauv ib<br />

xyoos<br />

quartile/quartile: Peb tus nqi, ib tug ntawd<br />

yog tus median, uas faib ib pawg data ua plaub<br />

pawg. Saib ntxiv first quartile (thawj plaub<br />

theem), third quartile (plaub theem thij peb).<br />

quotient/lej faib tau: Tus tshwmsim thaum<br />

muab ib tus number faib rau lwm tus<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/cim radical: Tus cim � � siv<br />

los sawv cev rau tus cag square tsis luv<br />

(nonnegative) ntawm ib tus number<br />

radius/radius (tes): Ib yas<br />

kab nrog ib lub pob xaus rau<br />

lub plawv vojvoog thiab lub<br />

pob xaus sab tod nyob saum<br />

lub vojvoog, lossis yas ntev<br />

ntawm yas kab ntawd<br />

random numbers/number kwvyees: Hauv ib<br />

pawg number kwv yees, txhua tus number<br />

muaj hmoo tibyam los raug xaiv<br />

random sample/qauv sim kwvyees: Ib tes<br />

dejnum sim, nyob hauv, txhua tus lossis txhua<br />

yam khoom ntawm cov timkhawv tas nrho<br />

muaj hmoo tibyam los raug xaiv<br />

range (in statistics)/suam (hauv statistic):<br />

Qhov txawv los ntawm cov nqi siab tshaj<br />

thiab cov nqi qis tshaj hauv ib pawg data<br />

range (in a function)/rseem (huav ib tus<br />

function): Pawg nqi muaj tau tas nrho ntawm<br />

ib tus function<br />

rate/feem teev: Ib tus ratio uas muab tau ob<br />

hom nqi, ntsuas raws yeem sib txawv, los sib<br />

piv<br />

Pivtxwv: Tus pwm khiav ceev yog 55 mais rau<br />

ib teev, lossis 55mi/h.<br />

rate of interest/feem teev paj laum: Tus feem<br />

pua hloov lossis tau los ntawm cov nyiaj<br />

txiag, saib simple interest (paj laum yoojyim).<br />

ratio/ratio: Ib txoj kev piv ob hom nqi raws<br />

txoj kev faib<br />

Pivtxwv: 12 rau 25, 12:25, 12 ––<br />

25<br />

rational number/rational number: Txhua tus<br />

number uas muab sau tawm tau ua ib tus<br />

ratio ntawm ob tus integer<br />

Pivtxwvs: 6 sau tau ua 6 –<br />

1 thiab 0.5 ua 1 –<br />

2 .<br />

ray/sab kab: Ib tog ntawm ib txoj kab uas pib<br />

ntawm ib lub pob xaus thiab kos mus tsis<br />

txawj kawg<br />

real number/tseem number: Ib tus rational<br />

lossis irrational number<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 60 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


eciprocal/reciprocal: Ib ntawm ob tus<br />

number uas tus tsuam tawm yog 1; thiab hu<br />

ua multiplicative inverse (tus tsuam rov).<br />

Pivtxwvs: Tus reciprocal ntawm 2 – 3 yog 3 – 2 .Tus<br />

reciprocal ntawm n yog 1 – n .<br />

rectangle/rectangle: Ib lub parallelogram<br />

nrog plaub lub kaum raug<br />

rectangular prism/<br />

rectangular prism: Ib lub<br />

polyhedron uas cov taw<br />

teem yog cov rectangle<br />

thiab lwm cov ntsa yog<br />

cov parallelogram<br />

reduction/txo: Ib yam txo luv ntawm ib lub<br />

cev ntau seem<br />

reflection/ci: Ib txoj kev hloov ntawm ib lub<br />

cev uas ntxeev lub cev ntawd rau sab tom ib<br />

txoj kab<br />

regular pyramid/txwm pyramid: Ib lub<br />

pyramid uas tus taw teem yog ib lub txwm<br />

polygon thiab cov ntsa tas nrho sib dhos<br />

regular polygon/txwm polygon: Ib lub<br />

polygon nrog ntug thiab kaum sib dhos<br />

regular tessellation/txwm tessellation:<br />

Ib lub tessellation txawm los ntawm cov<br />

txwm polygon<br />

relatively prime/ze prime: Ob tus number<br />

yog number prime yog nkawd tus koom<br />

factor loj tshaj (GCF) yog 1<br />

Pivtxwv: 7 thiab 15 yog ob tus ze prime.<br />

repeating decimal/decimal txooj: Ib tus<br />

decimal, nyob hauv, ib lossis ntau tus zauv<br />

rov tshwm tas li<br />

Pivtxwv: 0.757575… � 0. ––<br />

75<br />

rhombus/rhombus: Ib lub parallelogram uas<br />

cov ntug tas nrho sib dhos<br />

right angle/kaum raug: Ib lub kaum uas<br />

ntsuas tau 90°<br />

right cylinder/cylinder raug: Ib lub cylinder,<br />

nyob hauv, cov taw teem yog cov vojvoog<br />

parallel uas perpendicular rau tus ntug<br />

ntawm lub cylinder<br />

right cone/cev ntse hau raug: Ib lub cev ntse<br />

hau, nyob hauv, ib txoj kab kos ntawm tu taw<br />

teem rau lub ncov (vertex) txiav dhau lub<br />

plawv ntawm tus taw teem<br />

right triangle/peb ces raug: Ib lub peb ces<br />

uas muaj ib lub kaum raug (right angle)<br />

rise/sawv: Txoj kab ntsug hloov thaum tus<br />

ntxhab ntawm txoj kab raug teev raws li tus<br />

sawv<br />

ratio khiav<br />

, lossis “sawv saum khiav” .<br />

rotation/kiv ncig: Ib txoj kev hloov, nyob<br />

hauv, ib lub cev kiv ncig ib lub pob<br />

rotational symmetry/kev kiv symmetry: Ib<br />

lub cev muaj kev ncig symmetry yog nws kiv<br />

tau tsawg dua 360° ncig ib lub plawv pob<br />

thiab tsuam dhos nrog lub cev keeb txawm.<br />

rounding/ntaus nqi ze: Hloov ib tus number<br />

nrog nws tus nqi kwvyees rau ib qhov chaw<br />

nqi.<br />

Pivtxwv: 2,354 ntaus nqi ze tshaj rau txhiab<br />

yog 2,000 thiab 2,354 354 ntaus nqi<br />

ze tshaj rau 100 yog 2,400.<br />

run/khiav: Txoj kab tav hloov thaum tus<br />

ntxhab ntawm ib txoj kab raug teev raws li<br />

sawv<br />

tus ratio khiav , lossis “sawv saum khiav” .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 61 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

S<br />

sales tax/se muag: Ib feem pua ntawm tus nqi<br />

ib yam khoom, uas tsoomfwv yog cov tsa tawm<br />

sample/qauv sim: Ib pawg ntawm cov tim<br />

khawv pejxeem<br />

sample space/qauv tshwmsim tau: Txhua yam<br />

txhwmsim tau ntawm ib qhov dejnum sim<br />

scale/teev: Tus ratio ntawm ob pawg ntsuas<br />

scale drawing/teev kos: Ib daim duab kos uas<br />

siv hom teev kos los tsim kom ib yam khoom<br />

me dua (ib txoj kev txo) lossis loj dua (ib txoj<br />

kev nthuav dav) yam tseem khoom ntawd.<br />

scale factor/teev factor: Tus ratio siv los<br />

nthuav lossis txo cov cev sib xws<br />

scale model/teev yeem: Ib hom teev yeem<br />

proportional ntawm ib lub cev peb seem


scalene triangle/peb ces qus: Ib lub peb ces<br />

uas cov ntug tsis sib dhos<br />

scatter plot/daim duab teev pob sw: Ib daim<br />

duab teev nrog cov pob kos uas qhia kev sib<br />

txuas ntawm tej pawg data<br />

scientific notation/kev sau scientific: Ib hom<br />

txuj siv cov zog ntawm tus taw teem 10 los<br />

sau kom cov number loj loj lossis me me<br />

second differences/txawv thij ob: Ib seem<br />

txawm los ntawm kev txawv ntawm kev<br />

txawv hauv ib cov nqe ntawv ntawm ib seem<br />

second quartile/plaub theem thij ob: Tus<br />

median ntawm ib pawg data<br />

sector/suam: Ib thajsam xaus rau ob tus radius<br />

thiab txoj nkoov cob rau lawv cov pob xaus<br />

sector (data)/kem (data): Ib suam ntawm ib<br />

lub vojvoog duab teev qhia txog tej ntu<br />

ntawm pawg data<br />

segment/yas kab: Ib ntu ntawm ib txoj kab<br />

nruab nrab ntawm ob lub pob xaus<br />

semiregular tessellation/txwm nrab<br />

tessellation: Ib lub tessellation txawm los<br />

ntawm ob lossis ntau lub txwm polygon,<br />

nyob hauv, txhua lub hau kaum zoo sib xws<br />

sequence/seem: Ib zaj lus teev raws seem<br />

ntawm cov number<br />

set/pawg: Ib pawg timkhawv<br />

side/ntug: Ib txoj kab thaiv ib lub cev<br />

geometric; ib ntawm cov ntsa uas tsim sab<br />

nraud ntawm ib yam khoom<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/Ntug-Kaum-Ntug<br />

(SAS): Ib txoj cai teev tias yog ob sab ntug<br />

thiab lub kaum qhwv ntawm ib lub peb ces<br />

sib dhos nrog rau ob sab ntug thiab lub kaum<br />

qhwv ntawm lwm lub peb ces, ces ob lub peb<br />

ces ntawd sib dhos.<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/Ntug-Ntug-Ntug: Ib<br />

txoj cai teev tias yog peb sab ntug ntawm ib<br />

lub peb ces sib dhos nrog rau peb sab ntug<br />

ntawm lwm lub peb ces, ces ob lub peb ces<br />

ntawd sib dhos.<br />

(G7 Side-Side-Side Rule/Cai Ntug-Ntug-Ntug).<br />

significant digits/zauv tseemceeb: Cov zauv<br />

(cev) siv los teev qhov tseem nqi ntawm ib zaj<br />

kev ntsuas<br />

(G6: significant figures/cev tseemceeb).<br />

similar/xws: Cov cev, muaj duab zoo tibyam<br />

tabsis hajkhawv sib tsawv, zoo sib xws.<br />

simple interest/paj laum yoojyim: Ib qhov<br />

feem pua ruaj ntawm tus nqi peev. Nrhiav tau<br />

hauv tus formula I � prt uas p yog tus nqi<br />

peev, r tus nqi paj laum, thiab t lub sij hawm.<br />

simplest form/cev yoojyim: Ib tus fraction<br />

nyob hauv nws lub cev yoojyim tshaj thaum<br />

tus numerator thiab denominator tsis muaj<br />

lwm tus koom factors lawm tsuas tshuav 1<br />

nkaus xwb.<br />

simplify/txo: Sau ib tus fraction lossis nqe<br />

ntawv raws nws lub cev yoojyim tshaj plaws<br />

simulation/yees: Ib yam qauv ntawm tes<br />

dejnum sim, keev yog yam nyuaj thiab siv<br />

sijhawm ntau tshaj los ua thiaj tau<br />

sine (sin)/sine (sin): Hauv ib lub peb ces<br />

raug, tus ratio ntawm yas kab ntug uas tig rau<br />

lub kaum nqaim rau yas kab ntug hypotenuse<br />

skew lines/kab skew: Cov kab uas nyob saum<br />

cov plag sib txawv uas tsis sib parallel lossis<br />

tsis sib tshuam<br />

slant height/kab siab qaij: Ncua kev ntawm tus<br />

taw teem ntawm ib lub cev ntse hau mus saum<br />

nws lub hau kaum, ntsuas raws daim plag tav<br />

slope/ntxhab: Ib tus nqi ntsuas qhov tob<br />

ntawm ib txoj kab saum daim duab teev;<br />

qhov sawv faib rau qhov khiav<br />

slope-intercept form/cev ntxhab tshuam:<br />

Ib tus linear equation sau raws lub cev<br />

y � mx � b,uas m yog tus ntxhab thiab<br />

b yog tus txiav txoj kab ntsug y.<br />

solid figure/cev khov: Ib lub cev peb seem<br />

solution of an equation/lus teb ntawm ib tus<br />

equation: Ib tus lossis ntau tus nqi uas ua rau<br />

ib tus equation tseeb<br />

solution of an inequality/lus teb ntawm ib<br />

tus inequality: Ib tus lossis ntau tus nqi uas<br />

ua rau ib tus inequality tseeb<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 62 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


solution of a system of equations/lus teb<br />

ntawm ib tus txheejtxheem equation: Ib<br />

pawg nqi uas ua rau tas nrho cov equation<br />

hauv ib tus txheejtxheem tseeb<br />

solution set/pawg lus teb: Pawg nqi uas ua<br />

rau ib zaj lus tseeb<br />

solve/daws: Nrhiav ib qhov lus teb lossis ib<br />

zaj lus daws<br />

space figure/cev kheej: Ib lub cev peb seem<br />

sphere/sphere: Ib lub cev peb seem nrog tas<br />

nrho cov pob nyob tib ncua ntawm lub plawv<br />

square (geometry)/square(geometry): Ib lub<br />

rectangle nrog plaug tus ntug sib dhos<br />

square (numeration)/square (kev suav lej):<br />

Ib tus number tsa mus rau lub zog thij ob<br />

Pivtxwv: Hauv 5 2 ,tus number 5 yog tus raug<br />

square.<br />

square number/number square: Tus tsuam<br />

tawm ntawm ib tus number thiab nws tus<br />

kheej<br />

Pivtxwv: 25 yog ib tus number square.<br />

5 � 5 � 25<br />

square root/cag square: Ib ntawm ob tus<br />

factor sib luag ntawm ib tus number.<br />

Pivtxwv: 16 � 4 � 4, lossis 16 ��4 ��4, ces<br />

4 thiab �4 yog ob tus cag square<br />

ntawm 16.<br />

standard form (in numeration)/cev keev sau<br />

(hauv kev suav lej): Ib tus number siv cov<br />

zauv sau.<br />

Pivtxwv: Tsib txhiab, ob puas kaum raws nws<br />

lus cev keev sau yog 5,210.<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/duab kos kav-thiabnplooj:<br />

Ib daim duab teev siv los tso thiab<br />

nthuav cov data kom muab tau cov frequency<br />

sib piv<br />

straight angle/kaum tav: Ib lub kaum uas<br />

ntsuas tau 180°<br />

stratified sample/qauv sim cais: Ib qhov<br />

qauv sim ntawm ib cov pejxeem uas tau<br />

muab faib ua tej pawg zwm me<br />

subset/pawg zwm: Ib pawg me txawm tau<br />

nyob hauv ib pawg loj<br />

substitute/hloov: Hloov ib tus variable nrog<br />

ib tus number lossis lwm nqe ntawv hauv ib<br />

zaj ntawv algebraic<br />

Subtraction Property of Equality/Cai Rho<br />

ntawm Equality: Tus cai teev tias yog nej rho<br />

tib tug number tawm ntawm ob sab ntawm<br />

ib tus equation, tus equation tshiab yuav<br />

muaj lus teb tibyam<br />

sum/xam tawm: Tus xam tawm thaum muab<br />

ob lossis ntau tus number ntxiv uake<br />

supplementary angles/cov kaum sib pab loj:<br />

Ob lub kaum uas ntsuas tau ua ke rau 180°<br />

surface area/plag area: Tus xam tawm ntawm<br />

cov area phab ntsa, lossis plag, ntawm ib lub<br />

cev peb seem<br />

system of equations/txheejtxheem equation:<br />

Ib pawg ntawm ob lossis ntau tus equation<br />

uas muaj ob lossis ntau tus variable<br />

system of linear equations/txheejtxheem<br />

ntawm cov linear equation: Ob lossis ntau<br />

tus linear equation teev rau saum tib daim<br />

plag coordinate<br />

systematic sample/qauv sim raws<br />

txheejtxheem: Ib yam qauv ntawm cov<br />

pejxeem uas tau siv ib tus txheejtxheem los<br />

xaiv cia<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 63 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/tangent (tan): Hauv ib lub peb<br />

ces raug, tus ratio ntawm yas kab ntug tig rau<br />

ib lub kaum nqaim rau yas kab ntug npuab<br />

rau lub kaum nqaim ntawd<br />

tangent (to a circle)/tangent (rau ib lub<br />

vojvoog): Ib txoj kab uas chwv lub vojvoog<br />

ntawm tib lub pob xwb<br />

term (in an expression)/nqe (hauv ib zaj<br />

ntawv): Cov ntu ntawm ib zaj ntawv uas raug<br />

muab sib ntxiv lossis sib rho tawm<br />

Pivtxwvs: 5x 2 yog ib zaj ntawv nrog ib nqe, �10<br />

yog ib zaj ntawv nrog ib nqe, thiab<br />

x � 1 yog ib zaj ntawv nrog ob nqe.<br />

term (in a sequence)/nqe (hauv ib seem): Ib<br />

tus timkhawv lossis number hauv ib seem


terminating decimal/decimal xaus tau: Ib<br />

tus number decimal uas xaus lossis kawg<br />

Pivtxwv: 6.75<br />

tessellation/tessellation: Ib theem sib lwv<br />

tawm ntawm cov cev plag uas npog ib daim<br />

plag ntom ntom lossis tsis sib tshuam li.<br />

tetrahedron/tetrahedron: Ib lub polyhedron<br />

nrog plaub sab ntsa<br />

theoretical probability/theoretical<br />

probability: Tus ratio ntawm tus number<br />

ntxim yuav tshwmsim hauv ib qhov<br />

txheejxwm rau tus number tas nrho ntawm<br />

yam yuav tshwmsim tau<br />

third quartile/plaub theem thij peb: Tus<br />

median ntawm ib nrab tshooj siab ntawm ib<br />

pawg data; thiab hu ua upper quartile (plaub<br />

theem siab).<br />

tip/nyiaj pub: Tus nqi nyiaj ntxiv rau daim<br />

ntawv them nqi haujlwm; keev yog feempua<br />

ntawm tus nqi tas nrho<br />

transformation/kev hloov: Ib qhov hloov raws<br />

kev loj hlob lossis raws chaw ntawm ib lub cev<br />

translation/txhais: Ib hom kev nti (txav)<br />

ntawm ib lub cev raws ib txoj kab ncaj<br />

transversal/kab txiav nqaij: Ib txoj kab uas<br />

txiav ob lossis ntau txoj kab<br />

trapezoid/trapezoid: Ib lub quadrilateral<br />

nrog ib txwm kab ntug parallel<br />

tree diagram/duab kos ntoo: Ib daim duab<br />

kos raws ceg ntoo uas qhia tau tas nrho txhua<br />

hom kev dhos lossis yam tshwmsim ntawm ib<br />

qhov txheejxwm<br />

trial/sim: Hauv probability, ib yam keev<br />

tshwmsim dua yoojyim lossis kev tsom kwm<br />

ntawm ib yam dejnum sim<br />

triangle/peb ces: Ib lub polygon nrog peb sab<br />

ntug<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/Cai Triangle Sum:<br />

Txoj cai teev tias qhov ntsuas ntawm cov<br />

kaum tas nrho hauv ib lub peb ces yog 180°<br />

triangular prism/prism<br />

peb ces: Ib lub polyhedron<br />

uas cov taw teem yog cov<br />

peb ces thiab lwm cov sab<br />

ntsa yog cov parallelogram<br />

trigonometric ratios/ratio trigonometric:<br />

Cov ratio uas piv cov yas kab ntug ntawm ib<br />

lub peb ces raug; cov koom ratio yog tangent,<br />

sine, thiab cosine.<br />

U<br />

unbiased sample/qauv sim siv tau: Ib yam<br />

qauv sim siv tau yog txhua leej ntawm cov<br />

pejxeem muaj ib txoj hmoo sib luag los raug<br />

xaiv.<br />

underestimate/xam dhau: Ib qhov kev xam<br />

uas tsawg dua tus tseem nqi teb lawm<br />

union/sib sau: Pawg timkhawv tas nrho uas<br />

zwm rau ob lossis ntau pawg<br />

unit conversion/yeem hloov: Tus txheejtxheem<br />

hloov ib yeem ntawm kev ntsuas rau lwm yeem<br />

unit conversion factor/factor yeem hloov:<br />

Ib tus fraction siv hauv kev yeem hloov, nyob<br />

hauv, tus numerator thiab denominator muaj<br />

nqi sib npaug tabsis muaj txawv yeem<br />

60 min 1 hr<br />

Pivtxwv: lossis<br />

1 hr 60 min<br />

unit price/nqi yeem: Ib feem teev yeem siv<br />

los piv cov nqi<br />

unit rate/feem teev yeem: Ib feem teev, nyob<br />

hauv, tus nqi thij ob hauv kev sib piv yog ib<br />

yeem<br />

Pivtxwv: 10 cm rau ib feeb<br />

unlike fractions/fraction tsis sib thooj: Cov<br />

fractions nrog cov denominator sib txawv<br />

Pivtxwv: 3 –<br />

4 thiab 1 –<br />

2 yog cov fraction tsis sib<br />

thooj.<br />

upper extreme/tus siab kawg: Tus number loj<br />

tshaj hauv ib pawg data<br />

upper quartile/plaub theem siab kawg: Tus<br />

median ntawm nrab siab ntawm ib pawg<br />

data; thiab hu ua third quartile (plaub theem<br />

thij peb).<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 64 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


V<br />

vanishing point/pob yaj ntshis: Hauv ib lub<br />

cev kos peb seem, ib lub pob uas cov kab<br />

khiav tawm ntawm tus neeg ntsia sib ntsib<br />

variability/kev hloov cev: Kev hloov nqi<br />

hauv ib pawg data<br />

variable/variable: Ib tus cim siv los sawv cev<br />

ib tus nqi uas hloov tau<br />

Venn diagram/duab kos Venn: Ib daim duab<br />

kos uas siv los qhia cov kev sib txuas ntawm<br />

cov pawg<br />

verbal expression/nqe lus: Ib lo lus lossis<br />

kab lus<br />

vertex/hau kaum: Saum ib lub kaum lossis<br />

polygon, lub pob uas ob kab ntug sib tshuam;<br />

saum ib lub polyhedron, chaw sib tshuam<br />

ntawm peb lossis ntau sab ntsa; saum ib lub<br />

cev hau ntse lossis pyramid, lub pob siab tshaj<br />

vertical angles/<br />

cov kaum ntsug:<br />

a<br />

b<br />

c<br />

Ib txwm kaum tig<br />

sib dhos uas txawm<br />

d<br />

los ntawm cov kab sib tshuam; hauv daim<br />

duab kos �a thiab �c sib dhos thiab �b<br />

thiab �d sib dhos.<br />

volume/volume: Tus number ntawm cov<br />

yeem cubic timtsum los txhaws ib lub cev<br />

nruab ntug muab los<br />

W<br />

withholding tax/se khaws tos: Ib qhov txo<br />

los ntawm ib tus neeg cov nyiaj tau los raws<br />

kev them se nyiaj hli ua ntej<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 65 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

X<br />

x-axis/x-axis: Txoj kab axis tav saum ib daim<br />

plag coordinate<br />

x-coordinate/x-coordinate: Tus thawj hauv ib<br />

txwm number raws seem; nws qhia ncua kev<br />

tshem rau sab xis lossis sab lauj pib ntawm<br />

lub plawv (0,0) mus.<br />

Pivtxwv: 5 yog tus x-coordinate hauv (5,3).<br />

x-intercept/kab txiav x-axis: Tus<br />

x-coordinate ntawm ib lub pob uas daim duab<br />

teev ntawm ib txoj kab txiav txoj kab x-axis<br />

Y<br />

y-axis/y-axis: Txoj kab axis ntsug saum ib<br />

daim plag coordinate<br />

y-coordinate/y-coordinate: Tus thawj hauv ib<br />

txwm number raws seem; nws qhia ncua kev<br />

tshem rau sab xis lossis sab lauj pib ntawm<br />

lub plawv (0,0) mus.<br />

Pivtxwv: 3 yog tus y-coordinate hauv (5,3).<br />

y-intercept/kab txiav y-axis: Tus y-coordinate<br />

ntawm ib lub pob uas daim duab teev ntawm<br />

ib txoj kab txiav txoj kab y-axis<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/txwm zero: Ib tus number thiab<br />

nws tus tig, uas sib ntxiv mus ua 0<br />

Pivtxwv: 18 thiab –18


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 67 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 68 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 69 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 70 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 71 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 72 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 73 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 74 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 75 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 76 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 77 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 78 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 79 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 80 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 81 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 82 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


A<br />

absolute value/‡·ÒÓβÚÌÓ Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ:<br />

ê‡ÒÒÚÓflÌË ˜ËÒ· ÓÚ ÌÛÎfl ÔÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ‚ÓÈ ÓÒË;<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl � �.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: � �5 � � 5<br />

accuracy/ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚ¸: èappleË·ÎËÊÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸ ‰‡ÌÌÓ„Ó<br />

ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl ËÎË Á̇˜ÂÌËfl Í Ù‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÏÛ<br />

appleÂÁÛθڇÚÛ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl ËÎË Á̇˜ÂÌ˲.<br />

acute angle/ÓÒÚapple˚È Û„ÓÎ: ì„ÓÎ, ÍÓÚÓapple˚È<br />

ÏÂ̸¯Â 90°.<br />

acute triangle/ÓÒÚappleÓÛ„ÓθÌ˚È ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ:<br />

íappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ ÒÓ ‚ÒÂÏË Û„Î‡ÏË ÏÂÌ 90°.<br />

addend/Ò·„‡ÂÏÓÂ: óËÒÎÓ, ‰Ó·‡‚ÎflÂÏÓ Í<br />

Ó‰ÌÓÏÛ ËÎË ÌÂÒÍÓθÍËÏ ‰appleÛ„ËÏ ˜ËÒ·Ï<br />

‰Îfl Ó·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl ÒÛÏÏ˚. ç‡ÔappleËÏÂapple, ‚<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË 4 � 6 � 7 ˜ËÒ· 4, 6 Ë 7<br />

fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl Ò·„‡ÂÏ˚ÏË.<br />

Addition Property of Equality/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‡‰‰ËÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË apple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡ (ÔÓ ÒÎÓÊÂÌ˲):<br />

ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÔappleË<br />

ÔappleË·‡‚ÎÂÌËË Í Ó·ÂËÏ ˜‡ÒÚflÏ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl<br />

Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó Ë ÚÓ„Ó Ê ˜ËÒ· ÌÓ‚Ó Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ<br />

·Û‰ÂÚ ËÏÂÚ¸ ÚÓ Ê apple¯ÂÌËÂ.<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÒÎÓÊÂÌËfl ˜ËÒÂÎ Ò ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚ÏË<br />

Á͇̇ÏË: ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÒÛÏχ ˜ËÒ· Ë Ú‡ÍÓ„Ó ÊÂ<br />

ÔÓ ‡·ÒÓβÚÌÓÈ ‚Â΢ËÌ ˜ËÒ· Ò<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚Ï Á̇ÍÓÏ apple‡‚̇ ÌÛβ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 12 � (�12) � 0<br />

additive inverse/Ó·apple‡ÚÌÓ ÔÓ Á̇ÍÛ ˜ËÒÎÓ:<br />

óËÒÎÓ, ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌÓ ÔÓ Á̇ÍÛ ‰‡ÌÌÓÏÛ<br />

˜ËÒÎÛ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒÎÓÏ, ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚Ï ÔÓ<br />

Á̇ÍÛ 6, fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl �6.<br />

adjacent angles/ÒÏÂÊÌ˚Â Û„Î˚:<br />

ì„Î˚, apple‡ÒÔÓ·„‡˛˘ËÂÒfl ‚ Ó‰ÌÓÈ<br />

Ë ÚÓÈ Ê ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË, Ëϲ˘ËÂ<br />

Ó·˘Û˛ ‚Âapple¯ËÌÛ Ë Ó·˘Û˛ ÒÚÓappleÓÌÛ.<br />

algebraic expression/‡Î„·apple‡Ë˜ÂÒÍÓÂ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ: Ç˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÒÓ‰ÂappleÊËÚ,<br />

Í‡Í ÏËÌËÏÛÏ, Ó‰ÌÛ ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌÛ˛.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: x � 8; 4(m � b)<br />

a<br />

b<br />

algebraic inequality/‡Î„·apple‡Ë˜ÂÒÍÓÂ<br />

ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó: çÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó, ÍÓÚÓappleÓÂ<br />

ÒÓ‰ÂappleÊËÚ, Í‡Í ÏËÌËÏÛÏ, Ó‰ÌÛ ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌÛ˛.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/<br />

‚̯ÌË ̇ÍappleÂÒÚ<br />

ÎÂʇ˘Ë ۄÎ˚: è‡apple‡<br />

a b<br />

Û„ÎÓ‚, Ó·apple‡ÁÛÂχfl<br />

ÒÂÍÛ˘ÂÈ Ë ‰‚ÛÏfl<br />

c d<br />

ÔappleflÏ˚ÏË; ̇ ‰Ë‡„apple‡ÏÏ ԇapple‡ÏË ‚̯ÌËı<br />

̇ÍappleÂÒÚ ÎÂʇ˘Ëı Û„ÎÓ‚ fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl �a Ë �d<br />

Ë �b Ë �c.<br />

alternate interior angles/<br />

‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌË ̇ÍappleÂÒÚ<br />

r s<br />

ÎÂʇ˘Ë ۄÎ˚: è‡apple‡<br />

Û„ÎÓ‚, Ó·apple‡ÁÛÂχfl<br />

ÒÂÍÛ˘ÂÈ Ë ‰‚ÛÏfl<br />

t v<br />

ÔappleflÏ˚ÏË; ̇ ‰Ë‡„apple‡ÏÏ ԇapple‡ÏË ‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËı<br />

̇ÍappleÂÒÚ ÎÂʇ˘Ëı Û„ÎÓ‚ fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl �r Ë �v<br />

Ë �s Ë �t.<br />

altitude/‚˚ÒÓÚ‡: ÑÎË̇ ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflapple‡<br />

ÓÚ ‚Âapple¯ËÌ˚ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇ ‰Ó<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌÓ„Ó ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl (ËÎË ÎËÌËË,<br />

̇ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ Ì‡ıÓ‰ËÚÒfl ‰‡ÌÌÓ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂ).<br />

angle/Û„ÓÎ: îË„Ûapple‡, Ó·apple‡ÁÛÂχfl ‰‚ÛÏfl<br />

ÎÛ˜‡ÏË, ‚˚ıÓ‰fl˘ËÏË ËÁ Ó‰ÌÓÈ ÚÓ˜ÍË,<br />

̇Á˚‚‡ÂÏÓÈ ‚Âapple¯ËÌÓÈ.<br />

angle bisector/·ËÒÒÂÍÚappleËÒ‡:<br />

ãËÌËfl, ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ ËÎË ÎÛ˜,<br />

‰ÂÎfl˘Ë ۄÓΠ̇ ‰‚‡<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ı ۄ·.<br />

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)/ÔÓ ‰‚ÛÏ Û„Î‡Ï Ë<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌÂ: èapple‡‚ËÎÓ, ÛÒڇ̇‚ÎË‚‡˛˘ÂÂ, ˜ÚÓ<br />

ÂÒÎË ‰‚‡ ۄ· Ë Á‡Íβ˜ÂÌ̇fl ÏÂÊ‰Û ÌËÏË<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚<br />

‰‚ÛÏ Û„Î‡Ï Ë Á‡Íβ˜ÂÌÌÓÈ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÌËÏË<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌ ‰appleÛ„Ó„Ó ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇, Ú‡ÍËÂ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍË ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚.<br />

arc/‰Û„‡: ó‡ÒÚ¸ ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË, Ó„apple‡Ì˘ÂÌ̇fl<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl ÚӘ͇ÏË.<br />

area/ÔÎÓ˘‡‰¸: äÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó Í‚‡‰apple‡ÚÌ˚ı<br />

‰ËÌˈ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl, ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ˚ı ‰Îfl<br />

ÔÓÍapple˚ÚËfl ‰‡ÌÌÓÈ ÔÎÓ˘‡‰Ë.<br />

M<br />

N<br />

P<br />

O<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 83 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


arithmetic sequence/‡appleËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

ÔappleÓ„appleÂÒÒËfl: èÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸ ˜ËÒÂÎ,<br />

‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ apple‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌ˚ÏË ˜ËÒ·ÏË ‚Ò„‰‡<br />

Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚‡.<br />

Associative Property/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‡ÒÒӈˇÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË<br />

ëÎÓÊÂÌËÂ: Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ‰Îfl ‚ÒÂı ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ<br />

a, b Ë c ÒÛÏχ Ì ËÁÏÂÌËÚÒfl ‚Ì Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË<br />

ÓÚ Ëı „appleÛÔÔËappleÓ‚‡ÌËfl:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

ìÏÌÓÊÂÌËÂ: Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ‰Îfl ‚ÒÂı ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ a,<br />

b Ë c Ëı ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË Ì ËÁÏÂÌËÚÒfl ‚ÌÂ<br />

Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË ÓÚ Ëı „appleÛÔÔËappleÓ‚‡ÌËfl:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

asymmetry/‡ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËfl: çÂˉÂÌÚ˘ÌÓÒÚ¸<br />

ÔÓ Ó·Â ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ ÓÚ ˆÂÌÚapple‡Î¸ÌÓÈ ÎËÌËË.<br />

çÂÒËÏÏÂÚapple˘ÌÓÒÚ¸.<br />

average/Òapple‰Ì Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ: ëÛÏχ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı<br />

ËÁ ̇·Óapple‡, ÔÓ‰ÂÎÂÌ̇fl ̇ ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ˜ÎÂÌÓ‚<br />

‚ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË; Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl (mean)<br />

Òapple‰ÌÂÈ ‚Â΢ËÌÓÈ.<br />

average deviation/Òapple‰Ì ÓÚÍÎÓÌÂÌËÂ:<br />

ëapple‰Ì apple‡ÒÒÚÓflÌË Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ÓÚ<br />

Òapple‰ÌÂÈ ‚Â΢ËÌ˚.<br />

axes/ÓÒË: Ñ‚Â ‚Á‡ËÏÌÓ ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflappleÌ˚ı<br />

ÎËÌËË ‚ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛ÚÒfl ‚ ̇˜‡Î ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú.<br />

B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/‰Ë‡„apple‡Ïχ<br />

ÒËÏÏÂÚapple˘ÌÓ„Ó apple‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı:<br />

Ñˇ„apple‡Ïχ, Ò ÔÓÏÓ˘¸˛ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ‰‚‡ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı,<br />

ÓÚÓ·apple‡Ê‡fl Ó‰ËÌ ËÁ ÌËı Ò΂‡ ÓÚ ÓÒË, ‡<br />

‰appleÛ„ÓÈ ÒÔapple‡‚‡ ÓÚ ÌÂÂ.<br />

bar graph/ÒÚÓηˆÓ‚‡fl ‰Ë‡„apple‡Ïχ:<br />

Ñˇ„apple‡Ïχ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ‰Îfl ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl<br />

‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒfl ‚ÂappleÚË͇θÌ˚ ËÎË<br />

„ÓappleËÁÓÌڇθÌ˚ ÒÚÓηˆ˚.<br />

base-10 system/‰ÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ÒËÒÚÂχ<br />

Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl: ëËÒÚÂχ Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

‚Ò ˜ËÒ· ‚˚apple‡Ê‡˛ÚÒfl Ò ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ<br />

ˆËÙapple ÓÚ 0 ‰Ó 9.<br />

base (in numeration)/ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌË (‚ ÒËÒÚÂÏÂ<br />

Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl): äÓ„‰‡ ˜ËÒÎÓ ‚ÓÁ‚Ó‰ËÚÒfl ‚<br />

ÒÚÂÔÂ̸, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ˜ËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ‚ ͇˜ÂÒÚ‚Â ÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 3 5 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌË (ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇ ËÎË<br />

ÚappleÂıÏÂappleÌÓÈ ÙË„Ûapple˚): ëÚÓappleÓ̇<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇ ËÎË ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ ÚappleÂıÏÂappleÌÓÈ<br />

ÙË„Ûapple˚, ÔÓ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ÙË„Ûapple‡ ËÁÏÂappleflÂÚÒfl ËÎË<br />

Í·ÒÒËÙˈËappleÛÂÚÒfl.<br />

éÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl<br />

ˆËÎË̉apple‡<br />

éÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl<br />

ÔappleËÁÏ˚<br />

éÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂ<br />

ÍÓÌÛÒ‡<br />

éÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂ<br />

ÔËapple‡Ïˉ˚<br />

biased sample/ÒÏ¢ÂÌ̇fl ‚˚·Óapple͇:<br />

Ç˚·Óapple͇, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl ÌÂÚÓ˜ÌÓ Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ<br />

ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚ¸.<br />

binary number system/‰‚Ó˘̇fl ÒËÒÚÂχ<br />

Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl: ëËÒÚÂχ Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

‚Ò ˜ËÒ· ‚˚apple‡Ê‡˛ÚÒfl Ò ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ<br />

ÚÓθÍÓ ‰‚Ûı ˆËÙapple 0 Ë 1.<br />

binomial/‰‚Û˜ÎÂÌ: åÌÓ„Ó˜ÎÂÌ, ÒÓÒÚÓfl˘ËÈ<br />

ËÁ ‰‚Ûı Ó‰ÌÓ˜ÎÂÌÓ‚.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/‰ÂÎÂÌË ÔÓÔÓ·Ï: ÑÂÎÂÌË ̇ ‰‚Â<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ ˜‡ÒÚË.<br />

boundary line/Ôapple‰Âθ̇fl ÎËÌËfl:<br />

ëÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚ¸ ÚÓ˜ÂÍ, „‰Â ‰‚ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚<br />

ÎËÌÂÈÌÓ„Ó ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡ Ò ‰‚ÛÏfl<br />

ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌ˚ÏË apple‡‚Ì˚.<br />

box-and-whisker plot/„apple‡ÙËÍ ‚ ‚ˉÂ<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇ Ò ‚˚ÒÚÛÔ‡ÏË: Éapple‡ÙËÍ, ̇<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ ÔÓ͇Á‡Ì˚ ̇˷Óθ¯‡fl Ë Ì‡ËÏÂ̸¯‡fl<br />

˜ÂÚ‚ÂappleÚ¸ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ‚ ‚ˉ ‚˚ÒÚÛÔÓ‚, ‡ ‰‚Â<br />

ÒÓÒ‰ÌËı Òapple‰ÌËı ˜ÂÚ‚ÂappleÚË ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı - ‚ ‚ˉÂ<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇, ‡ Ú‡Íʠωˇ̇.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 84 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


eak (graph)/apple‡Áapple˚‚ (̇ ‰Ë‡„apple‡ÏÏÂ):<br />

áË„Á‡„ ̇ „ÓappleËÁÓÌڇθÌÓÈ ËÎË ‚ÂappleÚË͇θÌÓÈ<br />

ÓÒË ‰Ë‡„apple‡ÏÏ˚, Û͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ËÈ Ì‡ ÚÓ, ˜ÚÓ<br />

applefl‰ ˜ËÒÂÎ ¯Í‡Î˚ ÓÔÛ˘ÂÌ.<br />

C<br />

capacity/‚ÏÂÒÚËÏÓÒÚ¸: äÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÊˉÍÓÒÚË, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÏÓÊÂÚ ÒÓ‰ÂappleʇڸÒfl ‚<br />

Á‡ÔÓÎÌÂÌÌÓÈ ÂÏÍÓÒÚË.<br />

Celsius/„apple‡‰ÛÒ˚ ñÂθÒËfl: åÂÚapple˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

¯Í‡Î‡ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl ÚÂÏÔÂapple‡ÚÛapple˚, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

0°C ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ ÚӘ͠Á‡ÏÂappleÁ‡ÌËfl ‚Ó‰˚, ‡<br />

100°C - ÚӘ͠ÍËÔÂÌËfl ‚Ó‰˚; Ú‡ÍÊÂ<br />

̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl ÒÚÓ„apple‡‰ÛÒÌÓÈ.<br />

center (of a circle)/ˆÂÌÚapple (ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË):<br />

íӘ͇ ‚ÌÛÚappleË ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË, apple‡‚ÌÓÛ‰‡ÎÂÌ̇fl<br />

ÓÚ ‚ÒÂı ÚÓ˜ÂÍ ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË.<br />

center (of dilation)/ˆÂÌÚapple (apple‡ÒÚflÊÂÌËfl,<br />

ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓ„Ó ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl): íӘ͇<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒ˜ÂÌËfl ÎËÌËÈ ‚ÒÂı Û„ÎÓ‚ ÔappleË ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓÏ<br />

ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËË.<br />

center (of rotation)/ˆÂÌÚapple (‚apple‡˘ÂÌËfl):<br />

íӘ͇, ‚ÓÍappleÛ„ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ‚apple‡˘‡ÂÚÒfl ÙË„Ûapple‡.<br />

central angle/ˆÂÌÚapple‡Î¸Ì˚È Û„ÓÎ: ì„ÓÎ Ò<br />

‚Âapple¯ËÌÓÈ, apple‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌÌÓÈ ‚ ˆÂÌÚappleÂ<br />

ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË.<br />

certain (probability)/‰ÓÒÚÓ‚ÂappleÌÓÂ<br />

(Ó ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÏ ÒÓ·˚ÚËË): íÓ˜ÌÓ ÔappleÓËÁÓȉÂÚ;<br />

ËÏÂÂÚ ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸, apple‡‚ÌÛ˛ 1.<br />

chord/ıÓapple‰‡: éÚappleÂÁÓÍ ÔappleflÏÓÈ,<br />

ÒÓ‰ËÌfl˛˘ÂÈ ‰‚ ÚÓ˜ÍË ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË.<br />

circle/ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚ¸: åÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‚ÒÂı ÚÓ˜ÂÍ Ì‡ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË,<br />

apple‡‚ÌÓÛ‰‡ÎÂÌÌ˚ı ÓÚ ‰‡ÌÌÓÈ<br />

ÚÓ˜ÍË, ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÏÓÈ ˆÂÌÚappleÓÏ.<br />

circle graph/ÍappleÛ„Ó‚‡fl ‰Ë‡„apple‡Ïχ:<br />

Ñˇ„apple‡Ïχ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ‰Îfl ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl<br />

˜‡ÒÚÂÈ Ò ˆÂÎ˚Ï Ë ˜‡ÒÚÂÈ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÓ·ÓÈ<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒfl ÒÂÍÚÓapple˚ ÍappleÛ„‡.<br />

circumference/‰ÎË̇ ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË: ÑÎË̇<br />

Á‡ÏÍÌÛÚÓ„Ó ÍÓÌÚÛapple‡, Óı‚‡Ú˚‚‡˛˘Â„Ó ÍappleÛ„.<br />

C<br />

clockwise/ÔÓ ˜‡ÒÓ‚ÓÈ<br />

ÒÚappleÂÎÍÂ: äappleÛ„Ó‚Ó ‰‚ËÊÂÌËÂ<br />

‚Ôapple‡‚Ó ‚ ÔÓ͇Á‡ÌÌÓÏ<br />

̇Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌËË.<br />

clustering/„appleÛÔÔËappleӂ͇:<br />

åÂÚÓ‰, ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏ˚È ‰Îfl ÓˆÂÌÍË ÒÛÏÏ˚,<br />

ÍÓ„‰‡ ‚Ò Ò·„‡ÂÏ˚ ·ÎËÁÍË Í Ó‰ÌÓÏÛ Ë<br />

ÚÓÏÛ Ê Á̇˜ÂÌ˲.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒ· 27, 29, 24 Ë 26 Ò„appleÛÔÔËappleÓ‚‡Ì˚<br />

ÔÓ ÔappleËÁ̇ÍÛ ·ÎËÁÓÒÚË Í 25.<br />

coefficient/ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ: óËÒÎÓ ‚<br />

‡Î„·apple‡Ë˜ÂÒÍÓÏ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË, ÛÏÌÓʇÂÏÓ ̇<br />

ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌÛ˛.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: Ç ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË 5b ˜ËÒÎÓ 5 fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl<br />

ÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎÂÏ.<br />

combination/ÒÓ˜ÂÚ‡ÌËÂ: ê‡ÁÏ¢ÂÌËÂ<br />

(apple‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ) ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚ ËÎË ÒÓ·˚ÚËÈ, ÔappleË<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ Ëı ÔÓapplefl‰ÓÍ Ì ËÏÂÂÚ Á̇˜ÂÌËfl.<br />

commission/ÍÓÏËÒÒËÓÌÌ˚Â: ëÛÏχ,<br />

‚˚Ô·˜Ë‚‡Âχfl ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍÛ Á‡ ÔappleÓ‰‡ÊÛ<br />

͇ÍÓ„Ó-ÎË·Ó ÚÓ‚‡apple‡.<br />

commission rate/ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ ÍÓÏËÒÒËÓÌÌ˚ı:<br />

ëÛÏχ, ‚˚Ô·˜Ë‚‡Âχfl ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍÛ Á‡<br />

ÔappleÓ‰‡ÊÛ Í‡ÍÓ„Ó-ÎË·Ó ÚÓ‚‡apple‡, ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌ̇fl ‚<br />

ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ‡ı ÓÚ ˆÂÌ˚ ÔappleÓ‰‡ÊË.<br />

common denominator/Ó·˘ËÈ Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ:<br />

á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ, ÍÓÚÓapple˚È fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ó·˘ËÏ ‰Îfl<br />

‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓΠÔappleÓÒÚ˚ı ‰appleÓ·ÂÈ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒÎÓ 8 fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ó·˘ËÏ<br />

Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂÎÂÏ ‰Îfl 5 –<br />

8 Ë 2 –<br />

8 .<br />

common difference/apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚ¸<br />

‡appleËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÔappleÓ„appleÂÒÒËË: ê‡ÁÌˈ‡<br />

ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌ˚ÏË ˜ÎÂ̇ÏË<br />

‡appleËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÔappleÓ„appleÂÒÒËË.<br />

common factor/Ó·˘ËÈ ÏÌÓÊËÚÂθ: óËÒÎÓ,<br />

fl‚Îfl˛˘ÂÂÒfl ÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎÂÏ ‰Îfl ‰‚Ûı ËÎË<br />

·ÓΠ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒÎÓ 8 ˝ÚÓ Ó·˘ËÈ ÏÌÓÊËÚÂθ<br />

16 Ë 40.<br />

common multiple/Ó·˘Â Íapple‡ÚÌÓÂ: óËÒÎÓ,<br />

fl‚Îfl˛˘ÂÂÒfl Íapple‡ÚÌ˚Ï ‰Îfl Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ËÁ ‰‚Ûı<br />

ËÎË ·ÓΠ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒÎÓ 15 fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ó·˘ËÏ<br />

Íapple‡ÚÌ˚Ï ‰Îfl 3 Ë 5.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 85 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


common ratio/Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ ÔappleÓ„appleÂÒÒËË:<br />

á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ - ˝ÚÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ, ̇ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÂ<br />

ÛÏÌÓʇÂÚÒfl ͇ʉ˚È ˜ÎÂÌ „ÂÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒÍÓÈ<br />

ÔappleÓ„appleÂÒÒËË ‰Îfl ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌËfl  ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘Â„Ó<br />

˜ÎÂ̇.<br />

Commutative Property/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÍÓÏÏÛÚ‡ÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË<br />

ëÎÓÊÂÌËÂ: Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ‰‚‡ ËÎË ·ÓΠ˜ËÒÂÎ ÏÓ„ÛÚ<br />

ÒÍ·‰˚‚‡Ú¸Òfl ‚ β·ÓÏ ÔÓapplefl‰Í ·ÂÁ<br />

ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËfl ÒÛÏÏ˚.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

ìÏÌÓÊÂÌËÂ: Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ‰‚‡ ËÎË ·ÓΠ˜ËÒÂÎ ÏÓ„ÛÚ<br />

ÛÏÌÓʇڸÒfl ‚ β·ÓÏ ÔÓapplefl‰Í ·ÂÁ<br />

ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËfl ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌËfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a<br />

compatible numbers/Òapple‡‚ÌËÏ˚ ˜ËÒ·:<br />

óËÒ·, ·ÎËÁÍË ÔÓ Á̇˜ÂÌ˲ Ò<br />

ÓÔapple‰ÂÎÂÌÌ˚ÏË ˜ËÒ·ÏË, ˜ÚÓ Ó·Î„˜‡ÂÚ<br />

‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌË ӈÂÌÍË ËÎË ÛÒÚÌÓ„Ó<br />

‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl.<br />

compensation/ÍÓÏÔÂÌÒ‡ˆËfl: äÓ„‰‡ ‚ Á‡‰‡˜Â<br />

˜ËÒÎÓ ·ÎËÁÍÓ ‰appleÛ„ÓÏÛ ˜ËÒÎÛ, Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï<br />

ÔappleӢ ‚˚ÔÓÎÌflÚ¸ ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl, ÚÓ ˝ÚÓ<br />

ÔÓÒΉÌ ˜ËÒÎÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ‰Îfl<br />

̇ıÓʉÂÌËfl ÓÚ‚ÂÚ‡. á‡ÚÂÏ ÓÚ‚ÂÚ<br />

ÍÓappleappleÂÍÚËappleÛÂÚÒfl ‰Ó·‡‚ÎÂÌËÂÏ Í ÌÂÏÛ ËÎË<br />

‚˚˜ËÚ‡ÌËÂÏ ËÁ Ì„Ó.<br />

complementary angles/‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚Â<br />

Û„Î˚: Ñ‚‡ ۄ·, ‰ÓÔÓÎÌfl˛˘Ëı ‰appleÛ„ ‰appleÛ„‡<br />

‰Ó 90° (ÒÛÏχ ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı apple‡‚̇ 90°).<br />

composite number/ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ: óËÒÎÓ<br />

·ÓΠ‰ËÌˈ˚, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ËÏÂÂÚ ·ÓΠ‰‚Ûı<br />

ˆÂÎ˚ı ‰ÂÎËÚÂÎÂÈ.<br />

compound event/ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÌÓ ÒÓ·˚ÚËÂ:<br />

ëÓ·˚ÚËÂ, ÒÓÒÚÓfl˘Â ËÁ ‰‚Ûı Ë ·ÓÎÂÂ<br />

˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚ‡appleÌ˚ı ÒÓ·˚ÚËÈ.<br />

compound inequality/ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÌÓÂ<br />

ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó: äÓÏ·Ë̇ˆËfl ·ÓΠ˜ÂÏ Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó<br />

ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: x � �2 ËÎË x � 10, ËÎË<br />

�2 � x � 10. x ·Óθ¯Â ËÎË apple‡‚ÂÌ<br />

�2 Ë ÏÂ̸¯Â 10.<br />

compound interest/ÒÎÓÊÌ˚ ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ˚:<br />

èappleÓˆÂÌÚ˚, ̇˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ ËÎË ‚˚Ô·˜Ë‚‡ÂÏ˚Â<br />

Ò ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌÓÈ ÒÛÏÏ˚ Ë apple‡Ì ̇˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ı ËÎË<br />

‚˚Ô·˜ÂÌÌ˚ı ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚÓ‚.<br />

concave polygon/‚Ó„ÌÛÚ˚È ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ:<br />

åÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ, Í‡Í ÏËÌËÏÛÏ,<br />

Ó‰ËÌ ‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËÈ Û„ÓÎ ·Óθ¯Â 180°.<br />

cone/ÍÓÌÛÒ: íappleÂıÏÂapplėfl ÙË„Ûapple‡ Ò Ó‰ÌÓÈ<br />

‚Âapple¯ËÌÓÈ Ë Ó‰ÌËÏ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ ‚ ‚ˉ ÍappleÛ„‡.<br />

congruent/ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚È (apple‡‚Ì˚È):<br />

àϲ˘ËÈ Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚Û˛ ÙÓappleÏÛ Ë ‚Â΢ËÌÛ.<br />

congruent angles/ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ ۄÎ˚:<br />

ì„Î˚, Ëϲ˘Ë ӉË̇ÍÓ‚Û˛ ‚Â΢ËÌÛ.<br />

congruent segments/ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ ÓÚappleÂÁÍË:<br />

éÚappleÂÁÍË, Ëϲ˘Ë ӉË̇ÍÓ‚Û˛ ‰ÎËÌÛ.<br />

constant/ÍÓÌÒÚ‡ÌÚ‡ (ÔÓÒÚÓflÌ̇fl):<br />

ÇÂ΢Ë̇, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl Ì ËÁÏÂÌflÂÚÒfl.<br />

constant of proportionality/ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ<br />

ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËÓ̇θÌÓÒÚË: èÓÒÚÓflÌÌÓÂ<br />

ÒÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ‰‚Ûı ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı, Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı<br />

ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËÓ̇θÌÓ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5 � k, 10 � 2k Ë 15 � 3k<br />

convenience sample/ÌÂappleÂÔappleÂÁÂÌÚ‡Ú˂̇fl<br />

‚˚·Óapple͇: Ç˚·Óapple͇ ̇˷ÓΠ‰ÓÒÚÛÔÌ˚ı<br />

Ó·˙ÂÍÚÓ‚ ËÁ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË ‰Îfl ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌËfl<br />

·˚ÒÚapple˚ı appleÂÁÛθڇÚÓ‚.<br />

conversion factor/ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ<br />

ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl: ÑappleÓ·¸, ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ Ë<br />

Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛Ú ÒÓ·ÓÈ<br />

Ó‰ÌÓ Ë ÚÓ Ê ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó, ÌÓ ‰Îfl ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒfl apple‡Á΢Ì˚ ‰ËÌˈ˚<br />

ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl; ڇ͇fl ‰appleÓ·¸ ·Û‰ÂÚ apple‡‚̇ 1,<br />

ÔÓÚÓÏÛ ˜ÚÓ Â ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ Ë Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ<br />

apple‡‚Ì˚.<br />

24 ˜‡Ò‡<br />

èappleËÏeapple: Ë<br />

1 ‰Ì¸<br />

1 ‰Ì¸<br />

24 ˜‡Ò‡<br />

convex polygon/‚˚ÔÛÍÎ˚È ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ:<br />

åÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ, ‚Ò ‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌË ۄÎ˚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó ÏÂ̸¯Â ËÎË apple‡‚Ì˚ 180°.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 86 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


coordinate plane (coordinate grid)/<br />

ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú̇fl ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚ¸ (ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú̇fl<br />

ÒÂÚ͇): èÎÓÒÍÓÒÚ¸, Ó·apple‡ÁÛÂχfl<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒ˜ÂÌËÂÏ „ÓappleËÁÓÌڇθÌÓÈ ˜ËÒÎÓ‚ÓÈ<br />

ÓÒË, ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÏÓÈ ÓÒ¸˛ x, Ë ‚ÂappleÚË͇θÌÓÈ<br />

˜ËÒÎÓ‚ÓÈ ÓÒË, ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÏÓÈ ÓÒ¸˛ y.<br />

䂇‰apple‡ÌÚ II<br />

䂇‰apple‡ÌÚ III<br />

ÓÒ¸ y<br />

coordinate/ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇ڇ: é‰ÌÓ ËÁ ˜ËÒÂÎ<br />

ÛÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌÌÓÈ Ô‡apple˚, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ Û͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ<br />

ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌË ÚÓ˜ÍË Ì‡ „apple‡ÙËÍ ‚ ÒËÒÚÂÏÂ<br />

ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú.<br />

correlation/ÍÓappleappleÂÎflˆËfl: éÔËÒ‡ÌË ҂flÁË<br />

ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl ̇·Óapple‡ÏË ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

correspondence/ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËÂ: éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl ËÎË ·ÓΠÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÏ˚ÏË<br />

Ó·˙ÂÍÚ‡ÏË.<br />

corresponding angles<br />

(for lines)/<br />

ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Â Û„Î˚<br />

(‰Îfl ÎËÌËÈ): è‡apple‡ Û„ÎÓ‚,<br />

Ó·apple‡ÁÛ˛˘ËıÒfl ÒÂÍÛ˘ÂÈ Ë<br />

䂇‰apple‡ÌÚ I<br />

ÓÒ¸ x<br />

䂇‰apple‡ÌÚ IV<br />

q r<br />

s t<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl ÔappleflÏ˚ÏË; ̇ ‰Ë‡„apple‡ÏÏ ԇapple‡ÏË<br />

ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı Û„ÎÓ‚ fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl �m Ë<br />

�q, �n Ë �r, �o Ë �s Ë �p Ë �t.<br />

corresponding angles (in polygons)/<br />

ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Â Û„Î˚<br />

(‚ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇ı): ëÓ‚Ô‡‰‡˛˘Ë ۄÎ˚<br />

‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓΠÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍÓ‚.<br />

corresponding sides/ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Â<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚: ëÓ‚Ô‡‰‡˛˘Ë ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ ‰‚Ûı ËÎË<br />

·ÓΠÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍÓ‚.<br />

cosine (cos)/ÍÓÒËÌÛÒ (cos): Ç<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌÓÏ ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

‰ÎËÌ˚ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚, ÔappleËÎÂʇ˘ÂÈ Í ÓÒÚappleÓÏÛ<br />

Û„ÎÛ, Í ‰ÎËÌ „ËÔÓÚÂÌÛÁ˚.<br />

counterclockwise/ÔappleÓÚË‚<br />

˜‡ÒÓ‚ÓÈ ÒÚappleÂÎÍË:<br />

äappleÛ„Ó‚Ó ‰‚ËÊÂÌË ‚ÎÂ‚Ó ‚<br />

ÔÓ͇Á‡ÌÌÓÏ Ì‡Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌËË.<br />

counterexample/<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚È ÔappleËÏÂapple: èappleËÏÂapple,<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ËÈ, ˜ÚÓ ÛÚ‚ÂappleʉÂÌË ÎÓÊÌÓ.<br />

cross product/‚ÂÍÚÓappleÌÓ ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌËÂ:<br />

èappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ˜ËÒÂÎ ÔÓ ‰Ë‡„Ó̇ÎË ÔappleË<br />

Òapple‡‚ÌÂÌËË ‰‚Ûı ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËÈ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 2 –<br />

3 � 4 – 2<br />

6 3 � � 6 4 � � 12<br />

12<br />

cube (geometric figure)/ÍÛ·<br />

(„ÂÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒ͇fl ÙË„Ûapple‡):<br />

èappleflÏÓÛ„Óθ̇fl ÔappleËÁχ Ò<br />

¯ÂÒÚ¸˛ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË<br />

Í‚‡‰apple‡ÚÌ˚ÏË „apple‡ÌflÏË.<br />

cube (in numeration)/ÍÛ· (‚ Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËË):<br />

óËÒÎÓ, ‚ÓÁ‚‰ÂÌÌÓ ‚ ÚappleÂÚ¸˛ ÒÚÂÔÂ̸.<br />

cumulative frequency/̇ÍÓÔÎÂÌ̇fl<br />

˜‡ÒÚÓÚ‡: ëÛÏχ ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌ˚ı<br />

˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

customary system of measurement/<br />

ÔappleË‚˚˜Ì‡fl ÒËÒÚÂχ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl: ëËÒÚÂχ<br />

ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl, ˜‡ÒÚÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ‚<br />

ëÓ‰ËÌÂÌÌ˚ı òÚ‡Ú‡ı.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: ‰˛ÈÏ˚, ÙÛÚ˚, ÏËÎË, Û̈ËË,<br />

ÙÛÌÚ˚, ÍÓappleÓÚÍË ÚÓÌÌ˚, ˜‡¯ÍË,<br />

Í‚‡appleÚ˚, „‡ÎÎÓÌ˚.<br />

cylinder/ˆËÎË̉apple: íappleÂıÏÂapplėfl<br />

ÙË„Ûapple‡ Ò ‰‚ÛÏfl Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚ÏË<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËflÏË ‚<br />

‚ˉ ÍappleÛ„‡, ÒÓ‰ËÌÂÌÌ˚ÏË<br />

ÍappleË‚ÓÈ ·ÓÍÓ‚ÓÈ ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸˛.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 87 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

D<br />

decagon/‰ÂÒflÚËÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: åÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò<br />

‰ÂÒflÚ¸˛ ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË.<br />

decimal system/‰ÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ÒËÒÚÂχ<br />

Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl: ëËÒÚÂχ Ò˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl Ò<br />

ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ 10.<br />

deductive reasoning/‰Â‰ÛÍÚË‚ÌÓÂ<br />

apple‡ÒÒÛʉÂÌËÂ: àÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌË ÎÓ„ËÍË ‰Îfl<br />

‰Ó͇Á‡ÚÂθÒÚ‚‡ ËÒÚËÌÌÓÒÚË ÛÚ‚ÂappleʉÂÌËfl.


degree/„apple‡‰ÛÒ: Ö‰ËÌˈ‡ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl Û„ÎÓ‚<br />

ËÎË ÚÂÏÔÂapple‡ÚÛapple˚.<br />

denominator/Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ: Ç ‰appleÓ·Ë ˝ÚÓ<br />

˜ËÒÎÓ, ̇ ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ‰ÂÎflÚ ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ Ë<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ, ÒÍÓθÍÓ apple‡‚Ì˚ı ˜‡ÒÚÂÈ<br />

ËÏÂÂÚÒfl ‚ ˆÂÎÓÏ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 3 – 4 Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ<br />

Density property of real numbers/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÔÎÓÚÌÓÒÚË ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ:<br />

ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÏÂʉÛ<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌ˚ÏË ˜ËÒ·ÏË ‚Ò„‰‡<br />

ËÏÂÂÚÒfl ‰appleÛ„Ó ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ.<br />

dependent events/Á‡‚ËÒËÏ˚ ÒÓ·˚ÚËfl:<br />

ëÓ·˚ÚËfl, ‰Îfl ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı ËÒıÓ‰ ÔÂapple‚Ó„Ó<br />

ÒÓ·˚ÚËfl ‚ÎËflÂÚ Ì‡ ËÒıÓ‰ ‚ÚÓappleÓ„Ó ÒÓ·˚ÚËfl.<br />

diagonal/‰Ë‡„Ó̇θ: éÚappleÂÁÓÍ ÔappleflÏÓÈ,<br />

ÒÓ‰ËÌfl˛˘ËÈ ‰‚ ÌÂÒÏÂÊÌ˚ ‚Âapple¯ËÌ˚<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇.<br />

diameter/‰Ë‡ÏÂÚapple: éÚappleÂÁÓÍ ÔappleflÏÓÈ,<br />

ÔappleÓıÓ‰fl˘ÂÈ ˜ÂappleÂÁ ˆÂÌÚapple ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË, ÍÓ̈˚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó apple‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌ˚ ̇ ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË, ËÎË<br />

‰ÎË̇ Ú‡ÍÓ„Ó ÓÚappleÂÁ͇.<br />

difference/apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚ¸: êÂÁÛÎ¸Ú‡Ú ‚˚˜ËÚ‡ÌËfl<br />

Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ· ËÁ ‰appleÛ„Ó„Ó.<br />

dilation/apple‡ÒÚflÊÂÌËÂ (ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓÂ<br />

ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂ): íapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËfl,<br />

ÔappleË‚Ó‰fl˘‡fl Í Û‚Â΢ÂÌ˲ ËÎË ÛÏÂ̸¯ÂÌ˲<br />

ÙË„Ûapple˚.<br />

dimension/apple‡ÁÏÂapple: ÑÎË̇, ¯ËappleË̇ ËÎË<br />

‚˚ÒÓÚ‡ ÙË„Ûapple˚.<br />

direct variation/Ôappleflχfl<br />

ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËÓ̇θÌÓÒÚ¸: ëÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ÏÂʉÛ<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌ˚ÏË, ÔappleË ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ Í‡Ê‰‡fl<br />

ËÁ ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı Û‚Â΢˂‡ÂÚÒfl ËÎË<br />

ÛÏÂ̸¯‡ÂÚÒfl ‚ Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚ÓÈ ÒÚÂÔÂÌË.<br />

discount/ÒÍˉ͇: ëÛÏχ, ̇ ÍÓÚÓappleÛ˛<br />

ÒÌËʇÂÚÒfl ÔÂapple‚Ó̇˜‡Î¸Ì‡fl ˆÂ̇.<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó ‰ËÒÚappleË·ÛÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË<br />

ÛÏÌÓÊÂÌËfl ÓÚÌÓÒËÚÂθÌÓ ÒÎÓÊÂÌËfl:<br />

ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï<br />

ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ÒÛÏÏ˚ ÌÂÒÍÓθÍËı ˜ËÒÂΠ̇<br />

͇ÍÓÂ-ÎË·Ó ˜ËÒÎÓ apple‡‚ÌÓ ÒÛÏÏ ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌËÈ<br />

Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó Ò·„‡ÂÏÓ„Ó Ì‡ ˝ÚÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ.<br />

(G6: Distributive Property/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‰ËÒÚappleË·ÛÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË)<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) �<br />

(5 � 1)<br />

dividend/‰ÂÎËÏÓÂ: óËÒÎÓ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ‰ÂÎËÚÒfl<br />

ÔappleË ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌËË ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: Ç ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË 8 � 4 � 2 ˜ËÒÎÓ 8<br />

fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ‰ÂÎËÏ˚Ï.<br />

divisible/‰ÂÎfl˘ÂÂÒfl ·ÂÁ ÓÒÚ‡Ú͇: åÓÊÂÚ<br />

‰ÂÎËÚ¸Òfl ̇ ˜ËÒÎÓ ·ÂÁ ÓÒÚ‡Ú͇.<br />

Division Property of Equality/ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‰ÂÎÂÌËfl apple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡: ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚<br />

ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÂÒÎË ‚˚ apple‡Á‰ÂÎËÚÂ<br />

Ó·Â ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ̇ Ó‰ÌÓ Ë ÚÓ ÊÂ<br />

˜ËÒÎÓ, ÓÚ΢ÌÓ ÓÚ ÌÛÎfl, ÌÓ‚Ó Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ<br />

·Û‰ÂÚ ËÏÂÚ¸ ÚÓ Ê apple¯ÂÌËÂ.<br />

divisor/‰ÂÎËÚÂθ: óËÒÎÓ, ̇ ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ‚˚<br />

‰ÂÎËÚ ÔappleË ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌËË ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: Ç ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË 8 � 4 � 2 ˜ËÒÎÓ 4<br />

fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ‰ÂÎËÚÂÎÂÏ.<br />

dodecahedron/‰Ó‰Â͇˝‰apple: åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ Ò<br />

12 „apple‡ÌflÏË.<br />

domain/ӷ·ÒÚ¸: é·Î‡ÒÚ¸ ‚ÒÂı ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ‡apple„ÛÏÂÌÚÓ‚ ÙÛÌ͈ËË.<br />

double-bar graph/‰‚ÛıÒÚÓη˜‡Ú˚È<br />

„apple‡ÙËÍ: ëÚÓη˜‡Ú˚È „apple‡ÙËÍ,<br />

Òapple‡‚ÌË‚‡˛˘ËÈ ‰‚‡ Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÓ·ÓÈ<br />

̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

double-line graph/„apple‡ÙËÍ Ò ‰‚ÓÈÌÓÈ<br />

ÎËÌËÂÈ: Éapple‡ÙËÍ, ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ËÈ ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËÂ<br />

‰‚Ûı Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÓ·ÓÈ Ì‡·ÓappleÓ‚<br />

‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ‚Ó ‚appleÂÏÂÌË.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 88 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


E<br />

edge/apple·appleÓ: éÚappleÂÁÓÍ<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÈ, Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛˘ÂÈ<br />

ÒÓ·ÓÈ ÔÂappleÂÒ˜ÂÌË ‰‚Ûı<br />

„apple‡ÌÂÈ ÏÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌË͇.<br />

elements/˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚ˚: ëÎÓ‚‡, ˜ËÒ· ËÎË<br />

Ó·˙ÂÍÚ˚ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË.<br />

empirical probability/˝ÏÔËapple˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸: ëÏ. experimental probability<br />

(˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌڇθ̇fl ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸).<br />

empty set/ÔÛÒÚ‡fl ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚ¸:<br />

ëÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚ¸, Ì ÒÓ‰Âappleʇ˘‡fl ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚.<br />

endpoint/ÍÓ̘̇fl ÚӘ͇: íӘ͇ ‚ ÍÓ̈Â<br />

ÓÚappleÂÁ͇ ËÎË ÎÛ˜‡.<br />

enlargement/Û‚Â΢ÂÌËÂ: ì‚Â΢ÂÌË ‚ÒÂı<br />

apple‡ÁÏÂappleÓ‚ ‚ Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚ÓÈ ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËË.<br />

equally likely outcomes/apple‡‚ÌÓ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌ˚Â<br />

ËÒıÓ‰˚: àÒıÓ‰˚, Ëϲ˘Ë ӉË̇ÍÓ‚Û˛<br />

‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸.<br />

equation/Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ: å‡ÚÂχÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÂ<br />

Ôapple‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ, ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘Â apple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‰‚Ûı ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÈ.<br />

equilateral triangle/apple‡‚ÌÓÒÚÓappleÓÌÌËÈ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: íappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò ÚappleÂÏfl<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË.<br />

equivalent/˝Í‚Ë‚‡ÎÂÌÚ (˝Í‚Ë‚‡ÎÂÌÚÌ˚È):<br />

àϲ˘ËÈ Ú‡ÍÓ Ê Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ.<br />

equivalent fractions/˝Í‚Ë‚‡ÎÂÌÚÌ˚ ‰appleÓ·Ë:<br />

ÑappleÓ·Ë, Ó·ÓÁ̇˜‡˛˘Ë ӉË̇ÍÓ‚ÓÂ<br />

ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ËÎË Â„Ó ˜‡ÒÚ¸.<br />

equivalent ratios/˝Í‚Ë‚‡ÎÂÌÚÌ˚Â<br />

ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËË: èappleÓÔÓappleˆËË, ‚˚apple‡Ê‡˛˘ÂÂ<br />

Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚Ó ÒÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ.<br />

estimate/ÔappleË·ÎËÁËÚÂθ̇fl ÓˆÂÌ͇: éÚ‚ÂÚ,<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚È ·ÎËÁÓÍ Í ÚÓ˜ÌÓÏÛ ÓÚ‚ÂÚÛ,<br />

ÓÔapple‰ÂÎflÂÏ˚È ÓÍappleÛ„ÎÂÌËÂÏ, „appleÛÔÔËappleÓ‚ÍÓÈ,<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ ÓˆÂÌÍË ÔÓ ÔÂapple‚˚Ï ˆËÙapple‡Ï,<br />

Òapple‡‚ÌËÏ˚Ï ˜ËÒÎ‡Ï Ë ‰appleÛ„ËÏË ÒÔÓÒÓ·‡ÏË<br />

‰Îfl ̇ıÓʉÂÌËfl ÓÚ‚ÂÚ‡.<br />

evaluate/‚˚˜ËÒÎflÚ¸: ç‡ıÓ‰ËÚ¸ Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ<br />

‡appleËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó ËÎË ‡Î„·apple‡Ë˜ÂÒÍÓ„Ó<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËfl.<br />

ê·apple‡<br />

even number/˜ÂÚÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ: ñÂÎÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ‰ÂÎËÚÒfl ̇ ‰‚‡.<br />

event/ÒÓ·˚ÚËÂ: àÒıÓ‰ ËÎË ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚ¸<br />

ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚ ˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ‡ ËÎË ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËË.<br />

expanded form/Á‡ÔËÒ¸ ˜ËÒ· ‚ ‚ˉ applefl‰‡:<br />

óËÒÎÓ, Á‡ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓ ‚ ‚ˉ ÒÛÏÏ˚ Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ<br />

Â„Ó ˆËÙapple.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒÎÓ 236,536, Á‡ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓ ‚ ‚ˉÂ<br />

applefl‰‡, ·Û‰ÂÚ ËÏÂÚ¸ ‚ˉ 200,000 �<br />

30,000 � 6,000 � 500 � 30 � 6.<br />

experiment (probability)/˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ<br />

(‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸): Ç ÚÂÓappleËË ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚË -<br />

β·‡fl ‰ÂflÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸, Ò‚flÁ‡Ì̇fl ÒÓ ÒÎÛ˜‡ÂÏ<br />

(̇ÔappleËÏÂapple, ÔÓ‰·apple‡Ò˚‚‡ÌË ÏÓÌÂÚ˚).<br />

experimental probability/<br />

˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌڇθ̇fl ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸:<br />

éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡ ÔappleÓËÁӯ‰¯Ëı<br />

ÒÓ·˚ÚËÈ Í Ó·˘ÂÏÛ ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Û ÔÓÔ˚ÚÓÍ ËÎË<br />

ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Û ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌÌ˚ı ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÈ.<br />

exponent/˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂÌÚ‡, ÒÚÂÔÂ̸: óËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘Â ÒÍÓθÍÓ apple‡Á ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂ<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ‚ ͇˜ÂÒÚ‚Â ÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 23 � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; ˜ËÒÎÓ 3<br />

fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂÌÚÓÈ.<br />

exponential decay/˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθÌÓÂ<br />

Á‡ÚÛı‡ÌËÂ: àÏÂÂÚ ÏÂÒÚÓ ‚ ˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθÌÓÈ<br />

ÙÛÌ͈ËË, ÍÓ„‰‡ ÙÛÌ͈Ëfl f(x) Û·˚‚‡ÂÚ ÔÓ<br />

ÏÂapple ۂÂ΢ÂÌËfl ‡apple„ÛÏÂÌÚ‡ x.<br />

exponential form/˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθ̇fl<br />

ÙÓappleχ: ùÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθ̇fl ÙÓappleχ<br />

Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ Á‡ÔËÒ¸ ˜ËÒ· ‚ ‚ˉÂ<br />

ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl Ë ÔÓ͇Á‡ÚÂÎfl ÒÚÂÔÂÌË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 42 ˝ÚÓ ˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθ̇fl ÙÓappleχ<br />

‰Îfl 4 � 4.<br />

exponential function/˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθ̇fl<br />

ÙÛÌ͈Ëfl: çÂÎËÌÂÈ̇fl ÙÛÌ͈Ëfl, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌ̇fl ̇ıÓ‰ËÚÒfl ‚ ˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂÌÚÂ.<br />

exponential growth/˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθÌ˚È<br />

appleÓÒÚ: àÏÂÂÚ ÏÂÒÚÓ ‚ ˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθÌÓÈ<br />

ÙÛÌ͈ËË, ÍÓ„‰‡ Á̇˜ÂÌË f(x) Û‚Â΢˂‡ÂÚÒfl<br />

ÔÓ ÏÂapple ۂÂ΢ÂÌËfl ‡apple„ÛÏÂÌÚ‡ x.<br />

expression/‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ: å‡ÚÂχÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÂ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÒÓ‰ÂappleÊËÚ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl,<br />

˜ËÒ· Ë (ËÎË) ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌ˚Â.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 89 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


extrapolation/˝ÍÒÚapple‡ÔÓÎflˆËfl: éˆÂÌ͇ ËÎË<br />

Ôapple‰Ò͇Á‡ÌË ÌÂËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ„Ó Á̇˜ÂÌËfl ̇<br />

ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌ˚ı Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ.<br />

F<br />

face/„apple‡Ì¸: èÎÓÒ͇fl ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸<br />

ÏÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌË͇.<br />

factor/ÏÌÓÊËÚÂθ: óËÒÎÓ, ÛÏÌÓʇÂÏÓ ̇<br />

‰appleÛ„Ó ˜ËÒÎÓ ‰Îfl ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌËfl ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌËfl.<br />

factor tree/‰ÂappleÂ‚Ó ÒÓÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎÂÈ:<br />

Ñˇ„apple‡Ïχ, ̇ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ÔÓ͇Á‡ÌÓ, Í‡Í ˆÂÎÓÂ<br />

˜ËÒÎÓ apple‡Á·Ë‚‡ÂÚÒfl ̇ ÔappleÓÒÚ˚ ÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎË.<br />

factorial/Ù‡ÍÚÓappleˇÎ: èappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ‚ÒÂı<br />

ˆÂÎ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ, ÍappleÓÏ ÌÛÎfl, ÍÓÚÓapple˚ apple‡‚Ì˚<br />

ËÎË ÏÂ̸¯Â ‰‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ·.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 4 Ù‡ÍÚÓappleˇΠ� 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1<br />

0! ÓÔapple‰ÂÎflÂÚÒfl Í‡Í apple‡‚Ì˚È 1.<br />

Fahrenheit/„apple‡‰ÛÒ˚ î‡appleÂÌ„ÂÈÚ‡:<br />

íÂÏÔÂapple‡ÚÛapplėfl ¯Í‡Î‡, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

ÚÂÏÔÂapple‡ÚÛapple‡ 32°F ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ ÚÓ˜ÍÂ<br />

Á‡ÏÂappleÁ‡ÌËfl ‚Ó‰˚ Ë 212°F ÚӘ͠ÍËÔÂÌËfl<br />

‚Ó‰˚.<br />

fair/˜ÂÒÚÌ˚È: äÓ„‰‡ ‚Ò ËÒıÓ‰˚<br />

˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ‡ ËÏÂ˛Ú Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚˚È ¯‡ÌÒ,<br />

˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ Ì‡Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl ˜ÂÒÚÌ˚Ï.<br />

fair games/˜ÂÒÚÌ˚ ˄apple˚: à„apple˚, ‚ ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı<br />

‚Ò ˄appleÓÍË ËÏÂ˛Ú apple‡‚Ì˚ ¯‡ÌÒ˚ ̇<br />

‚˚Ë„apple˚¯.<br />

favorable outcome/·Î‡„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚È ËÒıÓ‰:<br />

àÒıÓ‰, ÍÓÚÓapple˚È ‚˚ ÒÚ‡apple‡ÂÚÂÒ¸ ÔÓÎÛ˜ËÚ¸ ÔappleË<br />

Ôappleӂ‰ÂÌËË ˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ‡.<br />

Fibonacci sequence/ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸<br />

îË·Ó̇˜˜Ë: ÅÂÒÍÓ̘̇fl<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸ ˜ËÒÂÎ (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,<br />

13,…), ͇ʉÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ, ̇˜Ë̇fl Ò<br />

ÚappleÂÚ¸Â„Ó ˜ÎÂ̇, fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÒÛÏÏÓÈ ‰‚Ûı<br />

Ôapple‰˚‰Û˘Ëı; ̇Á‚‡Ì‡ ÔÓ ËÏÂÌË Ï‡ÚÂχÚË͇<br />

ÚappleË̇‰ˆ‡ÚÓ„Ó ‚Â͇ ãÂÓ̇apple‰Ó îË·Ó̇˜˜Ë.<br />

first differences/ÔÂapple‚˚ apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚË:<br />

èÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸, Ó·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡Ì̇fl<br />

ÔÓÒapple‰ÒÚ‚ÓÏ ‚˚˜ËÚ‡ÌËfl Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ˜ÎÂ̇<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚË ËÁ ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘Â„Ó ˜ÎÂ̇.<br />

first quartile/ÔÂapple‚‡fl Í‚‡appleÚËθ: å‰ˇ̇<br />

ÌËÊÌÂÈ ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ˚ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı; Ú‡ÍÊÂ<br />

̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl lower quartile (ÌËÊÌflfl<br />

Í‚‡appleÚËθ).<br />

formula/ÙÓappleÏÛ·: èapple‡‚ËÎÓ, ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ÂÂ<br />

ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ÏÂÊ‰Û ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡ÏË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: A � lw<br />

fractal/‰appleӷ̇fl: ëÚappleÛÍÚÛapple‡ Ò<br />

ÔÓ‚ÚÓapplefl˛˘ËÏËÒfl Ó·apple‡Áˆ‡ÏË, Ëϲ˘ËÏË<br />

Ú‡ÍÓÈ Ê ‚ˉ, Í‡Í Ë ˆÂ·fl, ÚÓθÍÓ ÓÚ΢Ì˚ı<br />

apple‡ÁÏÂappleÓ‚.<br />

fraction/‰appleÓ·¸: óËÒÎÓ ‚ ÙÓappleÏ a – b , „‰Â b � 0.<br />

frequency table/Ú‡·Îˈ‡ ÔÎÓÚÌÓÒÚË<br />

apple‡ÒÔapple‰ÂÎÂÌËfl: 퇷Îˈ‡, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

‚Â΢ËÌ˚ Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ‚ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË ÓÚ<br />

ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚ ËÎË ˜‡ÒÚÓÚ˚<br />

‚ÒÚapple˜‡ÂÏÓÒÚË ‚Â΢ËÌ.<br />

front-end estimation/ÓˆÂÌ͇ ÔÓ ÔÂapple‚˚Ï<br />

ˆËÙapple‡Ï: åÂÚÓ‰Ë͇ ÓˆÂÌÍË, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

ÒÍ·‰˚‚‡˛ÚÒfl ÔÂapple‚˚ ˆËÙapple˚ Ò·„‡ÂÏ˚ı Ë<br />

Á‡ÚÂÏ ÒÛÏχ ÍÓappleappleÂÍÚËappleÛÂÚÒfl ‰Îfl ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌËfl<br />

·ÓΠÚÓ˜ÌÓÈ ÓˆÂÌÍË.<br />

function/ÙÛÌ͈Ëfl: ᇂËÒËÏÓÒÚ¸ ÏÂʉÛ<br />

‚ıÓ‰Ì˚ÏË Ë ‚˚ıÓ‰Ì˚ÏË Á̇˜ÂÌËflÏË, ÍÓ„‰‡<br />

͇ʉÓÏÛ ‚ıÓ‰ÌÓÏÛ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ<br />

‰ËÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ‚˚ıÓ‰ÌÓ Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ.<br />

function notation/Á‡ÔËÒ¸ ÙÛÌ͈ËË: á‡ÔËÒ¸,<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ‰Îfl ÓÔËÒ‡ÌËfl ÙÛÌ͈ËË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: y � 3x 2 f(x) � 3x 2 ; f(x)<br />

˜ËÚ‡ÂÚÒfl “f ÓÚ x.”<br />

function table/Ú‡·Îˈ‡ ÙÛÌ͈ËË: 퇷Îˈ‡<br />

ÛÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌÌ˚ı Ô‡apple, ÍÓÚÓapple˚ Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛Ú<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌËfl ÙÛÌ͈ËË ‚ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË ÓÚ<br />

‡apple„ÛÏÂÌÚ‡.<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle/<br />

ÙÛ̉‡ÏÂÌڇθÌ˚È ÔappleË̈ËÔ ÔÓ‰Ò˜ÂÚ‡:<br />

ÖÒÎË ÔÂapple‚ÓÂ ÒÓ·˚ÚËÂ ËÏÂÂÚ m ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı<br />

ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚, ‡ ÔÓÒΠÚÓ„Ó, Í‡Í ÔappleÓËÁÓȉÂÚ<br />

ÔÂapple‚ÓÂ ÒÓ·˚ÚËÂ, ‚ÚÓappleÓÂ ÒÓ·˚ÚËÂ ËÏÂÂÚ n<br />

‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚, ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚ Ó·ÓËı ÒÓ·˚ÚËÈ ·Û‰ÂÚ<br />

ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÎflÚ¸ m � n.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 90 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


G<br />

geometric probability/„ÂÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸: ÇÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡Ì̇fl ̇<br />

ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËË appleÂÁÛθڇÚÓ‚ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËÈ<br />

„ÂÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒÍËı ÙË„Ûapple.<br />

geometric sequence/„ÂÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

ÔappleÓ„appleÂÒÒËfl: ìÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌ̇fl<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸ ˜ËÒÂÎ, Ëϲ˘Ëı<br />

Ó·˘ËÈ Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ ÔappleÓ„appleÂÒÒËË ÏÂʉÛ<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌ˚ÏË ˜ÎÂ̇ÏË.<br />

Golden Ratio/ÁÓÎÓÚÓ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ:<br />

éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ, apple‡‚ÌÓ ÔappleË·ÎËÁËÚÂθÌÓ 1.618.<br />

Ç ÁÓÎÓÚÓÏ ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

‰ÎËÌ˚ Í ¯ËappleËÌ ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ<br />

ÔappleË·ÎËÁËÚÂθÌÓ 1.618.<br />

graph of an equation/„apple‡ÙËÍ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl:<br />

Éapple‡ÙËÍ Ì‡·ÓappleÓ‚ ÛÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌÌ˚ı Ô‡apple,<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚ fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl apple¯ÂÌËflÏË Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl.<br />

great circle/·Óθ¯ÓÈ ÍappleÛ„: äappleÛ„,<br />

apple‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚È Ì‡ ÒÙÂapple ڇÍËÏ Ó·apple‡ÁÓÏ,<br />

˜ÚÓ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚ¸, ÒÓ‰Âappleʇ˘‡fl ÍappleÛ„, ÔappleÓıÓ‰ËÚ<br />

˜ÂappleÂÁ ˆÂÌÚapple ÒÙÂapple˚.<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/̇˷Óθ¯ËÈ<br />

Ó·˘ËÈ ‰ÂÎËÚÂθ (çéÑ): ç‡Ë·Óθ¯ËÈ Ó·˘ËÈ<br />

‰ÂÎËÚÂθ ‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓΠ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

H<br />

height/‚˚ÒÓÚ‡<br />

Ç ÔËapple‡Ïˉ ËÎË ÍÓÌÛÒ - ‰ÎË̇<br />

ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflapple‡ ÓÚ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‰Ó<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌÓÈ ‚Âapple¯ËÌ˚.<br />

Ç ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ ËÎË ˜ÂÚ˚appleÂıÛ„ÓθÌËÍ -<br />

‰ÎË̇ ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflapple‡ ÓÚ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‰Ó<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌÓÈ ‚Âapple¯ËÌ˚ ËÎË ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚.<br />

Ç ÔappleËÁÏ ËÎË ˆËÎË̉apple - ‰ÎË̇<br />

ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflapple‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËflÏË.<br />

hemisphere/ÔÓÎÛÒÙÂapple‡: èÓÎÓ‚Ë̇ ÒÙÂapple˚.<br />

heptagon/ÒÂÏËÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: ëÂÏËÒÚÓappleÓÌÌËÈ<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ.<br />

hexagon/¯ÂÒÚËÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: òÂÒÚËÒÚÓappleÓÌÌËÈ<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ.<br />

histogram/„ËÒÚÓ„apple‡Ïχ: ëÚÓη˜‡Ú˚È<br />

„apple‡ÙËÍ, ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ËÈ ˜‡ÒÚÓÚÛ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ‚<br />

Ôapple‰Â·ı apple‡‚Ì˚ı ËÌÚÂapple‚‡ÎÓ‚.<br />

horizon line/ÎËÌËfl „ÓappleËÁÓÌÚ‡:<br />

ÉÓappleËÁÓÌڇθ̇fl ÎËÌËfl, Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛˘‡fl<br />

ÛappleÓ‚Â̸ ‚Á„Îfl‰‡ ÒÏÓÚapplefl˘Â„Ó.<br />

hypotenuse/„ËÔÓÚÂÌÛÁ‡: Ç ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌÓÏ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ - ÒÚÓappleÓ̇, ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊ̇fl<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÏÛ Û„ÎÛ.<br />

icosahedron/ËÍÓÒ‡˝‰apple: åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ Ò 20<br />

„apple‡ÌflÏË.<br />

Identity Property of One/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÛÏÌÓÊÂÌËfl ̇ 1: ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË<br />

Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË 1 Ë Î˛·Ó„Ó ˜ËÒ·<br />

apple‡‚ÌÓ ˝ÚÓÏÛ ˜ËÒÎÛ.<br />

Identity Property of Zero/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÒÎÓÊÂÌËfl Ò ÌÛÎÂÏ: ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚<br />

ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÒÛÏχ ÌÛÎfl Ò<br />

β·˚Ï ‰appleÛ„ËÏ ˜ËÒÎÓÏ apple‡‚̇ ˝ÚÓÏÛ ˜ËÒÎÛ.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 91 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

I<br />

if-then statement/ÛÚ‚ÂappleʉÂÌË “ÂÒÎË-ÚÓ”:<br />

ãӄ˘ÂÒÍÓ ÛÚ‚ÂappleʉÂÌËÂ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓÂ<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚ ÂÒÎË Ë ÚÓ ‰Îfl ÔÓ͇Á‡ Ò‚flÁË<br />

ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl ÛÒÎÓ‚ËflÏË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: ÖÒÎË ‚Ò ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇<br />

ËÏÂ˛Ú Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚Û˛ ‰ÎËÌÛ Ë ‚ÒÂ<br />

Û„Î˚ apple‡‚Ì˚, ÚÓ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ<br />

fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ôapple‡‚ËθÌ˚Ï.<br />

image/ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ: îË„Ûapple‡, ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Âχfl ‚<br />

appleÂÁÛθڇÚ Úapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËË.<br />

impossible (probability)/Ì‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÂ<br />

ÒÓ·˚ÚË (Ó ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÏ ÒÓ·˚ÚËË): çËÍÓ„‰‡<br />

ÌÂ ÏÓÊÂÚ ÔappleÓËÁÓÈÚË; ËÏÂÂÚ ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸,<br />

apple‡‚ÌÛ˛ 0.<br />

improper fraction/ÌÂÔapple‡‚Ëθ̇fl ‰appleÓ·¸:<br />

ÑappleÓ·¸, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ ·Óθ¯Â<br />

Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂÎfl ËÎË apple‡‚ÂÌ ÂÏÛ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5 –<br />

5 , 5 –<br />

3<br />

independent events/ÌÂÁ‡‚ËÒËÏ˚ ÒÓ·˚ÚËfl:<br />

ëÓ·˚ÚËfl, ËÒıÓ‰ Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó ËÁ ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı ÌÂ<br />

‚ÎËflÂÚ Ì‡ ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸ ‰appleÛ„Ó„Ó.<br />

indirect measurement/ÍÓÒ‚ÂÌÌÓÂ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËÂ:<br />

åÂÚÓ‰Ë͇ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ı ÙË„Ûapple Ë<br />

ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËÈ ‰Îfl ̇ıÓʉÂÌËfl apple‡ÁÏÂapple‡.


inductive reasoning/Ë̉ÛÍÚË‚ÌÓÂ<br />

apple‡ÒÒÛʉÂÌËÂ: àÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌË ӷapple‡Áˆ‡ ‰Îfl<br />

ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌËfl ‚˚‚Ó‰‡.<br />

inequality/ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó: å‡ÚÂχÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÂ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

ÏÂÊ‰Û ÌÂapple‡‚Ì˚ÏË ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡ÏË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

input/‡apple„ÛÏÂÌÚ: á̇˜ÂÌËÂ, ÔÓ‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÏÓ ‚<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌË ËÎË ÙÛÌÍˆË˛.<br />

integers/ˆÂÎ˚ ˜ËÒ·: åÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÔÓÎÓÊËÚÂθÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ Ë ˜ËÒÂÎ,<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚ı ËÏ ÔÓ Á̇ÍÛ.<br />

interest/ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ˚: ëÛÏχ ‰ÂÌ„, ÍÓÚÓappleÛ˛<br />

ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ Á‡Ô·ÚËÚ¸ Á‡ Á‡ÂÏ ËÎË<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌË ‰ÂÌ„.<br />

interior angles/<br />

‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËÂ Û„Î˚:<br />

ì„Î˚ ̇ ‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËı<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ı ‰‚Ûı ÔappleflÏ˚ı,<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇ÂÏ˚ı ÒÂÍÛ˘ÂÈ.<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

ç‡ ‰Ë‡„apple‡ÏÏ �c, �d, �e Ë �f fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

‚ÌÛÚappleÂÌÌËÏË Û„Î‡ÏË.<br />

interquartile range/ËÌÚÂappleÍ‚‡appleÚËθÌ˚È<br />

apple‡Áχı: ê‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‚ÂappleıÌÂÈ Ë ÌËÊÌÂÈ<br />

Í‚‡appleÚËθ˛ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

intersecting lines/ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛˘ËÂÒfl ÎËÌËË:<br />

ãËÌËË, ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛˘Ë ÚÓθÍÓ ‚ Ó‰ÌÓÈ ÚÓ˜ÍÂ.<br />

intersection (sets)/ÔÂappleÂÒ˜ÂÌË (ӷ·ÒÚÂÈ):<br />

é·Î‡ÒÚ¸ ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚, Ó·˘Ëı ‰Îfl ‰‚Ûı ËÎË<br />

·ÓΠӷ·ÒÚÂÈ.<br />

interval/ËÌÚÂapple‚‡Î: ê‡ÒÒÚÓflÌË ÏÂʉÛ<br />

ÓÚϘÂÌÌ˚ÏË Á̇˜ÂÌËflÏË Ì‡ ˜ËÒÎÓ‚ÓÈ<br />

ÎËÌËË ËÎË ¯Í‡Î „apple‡ÙË͇.<br />

inverse operations/Ó·apple‡ÚÌ˚ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl:<br />

ÑÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl, ÓÚÏÂÌfl˛˘Ë ‰appleÛ„ ‰appleÛ„‡:<br />

ÒÎÓÊÂÌËÂ Ë ‚˚˜ËÚ‡ÌËÂ, ÛÏÌÓÊÂÌË Ë<br />

‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ.<br />

inverse variation/Ó·apple‡Ú̇fl Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚ¸:<br />

éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ Ó‰Ì‡ ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌ̇fl<br />

Û‚Â΢˂‡ÂÚÒfl ÔÓ ÏÂapple ÛÏÂ̸¯ÂÌËfl ‰appleÛ„ÓÈ<br />

ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌÓÈ; ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ˝ÚËı ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı<br />

fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÔÓÒÚÓflÌÌ˚Ï.<br />

irrational number/Ëappleapple‡ˆËÓ̇θÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ:<br />

óËÒÎÓ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ Ì ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌÓ ‚<br />

‚ˉ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËfl ‰‚Ûı ˆÂÎ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ ËÎË<br />

ÔÂappleËӉ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÎË·Ó ÍÓ̘ÌÓÈ ‰ÂÒflÚ˘ÌÓÈ<br />

‰appleÓ·Ë.<br />

isolate the variable/ÓÚ‰ÂÎËÚ¸ ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌÛ˛:<br />

ê‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊËÚ¸ ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌÛ˛ Ò Ó‰ÌÓÈ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚<br />

Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ËÎË ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡ ‰Îfl apple¯ÂÌËfl<br />

˝ÚÓ„Ó Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ËÎË ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡.<br />

isometric drawing/ËÁÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒÍËÈ<br />

˜ÂappleÚÂÊ: èapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌË ÚappleÂıÏÂappleÌÓÈ<br />

ÙË„Ûapple˚ ‚ ‚ˉ ËÁÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl ̇ ÒÂÚÍÂ<br />

apple‡‚ÌÓÒÚÓappleÓÌÌËı ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍÓ‚.<br />

isosceles triangle/apple‡‚Ìӷ‰appleÂÌÌ˚È<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: íappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ, Í‡Í ÏËÌËÏÛÏ, Ò<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË.<br />

K<br />

kite/“·ÛχÊÌ˚È ÁÏÂÈ”: óÂÚ˚appleÂıÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl Ô‡apple‡ÏË ÔappleË΄‡˛˘Ëı ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ı<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌ.<br />

lateral face/·ÓÍÓ‚‡fl „apple‡Ì¸: Ç ÔappleËÁÏ ËÎË<br />

ÔËapple‡Ïˉ - ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl ÌÂ<br />

fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ.<br />

L<br />

lateral surface/·ÓÍÓ‚‡fl ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸: Ç<br />

ˆËÎË̉apple - ÍappleË‚‡fl ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸,<br />

ÒÓ‰ËÌfl˛˘‡fl ÍappleÛ„Î˚ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl; ‚ ÍÓÌÛÒ -<br />

ÍappleË‚‡fl ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸, Ì fl‚Îfl˛˘‡flÒfl<br />

ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ.<br />

ÅÓÍÓ‚‡fl<br />

ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸<br />

least common denominator (LCD)/<br />

̇ËÏÂ̸¯ËÈ Ó·˘ËÈ Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ (çéá):<br />

ç‡ËÏÂ̸¯Â ӷ˘Â Íapple‡ÚÌÓ ‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓÎÂÂ<br />

Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂÎÂÈ.<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/̇ËÏÂ̸¯ÂÂ<br />

Ó·˘Â Íapple‡ÚÌÓ (çéä): ç‡ËÏÂ̸¯Â ˜ËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÓÚ΢ÌÓ ÓÚ ÌÛÎfl, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl<br />

Íapple‡ÚÌ˚Ï ‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓΠ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 92 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


legs/͇ÚÂÚ˚, ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚: Ç ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌÓÏ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ - ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚, ÔappleËÎÂʇ˘Ë Í<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÏÛ Û„ÎÛ; ‚ apple‡‚Ìӷ‰appleÂÌÌÓÏ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ - Ô‡apple‡ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ı ÒÚÓappleÓÌ.<br />

like fractions/ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚Â ‰appleÓ·Ë: ÑappleÓ·Ë,<br />

Ëϲ˘Ë ӉË̇ÍÓ‚˚È Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5 ––<br />

12 Ë 3 ––<br />

12 fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ÏË<br />

‰appleÓ·flÏË.<br />

like terms/ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ ˜ÎÂÌ˚: Ñ‚‡ ËÎË ·ÓÎÂÂ<br />

˜ÎÂÌÓ‚, Û ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı Ӊ̇ Ë Ú‡ Ê ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌ̇fl<br />

‚ÓÁ‚‰Â̇ ‚ Ó‰ÌÛ Ë ÚÛ Ê ÒÚÂÔÂ̸.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: ‚ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË 3a � 5b � 12a,<br />

3a Ë 12a fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ÏË<br />

˜ÎÂ̇ÏË.<br />

line/Ôappleflχfl: èappleflχfl ÎËÌËfl,<br />

ÔappleÓÒÚËapple‡˛˘‡flÒfl ·ÂÒÍÓ̘ÌÓ ‚<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚ı ̇Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌËflı.<br />

line graph/ÎËÌÂÈ̇fl ‰Ë‡„apple‡Ïχ:<br />

Ñˇ„apple‡Ïχ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ‰Îfl ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl<br />

ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËfl ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒfl ÓÚappleÂÁÍË<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÈ.<br />

line of best fit/ÎËÌËfl ̇ËÎÛ˜¯Â„Ó<br />

ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Ëfl: ãËÌËfl, ÔappleÓıÓ‰fl˘‡fl ·ÎËÊÂ<br />

‚ÒÂ„Ó ÍÓ ‚ÒÂÏ ÚÓ˜Í‡Ï „apple‡ÙË͇ apple‡ÒÒÂË‚‡ÌËfl.<br />

line plot/ÎËÌÂÈÌ˚È „apple‡ÙËÍ: óËÒÎÓ‚‡fl<br />

ÎËÌËfl Ò ÏÂÚ͇ÏË ËÎË ÚӘ͇ÏË,<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ËÏË ˜‡ÒÚÓÚÛ.<br />

line segment/ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ ÔappleflÏÓÈ: ó‡ÒÚ¸<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÈ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl ÚӘ͇ÏË.<br />

line of reflection/ÎËÌËfl ÓÚapple‡ÊÂÌËfl: ãËÌËfl,<br />

ÓÚÌÓÒËÚÂθÌÓ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ÔÓ‚Óapple‡˜Ë‚‡ÂÚÒfl<br />

ÙË„Ûapple‡ ‰Îfl ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËfl ÓÚapple‡ÊÂÌÌÓ„Ó<br />

ËÁÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl ÔÂapple‚Ó̇˜‡Î¸ÌÓÈ ÙË„Ûapple˚.<br />

line of symmetry/ÎËÌËfl ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËË:<br />

ÇÓÓ·apple‡Ê‡ÂÏÓ “ÁÂapple͇ÎÓ” ̇ ÎËÌËË<br />

ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËË.<br />

line symmetry/ÎËÌÂÈ̇fl ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËfl:<br />

îË„Ûapple‡ ËÏÂÂÚ ÎËÌÂÈÌÛ˛ ÒËÏÏÂÚapple˲, ÂÒÎË<br />

Ӊ̇  ÔÓÎÓ‚Ë̇ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÁÂapple͇θÌ˚Ï<br />

ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËÂÏ ‰appleÛ„ÓÈ ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ˚.<br />

(G6: symmetry/ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËfl)<br />

linear equation/ÎËÌÂÈÌÓ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ:<br />

ìapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ, apple¯ÂÌËÂÏ ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl<br />

Ôappleflχfl ÎËÌËfl ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú.<br />

linear function/ÎËÌÂÈ̇fl ÙÛÌ͈Ëfl;<br />

îÛÌ͈Ëfl, „apple‡ÙËÍÓÏ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl<br />

Ôappleflχfl ÎËÌËfl.<br />

linear inequality/ÎËÌÂÈÌÓ ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó:<br />

å‡ÚÂχÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒfl Á̇ÍË �, �, � ËÎË �,<br />

ÓÚÓ·apple‡Ê‡ÂÏÓ ̇ „apple‡ÙËÍ ‚ ‚ˉ ӷ·ÒÚË Ò<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÎËÌÂÈÌ˚ÏË „apple‡Ìˈ‡ÏË.<br />

lower extreme/ÌËÊÌËÈ ˝ÍÒÚappleÂÏÛÏ:<br />

ç‡ËÏÂ̸¯Â ˜ËÒÎÓ ‚ ̇·Óapple ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

lower quartile/ÌËÊÌflfl Í‚‡appleÚËθ: ëapple‰ÌÂÂ<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌË ÌËÊÌÂÈ ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ˚ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı;<br />

Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl first quartile (ÔÂapple‚‡fl<br />

Í‚‡appleÚËθ).<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 93 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

M<br />

mean/Òapple‰Ìflfl ‚Â΢Ë̇: ëÛÏχ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ËÁ<br />

̇·Óapple‡, ‰ÂÎÂÌ̇fl ̇ ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚<br />

‚ ̇·Óapple ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı; Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl average<br />

(Òapple‰Ì Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ).<br />

measure of central tendency/Ô‡apple‡ÏÂÚapple<br />

Ò‰‚Ë„‡: åÂapple‡, ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ‰Îfl ÓÔËÒ‡ÌËfl<br />

ˆÂÌÚapple‡ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı; Òapple‰Ì Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ,<br />

ωˇ̇ Ë ÏÓ‰‡ fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl Ô‡apple‡ÏÂÚapple‡ÏË<br />

Ò‰‚Ë„‡.<br />

median/ωˇ̇ (ωˇÌÌÓ Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ):<br />

ëapple‰Ì ˜ËÒÎÓ ËÎË Òapple‰Ì Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ<br />

(Òapple‰Ìflfl ‚Â΢Ë̇) ‰‚Ûı Òapple‰ÌËı ˜ËÒÂÎ ‚<br />

ÛÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌÌÓÏ Ì‡·Óapple ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

metric system of measurement/<br />

ÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒ͇fl ÒËÒÚÂχ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl:<br />

ÑÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ÒËÒÚÂχ ÏÂapple Ë ‚ÂÒÓ‚, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ÔÓ‚ÒÂÏÂÒÚÌÓ ‚ ̇ÛÍÂ Ë ‚ ˆÂÎÓÏ<br />

‚Ó ‚ÒÂÏ ÏËappleÂ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: Ò‡ÌÚËÏÂÚapple˚, ÏÂÚapple˚, ÍËÎÓÏÂÚapple˚,<br />

„apple‡ÏÏ˚, ÍËÎÓ„apple‡ÏÏ˚,<br />

ÏËÎÎËÎËÚapple˚ Ë ÎËÚapple˚ - ‚ÒÂ ˝ÚË<br />

‰ËÌˈ˚ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

ÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒÍËÏË.<br />

midpoint/Òapple‰Ìflfl ÚӘ͇: íӘ͇, ‰ÂÎfl˘‡fl<br />

ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ Ì‡ ‰‚‡ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ı ÓÚappleÂÁ͇.<br />

mixed number/Òϯ‡ÌÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ: óËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÒÓÒÚÓfl˘Â ËÁ ˆÂÎÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ·, ÌÂ<br />

fl‚Îfl˛˘Â„ÓÒfl ÌÛÎÂÏ, Ë ‰appleÓ·Ë.


mode/ÏÓ‰‡: óËÒÎÓ ËÎË ˜ËÒ·, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â<br />

˜‡˘Â ‚ÒÂ„Ó ‚ÒÚapple˜‡˛ÚÒfl ‚ ̇·Óapple ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı;<br />

ÍÓ„‰‡ ‚Ò ˜ËÒ· ‚ÒÚapple˜‡˛ÚÒfl Ò Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚ÓÈ<br />

˜‡ÒÚÓÚÓÈ, „Ó‚ÓappleflÚ, ˜ÚÓ ÏÓ‰‡ ÓÚÒÛÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ.<br />

monomial/Ó‰ÌÓ˜ÎÂÌ: ÄappleËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ ËÎË<br />

‡Î„·apple‡Ë˜ÂÒÍÓ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ Ò Ó‰ÌËÏ ˜ÎÂÌÓÏ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: n,5n2 ,8,�3<br />

Multiplication Property of Equality/<br />

ÏÛθÚËÔÎË͇ÚË‚ÌÓ ҂ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl:<br />

ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÂÒÎË<br />

‚˚ ÛÏÌÓÊËÚ ӷ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ̇<br />

Ó‰ÌÓ Ë ÚÓ Ê ˜ËÒÎÓ, ÌÓ‚Ó Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌË ·Û‰ÂÚ<br />

ËÏÂÚ¸ ÚÓ Ê apple¯ÂÌËÂ.<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

ÛÏÌÓÊÂÌËfl ̇ ÌÛθ: ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚<br />

ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ‰Îfl ‚ÒÂı<br />

‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ a ËÏÂÂÚ ÏÂÒÚÓ<br />

a � 0 � 0 Ë 0 � a � 0.<br />

multiplicative inverse/Ó·apple‡Ú̇fl ‚Â΢Ë̇:<br />

èappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ˜ËÒ· ̇ Â„Ó Ó·apple‡ÚÌÛ˛<br />

‚Â΢ËÌÛ apple‡‚ÌÓ 1; Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl<br />

reciprocal (Ó·apple‡ÚÌ˚Ï Á̇˜ÂÌËÂÏ).<br />

èappleËÏeapple: é·apple‡Ú̇fl ‚Â΢Ë̇ 4 – 5 ˝ÚÓ 5 – 4 .<br />

multiple/Íapple‡ÚÌÓÂ: èappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË β·Ó„Ó<br />

˜ËÒ· Ë ˆÂÎÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ· fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Íapple‡ÚÌ˚Ï<br />

‰‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ·.<br />

mutually exclusive/‚Á‡ËÏÓËÒÍβ˜‡˛˘ËÂ:<br />

Ñ‚‡ ÒÓ·˚ÚËfl fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

‚Á‡ËÏÓËÒÍβ˜‡˛˘ËÏË, ÂÒÎË ÓÌË Ì ÏÓ„ÛÚ<br />

ÔappleÓËÁÓÈÚË ‚ Ó‰ÌÓÏ Ë ÚÓÏ Ê ËÒÔ˚Ú‡ÌËË ‚<br />

ıӉ ˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ‡.<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/ÓÚappleˈ‡ÚÂθ̇fl<br />

ÍÓappleappleÂÎflˆËfl: Ñ‚‡ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ËϲÚ<br />

ÓÚappleˈ‡ÚÂθÌÛ˛ ÍÓappleappleÂÎflˆË˛, ÂÒÎË Ó‰ËÌ<br />

̇·Óapple Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı Û‚Â΢˂‡ÂÚÒfl, ‚ ÚÓ<br />

‚appleÂÏfl Í‡Í ‰appleÛ„ÓÈ ÛÏÂ̸¯‡ÂÚÒfl.<br />

negative integer/ÓÚappleˈ‡ÚÂθÌÓ ˆÂÎÓÂ<br />

˜ËÒÎÓ: ñÂÎÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ ÏÂ̸¯Â ÌÛÎfl.<br />

(G6: negative number/ÓÚappleˈ‡ÚÂθÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ)<br />

net/apple‡Á‚ÂappleÚ͇: í‡ÍÓ apple‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ<br />

‰‚ÛÏÂappleÌ˚ı ÙË„Ûapple, ˜ÚÓ ËÁ ÌËı ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸<br />

ÒÎÓÊÂÌ ÏÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ.<br />

no correlation/ÓÚÒÛÚÒÚ‚Ë ÍÓappleappleÂÎflˆËË: Ñ‚‡<br />

̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı Ì ËÏÂ˛Ú ÍÓappleappleÂÎflˆËË, ÍÓ„‰‡<br />

ÏÂÊ‰Û Á̇˜ÂÌËflÏË ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ËÁ ̇·ÓappleÓ‚ ÌÂÚ<br />

ÌË͇ÍÓÈ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË.<br />

nonlinear function/ÌÂÎËÌÂÈ̇fl ÙÛÌ͈Ëfl:<br />

îÛÌ͈Ëfl, „apple‡ÙËÍ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ Ì fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÈ ÎËÌËÂÈ.<br />

nonterminating decimal/·ÂÒÍÓ̘̇fl<br />

‰ÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ‰appleÓ·¸: ÑÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ‰appleÓ·¸,<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl ÌËÍÓ„‰‡ Ì Á‡Í‡Ì˜Ë‚‡ÂÚÒfl.<br />

numerator/˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ: Ç ‰appleÓ·Ë ˝ÚÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ‰ÂÎflÚ Ì‡ Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ Ë ÍÓÚÓappleÓÂ<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ, ÒÍÓθÍÓ ˜‡ÒÚÂÈ ˆÂÎÓ„Ó<br />

apple‡ÒÒχÚappleË‚‡ÂÚÒfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 4 – ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ<br />

5<br />

numerical expression/˜ËÒÎÓ‚ÓÂ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ: Ç˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ, ÒÓ‰Âappleʇ˘ÂÂ<br />

ÚÓθÍÓ ˜ËÒ· Ë ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl.<br />

O<br />

obtuse angle/ÚÛÔÓÈ Û„ÓÎ: ì„ÓÎ, apple‡ÁÏÂapple<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó ·Óθ¯Â 90°, ÌÓ ÏÂ̸¯Â 180°.<br />

obtuse triangle/ÚÛÔÓÛ„ÓθÌ˚È ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ:<br />

íappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ, Ëϲ˘ËÈ Ó‰ËÌ ÚÛÔÓÈ Û„ÓÎ.<br />

octagon/‚ÓÒ¸ÏËÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: åÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò<br />

‚ÓÒÂϸ˛ ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË.<br />

octahedron/‚ÓÒ¸ÏË„apple‡ÌÌËÍ: åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ<br />

Ò ‚ÓÒÂϸ˛ „apple‡ÌflÏË.<br />

odd number/̘ÂÚÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ: ñÂÎÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ Ì ‰ÂÎËÚÒfl ̇ ‰‚‡.<br />

odds/¯‡ÌÒ˚: ëÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ<br />

·Î‡„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı Ë Ì··„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚.<br />

odds against/¯‡ÌÒ˚ Ì··„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı<br />

ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚: éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ˜ËÒ· Ì··„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı<br />

ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚ Í ˜ËÒÎÛ ·Î‡„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚.<br />

odds in favor/¯‡ÌÒ˚ ·Î‡„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı<br />

ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚: éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ˜ËÒ· ·Î‡„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı<br />

ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚ Í ˜ËÒÎÛ Ì··„ÓÔappleËflÚÌ˚ı ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚.<br />

opposites/˜ËÒ· Ò ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚ÏË<br />

Á͇̇ÏË: Ñ‚‡ ˜ËÒ·, ̇ıÓ‰fl˘ËÂÒfl ̇<br />

Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚ÓÏ apple‡ÒÒÚÓflÌËË ÓÚ ÌÛÎfl ̇ ˜ËÒÎÓ‚ÓÈ<br />

ÎËÌËË; Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡˛ÚÒfl additive inverse<br />

(˜ËÒ·ÏË Ò Ó·apple‡ÚÌ˚ÏË Á͇̇ÏË).<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 94 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


order of operations/ÔÓapplefl‰ÓÍ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÈ:<br />

èapple‡‚ËÎÓ ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌËfl ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËÈ ‚<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË: Ò̇˜‡Î‡ ‚˚ÔÓÎÌfl˛ÚÒfl ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl<br />

‚ ÒÍӷ͇ı, Á‡ÚÂÏ ‚˚ÔÓÎÌfl˛ÚÒfl ‚ÓÁ‚‰ÂÌË ‚<br />

ÒÚÂÔÂ̸ Ë ËÁ‚ΘÂÌË ÍÓappleÌfl, Á‡ÚÂÏ<br />

‚˚ÔÓÎÌfl˛ÚÒfl ‚Ò ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl ÛÏÌÓÊÂÌËfl Ë<br />

‰ÂÎÂÌËfl (Ò΂‡ ̇Ôapple‡‚Ó) Ë Á‡ÚÂÏ ‚ÒÂ<br />

‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl ÒÎÓÊÂÌËfl Ë ‚˚˜ËÚ‡ÌËfl (Ò΂‡<br />

̇Ôapple‡‚Ó).<br />

ordered pair/ÛÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌ̇fl Ô‡apple‡: è‡apple‡<br />

˜ËÒÂÎ, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl ÏÓÊÂÚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸Òfl ‰Îfl<br />

̇ıÓʉÂÌËfl ÚÓ˜ÍË Ì‡ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú.<br />

origin/̇˜‡ÎÓ ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú: íӘ͇, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

ÓÒ¸ x Ë ÓÒ¸ y ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛ÚÒfl ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË<br />

ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú; (0,0).<br />

orthographic drawing/˜ÂappleÚÂÊ ‚<br />

ÓappleÚÓ„Ó̇θÌ˚ı ÔappleÓÂ͈Ëflı: óÂappleÚÂÊ<br />

Ó·˙ÂÍÚ‡ Ò ‚ˉÓÏ ÒÔÂapple‰Ë, ‚ˉÓÏ Ò·ÓÍÛ Ë<br />

‚ˉÓÏ Ò‚ÂappleıÛ.<br />

outcome (probability)/ËÒıÓ‰ (‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸):<br />

ÇÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚È appleÂÁÛÎ¸Ú‡Ú ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚÌÓ„Ó<br />

˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ‡.<br />

outlier/‚˚·appleÓÒ (appleÂÁÍÓ ÓÚÍÎÓÌfl˛˘ÂÂÒfl<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ): á̇˜ÂÌËÂ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ Á̇˜ËÚÂθÌÓ<br />

·Óθ¯Â ËÎË Á̇˜ËÚÂθÌÓ ÏÂ̸¯Â ‰appleÛ„Ëı<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ ̇·Óapple ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

output/Á̇˜ÂÌË ÙÛÌ͈ËË: á̇˜ÂÌËÂ,<br />

ÔÓÎÛ˜‡ÂÏÓ ‚ appleÂÁÛθڇÚ ÔÓ‰ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÍË<br />

‰‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ‡apple„ÛÏÂÌÚ‡ ‚ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌË ËÎË<br />

ÙÛÌÍˆË˛.<br />

overestimate/ÔÂappleÂÓˆÂÌ͇ (Á‡‚˚¯ÂÌ̇fl<br />

ÓˆÂÌ͇): éˆÂÌ͇, Ôapple‚˚¯‡˛˘‡fl ÚÓ˜Ì˚È<br />

ÓÚ‚ÂÚ.<br />

P<br />

parabola/Ô‡apple‡·Ó·: Éapple‡ÙËÍ<br />

Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÙÛÌ͈ËË.<br />

parallel lines/Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚ ÎËÌËË:<br />

çÂÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛˘ËÂÒfl ÎËÌËË Ì‡ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË.<br />

parallelogram/Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂÎÓ„apple‡ÏÏ:<br />

óÂÚ˚appleÂıÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò ‰‚ÛÏfl Ô‡apple‡ÏË ‚Á‡ËÏÌÓ<br />

Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚ı ÒÚÓappleÓÌ.<br />

Pascal’s triangle/ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ è‡Ò͇Îfl:<br />

ê‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌË ˜ËÒÂÎ ‚ ‚ˉ ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇, ‚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ Í‡Ê‰˚È applefl‰ ̇˜Ë̇ÂÚÒfl Ë<br />

Á‡Í‡Ì˜Ë‚‡ÂÚÒfl 1 Ë Í‡Ê‰Ó ËÁ ÓÒڇθÌ˚ı<br />

˜ËÒÂÎ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÒÛÏÏÓÈ ‰‚Ûı ÒÓÒ‰ÌËı<br />

˜ËÒÂΠ̇‰ ÌËÏ.<br />

pentagon/ÔflÚËÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: åÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò<br />

ÔflÚ¸˛ ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË.<br />

percent/ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ: ëÓÚ‡fl ‰ÓÎfl ͇ÍÓ„Ó-ÎË·Ó<br />

˜ËÒ·.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 45% � 45 –––<br />

100<br />

percent of change/ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËfl:<br />

äÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó, ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌÌÓ ‚ ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ‡ı,<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ÂÂ, ˜ÚÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ Û‚Â΢ËÎÓÒ¸ ËÎË<br />

ÛÏÂ̸¯ËÎÓÒ¸.<br />

percent of decrease/ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ ÛÏÂ̸¯ÂÌËfl;<br />

èappleÓˆÂÌÚ ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËfl, ÓÔËÒ˚‚‡˛˘ËÈ<br />

ÛÏÂ̸¯ÂÌË ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡.<br />

percent of increase/ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ Û‚Â΢ÂÌËfl:<br />

èappleÓˆÂÌÚ ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËfl, ÓÔËÒ˚‚‡˛˘ËÈ<br />

Û‚Â΢ÂÌË ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡.<br />

perfect square/ÔÓÎÌ˚È Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú: 䂇‰apple‡Ú<br />

ˆÂÎÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ·.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5 � 5 � 25 Ë 7 2 � 49; 25 Ë 49<br />

fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓÎÌ˚ÏË Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú‡ÏË.<br />

perimeter/ÔÂappleËÏÂÚapple: ëÛÏχ ‰ÎËÌ ‚ÒÂı<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇.<br />

permutation/ÔÂappleÂÒÚ‡Ìӂ͇: ê‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ<br />

˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚ ËÎË ÒÓ·˚ÚËÈ ‚ ÌÛÊÌÓÏ ÔÓapplefl‰ÍÂ.<br />

perpendicular bisector/ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflapple,<br />

‰ÂÎfl˘ËÈ ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ ÔÓÔÓ·Ï: èappleflχfl,<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛˘‡fl ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ ‚ Â„Ó Òapple‰ÌÂÈ ÚÓ˜ÍÂ<br />

Ë ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflapplėfl ÓÚappleÂÁÍÛ.<br />

perpendicular lines/<br />

ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflappleÌ˚ ÎËÌËË:<br />

èappleflÏ˚Â ÎËÌËË, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â ÔappleË<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒ˜ÂÌËË Ó·apple‡ÁÛ˛Ú<br />

ÔappleflÏ˚Â Û„Î˚.<br />

perspective/ÔÂappleÒÔÂÍÚË‚‡: åÂÚÓ‰Ë͇,<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ‰Îfl ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl ÚappleÂıÏÂappleÌ˚ı<br />

Ó·˙ÂÍÚÓ‚ ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÈ ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚË Ú‡ÍËÏ<br />

Ó·apple‡ÁÓÏ, ˜ÚÓ ‚ˉ̇ Ëı „ÎÛ·Ë̇ Ë apple‡ÒÒÚÓflÌËÂ<br />

‰Ó ÌËı.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 95 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


pi (�)/pi (�): éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ‰ÎËÌ˚ ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË<br />

Í ‰ÎË̠ ‰Ë‡ÏÂÚapple‡; � � 3.14 ËÎË 22<br />

–– 7 .<br />

plane/ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚ¸: èÎÓÒ͇fl ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚ¸,<br />

Ëϲ˘‡fl ·ÂÒÍÓ̘ÌÛ˛ ÔappleÓÚflÊÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸.<br />

Platonic solids/Ô·ÚÓÌÓ‚˚ Ú·: èflÚ¸<br />

Ôapple‡‚ËθÌ˚ı ÏÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍÓ‚: ÚÂÚapple‡˝‰apple, ÍÛ·,<br />

ÓÍÚ‡˝‰apple, ‰Ó‰Â͇˝‰apple Ë ËÍÓÒ‡˝‰apple.<br />

point/ÚӘ͇: íÓ˜ÌÓ ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌË ‚<br />

ÔappleÓÒÚapple‡ÌÒÚ‚Â.<br />

point-slope form/Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌË Ô͇ۘ ÔappleflÏ˚ı<br />

Ò ˆÂÌÚappleÓÏ ‚ ÚÓ˜ÍÂ: ãËÌÂÈÌÓ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ<br />

‚ˉ‡ y � y 1 � m(x � x 1 ), „‰Â m - ˝ÚÓ<br />

Û„ÎÓ‚ÓÈ ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ, ‡ (x 1 , y 1 ) ˝ÚÓ<br />

ÓÔapple‰ÂÎÂÌ̇fl ÚӘ͇ ÎËÌËË.<br />

point symmetry/ˆÂÌÚapple ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËË: îË„Ûapple‡<br />

ËÏÂÂÚ ˆÂÌÚapple ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËË, ÂÒÎË Ó̇ ÒÓ‚Ô‡‰‡ÂÚ<br />

҇χ Ò ÒÓ·ÓÈ ÔappleË ÔÓ‚ÓappleÓÚ ̇ 180° ‚ÓÍappleÛ„<br />

˝ÚÓÈ ÚÓ˜ÍË.<br />

polygon/ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: îË„Ûapple‡,<br />

Ó„apple‡Ì˘ÂÌ̇fl ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÚappleÂÏfl ËÎË ·ÓÎÂÂ<br />

ÓÚappleÂÁ͇ÏË, ÍÓÚÓapple˚ ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛ÚÒfl ÚÓθÍÓ ‚<br />

Ëı ÍÓ̘Ì˚ı ÚӘ͇ı (‚Âapple¯Ë̇ı).<br />

polyhedron/ÏÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ: íappleÂıÏÂapplėfl<br />

ÙË„Ûapple‡, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ‚ÒÂ ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚË ËÎË<br />

„apple‡ÌË fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇ÏË.<br />

polynomial/ÏÌÓ„Ó˜ÎÂÌ: Ä΄·apple‡Ë˜ÂÒÍÓÂ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÒÛÏÏÓÈ ËÎË<br />

apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓΠ˜ÎÂÌÓ‚.<br />

population/ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚ¸ (ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Ó): ÇÒfl<br />

„appleÛÔÔ‡ Ó·˙ÂÍÚÓ‚ ËÎË Îˈ, apple‡ÒÒχÚappleË‚‡ÂÏ˚ı<br />

‚ ͇˜ÂÒÚ‚Â Ó·˙ÂÍÚ‡ Ó·ÒΉӂ‡ÌËfl.<br />

positive correlation/ÔÓÎÓÊËÚÂθ̇fl<br />

ÍÓappleappleÂÎflˆËfl: Ñ‚‡ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ËϲÚ<br />

ÔÓÎÓÊËÚÂθÌÛ˛ ÍÓappleappleÂÎflˆË˛, ÂÒÎË Á̇˜ÂÌËfl<br />

Ëı ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı Û‚Â΢˂‡˛ÚÒfl ËÎË<br />

ÛÏÂ̸¯‡˛ÚÒfl ÒÓ‚ÏÂÒÚÌÓ.<br />

positive integer/ÔÓÎÓÊËÚÂθÌÓ ˆÂÎÓÂ<br />

˜ËÒÎÓ: ñÂÎÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ ·Óθ¯Â ÌÛÎfl.<br />

(G6: positive number/ÔÓÎÓÊËÚÂθÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ)<br />

power/ÒÚÂÔÂ̸: óËÒÎÓ, ÔÓÎÛ˜‡ÂÏÓÂ<br />

‚ÓÁ‚‰ÂÌËÂÏ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‚ ÔÓ͇Á‡ÚÂθ<br />

ÒÚÂÔÂÌË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 2 3 � 8, Á‰ÂÒ¸ 8 ·Û‰ÂÚ 3-È ÒÚÂÔÂ̸˛ 2.<br />

precision/ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚ¸: ìappleÓ‚Â̸ ‰ÂÚ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË<br />

ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËÈ, ÓÔapple‰ÂÎflÂÏ˚È ‚˚·ÓappleÓÏ<br />

‰ËÌˈ˚ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl.<br />

prediction/Ôapple‰Ò͇Á‡ÌË (ÔappleÓ„ÌÓÁ): óÚÓ-<br />

ÎË·Ó, ˜ÚÓ, Í‡Í Ôapple‰Ò͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl, ÏÓÊÂÚ<br />

ÔappleÓËÁÓÈÚË ‚ ·Û‰Û˘ÂÏ.<br />

prime factorization/apple‡ÁÎÓÊÂÌË ̇<br />

ÔappleÓÒÚ˚ ÒÓÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎË: óËÒÎÓ, Á‡ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓÂ<br />

‚ ‚ˉ ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌËfl ÔappleÓÒÚ˚ı<br />

ÒÓÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎÂÈ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 23 � 3<br />

prime number/ÔappleÓÒÚÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ: ñÂÎÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ<br />

·Óθ¯Â 1, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ‰ÂÎËÚÒfl ÚÓθÍÓ Ò‡ÏÓ Ì‡<br />

Ò·fl Ë Ì‡ 1.<br />

principal/ÓÒÌӂ̇fl ÒÛÏχ: èÂapple‚Ó̇˜‡Î¸Ì‡fl<br />

ÒÛÏχ, ‚ÁflÚ‡fl ‚ ‰Ó΄ ËÎË Ò˝ÍÓÌÓÏÎÂÌ̇fl.<br />

principal square root/‡appleËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÂ<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌË ÍÓappleÌfl: èÓÎÓÊËÚÂθÌÓ Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ<br />

Í‚‡‰apple‡ÚÌÓ„Ó ÍÓappleÌfl ËÁ ˜ËÒ·.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: ��25 � 5. óËÒÎÓ 5 - ˝ÚÓ<br />

‡appleËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ Á̇˜ÂÌË ÍÓappleÌfl.<br />

prism/ÔappleËÁχ: åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ, Û ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó<br />

ËϲÚÒfl ‰‚‡ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ı ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‚<br />

‚ˉ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇, ‡ ‚Ò ‰appleÛ„Ë „apple‡ÌË<br />

fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂÎÓ„apple‡ÏχÏË.<br />

probability/‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸: óËÒÎÓ ÓÚ 0 ‰Ó 1<br />

(ËÎË ÓÚ 0% ‰Ó 100%), ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÓÔËÒ˚‚‡ÂÚ,<br />

͇ÍÓ‚‡ ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸ ̇ÒÚÛÔÎÂÌËfl ÒÓ·˚ÚËfl.<br />

product/ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌËÂ: êÂÁÛθڇÚ<br />

ÛÏÌÓÊÂÌËfl ‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓΠ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

proper fraction/Ôapple‡‚Ëθ̇fl ‰appleÓ·¸: ÑappleÓ·¸,<br />

‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ ÏÂ̸¯Â Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂÎfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 3 – 4 , 1 ––<br />

12 , 7 – 8<br />

proportion/ÔappleÓÔÓappleˆËfl: ìapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ,<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛˘ÂÂ, ˜ÚÓ ‰‚‡ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËfl apple‡‚Ì˚.<br />

protractor/Úapple‡ÌÒÔÓappleÚËapple: àÌÒÚappleÛÏÂÌÚ ‰Îfl<br />

ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl Û„ÎÓ‚.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 96 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


pyramid/ÔËapple‡Ïˉ‡:<br />

åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ Ò<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍÓÏ ‚ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËË<br />

Ë ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË,<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚ ÒıÓ‰flÚÒfl ‚ Ó‰ÌÓÈ Ó·˘ÂÈ ‚Âapple¯ËÌÂ.<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/ÚÂÓappleÂχ èËÙ‡„Óapple‡:<br />

Ç ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌÓÏ ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ ͂‡‰apple‡Ú<br />

„ËÔÓÚÂÌÛÁ˚ apple‡‚ÂÌ ÒÛÏÏ ͂‡‰apple‡ÚÓ‚ ͇ÚÂÚÓ‚.<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/Í‚‡‰apple‡ÌÚ: éÒË ‡·ÒˆËÒÒ (x) Ë<br />

Óapple‰ËÌ‡Ú (y) ‰ÂÎflÚ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚ¸ ÍÓÓapple‰ËÌ‡Ú Ì‡<br />

˜ÂÚ˚apple ӷ·ÒÚË. ä‡Ê‰‡fl ӷ·ÒÚ¸<br />

̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl Í‚‡‰apple‡ÌÚÓÏ.<br />

quadratic equation/Í‚‡‰apple‡ÚÌÓ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ:<br />

ìapple‡‚ÌÂÌË ‚ˉ‡ ax 2 � bx � c � 0, „‰Â a � 0.<br />

quadratic function/Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

ÙÛÌ͈Ëfl: îÛÌ͈Ëfl ‚ˉ‡ y � ax 2 � bx � c,<br />

„‰Â a � 0.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y � �3x 2<br />

quadrilateral/˜ÂÚ˚appleÂıÛ„ÓθÌËÍ:<br />

óÂÚ˚appleÂıÒÚÓappleÓÌÌËÈ ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ.<br />

quarterly/ÂÊÂÍ‚‡appleڇθÌÓ: óÂÚ˚apple apple‡Á‡ ‚<br />

„Ó‰.<br />

quartile/Í‚‡appleÚËθ: íappleË Á̇˜ÂÌËfl, Ó‰ÌÓ ËÁ<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ωˇÌÌ˚Ï (Òapple‰ÌËÏ),<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚ ‰ÂÎflÚ Ì‡·Óapple ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı ̇ ˜ÂÚ‚ÂappleÚË.<br />

ëÏ. Ú‡ÍÊ first quartile (ÔÂapple‚‡fl Í‚‡appleÚËθ),<br />

third quartile (ÚappleÂÚ¸fl Í‚‡appleÚËθ).<br />

quotient/˜‡ÒÚÌÓÂ: êÂÁÛÎ¸Ú‡Ú ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl<br />

Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ· ̇ ‰appleÛ„ÓÂ.<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/ÁÌ‡Í apple‡‰Ë͇·: áÌ‡Í � � ,<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏ˚È ‰Îfl ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl<br />

ÔÓÎÓÊËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó Á̇˜ÂÌËfl Í‚‡‰apple‡ÚÌÓ„Ó<br />

ÍÓappleÌfl.<br />

radius/apple‡‰ËÛÒ: éÚappleÂÁÓÍ<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÈ, Ó‰ËÌ ÍÓ̈ ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó<br />

apple‡ÒÔÓ·„‡ÂÚÒfl ‚ ˆÂÌÚappleÂ<br />

ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË, ‡ ‰appleÛ„ÓÈ ÍÓ̈<br />

̇ ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË, ËÎË ‰ÎË̇<br />

˝ÚÓ„Ó ÓÚappleÂÁ͇.<br />

random numbers/ÒÎÛ˜‡ÈÌ˚ ˜ËÒ·: Ç<br />

̇·Óapple ÒÎÛ˜‡ÈÌ˚ı ˜ËÒÂΠ͇ʉÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ<br />

ËÏÂÂÚ apple‡‚Ì˚È ¯‡ÌÒ ·˚Ú¸ ‚˚·apple‡ÌÌ˚Ï.<br />

random sample/ÒÎÛ˜‡È̇fl ‚˚·Óapple͇:<br />

Ç˚·Óapple͇, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ Í‡Ê‰˚È<br />

Ë̉˂ˉۇθÌ˚È ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚ ËÎË Ó·˙ÂÍÚ<br />

ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË ËÏÂÂÚ apple‡‚Ì˚È ¯‡ÌÒ ·˚Ú¸<br />

‚˚·apple‡ÌÌ˚Ï.<br />

range (in statistics)/apple‡Áχı (‚ ÒÚ‡ÚËÒÚËÍÂ):<br />

ê‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ì‡Ë·Óθ¯ËÏ Ë Ì‡ËÏÂ̸¯ËÏ<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌËflÏË ‚Â΢ËÌ ËÁ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

range (in a function)/‰Ë‡Ô‡ÁÓÌ (‚<br />

ÙÛÌ͈ËË): é·Î‡ÒÚ¸ ‚ÒÂı ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ÙÛÌ͈ËË.<br />

rate/ÛappleÓ‚Â̸: éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ, ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛˘ÂÂ<br />

‰‚‡ ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡, ËÁÏÂappleflÂÏ˚ı ‚ apple‡Á΢Ì˚ı<br />

‰ËÌˈ‡ı.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: é„apple‡Ì˘ÂÌË ÒÍÓappleÓÒÚË 55 ÏËθ ‚<br />

˜‡Ò ËÎË 55 ÏËθ/˜‡Ò.<br />

rate of interest/ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ̇fl ÒÚ‡‚͇:<br />

èappleÓˆÂÌÚ˚, ‚˚Ô·˜Ë‚‡ÂÏ˚ ËÎË ÔÓÎÛ˜‡ÂÏ˚Â<br />

Ò ÒÛÏÏ˚ ‰ÂÌ„; ÒÏ. simple interest (ÔappleÓÒÚ˚Â<br />

ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ˚).<br />

ratio/ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ: ëÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌË ‰‚Ûı<br />

ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚ ÔappleË ÔÓÏÓ˘Ë ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 12 Í 25, 12:25, 12 ––<br />

25<br />

rational number/apple‡ˆËÓ̇θÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ:<br />

ã˛·Ó ˜ËÒÎÓ, ÍÓÚÓappleÓ ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌÓ Í‡Í ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ‰‚Ûı ˆÂÎ˚ı ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒÎÓ 6 ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌÓ Í‡Í<br />

6–<br />

1 ; ˜ËÒÎÓ 0.5 Í‡Í 1 –<br />

2 .<br />

ray/ÎÛ˜: ó‡ÒÚ¸ ÔappleflÏÓÈ ÎËÌËË, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl<br />

̇˜Ë̇ÂÚÒfl ‚ Ó‰ÌÓÈ ÚÓ˜ÍÂ Ë ÔappleÓÒÚËapple‡ÂÚÒfl ‚<br />

·ÂÒÍÓ̘ÌÓÒÚ¸.<br />

real number/‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ:<br />

ꇈËÓ̇θÌÓ ËÎË Ëappleapple‡ˆËÓ̇θÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ.<br />

reciprocal/Ó·apple‡ÚÌÓ Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ: é‰ÌÓ ËÁ<br />

‰‚Ûı ˜ËÒÂÎ, ÔappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı apple‡‚ÌÓ 1;<br />

Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl multiplicative inverse<br />

(Ó·apple‡Ú̇fl ‚Â΢Ë̇).<br />

èappleËÏeapple: Ó·apple‡Ú̇fl ‚Â΢Ë̇ 2 – 3 ˝ÚÓ 3 – 2 .<br />

é·apple‡Ú̇fl ‚Â΢Ë̇ n ˝ÚÓ 1 – n .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 97 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


ectangle/ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: è‡apple‡ÎÎÂÎÓ„apple‡ÏÏ<br />

Ò ˜ÂÚ˚apple¸Ïfl ÔappleflÏ˚ÏË Û„Î‡ÏË.<br />

rectangular prism/<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÛ„Óθ̇fl ÔappleËÁχ:<br />

åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ,<br />

ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËflÏË ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó<br />

fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍË, ‡ ‰appleÛ„ËÏË<br />

„apple‡ÌflÏË fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂÎÓ„apple‡ÏÏ˚.<br />

reduction/ÒÓÍapple‡˘ÂÌËÂ: ìÏÂ̸¯ÂÌË ‚ÒÂı<br />

apple‡ÁÏÂappleÓ‚ ‚Ó ‚ÒÂı ̇Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌËflı.<br />

reflection/ÓÚapple‡ÊÂÌËÂ: èappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂ<br />

ÙË„Ûapple˚, ÔÂappleÂÏ¢‡˛˘Â Â ̇ ‰appleÛ„Û˛<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌÛ ÎËÌËË.<br />

regular pyramid/Ôapple‡‚Ëθ̇fl ÔËapple‡Ïˉ‡:<br />

èËapple‡Ïˉ‡, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl<br />

Ôapple‡‚ËθÌ˚È ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ë ‚Ò ·ÓÍÓ‚˚Â<br />

„apple‡ÌË ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚.<br />

regular polygon/Ôapple‡‚ËθÌ˚È<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: åÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË Ë Û„Î‡ÏË.<br />

regular tessellation/Ôapple‡‚Ëθ̇fl ÏÓÁ‡Ë͇:<br />

åÓÁ‡Ë͇, Ó·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡Ì̇fl Ôapple‡‚ËθÌ˚ÏË<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌË͇ÏË.<br />

relatively prime/‚Á‡ËÏÌÓ ÔappleÓÒÚÓÂ: Ñ‚‡<br />

˜ËÒ· fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ‚Á‡ËÏÌÓ ÔappleÓÒÚ˚ÏË, ÂÒÎË Ëı<br />

̇˷Óθ¯ËÈ Ó·˘ËÈ ‰ÂÎËÚÂθ (çéÑ) apple‡‚ÂÌ 1.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 7 Ë 15 fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ‚Á‡ËÏÌÓ ÔappleÓÒÚ˚ÏË.<br />

repeating decimal/ÔÂappleËӉ˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

‰ÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ‰appleÓ·¸: ÑÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ‰appleÓ·¸, ‚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ Ó‰Ì‡ ËÎË ·ÓΠˆËÙapple ÔÓ‚ÚÓapplefl˛ÚÒfl<br />

·ÂÒÍÓ̘ÌÓ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 0.757575… � 0.75 ���<br />

rhombus/appleÓÏ·: è‡apple‡ÎÎÂÎÓ„apple‡ÏÏ, Û<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó ‚Ò ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚.<br />

right angle/ÔappleflÏÓÈ Û„ÓÎ: ì„ÓÎ, ÍÓÚÓapple˚È<br />

ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ 90°.<br />

right cylinder/ÔappleflÏÓÈ ˆËÎË̉apple: ñËÎË̉apple, ‚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚ÏË ÍappleÛ„‡ÏË,<br />

ÔÂappleÔẨËÍÛÎflappleÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓappleÓÌ ˆËÎË̉apple‡.<br />

right cone/Ôapple‡‚ËθÌ˚È ÍÓÌÛÒ: äÓÌÛÒ, ‚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ Ôappleflχfl, Ôappleӂ‰ÂÌ̇fl ÓÚ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl<br />

Í Â„Ó ÍÓÌˆÛ (‚Âapple¯ËÌÂ), ÔappleÓıÓ‰ËÚ ˜ÂappleÂÁ ˆÂÌÚapple<br />

ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl.<br />

right triangle/ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌ˚È ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ:<br />

íappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ ËÏÂÂÚÒfl ÔappleflÏÓÈ<br />

Û„ÓÎ.<br />

rise/ÔÓ‰˙ÂÏ: àÁÏÂÌÂÌË ‚ ‚ÂappleÚË͇θÌÓÏ<br />

̇Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌËË, ÍÓ„‰‡ ̇ÍÎÓÌ ÎËÌËË<br />

ÔÓ‰˙ÂÏ<br />

ÓÔapple‰ÂÎflÂÚÒfl ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂÏ ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌË , ËÎË<br />

“ÔÓ‰˙ÂÏ ‚ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË ÓÚ ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌËfl”.<br />

rotation/‚apple‡˘ÂÌËÂ: èappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂ, ÔappleË<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ ÙË„Ûapple‡ ‚apple‡˘‡ÂÚÒfl ‚ÓÍappleÛ„ ÚÓ˜ÍË.<br />

rotational symmetry/ÒËÏÏÂÚappleËfl<br />

‚apple‡˘ÂÌËfl: îË„Ûapple‡ ËÏÂÂÚ ÒËÏÏÂÚapple˲<br />

‚apple‡˘ÂÌËfl, ÂÒÎË Ó̇ ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸ ÔÓ‚ÂappleÌÛÚ‡<br />

̇ Û„ÓÎ ÏÂÌ 360° ‚ÓÍappleÛ„ ˆÂÌÚapple‡Î¸ÌÓÈ<br />

ÚÓ˜ÍË Ë ÔappleË ˝ÚÓÏ ÒÓ‚Ô‡‰‡ÂÚ Ò<br />

ÔÂapple‚Ó̇˜‡Î¸ÌÓÈ ÙË„ÛappleÓÈ.<br />

rounding/ÓÍappleÛ„ÎÂÌËÂ: á‡ÏÂ̇ ˜ËÒ·<br />

˜ËÒÎÓÏ, ÓÍappleÛ„ÎÂÌÌ˚Ï ‚ Á‡‰‡ÌÌÓÈ ÒÚÂÔÂÌË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: óËÒÎÓ 2,354, ÓÍappleÛ„ÎÂÌÌÓÂ ‰Ó<br />

·ÎËʇȯÂÈ Ú˚Òfl˜Ë, ·Û‰ÂÚ 2,000, ‡<br />

ÚÓ Ê ˜ËÒÎÓ 2,354, ÓÍappleÛ„ÎÂÌÌÓ ‰Ó<br />

·ÎËʇȯËı 100, ·Û‰ÂÚ 2,400.<br />

run/ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌËÂ: àÁÏÂÌÂÌË ‚<br />

„ÓappleËÁÓÌڇθÌÓÏ Ì‡Ôapple‡‚ÎÂÌËË, ÍÓ„‰‡ ̇ÍÎÓÌ<br />

ÎËÌËË ÓÔapple‰ÂÎflÂÚÒfl ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂÏ<br />

ÔÓ‰˙ÂÏ<br />

ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌË , ËÎË“ÔÓ‰˙ÂÏ ‚ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË ÓÚ<br />

ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌËfl”.<br />

S<br />

sales tax/̇ÎÓ„ Ò ÔappleÓ‰‡Ê: èappleÓˆÂÌÚ<br />

ÒÚÓËÏÓÒÚË ËÁ‰ÂÎËfl, ÍÓÚÓapple˚È ‚ÁËχÂÚÒfl<br />

Ôapple‡‚ËÚÂθÒÚ‚ÓÏ ‰Îfl Ò·Óapple‡ ‰ÂÌ„.<br />

sample/‚˚·Óapple͇: ó‡ÒÚ¸ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË.<br />

sample space/ÔappleÓÒÚapple‡ÌÒÚ‚Ó ‚˚·ÓappleÓÍ: ÇÒÂ<br />

‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ ËÒıÓ‰˚ ˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ‡.<br />

scale/χүڇ·: éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl<br />

̇·Óapple‡ÏË appleÂÁÛθڇÚÓ‚ ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËÈ.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 98 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


scale drawing/˜ÂappleÚÂÊ, ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌÌ˚È ‚<br />

χүڇ·Â: óÂappleÚÂÊ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl χүڇ· ‰Îfl ÛÏÂ̸¯ÂÌËfl ËÎË<br />

Û‚Â΢ÂÌËfl Ó·˙ÂÍÚ‡ ÔÓ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌ˲ Í Â„Ó<br />

apple‡θÌ˚Ï apple‡ÁÏÂapple‡Ï.<br />

scale factor/χүڇ·Ì˚È ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ:<br />

éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ, ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏÓ ‰Îfl Û‚Â΢ÂÌËfl<br />

ËÎË ÛÏÂ̸¯ÂÌËfl ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ı ÙË„Ûapple.<br />

scale model/χүڇ·Ì‡fl ÏÓ‰Âθ:<br />

èappleÓÔÓappleˆËÓ̇θ̇fl ÏÓ‰Âθ ÚappleÂıÏÂappleÌÓ„Ó<br />

Ó·˙ÂÍÚ‡.<br />

scalene triangle/apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚÓappleÓÌÌËÈ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: íappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ, ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó Ì ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚.<br />

scatter plot/‰Ë‡„apple‡Ïχ apple‡ÒÒÂflÌËfl:<br />

Ñˇ„apple‡Ïχ Ò ÚӘ͇ÏË, ̇ÌÂÒÂÌÌ˚ÏË ‰Îfl<br />

ÔÓ͇Á‡ ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓ„Ó ÒÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËfl ÏÂʉÛ<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl ̇·Óapple‡ÏË ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

scientific notation/˝ÍÒÔÓÌÂ̈ˇθÌÓÂ<br />

Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌË ˜ËÒÂÎ: åÂÚÓ‰Ë͇ Á‡ÔËÒË<br />

Ó˜Â̸ ·Óθ¯Ëı Ë Ó˜Â̸ χÎÂ̸ÍËı ˜ËÒÂÎ Ò<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ ÒÚÂÔÂÌÂÈ 10.<br />

second differences/‚ÚÓapple˚ apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚË:<br />

èÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸, ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Âχfl ËÁ<br />

apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚË apple‡ÁÌÓÒÚÂÈ ÏÂÊ‰Û ˜ÎÂ̇ÏË<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚË.<br />

second quartile/‚ÚÓapple‡fl Í‚‡appleÚËθ: ëapple‰ÌÂÂ<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌË ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

sector/ÒÂÍÚÓapple: é·Î‡ÒÚ¸, Á‡Íβ˜ÂÌ̇fl<br />

ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÛÏfl apple‡‰ËÛÒ‡ÏË Ë ‰Û„ÓÈ,<br />

ÒÓ‰ËÌfl˛˘ÂÈ Ëı ÍÓ̘Ì˚ ÚÓ˜ÍË.<br />

sector (data)/ÒÂÍÚÓapple (‰‡ÌÌ˚Â): ëÂÍÚÓapple<br />

ÍappleÛ„Ó‚Ó„Ó „apple‡ÙË͇, Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛˘ËÈ ˜‡ÒÚ¸<br />

̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

segment/ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ: ó‡ÒÚ¸ ÔappleflÏÓÈ ÏÂʉÛ<br />

‰‚ÛÏfl ÚӘ͇ÏË.<br />

semiregular tessellation/ÔÓÎÛÔapple‡‚Ëθ̇fl<br />

ÏÓÁ‡Ë͇: åÓÁ‡Ë͇, ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌ̇fl ËÁ ‰‚Ûı ËÎË<br />

·ÓΠÔapple‡‚ËθÌ˚ı ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍÓ‚, Û<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı ͇ʉ‡fl ‚Âapple¯Ë̇ ˉÂÌÚ˘̇.<br />

sequence/ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸:<br />

ìÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌÌ˚È ÒÔËÒÓÍ ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

set/̇·Óapple: ÉappleÛÔÔ‡ ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚.<br />

side/ÒÚÓappleÓ̇: ãËÌËfl, Ó„apple‡Ì˘˂‡˛˘‡fl<br />

„ÂÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒÍÛ˛ ÙË„ÛappleÛ; Ӊ̇ ËÁ<br />

ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚÂÈ, Ó·apple‡ÁÛ˛˘Ëı ‚ÌÂ¯Ì˛˛<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌÛ Ó·˙ÂÍÚ‡.<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/ÔÓ ‰‚ÛÏ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ‡Ï Ë<br />

Û„ÎÛ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÌËÏË: èapple‡‚ËÎÓ,<br />

ÛÒڇ̇‚ÎË‚‡˛˘ÂÂ, ˜ÚÓ ÂÒÎË ‰‚ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ Ë<br />

Û„ÓÎ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÌËÏË Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ ‰‚ÛÏ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ‡Ï Ë Û„ÎÛ ÏÂʉÛ<br />

ÌËÏË ‚ÚÓappleÓ„Ó ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇, ÚÓ Ú‡ÍËÂ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍË ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚.<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/ÔÓ ÚappleÂÏ ÒÚÓappleÓ̇Ï:<br />

èapple‡‚ËÎÓ, ÛÒڇ̇‚ÎË‚‡˛˘ÂÂ, ˜ÚÓ ÂÒÎË ÚappleË<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚ Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇ ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚<br />

ÚappleÂÏ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ‡Ï ‰appleÛ„Ó„Ó ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇, ÚÓ<br />

Ú‡ÍË ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍË ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚.<br />

(G7: Side-Side-Side Rule/Ôapple‡‚ËÎÓ “ÔÓ ÚappleÂÏ<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ϔ)<br />

significant digits/Á̇˜ËÏ˚ ˆËÙapple˚:<br />

ñËÙapple˚, ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏ˚ ‰Îfl ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËfl<br />

ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚË ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl.<br />

(G6: significant figures/Á̇˜ËÏ˚ ˆËÙapple˚ )<br />

similar/ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚È: îË„Ûapple˚, Ëϲ˘ËÂ<br />

Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚Û˛ ÙÓappleÏÛ, ÌÓ Ì ӷflÁ‡ÚÂθÌÓ<br />

Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚˚È apple‡ÁÏÂapple, fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ÏË.<br />

simple interest/ÔappleÓÒÚ˚ ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ˚:<br />

îËÍÒËappleÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ˚ Ò ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌÓÈ<br />

ÒÛÏÏ˚. éÔapple‰ÂÎfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓ ÙÓappleÏÛΠI � prt,<br />

„‰Â p - ÓÒÌӂ̇fl ÒÛÏχ, r - ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ̇fl<br />

ÒÚ‡‚͇ Ë t - ‚appleÂÏfl.<br />

simplest form/ÌÂÒÓÍapple‡ÚËχfl ÙÓappleχ<br />

‰appleÓ·Ë: ÑappleÓ·¸ ̇ıÓ‰ËÚÒfl ‚ ÌÂÒÓÍapple‡ÚËÏÓÈ<br />

ÙÓappleÏÂ, ÂÒÎË Â ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ Ë Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ ÌÂ<br />

ËÏÂ˛Ú Ó·˘Ëı ÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎÂÈ, ÍappleÓÏ 1.<br />

simplify/ÛÔappleÓÒÚËÚ¸ (ÒÓÍapple‡ÚËÚ¸): á‡ÔËÒ‡Ú¸<br />

‰appleÓ·¸ ËÎË ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌË ‚ ÌÂÒÓÍapple‡ÚËÏÓÈ<br />

(ÛÔappleÓ˘ÂÌÌÓÈ) ÙÓappleÏÂ.<br />

simulation/ÏÓ‰ÂÎËappleÓ‚‡ÌËÂ: åÓ‰Âθ<br />

˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚ‡, ˜‡ÒÚÓ Ú‡ÍÓ„Ó, ÍÓÚÓapple˚È ÚappleÛ‰ÌÓ<br />

ËÎË ÒÎ˯ÍÓÏ ‰ÓÎ„Ó Ù‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË ‚˚ÔÓÎÌËÚ¸.<br />

sine (sin)/ÒËÌÛÒ (sin): Ç ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌÓÏ<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ - ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ‰ÎËÌ˚ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚,<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÎÂʇ˘ÂÈ ÓÒÚappleÓÏÛ Û„ÎÛ, Í ‰ÎËÌÂ<br />

„ËÔÓÚÂÌÛÁ˚.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 99 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


skew lines/ÒÍapple¢˂‡˛˘ËÂÒfl ÔappleflÏ˚Â:<br />

èappleflÏ˚Â, ÎÂʇ˘Ë ‚ apple‡Á΢Ì˚ı ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı<br />

Ë Ì fl‚Îfl˛˘ËÂÒfl ÌË Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚ÏË, ÌË<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛˘ËÏËÒfl.<br />

slant height/‰ÎË̇ Ó·apple‡ÁÛ˛˘ÂÈ:<br />

ê‡ÒÒÚÓflÌË ÓÚ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËfl ÍÓÌÛÒ‡ ‰Ó „Ó<br />

‚Âapple¯ËÌ˚, ËÁÏÂappleÂÌÌÓ ‚‰Óθ ·ÓÍÓ‚ÓÈ<br />

ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚË.<br />

slope/Û„ÎÓ‚ÓÈ ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ: åÂapple‡<br />

̇ÍÎÓ̇ ÎËÌËË Ì‡ „apple‡ÙËÍÂ; ˜‡ÒÚÌÓ ÓÚ<br />

‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÔÓ‰˙Âχ ̇ ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌËÂ.<br />

slope-intercept form/Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌË ÔappleflÏÓÈ Ò<br />

Û„ÎÓ‚˚Ï ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚÓÏ: ãËÌÂÈÌÓÂ<br />

Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÂ, Á‡ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓ ‚ ÙÓappleÏ y � mx � b,<br />

„‰Â m - ˝ÚÓ Û„ÎÓ‚ÓÈ ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ, ‡<br />

b - ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ, ÓÚÒÂ͇ÂÏ˚È Ì‡ ÓÒË y.<br />

solid figure/ÔappleÓÒÚapple‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌ̇fl ÙË„Ûapple‡:<br />

íappleÂıÏÂapplėfl ÙË„Ûapple‡.<br />

solution of an equation/apple¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl: ÇÂ΢Ë̇ ËÎË ‚Â΢ËÌ˚,<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚ ‰Â·˛Ú Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌË ËÒÚËÌÌ˚Ï.<br />

solution of an inequality/apple¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡: ÇÂ΢Ë̇ ËÎË ‚Â΢ËÌ˚,<br />

ÍÓÚÓapple˚ ‰Â·˛Ú ÌÂapple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó ËÒÚËÌÌ˚Ï.<br />

solution of a system of equations/apple¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ: 燷Óapple ˜ËÒÂÎ, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â<br />

‰Â·˛Ú ‚Ò Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ ËÒÚËÌÌ˚ÏË.<br />

solution set/ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Ó apple¯ÂÌËÈ:<br />

åÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Ó apple¯ÂÌËÈ, ÍÓÚÓapple˚ ‰Â·˛Ú<br />

ÛÚ‚ÂappleʉÂÌË ËÒÚËÌÌ˚Ï.<br />

solve/apple¯‡Ú¸: ç‡ıÓ‰ËÚ¸ ÓÚ‚ÂÚ ËÎË apple¯ÂÌËÂ.<br />

space figure/Ó·˙ÂÏ̇fl ÙË„Ûapple‡: íappleÂıÏÂapplėfl<br />

ÙË„Ûapple‡.<br />

sphere/ÒÙÂapple‡: íappleÂıÏÂapplėfl ÙË„Ûapple‡, ‚ÒÂ<br />

ÚÓ˜ÍË ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ Ì‡ıÓ‰flÚÒfl ̇ Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚ÓÏ<br />

apple‡ÒÒÚÓflÌËË ÓÚ ˆÂÌÚapple‡.<br />

square (geometry)/Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú („ÂÓÏÂÚappleËfl):<br />

èappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ Ò ˜ÂÚ˚apple¸Ïfl ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË<br />

ÒÚÓappleÓ̇ÏË.<br />

square (numeration)/Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú<br />

(‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl): óËÒÎÓ, ‚ÓÁ‚‰ÂÌÌÓ ‚Ó<br />

‚ÚÓappleÛ˛ ÒÚÂÔÂ̸.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: Ç ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË 52 ˜ËÒÎÓ 5 ‚ÓÁ‚‰ÂÌÓ<br />

‚ Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú.<br />

square number/Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú ˜ËÒ·:<br />

èappleÓËÁ‚‰ÂÌË ˜ËÒ· ̇ Ò‡ÏÓ„Ó Ò·fl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 25 - ˝ÚÓ Í‚‡‰apple‡Ú ˜ËÒ·.<br />

5 � 5 � 25<br />

square root/Í‚‡‰apple‡ÚÌ˚È ÍÓappleÂ̸: é‰ËÌ ËÁ<br />

‰‚Ûı apple‡‚Ì˚ı ÒÓÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎÂÈ ˜ËÒ·.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 16 � 4 � 4, ËÎË 16 ��4 ��4, ÚÓ<br />

ÂÒÚ¸ 4 Ë �4 fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

Í‚‡‰apple‡ÚÌ˚ÏË ÍÓappleÌflÏË ËÁ 16.<br />

standard form (in numeration)/<br />

Òڇ̉‡appleÚ̇fl ÙÓappleχ (‚ ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËflı):<br />

óËÒÎÓ, Á‡ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓÂ Ò ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ ˆËÙapple.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: èflÚ¸ Ú˚Òfl˜ ‰‚ÂÒÚË ‰ÂÒflÚ¸ ‚<br />

Òڇ̉‡appleÚÌÓÈ ÙÓappleÏ ·Û‰ÂÚ ËÏÂÚ¸<br />

‚ˉ 5,210.<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/‰Ë‡„apple‡Ïχ<br />

ÒËÏÏÂÚapple˘ÌÓ„Ó apple‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı:<br />

Éapple‡ÙËÍ, ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏ˚È ‰Îfl Óapple„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËË Ë<br />

Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı Ú‡ÍËÏ Ó·apple‡ÁÓÏ,<br />

˜ÚÓ·˚ ÏÓÊÌÓ ·˚ÎÓ ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ Ëı ˜‡ÒÚÓÚÛ.<br />

straight angle/apple‡Á‚ÂappleÌÛÚ˚È Û„ÓÎ: ì„ÓÎ,<br />

ÒÓÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛˘ËÈ 180°.<br />

stratified sample/apple‡ÒÒÎÓÂÌ̇fl ‚˚·Óapple͇:<br />

Ç˚·Óapple͇ ËÁ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

ËÏÂÂÚÒfl ‰ÂÎÂÌË ̇ ÔÓ‰„appleÛÔÔ˚.<br />

subset/˜‡ÒÚ¸ ̇·Óapple‡ (ÔӉӷ·ÒÚ¸): ó‡ÒÚ¸<br />

̇·Óapple‡ (ÔӉӷ·ÒÚ¸), ‚ıÓ‰fl˘‡fl ‚ ÒÓÒÚ‡‚<br />

‰appleÛ„Ó„Ó Ì‡·Óapple‡ (‰appleÛ„ÓÈ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË).<br />

substitute/Á‡ÏÂ̇: Ç ‡Î„·apple‡Ë˜ÂÒÍÓÏ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË Á‡ÏÂ̇ ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌÓÈ ˜ËÒÎÓÏ ËÎË<br />

‰appleÛ„ËÏ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂÏ.<br />

Subtraction Property of Equality/Ò‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó<br />

‡‰‰ËÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË apple‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡ (ÔÓ ‚˚˜ËÚ‡Ì˲):<br />

ë‚ÓÈÒÚ‚Ó, ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÍÓÚÓapple˚Ï ÔappleË<br />

‚˚˜ËÚ‡ÌËË Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó Ë ÚÓ„Ó Ê ˜ËÒ· ËÁ Ó·ÂËı<br />

˜‡ÒÚÂÈ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËfl, ÌÓ‚Ó Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌË ·Û‰ÂÚ<br />

ËÏÂÚ¸ ÚÓ Ê apple¯ÂÌËÂ.<br />

sum/ÒÛÏχ: êÂÁÛÎ¸Ú‡Ú ÒÎÓÊÂÌËfl ‰‚Ûı Ë<br />

·ÓΠ˜ËÒÂÎ.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 100 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


supplementary angles/‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚Â<br />

Û„Î˚: Ñ‚‡ ۄ·, ÒÛÏχ ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ<br />

180°.<br />

surface area/ÔÎÓ˘‡‰¸ ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚË: ëÛÏχ<br />

ÔÎÓ˘‡‰ÂÈ „apple‡ÌÂÈ ËÎË ÔÓ‚ÂappleıÌÓÒÚÂÈ<br />

ÚappleÂıÏÂappleÌÓÈ ÙË„Ûapple˚.<br />

system of equations/ÒËÒÚÂχ Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ:<br />

ëËÒÚÂχ ‰‚Ûı ËÎË ·ÓΠÛapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ,<br />

ÒÓ‰Âappleʇ˘Ëı ‰‚ ËÎË ·ÓΠÔÂappleÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı.<br />

system of linear equations/ÒËÒÚÂχ<br />

ÎËÌÂÈÌ˚ı Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ: Ñ‚‡ ËÎË ·ÓÎÂÂ<br />

ÎËÌÂÈÌ˚ı Ûapple‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ, ÔÓÒÚappleÓÂÌÌ˚ı ‚ Ó‰ÌÓÈ Ë<br />

ÚÓÈ Ê ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú.<br />

systematic sample/ÒËÒÚÂχÚ˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

‚˚·Óapple͇: Ç˚·Óapple͇ ËÁ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË,<br />

҉·Ì̇fl ÔÓ Ó·apple‡ÁˆÛ.<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/ڇ̄ÂÌÒ (tg): Ç<br />

ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌÓÏ ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ - ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ<br />

‰ÎËÌ˚ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚, ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌÓÈ ÓÒÚappleÓÏÛ<br />

Û„ÎÛ, Í ‰ÎËÌ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚, ÔappleËÎÂʇ˘ÂÈ Í<br />

ÓÒÚappleÓÏÛ Û„ÎÛ.<br />

tangent (to a circle)/͇҇ÚÂθ̇fl (Í<br />

ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË): èappleflχfl, ͇҇˛˘‡flÒfl<br />

ÓÍappleÛÊÌÓÒÚË ÚÓθÍÓ ‚ Ó‰ÌÓÈ ÚÓ˜ÍÂ.<br />

term (in an expression)/˜ÎÂÌ (‚<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËË): ó‡ÒÚË ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËfl, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â<br />

ÒÍ·‰˚‚‡˛ÚÒfl ËÎË ‚˚˜ËÚ‡˛ÚÒfl.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5x2 - ˝ÚÓ Ó‰ÌÓ˜ÎÂÌÌÓ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ,<br />

�10 - ˝ÚÓ Ó‰ÌÓ˜ÎÂÌÌÓ ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ<br />

Ë x � 1 ˝ÚÓ ‰‚Ûı˜ÎÂÌÌÓÂ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ.<br />

term (in a sequence)/˜ÎÂÌ (‚<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚË): ùÎÂÏÂÌÚ ËÎË ˜ËÒÎÓ<br />

ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚË.<br />

terminating decimal/ÍÓ̘̇fl ‰ÂÒflÚ˘̇fl<br />

‰appleÓ·¸: ÑÂÒflÚ˘̇fl ‰appleÓ·¸, ÒÓÒÚÓfl˘‡fl ËÁ<br />

ÍÓ̘ÌÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ· ˆËÙapple.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 6.75<br />

tessellation/ÏÓÁ‡Ë͇: ìÁÓapple ËÁ<br />

ÔÓ‚ÚÓapplefl˛˘ËıÒfl ÔÎÓÒÍËı ÙË„Ûapple, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â<br />

ÔÓÎÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ÔÓÍapple˚‚‡˛Ú ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚ¸ ·ÂÁ<br />

Á‡ÁÓappleÓ‚ ËÎË ÔÂappleÂÍapple˚ÚËÈ.<br />

tetrahedron/ÚÂÚapple‡˝‰apple: åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ,<br />

Ëϲ˘ËÈ ˜ÂÚ˚apple „apple‡ÌË.<br />

theoretical probability/ÚÂÓappleÂÚ˘ÂÒ͇fl<br />

‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚ¸: éÚÌÓ¯ÂÌË ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡<br />

ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚ apple‡‚ÌÓ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌ˚ı ÒÓ·˚ÚËÈ Í Ó·˘ÂÏÛ<br />

ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Û ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı ËÒıÓ‰Ó‚.<br />

third quartile/ÚappleÂÚ¸fl Í‚‡appleÚËθ: ëapple‰ÌÂÂ<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌË ‚ÂappleıÌÂÈ ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ˚ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı;<br />

Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl upper quartile (‚ÂappleıÌflfl<br />

Í‚‡appleÚËθ).<br />

tip/˜‡Â‚˚Â: ëÛÏχ ‰ÂÌ„ Á‡ ÛÒÎÛ„Ë,<br />

‰Ó·‡‚ÎflÂχfl Í Ò˜ÂÚÛ; Ó·˚˜ÌÓ ‚ ‚ˉÂ<br />

ÔappleÓˆÂÌÚ‡ ÓÚ ÒÛÏÏ˚ Ò˜ÂÚ‡.<br />

transformation/ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂ:<br />

àÁÏÂÌÂÌË apple‡ÁÏÂapple‡ ËÎË ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl ÙË„Ûapple˚.<br />

translation/Ò‰‚Ë„: Ñ‚ËÊÂÌË (ÒÍÓθÊÂÌËÂ)<br />

ÙË„Ûapple˚ ‚‰Óθ ÔappleflÏÓÈ ÎËÌËË.<br />

transversal/ÒÂÍÛ˘‡fl: èappleflχfl,<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛˘‡fl ‰‚ ËÎË ·ÓΠÔappleflÏ˚ı.<br />

trapezoid/Úapple‡ÔˆËfl: óÂÚ˚appleÂıÛ„ÓθÌËÍ, ‚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ ËÏÂÂÚÒfl Î˯¸ Ӊ̇ Ô‡apple‡<br />

Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚ı ÒÚÓappleÓÌ.<br />

tree diagram/‰apple‚ӂˉ̇fl ÒıÂχ (‰Âapple‚Ó):<br />

ëıÂχ Ò ÓÚ‚ÂÚ‚ÎÂÌËflÏË, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡˛Ú ‚Ò ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ ÍÓÏ·Ë̇ˆËË<br />

ËÎË ËÒıÓ‰˚ ÒÓ·˚ÚËfl.<br />

trial/ËÒÔ˚Ú‡ÌËÂ: Ç ÚÂÓappleËË ‚ÂappleÓflÚÌÓÒÚÂÈ -<br />

‰ËÌ˘ÌÓ ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌË ËÎË Ì‡·Î˛‰ÂÌË ‚<br />

˝ÍÒÔÂappleËÏÂÌÚÂ.<br />

triangle/ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ: íappleÂıÒÚÓappleÓÌÌËÈ<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ.<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/ÚÂÓappleÂχ Ó ÒÛÏÏÂ<br />

Û„ÎÓ‚ ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇: íÂÓappleÂχ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

‰Ó͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl, ˜ÚÓ ÒÛÏχ Û„ÎÓ‚<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇ apple‡‚̇ 180°.<br />

triangular prism/<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„Óθ̇fl ÔappleËÁχ:<br />

åÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍ, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËflÏË<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓ„Ó fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍË, ‡ ‰appleÛ„ËÂ<br />

„apple‡ÌË - Ô‡apple‡ÎÎÂÎÓ„apple‡ÏχÏË.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 101 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


trigonometric ratios/ÚappleË„ÓÌÓÏÂÚapple˘ÂÒÍËÂ<br />

ÙÛÌ͈ËË: îÛÌ͈ËË, ÓÔapple‰ÂÎflÂÏ˚Â<br />

ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂÏ ‰ÎËÌ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ ÔappleflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌÓ„Ó<br />

ÚappleÂÛ„ÓθÌË͇; ¯ËappleÓÍÓ apple‡ÒÔappleÓÒÚapple‡ÌÂÌÌ˚ÏË<br />

ÙÛÌ͈ËflÏË fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ڇ̄ÂÌÒ, ÒËÌÛÒ Ë<br />

ÍÓÒËÌÛÒ.<br />

U<br />

unbiased sample/ÌÂÒÏ¢ÂÌ̇fl ‚˚·Óapple͇:<br />

Ç˚·Óapple͇ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÌÂÒÏ¢ÂÌÌÓÈ, ÂÒÎË<br />

͇ʉ˚È ÓÚ‰ÂθÌ˚È ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚË<br />

ËÏÂÂÚ apple‡‚Ì˚È ¯‡ÌÒ ·˚Ú¸ ‚˚·apple‡ÌÌ˚Ï.<br />

underestimate/̉ÓÓˆÂÌ͇ (Á‡ÌËÊÂÌ̇fl<br />

ÓˆÂÌ͇): éˆÂÌ͇, ÍÓÚÓapple‡fl ÌËÊÂ, ˜ÂÏ<br />

ÚÓ˜Ì˚È ÓÚ‚ÂÚ.<br />

union/Ó·˙‰ËÌÂÌËÂ: ëÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓÒÚ¸ ‚ÒÂı<br />

˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚, ÔappleË̇‰ÎÂʇ˘Ëı ‰‚ÛÏ ËÎË ·ÓÎÂÂ<br />

ӷ·ÒÚflÏ (̇·Óapple‡Ï).<br />

unit conversion/ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌË ‰ËÌˈ:<br />

èappleÓˆÂÒÒ ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl Ó‰ÌÓÈ Â‰ËÌˈ˚<br />

ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl ‚ ‰appleÛ„Û˛.<br />

unit conversion factor/ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ<br />

ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‰ËÌˈ: ÑappleÓ·¸,<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ‚ ÔappleÂÓ·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËË Â‰ËÌˈ, ‚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ˜ËÒÎËÚÂθ Ë Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂθ<br />

Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛Ú Ó‰ÌÓ Ë ÚÓ Ê ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó, ÌÓ<br />

‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌÌÓ ‚ apple‡Á΢Ì˚ı ‰ËÌˈ‡ı<br />

ËÁÏÂappleÂÌËfl.<br />

60 ÏËÌ<br />

èappleËÏeapple:<br />

1<br />

ËÎË<br />

˜‡Ò<br />

1 ˜‡Ò<br />

60 ÏËÌ<br />

unit price/ˆÂ̇ Á‡ ‰ËÌˈÛ: ñÂ̇ Á‡<br />

‰ËÌˈÛ, ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ‰Îfl ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl<br />

ˆÂÌ.<br />

unit rate/ÓˆÂÌ͇ ‚ apple‡Ò˜ÂÚ ̇ ‰ËÌˈÛ:<br />

éˆÂÌ͇, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ‚ÚÓappleÓ ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚<br />

ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËË Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ Â‰ËÌˈÛ.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 10 ÒÏ ‚ ÏËÌÛÚÛ.<br />

unlike fractions/‰appleÓ·Ë, Ì fl‚Îfl˛˘ËÂÒfl<br />

ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ÏË: ÑappleÓ·Ë Ò apple‡Á΢Ì˚ÏË<br />

Á̇ÏÂ̇ÚÂÎflÏË.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 3 –<br />

4 Ë 1 –<br />

2 ÌÂ fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ÏË<br />

‰appleÓ·flÏË.<br />

upper extreme/‚ÂappleıÌËÈ ˝ÍÒÚappleÂÏÛÏ:<br />

ç‡Ë·Óθ¯Â ˜ËÒÎÓ ‚ ̇·Óapple ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

upper quartile/‚ÂappleıÌflfl Í‚‡appleÚËθ: ëapple‰ÌÂÂ<br />

Á̇˜ÂÌË ‚ÂappleıÌÂÈ ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ˚ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı;<br />

Ú‡ÍÊ ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒfl third quartile (ÚappleÂÚ¸fl<br />

Í‚‡appleÚËθ).<br />

V<br />

vanishing point/ÚӘ͇ ÒıÓ‰‡: Ç<br />

ÔÂappleÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÏ ËÁÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËË - ÚӘ͇, ‚<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ ÒıÓ‰flÚÒfl ÎËÌËË, ÛıÓ‰fl˘Ë ÓÚ<br />

̇·Î˛‰‡ÚÂÎfl.<br />

variability/ËÁÏÂ̘˂ÓÒÚ¸: ê‡Á·appleÓÒ Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ<br />

ËÁ ̇·Óapple‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı.<br />

variable/ÔÂappleÂÏÂÌ̇fl: é·ÓÁ̇˜ÂÌËÂ,<br />

ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏÓ ‰Îfl ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡,<br />

ÍÓÚÓappleÓÂ ÏÓÊÂÚ ÏÂÌflÚ¸Òfl.<br />

Venn diagram/‰Ë‡„apple‡Ïχ ÇÂÌ̇:<br />

Ñˇ„apple‡Ïχ, ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ‰Îfl ÓÚÓ·apple‡ÊÂÌËfl<br />

ÒÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËfl ÏÂÊ‰Û Ó·Î‡ÒÚflÏË.<br />

verbal expression/flÁ˚ÍÓ‚Ó ‚˚apple‡ÊÂÌËÂ:<br />

ëÎÓ‚Ó ËÎË Ùapple‡Á‡.<br />

vertex/‚Âapple¯Ë̇: Ç Û„Î ËÎË<br />

ÏÌÓ„ÓÛ„ÓθÌËÍ - ÚӘ͇, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ<br />

ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛ÚÒfl ‰‚ ÒÚÓappleÓÌ˚; ‚ ÏÌÓ„Ó„apple‡ÌÌËÍÂ<br />

- ÔÂappleÂÒ˜ÂÌË ÚappleÂı ËÎË ·ÓΠ„apple‡ÌÂÈ; ‚<br />

ÍÓÌÛÒ ËÎË ÔËapple‡Ïˉ - ̇˂˚Ò¯‡fl ÚӘ͇.<br />

vertical angles/<br />

‚ÂappleÚË͇θÌ˚ ۄÎ˚: a<br />

b<br />

c<br />

è‡apple‡ ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÎÂʇ˘Ëı<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ı Û„ÎÓ‚,<br />

d<br />

Ó·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ı ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇˛˘ËÏËÒfl ÔappleflÏ˚ÏË;<br />

̇ ‰Ë‡„apple‡ÏÏ �a Ë �c fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË Ë �b Ë �d fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl<br />

ÍÓÌ„appleÛ˝ÌÚÌ˚ÏË.<br />

volume/Ó·˙ÂÏ: óËÒÎÓ Í۷˘ÂÒÍËı ‰ËÌˈ,<br />

ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ˚ı ‰Îfl Á‡ÔÓÎÌÂÌËfl<br />

ÓÔapple‰ÂÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÔappleÓÒÚapple‡ÌÒÚ‚‡.<br />

W<br />

withholding tax/ÔÓ‰ÓıÓ‰Ì˚È Ì‡ÎÓ„ Û<br />

ËÒÚÓ˜ÌË͇: ç‡ÎÓ„, ‚ÁËχÂÏ˚È ËÁ<br />

Á‡apple‡·ÓÚÌÓÈ Ô·Ú˚ Í‡Í ‡‚‡ÌÒÓ‚˚È Ô·ÚÂÊ<br />

ÔÓ‰ÓıÓ‰ÌÓ„Ó Ì‡ÎÓ„‡.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 102 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


X<br />

x-axis/ÓÒ¸ ‡·ÒˆËÒÒ (ÓÒ¸ x): ÉÓappleËÁÓÌڇθ̇fl<br />

ÓÒ¸ ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú.<br />

x-coordinate/‡·ÒˆËÒÒ‡ (ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇ڇ ÔÓ<br />

ÓÒË x): èÂapple‚Ó ˜ËÒÎÓ ‚ ÛÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌÌÓÈ Ô‡appleÂ;<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ apple‡ÒÒÚÓflÌË ‰Îfl ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌËfl<br />

‚Ôapple‡‚Ó ËÎË ‚ÎÂ‚Ó ÓÚ Ì‡˜‡Î‡ ÍÓÓapple‰ËÌ‡Ú (0,0).<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 5 - ˝ÚÓ ‡·ÒˆËÒÒ‡ (ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇ڇ x) ‚<br />

ԇapple (5,3).<br />

x-intercept/ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ Ì‡ ÓÒË x: Ä·ÒˆËÒÒ‡<br />

ÚÓ˜ÍË, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ „apple‡ÙËÍ ÎËÌËË ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇ÂÚ<br />

ÓÒ¸ ‡·ÒˆËÒÒ (ÓÒ¸ x).<br />

Y<br />

y-axis/ÓÒ¸ Óapple‰ËÌ‡Ú (ÓÒ¸ y): ÇÂappleÚË͇θ̇fl<br />

ÓÒ¸ ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇Ú.<br />

y-coordinate/Óapple‰Ë̇ڇ (ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇ڇ ÔÓ<br />

ÓÒË y): ÇÚÓappleÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ ‚ ÛÔÓapplefl‰Ó˜ÂÌÌÓÈ Ô‡appleÂ;<br />

ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ apple‡ÒÒÚÓflÌË ‰Îfl ÔÂappleÂÏ¢ÂÌËfl<br />

‚‚Âappleı ËÎË ‚ÌËÁ ÓÚ Ì‡˜‡Î‡ ÍÓÓapple‰ËÌ‡Ú (0,0).<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 3 - ˝ÚÓ Óapple‰Ë̇ڇ (ÍÓÓapple‰Ë̇ڇ y) ‚<br />

ԇapple (5,3).<br />

y-intercept/ÓÚappleÂÁÓÍ Ì‡ ÓÒË y: éapple‰Ë̇ڇ<br />

ÚÓ˜ÍË, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÈ „apple‡ÙËÍ ÎËÌËË ÔÂappleÂÒÂ͇ÂÚ<br />

ÓÒ¸ Óapple‰ËÌ‡Ú (ÓÒ¸ y).<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/ÌÛ΂‡fl Ô‡apple‡: óËÒÎÓ Ë<br />

ÔappleÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌÓ ÂÏÛ ÔÓ Á̇ÍÛ ˜ËÒÎÓ,<br />

ÒÛÏχ ÍÓÚÓapple˚ı apple‡‚̇ 0.<br />

èappleËÏeapple: 18 Ë –18<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 103 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


A<br />

absolute value/valor absoluto: La distancia<br />

en la recta numérica de un número al cero.<br />

El símbolo de valor absoluto es ��.<br />

Ejemplo: � �5 � � 5<br />

accuracy/exactitud: El grado de aproximación<br />

de una medida o valor dado a la medida<br />

o valor real.<br />

acute angle/ángulo agudo: Ángulo que mide<br />

menos de 90°.<br />

acute triangle/triángulo acutángulo:<br />

Triángulo cuyos ángulos miden menos de 90°.<br />

addend/sumando: Número que se suma a<br />

otros números para formar una suma. Por<br />

ejemplo, en la expresión 4 � 6 � 7, los<br />

números 4, 6 y 7 son sumandos.<br />

Addition Property of Equality/propiedad de<br />

igualdad de la suma: Propiedad que dice que<br />

si se suma el mismo número a ambos lados<br />

de una ecuación, la nueva ecuación tendrá la<br />

misma solución.<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/propiedad<br />

de opuestos en la suma: Propiedad que dice<br />

que la suma de un número y su opuesto es<br />

igual a cero.<br />

Ejemplo: 12 � (�12) � 0<br />

additive inverse/inverso aditivo: El opuesto<br />

de un número.<br />

Ejemplo: El inverso aditivo de 6 es �6.<br />

adjacent angles/ángulos<br />

adyacentes: Ángulos en el<br />

b<br />

mismo plano que tienen un a<br />

vértice en común y un lado<br />

en común.<br />

algebraic expression/expresión algebraica:<br />

Expresión que contiene por lo menos una<br />

variable.<br />

Ejemplos: x � 8; 4(m � b)<br />

algebraic inequality/desigualdad algebraica:<br />

Desigualdad que contiene por lo menos una<br />

variable.<br />

Ejemplos: x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/<br />

ángulos exteriores<br />

alternos: Par de ángulos<br />

a b<br />

formados por una<br />

transversal y dos líneas;<br />

c d<br />

en el diagrama, los pares de ángulos<br />

exteriores alternos son �a y �d y �b y �c.<br />

alternate interior angles/<br />

ángulos interiores<br />

r s<br />

alternos: Par de ángulos<br />

formados por una<br />

transversal y dos líneas;<br />

t v<br />

en el diagrama, los pares de ángulos<br />

interiores alternos son �r y �v y �s y �t.<br />

altitude/altura: Distancia perpendicular del<br />

vértice de un polígono a la base opuesta<br />

(o línea que contiene esa base).<br />

angle/ángulo: Figura formada por dos líneas<br />

rectas que se cortan en un extremo común<br />

llamado vértice.<br />

angle bisector/bisectriz:<br />

N<br />

Línea, segmento o rayo que<br />

P<br />

O<br />

divide un ángulo en dos<br />

ángulos congruentes.<br />

M<br />

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)/regla de<br />

congruencia ángulo-lado-ángulo (A.L.A.):<br />

Establece que si dos de los ángulos y el lado<br />

que los conecta de un triángulo son<br />

congruentes con los de otro triángulo,<br />

entonces los triángulos son congruentes.<br />

arc/arco: Porción de un círculo que se<br />

localiza entre dos puntos extremos.<br />

area/área: Número de unidades cuadradas<br />

necesarias para cubrir una superficie dada.<br />

arithmetic sequence/sucesión aritmética:<br />

Lista ordenada de números en la que la<br />

diferencia entre cualquier par de términos<br />

consecutivos es siempre la misma.<br />

Associative Property/propiedad asociativa<br />

Suma: Propiedad que establece que para<br />

todos los números reales a, b y c, la suma es<br />

siempre la misma, sin importar la forma en<br />

que se agrupan los sumandos:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 105 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Multiplicación: Propiedad que establece que<br />

para todos los números reales a, b y c,el<br />

producto es siempre el mismo, sin importar<br />

el orden en que se agrupan los factores:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

asymmetry/asimetría: Los dos lados<br />

formados por una línea central son<br />

desiguales; sin simetría.<br />

average/promedio: La suma de un conjunto<br />

de datos dividida entre el número de datos<br />

que contiene el conjunto; también se llama<br />

mean (media).<br />

average deviation/desviación promedio:<br />

Distancia promedio entre cada valor de un<br />

conjunto de datos y la media.<br />

axes/ejes: Las dos líneas perpendiculares que<br />

se cruzan en el origen en un plano cartesiano.<br />

B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/tabla<br />

arborescente doble: Tabla arborescente que<br />

compara dos conjuntos de datos, uno a la<br />

izquierda del tallo y el otro a la derecha.<br />

bar graph/gráfica de barras: Gráfica que<br />

muestra datos mediante barras verticales u<br />

horizontales.<br />

base-10 system/sistema en base 10: Sistema<br />

numérico en el que todos los números se<br />

expresan con los dígitos 0 a 9.<br />

base (in numeration)/base (en la<br />

numeración): Cuando un número se eleva a<br />

una potencia, el número que se usa como<br />

factor es la base.<br />

Ejemplo: 3 5 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/base (de un polígono o figura<br />

tridimensional): Lado de un polígono; cara<br />

de una figura tridimensional mediante la cual<br />

se mide o clasifica la figura.<br />

Bases del<br />

cilindro<br />

Bases del<br />

prisma<br />

Base del<br />

cono<br />

Base de<br />

la pirámide<br />

biased sample/muestra sesgada: Muestra que<br />

no representa la población de forma precisa.<br />

binary number system/sistema numérico<br />

binario: Sistema numérico en el que todos los<br />

números se representan sólo mediante dos<br />

dígitos: 0 y 1.<br />

binomial/binomio: Un polinomio de dos<br />

términos.<br />

Ejemplos: 10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/bisecar: Dividir una figura en dos<br />

partes congruentes.<br />

boundary line/línea de limíte: Conjunto de<br />

puntos donde los dos lados de una desigualdad<br />

lineal de dos variables son iguales.<br />

box-and-whisker plot/gráfica de mediana y<br />

rango: También conocida como gráfica de caja<br />

y bigotes, muestra el cuartil superior e inferior<br />

como dos “bigotes”, los dos cuartiles del centro<br />

como los lados de una “caja” y la mediana<br />

como una línea vertical que pasa por la caja.<br />

break (graph)/discontinuidad (de gráfica):<br />

Línea zigzag en la escala horizontal o vertical<br />

de una gráfica que indica que se han omitido<br />

algunos números en la escala.<br />

C<br />

capacity/capacidad: Cantidad que puede<br />

contener un recipiente cuando se llena.<br />

Celsius/Celsius: Escala métrica para medir<br />

temperatura en la que 0°C es la temperatura<br />

de congelación del agua y 100°C es la<br />

temperatura de ebullición; también se conoce<br />

como centigrade (escala centígrada).<br />

center (of a circle)/centro (de un círculo):<br />

Punto dentro de un círculo que es equidistante<br />

a todos los puntos de la circunferencia.<br />

center (of dilation)/centro (de dilatación):<br />

Punto de intersección de las líneas que parten<br />

de cada uno de ángulos de una dilatación.<br />

center (of rotation)/centro (de rotación):<br />

Punto sobre el que se gira una figura.<br />

central angle/ángulo central: Ángulo cuyo<br />

vértice está en el centro de un círculo.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 106 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


certain (probability)/seguro (probabilidad):<br />

Que es seguro que suceda; que tiene una<br />

probabilidad de 1.<br />

chord/cuerda: Segmento de recta cuyos<br />

extremos están incluidos en un círculo.<br />

circle/círculo: Conjunto de<br />

todos los puntos que están a la<br />

misma distancia de un punto<br />

dado llamado centro.<br />

circle graph/gráfica circular: Gráfica que usa<br />

sectores de un círculo para comparar las<br />

partes entre sí y con el todo.<br />

circumference/circunferencia: Distancia<br />

alrededor de un círculo.<br />

clockwise/en el sentido<br />

de las manecillas del reloj:<br />

Movimiento circular a la<br />

derecha en la dirección indicada.<br />

clustering/aproximación: Método para<br />

estimar una suma cuando todos los<br />

sumandos se aproximan al mismo valor.<br />

Ejemplo: 27, 29, 24 y 26 se aproximan a 25.<br />

coefficient/coeficiente: Número que<br />

multiplica a la variable en una expresión<br />

algebraica.<br />

Ejemplo: 5 es el coeficiente en 5b.<br />

combination/combinación: Agrupación de<br />

elementos o sucesos en la que el orden no<br />

importa.<br />

commission/comisión: Cantidad que se paga<br />

a una persona por realizar una venta.<br />

commission rate/tasa de comisión: Cantidad<br />

que se paga a una persona por hacer una<br />

venta; se expresa como un porcentaje del<br />

precio de la venta.<br />

common denominator/denominador común:<br />

Denominador que es igual en dos o más<br />

fracciones.<br />

Ejemplo: el denominador común de 5 –<br />

8 y 2 C<br />

–<br />

8 es 8.<br />

common difference/diferencia común: La<br />

diferencia entre dos términos sucesivos en<br />

una sucesión aritmética.<br />

common factor/factor común: Número que<br />

es factor de dos o más números.<br />

Ejemplo: 8 es un factor de 16 y 40.<br />

common multiple/múltiplo común: Número<br />

que es múltiplo de dos o más números.<br />

Ejemplo: 15 es múltiplo común de 3 y 5.<br />

common ratio/razón común: La razón por la<br />

que se multiplica cada término para producir<br />

el siguiente de una sucesión geométrica.<br />

Commutative Property/propiedad<br />

conmutativa<br />

Suma: Propiedad que establece que dos o más<br />

números pueden sumarse en cualquier orden<br />

sin que se altere la suma.<br />

Ejemplos: 8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

Multiplicación: Propiedad que establece que<br />

dos o más números pueden multiplicarse en<br />

cualquier orden sin que se altere el producto.<br />

Ejemplos: 6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a<br />

compatible numbers/números compatibles:<br />

Números que se aproximan a los números<br />

dados y que facilitan una estimación o cálculo<br />

mental.<br />

compensation/compensación: Cuando en un<br />

problema un número se aproxima a otro que<br />

facilita el cálculo, se utiliza este número para<br />

encontrar la solución, y luego se ajusta el<br />

resultado sumándole o restándole la cantidad<br />

adecuada.<br />

complementary angles/ángulos complementarios:<br />

Dos ángulos cuyas medidas suman 90°.<br />

composite number/número compuesto:<br />

Número mayor que 1 que tiene más de dos<br />

factores enteros.<br />

compound event/suceso compuesto: Suceso<br />

formado por dos o más sucesos simples.<br />

compound inequality/desigualdad<br />

compuesta: Combinación de más de una<br />

desigualdad.<br />

Ejemplo: x � �2 ó x � 10, ó �2 � x � 10.<br />

x es mayor o igual que �2 y menor<br />

que 10.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 107 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


compound interest/interés compuesto:<br />

Interés pagado sobre el capital y el interés<br />

generado anteriormente.<br />

concave polygon/polígono cóncavo: Polígono<br />

que posee, por lo menos, un ángulo interior<br />

mayor que 180°.<br />

cone/cono: Figura tridimensional con un<br />

vértice y una base circular.<br />

congruent /congruente: Que tiene el mismo<br />

tamaño y forma.<br />

congruent angles/ángulos congruentes:<br />

Ángulos que tienen la misma medida.<br />

congruent segments/segmentos congruentes:<br />

Segmentos que tienen la misma longitud.<br />

constant/constante: Valor que no cambia.<br />

constant of proportionality/constante de<br />

proporcionalidad: Razón constante de dos<br />

variables relacionadas proporcionalmente.<br />

Ejemplo: 5 � k, 10 � 2k y 15 � 3k<br />

convenience sample/muestra rápida:<br />

Muestrear los individuos más accesibles de<br />

una población para obtener resultados<br />

rápidos.<br />

conversion factor/factor de conversión:<br />

Fracción cuyo numerador y denominador<br />

representan la misma cantidad pero en<br />

unidades diferentes; la fracción es igual a 1<br />

porque el numerador y el denominador son<br />

iguales.<br />

24 horas<br />

Ejemplo: y<br />

1 día<br />

1 día<br />

24 horas<br />

convex polygon/polígono convexo: Polígono<br />

cuyos ángulos interiores miden 180° ó menos.<br />

coordinate plane (coordinate grid)/plano<br />

cartesiano: Plano formado por la intersección<br />

de una recta numérica horizontal llamada eje<br />

de las x y una recta numérica vertical llamada<br />

eje de las y.<br />

Cuadrante<br />

II<br />

Cuadrante<br />

III<br />

coordinate/coordenada: Uno de los números<br />

del par ordenado que representa un punto en<br />

la gráfica de coordenadas.<br />

correlation/correlación: Descripción de la<br />

relación entre dos conjuntos de datos.<br />

correspondence/correspondencia: Relación<br />

que existe entre dos o más objetos.<br />

corresponding angles<br />

(for lines)/ángulos<br />

correspondientes<br />

(para líneas): Par de<br />

ángulos formados por<br />

eje de las y<br />

Cuadrante<br />

I<br />

Cuadrante<br />

IV<br />

eje de las x<br />

q r<br />

s t<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

una transversal y dos líneas; en el diagrama,<br />

los pares de ángulos correspondientes son<br />

�m y �q, �n y �r, �o y �s,y �p y �t.<br />

corresponding angles (in polygons)/ángulos<br />

correspondientes (en polígonos): ángulos<br />

semejantes en dos o más polígonos.<br />

corresponding sides/lados correspondientes:<br />

Lados semejantes de dos o más polígonos.<br />

cosine (cos)/coseno (cos): En un triángulo<br />

rectángulo, la razón de la longitud del lado<br />

adyacente a un ángulo agudo a la longitud de<br />

la hipotenusa.<br />

counterclockwise/en el<br />

sentido contrario a las<br />

manecillas del reloj:<br />

Movimiento circular a<br />

la izquierda en la dirección<br />

indicada.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 108 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


counterexample/contraejemplo: Ejemplo<br />

que muestra que un enunciado es falso.<br />

cross product/producto cruzado: El<br />

producto de números en diagonal cuando se<br />

comparan dos razones.<br />

Ejemplo: 2 –<br />

3 � 4 – 2<br />

6 3 � � 6 4 � � 12<br />

12<br />

cube (geometric figure)/<br />

cubo (figura geométrica):<br />

Prisma rectangular con seis<br />

caras cuadradas congruentes.<br />

cube (in numeration)/cubo (en la<br />

numeración): Número elevado a la tercera<br />

potencia.<br />

cumulative frequency/frecuencia<br />

acumulativa: La suma de elementos sucesivos<br />

en una tabla de frequencias.<br />

customary system of measurement/sistema<br />

imperial de medidas: Sistema de unidades de<br />

medida que se utiliza en los Estados Unidos.<br />

Ejemplo: pulgadas, pies, millas, onzas,<br />

toneladas, tazas, cuartos, galones<br />

cylinder/cilindro: Figura<br />

tridimensional con dos bases<br />

circulares que son congruentes y<br />

paralelas y que están conectadas<br />

por una superfice lateral curva.<br />

D<br />

decagon/decágono: Polígono con diez lados.<br />

decimal system/sistema decimal: Sistema<br />

numérico de valores posicionales en base 10.<br />

deductive reasoning/razonamiento<br />

deductivo: Uso de la lógica para demostrar<br />

que un enunciado es verdadero.<br />

degree/grado: Unidad de medida para<br />

ángulos o temperatura.<br />

denominator/denominador: El número de la<br />

parte inferior de una fracción; indica cuántas<br />

partes iguales hay en el entero.<br />

Ejemplo: 3 –<br />

4 denominador<br />

Density property of real numbers/<br />

propiedad de densidad de los números<br />

reales: Propiedad que establece que entre dos<br />

números reales cualesquiera hay siempre otro<br />

número real.<br />

dependent events/sucesos dependientes:<br />

Sucesos en los que el resultado del primer<br />

suceso afecta el resultado del segundo.<br />

diagonal/diagonal: Segmento de recta que<br />

conecta dos vértices no adyacentes de un<br />

polígono.<br />

diameter/diámetro: Segmento de recta que<br />

pasa por el centro de un círculo y tiene sus<br />

extremos en la circunferencia, o la longitud<br />

de ese segmento.<br />

difference/diferencia: Resultado de una resta.<br />

dilation/dilatación: Transformación que<br />

aumenta o reduce una figura.<br />

dimension/dimensión: La longitud, el ancho<br />

o la altura de una figura.<br />

direct variation/variación directa: Relación<br />

entre dos variables en la que los datos<br />

aumentan o disminuyen a la vez siguiendo<br />

una razón constante.<br />

discount/descuento: Cantidad en la que se<br />

reduce el precio original.<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/propiedad distributiva de la<br />

multiplicación sobre la suma: Propiedad que<br />

establece que si se multiplica una suma por<br />

un número, se obtiene el mismo resultado que<br />

si se multiplica cada sumando por dicho<br />

número y luego se suman los productos.<br />

Ejemplo: 5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) � (5 � 1)<br />

dividend/dividendo: El número que se divide<br />

en un problema de división.<br />

Ejemplo: En 8 � 4 � 2, 8 es el dividendo.<br />

divisible/divisible: Que se puede dividir por<br />

un número sin dejar residuo.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 109 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Division Property of Equality/propiedad de<br />

igualdad de la división: Propiedad que<br />

establece que si se dividen ambos lados de<br />

una ecuación por un mismo número distinto<br />

de cero, la nueva ecuación tiene la misma<br />

solución.<br />

divisor/divisor: El número por el que se<br />

divide en un problema de división.<br />

Ejemplo: En 8 � 4 � 2, 4 es el divisor.<br />

dodecahedron/dodecaedro: Poliedro con<br />

doce caras.<br />

domain/dominio: El conjunto de todos los<br />

valores de la variable independiente de una<br />

función.<br />

double-bar graph/gráfica de doble barra:<br />

Gráfica de barras que compara dos conjuntos<br />

de datos que estan relacionados.<br />

double-line graph/gráfica de doble línea:<br />

Gráfica que muestra cómo dos conjuntos<br />

relacionados de datos cambian a lo largo del<br />

tiempo.<br />

E<br />

edge/arista: Segmento<br />

de recta a lo largo del<br />

Aristas<br />

cual se intersecan dos<br />

caras de un poliedro.<br />

elements/elementos: Las palabras, números<br />

u objetos de un conjunto.<br />

empirical probability/probabilidad<br />

empírica: Ver experimental probability<br />

(probabilidad experimental).<br />

empty set/conjunto vacío: Conjunto que no<br />

tiene elementos.<br />

endpoint/extremo: Punto al final de un<br />

segmento de línea o rayo.<br />

enlargement/agrandamiento: Aumento del<br />

tamaño de todas las dimensiones en la misma<br />

proporción.<br />

equally likely outcomes/resultados<br />

igualmente probables: Resultados con la<br />

misma probabilidad de ocurrir.<br />

equation/ecuación: Enunciado matemático<br />

que demuestra que dos expresiones son<br />

equivalentes.<br />

equilateral triangle/triángulo equilátero:<br />

Triángulo con tres lados congruentes.<br />

equivalent/equivalente: Que tiene el mismo<br />

valor.<br />

equivalent fractions/fracciones equivalentes:<br />

Fracciones que denominan la misma cantidad<br />

o parte.<br />

equivalent ratios/razones equivalentes:<br />

Razones que denominan la misma<br />

comparación.<br />

estimate/estimación: Solución que se<br />

aproxima a la respuesta exacta y a la que se<br />

llega mediante redondeo, aproximación,<br />

redondeo por partes, números compatibles u<br />

otro método.<br />

evaluate/evaluar: Hallar el valor de una<br />

expresión numérica o algebraica.<br />

even number/numero par: Número entero<br />

divisible entre dos.<br />

event/suceso: Resultado o conjunto de<br />

resultados de un experimento o situación.<br />

expanded form/forma desarrollada: Número<br />

escrito como la suma de los valores de sus<br />

dígitos.<br />

Ejemplo: 236,536 escrito en forma<br />

desarrollada es 200,000 � 30,000 �<br />

6,000 � 500 � 30 � 6.<br />

experiment (probability)/experimento<br />

(probabilidad): En probabilidad, cualquier<br />

actividad basada en el azar (como lanzar una<br />

moneda al aire).<br />

experimental probability/probabilidad<br />

experimental: La relación entre el número de<br />

veces que ocurre un suceso y el número total<br />

de pruebas o veces que se repite un<br />

experimento.<br />

exponent/exponente: Número que indica<br />

cuántas veces se usa la base como factor.<br />

Ejemplo: 2 3 � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; 3 es el exponente.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 110 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


exponential decay/disminución exponencial:<br />

Ocurre en una función exponencial cuando<br />

el valor de la función f(x) disminuye al<br />

aumentar el valor de la variable x.<br />

exponential form/forma exponencial:<br />

Un número está en forma exponencial<br />

cuando está escrito con una base y un<br />

exponente.<br />

Ejemplo: 4 2 es la forma exponencial de 4 � 4.<br />

exponential function/función exponencial:<br />

Función no lineal en la que la variable está en<br />

el exponente.<br />

exponential growth/crecimiento<br />

exponencial: Ocurre en una función<br />

exponencial cuando el valor de la función<br />

f(x) aumenta al aumentar el valor de la<br />

variable x.<br />

expression/expresión: Enunciado matemático<br />

que contiene operaciones, números y/o<br />

variables.<br />

extrapolation/extrapolación: Estimación o<br />

predicción de valores desconocidos basada en<br />

valores conocidos.<br />

face/cara: Superficie plana de un poliedro.<br />

F<br />

factor/factor: Número que se multiplica por<br />

otro para obtener un producto.<br />

factor tree/árbol de factores: Diagrama que<br />

muestra cómo un número entero se<br />

descompone en sus factores primos.<br />

factorial/factorial: El producto de todos los<br />

números naturales, a excepción del cero, que<br />

son iguales o menores que un número dado.<br />

Ejemplo: factorial 4 � 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1<br />

0! se define como 1.<br />

Fahrenheit/Fahrenheit: Escala de temperatura<br />

en la que 32° es el punto de congelación<br />

del agua y 212° es su punto de ebullición.<br />

fair/justo: Cuando todos los resultados de un<br />

experimento tienen la misma probabilidad, se<br />

dice que el experimento es justo.<br />

fair games/juegos justos: Juegos en los que<br />

todos los participantes tienen la misma<br />

posibilidad de ganar.<br />

favorable outcome/resultado favorable:<br />

Resultado que se busca al realizar un<br />

experimento.<br />

Fibonacci sequence/sucesión de Fibonacci:<br />

La sucesión infinita de números (1, 1, 2, 3,<br />

5, 8, 13,…); a partir del tercer término, cada<br />

número es la suma de los dos anteriores;<br />

recibe su nombre en honor de Leonardo<br />

Fibonacci, matemático del siglo XIII.<br />

first differences/primeras diferencias:<br />

Secuencia formada al restar cada término de<br />

una secuencia del siguiente término.<br />

first quartile/primer cuartil: La mediana de la<br />

mitad inferior de un conjunto de datos, también<br />

llamado lower quartile (cuartil inferior).<br />

formula/fórmula: Regla que muestra las<br />

relaciones entre cantidades.<br />

Ejemplo: A � lw<br />

fractal/fractal: Estructura con patrones<br />

repetidos que contiene formas geométricas<br />

semejantes al total pero de tamaños variables.<br />

fraction/fracción: Un número expresado en<br />

la forma a –<br />

b ,donde b � 0.<br />

frequency table/tabla de frecuencias: Tabla<br />

que muestra los elementos según el número<br />

de veces, o frecuencia, en que ocurren.<br />

front-end estimation/estimación por partes:<br />

Método de estimación que es útil para sumar<br />

decimales. Se suman las primeras cifras de los<br />

sumandos (la parte entera) y después se<br />

redondean las segundas cifras (la parte<br />

decimal) y se suman al total para obtener una<br />

estimación más precisa.<br />

function/función: Relación entre los valores<br />

de entrada y de salida que tiene exactamente<br />

un valor de salida para cada valor de entrada.<br />

function notation/notación de funciones:<br />

Notación que se usa para describir una<br />

función.<br />

Ejemplo: y � 3x 2 f(x) � 3x 2 ; f(x) se lee<br />

“f de x.”<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 111 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


function table/tabla de una función: Tabla de<br />

pares ordenados que representan soluciones<br />

de una función.<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle/principio<br />

fundamental de conteo: Si un suceso tiene m<br />

resultados posibles y un segundo suceso tiene<br />

n resultados posibles después de que ocurre el<br />

primer suceso, entonces existen m � n<br />

resultados posibles para los dos sucesos.<br />

G<br />

geometric probability/probabilidad<br />

geométrica: Probabilidad basada en la<br />

comparación de las medidas de figuras<br />

geométricas.<br />

geometric sequence/sucesión geométrica:<br />

Lista ordenada de números en la que hay una<br />

razón común entre términos consecutivos.<br />

Golden Ratio/razón áurea: Proporción de<br />

aproximadamente 1.618. En un rectángulo<br />

con razón áurea, la relación entre la longitud<br />

y la altura es de aproximadamente 1.618.<br />

graph of an equation/gráfica de una<br />

ecuación: Gráfica del conjunto de pares<br />

ordenados que son soluciones de la ecuación.<br />

great circle/círculo mayor: Círculo trazado en<br />

una esfera de modo que el plano que contiene<br />

al círculo pasa por el centro de la esfera.<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/máximo<br />

común divisor (MCD): El número mayor que<br />

es factor común de dos o más números dados.<br />

H<br />

height/altura<br />

En una pirámide o cono, la distancia<br />

perpendicular de la base al vértice opuesto.<br />

En un triángulo o cuadrilátero, la distancia<br />

perpendicular de la base al vértice o lado<br />

opuesto.<br />

En un prisma o cilindro, la distancia<br />

perpendicular entre las bases.<br />

hemisphere/hemisferio: La mitad de una<br />

esfera.<br />

heptagon/heptágono: Polígono de siete lados.<br />

hexagon/hexágono: Polígono de seis lados.<br />

histogram/histograma: Gráfica de barras que<br />

muestra la frecuencia de los datos en<br />

intervalos iguales.<br />

horizon line/línea del horizonte: Línea<br />

horizontal que representa el nivel de la vista<br />

de un observador.<br />

hypotenuse/hipotenusa: En un triángulo<br />

rectángulo, el lado opuesto al ángulo recto.<br />

I<br />

icosahedron/icosaedro: Poliedro de 20 caras.<br />

Identity Property of One/propiedad de<br />

identidad del uno: Propiedad que establece<br />

que el producto de 1 y cualquier número es<br />

igual a ese número.<br />

Identity Property of Zero/propiedad de<br />

identidad del cero: Propiedad que establece<br />

que la suma de cero y cualquier número es<br />

igual a ese número.<br />

if-then statement/enunciado de la forma<br />

“si p,entonces q”: Enunciado lógico que usa<br />

si y entonces para mostrar una relación entre<br />

dos condiciones.<br />

Ejemplo: Si todos los lados de un polígono<br />

tienen la misma longitud y todos los<br />

ángulos las mismas medidas,<br />

entonces el polígono es regular.<br />

image/imagen: Figura que resulta de una<br />

transformación.<br />

impossible (probability)/imposible<br />

(probabilidad): Que no puede suceder<br />

nunca, que tiene una probabilidad de 0.<br />

improper fraction/fracción impropia:<br />

Fracción en la que el numerador es mayor o<br />

igual al denominador.<br />

Ejemplos: 5 – 5 , 5 – 3<br />

independent events/sucesos independientes:<br />

Sucesos en los que el resultado de un suceso<br />

no afecta el de los demás.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 112 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


indirect measurement/medición indirecta:<br />

Método para encontrar una medida mediante<br />

figuras semejantes y proporciones.<br />

inductive reasoning/razonamiento inductivo:<br />

Llegar a una conclusión mediante un patrón.<br />

inequality/desigualdad: Enunciado matemático<br />

que muestra la relación entre cantidades<br />

que no son equivalentes.<br />

Ejemplos: 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

input/valor de entrada: Número que<br />

sustituye a una variable en una expresión o<br />

función.<br />

integers/enteros: Conjunto de todos los<br />

números enteros positivos, negativos y el<br />

cero.<br />

interest/interés: Cantidad de dinero cobrada<br />

por un préstamo o por el uso de dinero.<br />

interior angles/ángulos<br />

interiores: Ángulos que<br />

se encuentran entre dos<br />

líneas cortadas por una<br />

transversal. En el diagrama,<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

�c, �d, �e y �f son ángulos interiores.<br />

interquartile range/rango entre cuartiles:<br />

Diferencia entre los cuartiles superior e<br />

inferior de un conjunto de datos.<br />

intersecting lines/rectas secantes: Líneas que<br />

se intersecan en un punto exacto.<br />

intersection (sets)/intersección (conjuntos):<br />

Conjunto de elementos comunes a dos o más<br />

conjuntos.<br />

interval/intervalo: Espacio entre los valores<br />

marcados en una recta numérica o en la<br />

escala de una gráfica.<br />

inverse operations/operaciones inversas:<br />

Operaciones que se cancelan mutuamente: la<br />

suma y la resta, o la multiplicación y la<br />

división.<br />

inverse variation/variación inversa: Relación<br />

en la que una cantidad variable aumenta<br />

mientras otra cantidad variable disminuye; el<br />

producto de las variables permanece constante.<br />

irrational number/número irracional:<br />

Número que no puede ser expresado como<br />

una razón de dos enteros o como un decimal<br />

periódico o cerrado.<br />

isolate the variable/despejar la variable:<br />

Aislar una variable a un lado de la ecuación o<br />

desigualdad para resolverla.<br />

isometric drawing/representación isométrica:<br />

Representación de una figura tridimensional<br />

trazada en papel triángulado.<br />

isosceles triangle/triángulo isósceles:<br />

Triángulo que tiene, por lo menos, dos lados<br />

congruentes.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 113 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

K<br />

kite/papalote o cometa: Cuadrilátero con dos<br />

pares de lados adyacentes y congruentes.<br />

lateral face/cara lateral: En un prisma o<br />

pirámide, una cara que no es la base.<br />

lateral surface/superficie lateral: En un<br />

cilindro, la superficie curva que conecta las<br />

bases circulares; en un cono, la superficie<br />

curva que no es la base.<br />

L<br />

Superficie<br />

lateral<br />

least common denominator (LCD)/mínimo<br />

común denominador (mcd): El múltiplo<br />

común más pequeño de dos o más<br />

denominadores.<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/mínimo<br />

común múltiplo (mcm): El menor número,<br />

distinto de cero, que es múltiplo de dos o más<br />

números.<br />

legs/catetos: En un triángulo rectángulo, los<br />

lados que incluyen al ángulo recto; en un<br />

triángulo isósceles, los lados congruentes.<br />

like fractions/fracciones semejantes:<br />

Fracciones que tienen el mismo denominador.<br />

Ejemplo: 5 ––<br />

12 y 3 ––<br />

12 son fracciones semejantes.


like terms/términos semejantes: Dos o más<br />

términos que tienen la misma variable<br />

elevada a la misma potencia.<br />

Ejemplo: En la expresión 3a � 5b � 12a,<br />

3a y 12a son términos semejantes.<br />

line/línea: Recta que se extiende infinitamente<br />

en direcciones opuestas.<br />

line graph/gráfica lineal: Gráfica que usa<br />

segmentos de rectas para mostrar cómo<br />

cambian los datos.<br />

line of best fit/línea del mejor ajuste: La línea<br />

que más se acerca a todos los puntos en un<br />

diagrama de dispersión.<br />

line plot/diagrama de acumulación: Recta<br />

numérica con marcas o puntos que muestran<br />

frecuencias.<br />

line segment/segmento de recta: Parte de<br />

una línea limitada entre dos extremos.<br />

line of reflection/línea de reflexión: Línea<br />

sobre la que se da vuelta a una figura para<br />

crear una imagen idéntica de la figura<br />

original.<br />

line of symmetry/eje de simetría: El “espejo”<br />

imaginario en la simetría axial.<br />

line symmetry/simetría axial: Una figura<br />

tiene simetría axial si una mitad es copia<br />

exacta de la otra.<br />

linear equation/ecuación lineal: Ecuación<br />

cuya solución forma una línea recta en un<br />

plano cartesiano.<br />

linear function/función lineal: Función cuya<br />

gráfica es una línea recta.<br />

linear inequality/desigualdad lineal:<br />

Enunciado matemático que usa �, �, � ó �<br />

y cuya gráfica es una región limitada por una<br />

línea recta.<br />

lower extreme/extremo inferior: El número<br />

menor en un conjunto de datos.<br />

lower quartile/cuartil inferior: La mediana<br />

de la mitad inferior en un conjunto de datos;<br />

también llamado first quartile (primer cuartil).<br />

M<br />

mean/media: La suma de un conjunto de<br />

datos dividida entre el número de datos en el<br />

conjunto; también llamada average<br />

(promedio).<br />

measure of central tendency/medida de<br />

tendencia central: Medida que describe la<br />

parte central de un conjunto de datos; la<br />

media, la mediana y la moda son medidas de<br />

tendencia central.<br />

median/mediana: El número que se halla en el<br />

centro o la media (promedio) de dos números<br />

centrales en un conjunto ordenado de datos.<br />

metric system of measurement/sistema<br />

métrico de medidas: Sistema decimal de<br />

pesos y medidas cuyo uso es muy común en<br />

las ciencias y en el mundo.<br />

Ejemplo: Los centímetros, metros, kilómetros,<br />

gramos, kilogramos, mililitros y<br />

litros son unidades de medida del<br />

sistema métrico.<br />

midpoint/punto medio: Punto que divide un<br />

segmento de recta en dos segmentos<br />

congruentes.<br />

mixed number/número mixto: Número<br />

formado por un número entero distinto de<br />

cero y una fracción.<br />

mode/moda: Número o números que ocurren<br />

con mayor frecuencia en un conjunto de datos;<br />

cuando todos los números ocurren con la<br />

misma frecuencia se dice que no hay moda.<br />

monomial/monomio: Expresión numérica o<br />

algebraica con un solo término.<br />

Ejemplos: n,5n 2 ,8,�3<br />

Multiplication Property of Equality/<br />

propiedad de igualdad de la multiplicación:<br />

Propiedad que establece que si se multiplican<br />

ambos lados de una ecuación por el mismo<br />

número, la nueva ecuación tendrá la misma<br />

solución.<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/propiedad<br />

multiplicativa del cero: Propiedad que<br />

establece que para todos los números reales a,<br />

a � 0 � 0 y 0 � a � 0.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 114 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


multiplicative inverse/inverso multiplicativo:<br />

Un número multiplicado por su inverso es<br />

igual a 1; también se denomina reciprocal<br />

(recíproco).<br />

Ejemplo: El inverso multiplicativo de 4 – 5 es 5 – 4 .<br />

multiple/múltiplo: El producto de cualquier<br />

número y un número entero es un múltiplo<br />

de ese número.<br />

mutually exclusive/mutuamente excluyentes:<br />

Dos sucesos son mutuamente excluyentes si<br />

no pueden ocurrir en la misma prueba<br />

durante un experimento.<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/correlación negativa:<br />

Dos conjuntos de datos tienen una<br />

correlación negativa si en uno de ellos los<br />

valores de los datos aumentan mientras que<br />

en el otro disminuyen.<br />

negative integer/entero negativo: Todos los<br />

enteros menores que cero.<br />

net/plantilla: Representación de varias figuras<br />

bidimensionales que pueden doblarse para<br />

formar un poliedro.<br />

no correlation/sin correlación: No hay<br />

correlación entre dos conjuntos de datos<br />

cuando no hay relación entre los valores de<br />

sus datos.<br />

nonlinear function/función no lineal:<br />

Función cuya gráfica no es una línea recta.<br />

nonterminating decimal/decimal infinito:<br />

Decimal que no termina nunca.<br />

numerator/numerador: El número de la<br />

parte superior de una fracción; representa<br />

cuántas partes del todo se consideran.<br />

Ejemplo: 4 – numerador<br />

5<br />

numerical expression/expresión numérica:<br />

Expresión que sólo contiene números y<br />

operaciones.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 115 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

O<br />

obtuse angle/ángulo obtuso: Ángulo cuya<br />

medida es mayor que 90° pero menor que 180°.<br />

obtuse triangle/triángulo obtusángulo:<br />

Triángulo que tiene un ángulo obtuso.<br />

octagon/octágono: Polígono de ocho lados.<br />

octahedron/octaedro: Poliedro de ocho caras.<br />

odd number/numero impar: Número natural<br />

que no es divisible entre dos.<br />

odds/probabilidades: Comparación de resultados<br />

favorables y resultados desfavorables.<br />

odds against/probabilidades en contra: La<br />

razón de resultados desfavorables a resultados<br />

favorables.<br />

odds in favor/probabilidades a favor:<br />

La razón de resultados favorables a resultados<br />

desfavorables.<br />

opposites/opuestos: Dos números que están<br />

a la misma distancia de cero en la recta<br />

numérica; también llamados additive inverse<br />

(inversos aditivos).<br />

order of operations/orden de las operaciones:<br />

Regla para evaluar expresiones: primero se<br />

realizan las operaciones entre paréntesis,<br />

luego las potencias y raíces, a continuación las<br />

multiplicaciones y divisiones de izquierda a<br />

derecha, y finalmente las sumas y restas de<br />

izquierda a derecha.<br />

ordered pair/par ordenado: Par de números<br />

que sirven para localizar un punto en el plano<br />

cartesiano.<br />

origin/origen: Punto en el que el eje de las x<br />

y el eje de las y se intersecan en el plano<br />

cartesiano; (0, 0).<br />

orthographic drawing/proyección ortogonal:<br />

Representación de un objeto mediante la vista<br />

frontal, lateral y superior.<br />

outcome (probability)/resultado (probabilidad):<br />

Posible resultado de un experimento<br />

de probabilidad.


outlier/valor atípico: Valor mucho mayor o<br />

mucho menor que los demás en un conjunto<br />

de datos.<br />

output/valor de salida: Valor que resulta de<br />

sustituir un valor de entrada en una<br />

expresión o función.<br />

overestimate/sobrestimación: Estimación<br />

que es mayor que el resultado exacto.<br />

P<br />

parabola/parábola: La gráfica de una función<br />

cuadrática.<br />

parallel lines/líneas paralelas: Líneas en un<br />

plano que nunca se cruzan.<br />

parallelogram/paralelogramo: Cuadrilátero<br />

con dos pares de lados paralelos.<br />

Pascal’s triangle/triángulo de Pascal: Arreglo<br />

triangular de números en el que cada fila<br />

comienza y termina con 1 y cada uno de los<br />

demás números es la suma de los dos<br />

números que tiene arriba.<br />

pentagon/pentágono: Polígono de cinco lados.<br />

percent/por ciento: Razón que compara un<br />

número con 100.<br />

Ejemplo: 45% � 45 –––<br />

100<br />

percent of change/porcentaje de cambio:<br />

Cantidad expresada como el porcentaje que<br />

un número aumenta o disminuye.<br />

percent of decrease/porcentaje de disminución:<br />

Porcentaje de cambio que describe una<br />

disminución de una cantidad.<br />

percent of increase/porcentaje de aumento:<br />

Porcentaje de cambio que describe un<br />

aumento de una cantidad.<br />

perfect square/cuadrado perfecto: Cuadrado<br />

de un número entero.<br />

Ejemplos: 5 � 5 � 25 y 7 2 � 49; 25 y 49 son<br />

cuadrados perfectos.<br />

perimeter/perímetro: Distancia alrededor de<br />

un polígono.<br />

permutation/permutación: Agrupación de<br />

elementos o eventos en la que el orden es<br />

importante.<br />

perpendicular bisector/bisectriz perpendicular:<br />

Línea que interseca a un segmento<br />

en su punto medio y que es perpendicular al<br />

segmento.<br />

perpendicular lines/rectas<br />

perpendiculares: Rectas que<br />

se intersecan para formar<br />

ángulos rectos.<br />

perspective/perspectiva:<br />

Método que sirve para dibujar objetos<br />

tridimensionales de manera que parezcan<br />

tener profundidad y distancia sobre una<br />

superficie plana.<br />

pi (�)/pi (�): La razón de la circunferencia<br />

de un círculo a la longitud de su diámetro;<br />

� � 3.14 ó 22<br />

––<br />

7 .<br />

plane/plano: Superficie plana que se extiende<br />

hasta el infinito.<br />

Platonic solids/sólidos platónicos: Los cinco<br />

poliedros regulares: tetraedro, cubo, octaedro,<br />

dodecaedro e icosaedro.<br />

point/punto: Un lugar exacto en el espacio.<br />

point-slope form/forma punto-pendiente:<br />

La ecuación de una línea en la forma<br />

y � y1 � m(x � x1 ), donde m es la pendiente<br />

y (x1 , y1 ) es un punto específico de la línea.<br />

point symmetry/simetría de punto: Una<br />

figura con simetría de punto coincide consigo<br />

misma después de una rotación de 180°.<br />

polygon/polígono: Una figura plana y<br />

cerrada formada por tres o más segmentos de<br />

recta que se intersecan sólo en sus vértices.<br />

polyhedron/poliedro: Figura tridimensional<br />

en la que todas las superficies o caras son<br />

polígonos.<br />

polynomial/polinomio: Expresión algebraica<br />

que es la suma o resta de dos o más términos.<br />

population/población: La totalidad del grupo<br />

de individuos u objetos que se consideran en<br />

un estudio.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 116 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


positive correlation/correlación positiva:<br />

Dos conjuntos de datos tienen una correlación<br />

positiva si los valores de sus datos aumentan o<br />

disminuyen al mismo tiempo.<br />

positive integer/entero positivo: Entero<br />

mayor que cero.<br />

power/potencia: Número generado al elevar<br />

una base a un exponente.<br />

Ejemplo: 2 3 � 8, así que 8 es la tercera potencia<br />

de 2.<br />

precision/precisión: Nivel de detalle en una<br />

medición; está determinada por la unidad de<br />

medida.<br />

prediction/predicción: Se dice de algo que<br />

puede ocurrir en el futuro.<br />

prime factorization/factorización prima:<br />

Número expresado como el producto de sus<br />

factores primos.<br />

Ejemplos: 10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 2 3 � 3<br />

prime number/número primo: Número<br />

entero mayor que 1 que tiene exactamente<br />

dos factores: el número mismo y el 1.<br />

principal/capital: Cantidad inicial de un<br />

préstamo o ahorro.<br />

principal square root/raíz cuadrada principal:<br />

La raíz cuadrada no negativa de un número.<br />

Ejemplo: ��25 � 5. 5 es la raíz principal.<br />

prism/prisma: Poliedro que tiene dos bases<br />

congruentes y poligonales, y otras caras que<br />

son todas paralelogramos.<br />

probability/probabilidad: Número del 0 al 1<br />

(o del 0% al 100%) que describe el porcentaje<br />

de posibilidad de que ocurra un suceso.<br />

product/producto: Resultado de la multiplicación<br />

de dos o más números.<br />

proper fraction/fracción propia: Fracción<br />

en la que el numerador es menor que el<br />

denominador.<br />

Ejemplos: 3 –<br />

4 , 1 ––<br />

12 , 7 –<br />

8<br />

proportion/proporción: Ecuación que<br />

establece que dos razones son equivalentes.<br />

protractor/transportador: Instrumento para<br />

medir ángulos.<br />

pyramid/pirámide: Poliedro<br />

con base poligonal y lados<br />

triangulares que se encuentran<br />

en un vértice común.<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/teorema de Pitágoras:<br />

En un triángulo rectángulo, el cuadrado de la<br />

hipotenusa es igual a la suma de los cuadrados<br />

de los catetos.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 117 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/cuadrante: El eje de las x y el de<br />

las y dividen el plano cartesiano en cuatro<br />

regiones. Cada región es un cuadrante.<br />

quadratic equation/ecuación cuadrática:<br />

Ecuación de la forma ax 2 � bx � c � 0,<br />

donde a � 0.<br />

quadratic function/función cuadrática:<br />

Función de la forma y � ax 2 � bx � c,<br />

donde a � 0.<br />

Ejemplos: y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y � �3x 2<br />

quadrilateral/cuadrilátero: Polígono de<br />

cuatro lados.<br />

quarterly/trimestral: Cuatro veces al año.<br />

quartile/cuartil: Tres valores, uno de los<br />

cuales es la mediana, que dividen un conjunto<br />

de datos en cuartos. Ver también first quartile<br />

(primer cuartil), third quartile( tercer cuartil).<br />

quotient/cociente: Resultado de la división de<br />

dos números.<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/símbolo de radical: El<br />

símbolo � � que se usa para representar la<br />

raíz cuadrada no negativa de un número.


adius/radio: Segmento de<br />

recta que une el centro de<br />

un círculo con cualquier<br />

punto de la circunferencia; o<br />

la longitud de ese segmento.<br />

random numbers/números aleatorios: En un<br />

conjunto de números aleatorios, cada número<br />

tiene la misma probabilidad de ser elegido.<br />

random sample/muestra aleatoria: Muestra<br />

en la que cada individuo u objeto de la población<br />

tiene la misma probabilidad de ser elegido.<br />

range (in statistics)/rango (en estadística):<br />

Diferencia entre el valor mayor y menor en<br />

un conjunto de datos.<br />

range (in a function)/recorrido o rango<br />

(en una función): El conjunto de todos los<br />

valores posibles de una función.<br />

rate/tasa: Razón que compara dos cantidades<br />

medidas en unidades diferentes.<br />

Ejemplo: El límite de velocidad es de 55 millas<br />

por hora, ó 55 mi/h.<br />

rate of interest/tasa de interés: Porcentaje que<br />

se cobra o se gana sobre una cantidad de<br />

dinero. Ver también simple interest (interés<br />

simple).<br />

ratio/razón: Comparación de dos números<br />

mediante la división.<br />

Ejemplo: 12 a 25, 12:25, 12 ––<br />

25<br />

rational number/número racional: Cualquier<br />

número que pueda expresarse como la razón<br />

de dos enteros.<br />

Ejemplos: 6 puede expresarse como 6 –<br />

1<br />

y 0.5 como 1 –<br />

2 .<br />

ray/rayo: Parte de una línea que inicia en un<br />

extremo y se extiende hasta el infinito.<br />

real number/número real: Número racional<br />

o irracional.<br />

reciprocal/recíproco: Uno de dos números<br />

cuyo producto es igual a 1; también se conoce<br />

como multiplicative inverse (inverso<br />

multiplicativo).<br />

Ejemplos: El recíproco de 2 –<br />

3 es 3 –<br />

2 . El recíproco<br />

de n es 1 n<br />

– .<br />

rectangle/rectángulo: Paralelogramo con<br />

cuatro ángulos rectos.<br />

rectangular prism/<br />

prisma rectangular:<br />

Poliedro cuyas bases son<br />

rectángulos y cuyas otras<br />

caras son paralelogramos.<br />

reduction/reducción: Disminución de<br />

tamaño en todas las dimensiones.<br />

reflection/reflexión: Transformación que<br />

consiste en voltear una figura a través de una<br />

línea.<br />

regular pyramid/pirámide regular: Pirámide<br />

cuya base es un polígono regular y cuyas caras<br />

laterales son congruentes.<br />

regular polygon/polígono regular: Polígono<br />

cuyos lados y ángulos son congruentes.<br />

regular tessellation/teselado regular:<br />

Teselado formado por polígonos regulares.<br />

relatively prime/primos relativos: Dos<br />

números son primos relativos si su máximo<br />

común divisor (MCD) es 1.<br />

Ejemplo: 7 y 15 son primos relativos.<br />

repeating decimal/decimal periódico:<br />

Un decimal en el que uno o más dígitos se<br />

repiten infinitamente.<br />

Ejemplo: 0.757575… � 0.75 ���<br />

rhombus/rombo: Paralelogramo de lados<br />

congruentes.<br />

right angle/ángulo recto: Ángulo que mide 90°.<br />

right cylinder/cilindro recto: Cilindro cuyas<br />

bases son círculos paralelos perpendiculares<br />

al lado del cilindro.<br />

right cone/cono recto: Cono en el que una<br />

línea trazada desde la base hasta la punta o<br />

vértice pasa por el centro de la base.<br />

right triangle/triángulo rectángulo:<br />

Triángulo que contiene un ángulo recto.<br />

rise/cambio vertical: Cambio de la<br />

pendiente de una línea medido en el<br />

eje de las y cuando ésta se expresa como<br />

cambio vertical<br />

.<br />

cambio horizontal<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 118 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


otation/rotación: Transformación en la que<br />

una figura se gira en torno a un punto.<br />

rotational symmetry/simetría de rotación:<br />

Una figura tiene simetría de rotación si puede<br />

girar menos de 360° alrededor de un punto<br />

central y coincidir con la figura original.<br />

rounding/redondeo: Método en el que se<br />

reemplaza un número con una estimación de<br />

ese número redondeado a un decimal<br />

determinado.<br />

Ejemplo: 2,354 redondeado al millar más<br />

cercano es 2,000 y 2,354 redondeado<br />

a la centena más cercana es 2,400.<br />

run/cambio horizontal: Cambio de la<br />

pendiente de una línea medido en el eje<br />

de las x cuando ésta se expresa como<br />

cambio vertical<br />

cambio horizontal<br />

.<br />

S<br />

sales tax/impuesto sobre la venta: Porcentaje<br />

del precio de un producto que el gobierno<br />

cobra para reunir fondos.<br />

sample/muestra: Una parte de la población.<br />

sample space/espacio muestral: Todos los<br />

resultados posibles de un experimento.<br />

scale/escala: La razón entre dos conjuntos de<br />

medidas.<br />

scale drawing/dibujo a escala: Dibujo que usa<br />

una escala para hacer un objeto más pequeño<br />

(reducción) o más grande (agrandamiento)<br />

que el objeto real.<br />

scale factor/proporción de la escala: La razón<br />

utilizada para reducir o agrandar figuras<br />

similares.<br />

scale model/modelo a escala: Modelo<br />

proporcional de un objeto tridimensional.<br />

scalene triangle/triángulo escaleno:<br />

Triángulo que no tiene lados congruentes.<br />

scatter plot/diagrama de dispersión: Gráfica<br />

de puntos que muestra la posible relación<br />

entre dos conjuntos de datos.<br />

scientific notation/notación científica:<br />

Método para escribir números muy grandes o<br />

muy pequeños mediante potencias de 10.<br />

second differences/segundas diferencias:<br />

Sucesión formada por la diferencia de la<br />

diferencia entre los términos de una sucesión.<br />

second quartile/segundo cuartil: La mediana<br />

de un conjunto de datos.<br />

sector/sector: Región delimitada por dos<br />

radios y un arco que une sus extremos.<br />

sector (data)/sector (datos): Sección de una<br />

gráfica circular que representa parte del<br />

conjunto de datos.<br />

segment/segmento: Parte de una línea entre<br />

dos extremos.<br />

semiregular tessellation/teselado semirregular:<br />

Teselado formado por dos o más<br />

polígonos regulares en los que cada vértice<br />

es idéntico.<br />

sequence/sucesión: Lista ordenada de números.<br />

set/conjunto: Grupo de elementos.<br />

side/lado: Línea que delimita a una figura<br />

geométrica; una de las caras que forman la<br />

superficie de un objeto.<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/regla de congruencia<br />

lado-ángulo-lado (L.A.L.): Regla que establece<br />

que si dos de los lados y el ángulo incluido de<br />

un triángulo son congruentes con los de otro<br />

triángulo, entonces los triángulos son<br />

congruentes.<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/regla de congruencia<br />

lado-lado-lado (L.L.L.): Regla que establece<br />

que si los tres lados de un triángulo son<br />

congruentes con los tres lados de otro,<br />

entonces los triángulos son congruentes.<br />

significant digits/dígitos significativos:<br />

Los dígitos (números) con que se expresa<br />

la precisión de una medida.<br />

similar/semejante: Las figuras que tienen la<br />

misma forma pero no necesariamente el<br />

mismo tamaño son semejantes.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 119 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


simple interest/interés simple: Porcentaje fijo<br />

del capital. Se calcula con la fórmula<br />

I � crt donde c representa el capital, r la tasa<br />

de interés (rédito) y t el tiempo.<br />

simplest form/mínima expresión: Una<br />

fracción está en su mínima expresión cuando<br />

el numerador y el denominador sólo tienen<br />

al 1 como factor común.<br />

simplify/simplificar: Escribir una fracción en<br />

su mínima expresión.<br />

simulation/simulación: Modelo de un experimento,<br />

frecuentemente de un experimento<br />

cuya realización sería demasiado complicada o<br />

llevaría demasiado tiempo.<br />

sine (sin)/seno (sen): En un triángulo<br />

rectángulo, la razón de la longitud del cateto<br />

opuesto a un ángulo agudo a la longitud de la<br />

hipotenusa.<br />

skew lines/rectas oblicuas: Rectas en planos<br />

diferentes que no son paralelas ni se cruzan.<br />

slant height/altura inclinada: Distancia de la<br />

base de un cono a su vértice, medida a lo<br />

largo de la superficie lateral.<br />

slope/pendiente: Medida de la inclinación de<br />

una recta en una gráfica; la distancia vertical<br />

dividida entre la horizontal.<br />

slope-intercept form/forma pendienteintersección:<br />

Ecuación lineal expresada en la<br />

forma y � mx � b,donde m representa la<br />

pendiente y b la intersección en el eje de las y.<br />

solid figure/figura sólida: Figura tridimensional.<br />

solution of an equation/solución de una<br />

ecuación: Valor o valores que hacen verdadera<br />

una ecuación.<br />

solution of an inequality/solución de una<br />

desigualdad: Valor o valores que hacen<br />

verdadera una desigualdad.<br />

solution of a system of equations/soluciones<br />

de un sistema de ecuaciones: Conjunto de<br />

valores que hacen verdaderas a todas las<br />

ecuaciones del sistema.<br />

solution set/conjunto solución: Conjunto de<br />

valores que hacen verdadero a un enunciado.<br />

solve/resolver: Encontrar la solución o<br />

respuesta.<br />

space figure/figura espacial: Figura<br />

tridimensional.<br />

sphere/esfera: Figura tridimensional en la que<br />

todos los puntos son equidistantes del centro.<br />

square (geometry)/cuadrado (geometría):<br />

Rectángulo con cuatro lados congruentes.<br />

square (numeration)/cuadrado (numeración):<br />

Número elevado a la segunda potencia.<br />

Ejemplo: En 5 2 ,el número 5 está al cuadrado.<br />

square number/número al cuadrado:<br />

El producto de un número por sí mismo.<br />

Ejemplo: 25 es un número al cuadrado.<br />

5 � 5 � 25<br />

square root/raíz cuadrada: Uno de los dos<br />

factores iguales de un número.<br />

Ejemplo: 16 � 4 � 4, ó 16 ��4 ��4, por lo<br />

tanto 4 y �4 son raíces cuadradas<br />

de 16.<br />

standard form (in numeration)/forma<br />

estándar (en la numeración): Número<br />

expresado con dígitos.<br />

Ejemplo: Cinco mil doscientos diez en forma<br />

estándar es 5,210.<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/tabla arborescente:<br />

Gráfica que organiza y muestra los datos de<br />

manera que se puedan comparar las<br />

frecuencias.<br />

straight angle/ángulo llano: Ángulo que<br />

mide 180°.<br />

stratified sample/muestra estratificada:<br />

Muestra de una población que ha sido<br />

dividida en subgrupos.<br />

subset/subconjunto: Conjunto que está<br />

dentro de otro conjunto.<br />

substitute/sustituir: Reemplazar una variable<br />

con un número u otra expresión en una<br />

expresión algebraica.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 120 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Subtraction Property of Equality/propiedad<br />

de igualdad de la resta: Propiedad que<br />

establece que si se resta el mismo número a<br />

ambos lados de la ecuación, la nueva<br />

ecuación tendrá la misma solución.<br />

sum/suma: Resultado que se obtiene al<br />

sumar dos o más números.<br />

supplementary angles/ángulos suplementarios:<br />

Dos ángulos cuyas medidas suman 180°.<br />

surface area/área total: La suma de las áreas<br />

de las caras, o superficies, de una figura<br />

tridimensional.<br />

system of equations/sistema de ecuaciones:<br />

Conjunto de dos o más ecuaciones que<br />

contienen dos o más variables.<br />

system of linear equations/sistema de<br />

ecuaciones lineales: Dos o más ecuaciones<br />

lineales graficadas en el mismo plano<br />

cartesiano.<br />

systematic sample/muestra sistemática:<br />

Muestra de una población seleccionada de<br />

acuerdo a un patrón.<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/tangente (tan): En un triángulo<br />

rectángulo, la razón de la longitud del lado<br />

opuesto al ángulo agudo a la longitud del<br />

lado adyacente al ángulo agudo.<br />

tangent (to a circle)/tangente (de un círculo):<br />

Línea que toca la circunferencia en un solo<br />

punto.<br />

term (in an expression)/término (en una<br />

expresión): Las partes de una expresión que<br />

se suman o se restan.<br />

Ejemplos: 5x 2 es una expresión con un<br />

término, �10 es una expresión<br />

con un término y x � 1 es una<br />

expresión con dos términos.<br />

term (in a sequence)/término (en una sucesión):<br />

Elemento o número de una sucesión.<br />

terminating decimal/decimal cerrado: Un<br />

número decimal que termina.<br />

Ejemplo: 6.75<br />

tessellation/teselado: Patrón recurrente de<br />

figuras planas que cubren completamente un<br />

plano sin huecos ni traslapes.<br />

tetrahedron/tetraedro: Poliedro de cuatro<br />

caras.<br />

theoretical probability/probabilidad teórica:<br />

La razón entre el número de resultados<br />

igualmente probables de un suceso y el<br />

número total de posibles resultados.<br />

third quartile/tercer cuartil: La mediana de la<br />

mitad superior de un conjunto de datos; también<br />

llamado upper quartile (cuartil superior).<br />

tip/propina: Cantidad de dinero que se añade<br />

al costo de un servicio; normalmente es un<br />

porcentaje del costo.<br />

transformation/transformación: Cambio en<br />

la posición o tamaño de una figura.<br />

translation/traslación: Movimiento (deslizamiento)<br />

de una figura a lo largo de una recta.<br />

transversal/transversal: Línea que interseca a<br />

dos o más líneas.<br />

trapezoid/trapecio: Cuadrilátero que tiene<br />

exactamente un par de lados paralelos.<br />

tree diagram/diagrama de árbol: Diagrama<br />

ramificado que muestra todas las combinaciones<br />

o resultados posibles de un suceso.<br />

trial/prueba: En la probabilidad, cada<br />

repetición u observación de un experimento.<br />

triangle/triángulo: Polígono de tres lados.<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/teorema de la suma<br />

de un triángulo: Teorema que dice que la<br />

suma de las medidas de los ángulos de un<br />

triángulo es igual a 180°.<br />

triangular prism/prisma<br />

triangular: Poliedro cuyas<br />

bases son triángulos y<br />

cuyas otras caras son<br />

paralelogramos.<br />

trigonometric ratios/razones<br />

trigonométricas: Razones que comparan la<br />

longitud de los lados de un triángulo<br />

rectángulo; las razones más comunes son<br />

seno, coseno y tangente.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 121 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


U<br />

unbiased sample/muestra no sesgada:<br />

Una muestra es no sesgada si cada individuo<br />

de la población tiene la misma probabilidad<br />

de ser elegido.<br />

underestimate/subestimación: Estimación<br />

menor que el resultado exacto.<br />

union/unión: El conjunto de todos los<br />

elementos que pertenecen a dos o más<br />

conjuntos.<br />

unit conversion/conversión de unidades:<br />

Proceso de transformar las unidades de un<br />

sistema de medidas a otro.<br />

unit conversion factor/factor de conversión<br />

de unidades: Fracción utilizada en la conversión<br />

de unidades en la que el numerador y el<br />

denominador representan la misma cantidad<br />

pero en unidades distintas.<br />

60 min 1 hr<br />

Ejemplo: ó<br />

1 hr 60 min<br />

unit price/precio por unidad: Unidad<br />

utilizada para comparar precios.<br />

unit rate/tasa unitaria: Tasa en la que la<br />

segunda cantidad de la comparación es<br />

una unidad.<br />

Ejemplo: 10 cm por minuto<br />

unlike fractions/fracciones de distinto<br />

denominador: Fracciones cuyos<br />

denominadores son distintos.<br />

Ejemplo: 3 –<br />

4 y 1 –<br />

2 son fracciones de distinto<br />

denominador.<br />

upper extreme/extremo superior: El número<br />

mayor de un conjunto de datos.<br />

upper quartile/cuartil superior: La mediana<br />

de la mitad superior de un conjunto de datos;<br />

también denominado third quartile (tercer<br />

cuartil).<br />

V<br />

vanishing point/punto de fuga: Punto de un<br />

dibujo en perspectiva en el que se encuentran<br />

las líneas que se alejan del espectador.<br />

variability/variabilidad: La dispersión de<br />

valores en un conjunto de datos.<br />

variable/variable: Símbolo que se utiliza para<br />

representar una cantidad que puede cambiar.<br />

Venn diagram/diagrama de Venn: Diagrama<br />

que se utiliza para mostrar las relaciones<br />

entre conjuntos.<br />

verbal expression/expresión verbal: Palabra<br />

o frase.<br />

vertex/vértice: En un ángulo o polígono, el<br />

punto en el que dos lados se intersecan; en un<br />

poliedro, la intersección de tres o más caras;<br />

en un cono o pirámide, el punto más alto.<br />

vertical angles/<br />

b<br />

ángulos opuestos<br />

a c<br />

por el vértice:<br />

d<br />

Par de ángulos<br />

opuestos congruentes formados por la intersección<br />

de líneas; en el diagrama, �a y �c<br />

son congruentes y �b y �d son congruentes.<br />

volume/volumen: Número de unidades<br />

cúbicas necesarias para llenar un espacio<br />

dado.<br />

W<br />

withholding tax/impuesto retenido:<br />

Cantidad de impuesto que se retiene de las<br />

ganacias de una persona como pago<br />

anticipado del impuesto al ingreso.<br />

X<br />

x-axis/eje de las x: El eje horizontal del plano<br />

cartesiano.<br />

x-coordinate/coordenada y (abscisa): Primer<br />

número de un par ordenado; indica la<br />

distancia que hay que recorrer a la derecha o<br />

a la izquierda desde el origen (0, 0).<br />

Ejemplo: 5 es la abscisa del par ordenado<br />

(5, 3).<br />

x-intercept/intersección con el eje de las x:<br />

La abscisa del punto donde la gráfica de una<br />

línea cruza el eje de las x.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 122 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Y<br />

y-axis/eje de las y: El eje vertical del plano<br />

cartesiano.<br />

y-coordinate/coordenada x (ordenada):<br />

Segundo número de un par ordenado; indica<br />

la distancia que hay que recorrer hacia arriba<br />

o hacia abajo desde el origen (0, 0).<br />

Ejemplo: 3 es la ordenada del par ordenado<br />

(5, 3).<br />

y-intercept/intersección con el eje de las y:<br />

La ordenada del punto donde la gráfica de<br />

una línea cruza el eje de las y.<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/par nulo: Un número y su opuesto,<br />

cuya suma es igual a 0.<br />

Ejemplo: 18 y –18<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 123 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


A<br />

absolute value/ganap na halaga: Ang layo ng<br />

isang bilang sa sero sa isang guhit ng mga<br />

bilang; ipinapakita ng ��.<br />

Halimbawa: � �5 � � 5.<br />

accuracy/kawastuhan: Kung gaano kalapit<br />

ang isang ibinigay na sukat o halaga sa tunay<br />

na sukat o halaga.<br />

acute angle/anggulong kipot: Anggulo na<br />

may sukat na kulang sa 90°.<br />

acute triangle/tatsulok na kipot: Tatsulok na<br />

lahat ng anggulo ay may sukat na kulang sa 90°.<br />

addend/addend: Isang bilang na idinaragdag<br />

sa isa o mas marami pang bilang upang<br />

makagawa ng kabuuan. Halimbawa, sa<br />

pagpapahayag na 4 � 6 � 7, ang 4, 6 at 7 ay<br />

mga addend.<br />

Addition Property of Equality/Katangiang<br />

Pagdaragdag ng Pagkakapareho: Ang<br />

katangian na nagpapahayag na kapag<br />

idinagdag mo ang magkaparehong bilang sa<br />

magkabilang panig ng isang equation,<br />

magkakaroon ng magkaparehong kalutasan<br />

ang bagong equation.<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/Katangiang<br />

Pagdaragdag ng Magkasalungat: Ang<br />

katangian na nagpapahayag na ang kabuuan<br />

ng isang bilang at ng kanyang kasalungat ay<br />

sero.<br />

Halimbawa: 12 � (�12) � 0<br />

additive inverse/kabaligtaran ng<br />

pagdaragdag: Ang kasalungat ng isang bilang.<br />

Halimbawa: Ang kabaligtaran ng pagdaragdag<br />

ng 6 ay �6.<br />

adjacent angles/magkatabing<br />

anggulo: Mga anggulo sa<br />

parehong patag na may iisang<br />

vertex at iisang panig.<br />

algebraic expression/pagpapahayag sa<br />

alhebra: Isang pagpapahayag na may kahit isa<br />

man lamang bariable.<br />

Halimbawa: x � 8; 4(m � b)<br />

a<br />

b<br />

algebraic inequality/di-pagkakapareho sa<br />

alhebra: Isang di-pagkakapantay-pantay na<br />

may kahit isa man lamang bariable.<br />

Halimbawa: x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/<br />

a b<br />

mga halinhinang<br />

anggulo na panlabas:<br />

Isang pares ng mga<br />

c d<br />

anggulo na binubuo<br />

ng isang transversal at<br />

dalawang guhit; sa diagram, ang mga pares<br />

ng mga halinhinang anggulo na panlabas ay<br />

�a at �d at �b at �c.<br />

alternate interior angles/<br />

mga halinhinang<br />

anggulo na panloob:<br />

Isang pares ng mga<br />

anggulo na binubuo<br />

t<br />

r<br />

v<br />

s<br />

ng isang transversal at dalawang guhit; sa<br />

diagram, ang mga pares ng mga halinhinang<br />

anggulo na panlabas ay �r at �v at �s at �t.<br />

altitude/taas: Ang patayong layo mula sa<br />

vertex ng isang poligon hanggang sa kabilang<br />

base (o guhit na naglalaman ng base na ito).<br />

angle/anggulo: Isang pigura na binubuo ng<br />

dalawang rayo na may iisang dulo na<br />

tinatawag na vertex.<br />

angle bisector/naghahati ng N<br />

anggulo: Isang guhit, bahagi,<br />

P<br />

O<br />

o rayo na naghahati ng isang<br />

M<br />

anggulo sa dalawang<br />

magkaparehong anggulo.<br />

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)/Anggulo-Panig-<br />

Anggulo: Isang patakaran na nagpapahayag<br />

na kapag ang dalawang anggulo at ang<br />

kasamang panig ng isang tatsulok ay<br />

magkapareho sa dalawang anggulo at sa<br />

kasamang panig ng isa pang tatsulok, ang<br />

mga tatsulok ay kongruente o magkapareho.<br />

arc/arco: Bahagi ng isang bilog na tinatawag<br />

sa pamamagitan ng kanyang mga dulo.<br />

area/lawak: Ang bilang ng mga kwadradong<br />

halaga na kinakailangan upang matakpan ang<br />

labas ng isang hugis.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 125 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


arithmetic sequence/aritmetikang<br />

pagkakasunod-sunod: Isang isina-ayos na<br />

listahan ng mga bilang kung saan laging<br />

pareho ang kaibhan ng mga magkakasunod<br />

na termino.<br />

Associative Property/Katangiang Pagsamasamahin<br />

Pagdaragdag: Ang katangiang nagpapahayag<br />

na para sa lahat ng tunay na mga bilang na a,<br />

b at c, palaging pareho ang kabuuan, ano man<br />

ang gawing pagkumpol-kumpol ng mga ito:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

Multiplikasyon: Ang katangiang<br />

nagpapahayag na para sa lahat ng tunay na<br />

bilang na a, b at c, palaging pareho ang<br />

sangkap, ano man ang gawing pagkumpolkumpol<br />

ng mga ito:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

asymmetry/asymmetry: Hindi magkapareho<br />

sa alinmang panig ng isang nasa gitna na<br />

guhit. Walang simetriya.<br />

average/promedyo: Ang kabuuan ng isang<br />

pangkat ng mga datos na hinati sa bilang ng<br />

mga bagay na nasa pangkat ng datos;<br />

tinatawag ding mean (panggitna).<br />

average deviation/katuusang pagkakaiba:<br />

Ang katuusang agwat ng isang halaga ng<br />

datos mula sa mean (panggitna).<br />

axes/axes: Ang dalawang patayong guhit ng<br />

isang coordinate plane na bumabagtas sa<br />

pinagmulan.<br />

B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/<br />

magkabilaang pagbabalangkas ng tangkay at<br />

dahon: Isang pagbabalangkas ng tangkay at<br />

dahon na naghahambing ng dalawang<br />

pangkat ng mga datos sa pamamagitan ng<br />

pagpapakita ng isang pangkat ng datos sa<br />

kaliwa ng tangkay at ang isa naman sa kanan<br />

ng tangkay.<br />

bar graph/talangguhit na trangka:<br />

Talangguhit na gumagamit ng mga patayo o<br />

pahalang na mga trangka upang magpakita<br />

ng mga datos.<br />

base-10 system/base-10 system: Isang<br />

sistema ng mga bilang kung saan<br />

ipinapahayag ang lahat ng mga bilang gamit<br />

ang tambilang na 0–9.<br />

base (in numeration)/base (sa patnubilang):<br />

Kapag ang bilang ay itinaas sa isang antas, ang<br />

bilang na ginagamit bilang sangkap ay ang<br />

base.<br />

Halimbawa: 3 5 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/base (ng isang poligon o hugis sa<br />

tatlong dimensiyon): Isang panig ng isang<br />

poligon; isang mukha ng isang hugis sa<br />

tatlong dimensiyon na siyang ginagamit<br />

upang sukatin o pag-uri-uriin ang hugis.<br />

Mga base<br />

isang<br />

silindro<br />

Mga base<br />

isang<br />

prisma<br />

Mga base<br />

isang<br />

kono<br />

Mga base<br />

isang<br />

piramido<br />

biased sample/may kinikilingan na sample:<br />

Isang sample na hindi makatwiran na<br />

kumakatawan sa populasyon.<br />

binary number system/binary na sistema ng<br />

bilang: Isang sistema ng bilang kung saan ang<br />

lahat ng mga bilang ay pinapahayag gamit<br />

lamang ang dalawang bilang, 0 at 1.<br />

binomial/binomial: Isang polynomial na may<br />

dalawang termino.<br />

Halimbawa: 10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/hatiin: Hatiin sa dalawang<br />

kongruenteng bahagi.<br />

boundary line/guhit na hangganan: Ang<br />

pangkat ng mga tuldok kung saan<br />

magkapareho ang dalawang panig ng isang<br />

linear inequality na may dalawang bariable.<br />

box-and-whisker plot/kahon at bigote na<br />

guhit: Talangguhit na ipinapakita ang<br />

pinakamataas at pinakamababang quarters<br />

(pag-apating bahagi) ng datos bilang bigote,<br />

ang nasa gitnang dalawang quarter ng datos<br />

bilang isang kahon, at ang panggitna.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 126 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


eak (graph)/putol (talangguhit): Isang<br />

zigzag sa isang pahalang o patayong iskala ng<br />

isang talangguhit na nagpapakita na hindi<br />

isinama ang ilang bilang sa iskala.<br />

C<br />

capacity/kapasidad: Ang dami na maaaring<br />

mailaman ng isang lalagyan kapag ito’y<br />

pinuno.<br />

Celsius/celsius: Isang metric na iskala upang<br />

sukatin ang temperatura, kung saan ang 0°C<br />

ay ang temperatura ng pagyelo ng tubig at<br />

ang 100°C ay ang temperatura ng pagkulo ng<br />

tubig; tinatawag ding centigrade.<br />

center (of a circle)/sentro (ng isang bilog):<br />

Ang tuldok sa loob ng isang bilog na pareho<br />

ang layo mula sa lahat ng mga tuldok sa bilog.<br />

center (of dilation)/sentro (ng dilation): Ang<br />

tuldok kung saan bumabagtas ang mga guhit<br />

mula sa lahat ng mga anggulo sa isang<br />

dilation.<br />

center (of rotation)/sentro (ng pag-ikot): Ang<br />

tuldok kung saan pinaiikot ang isang hugis.<br />

central angle/panggitnang anggulo: Ang<br />

vertex ng anggulong ito ay nasa sentro ng<br />

isang bilog.<br />

certain (probability)/sigurado (kalamangan):<br />

Siguradong mangyayari; may kalamangan na 1.<br />

chord/kuwerdas: Isang bahagi ng guhit na<br />

ang mga dulo ay nasa bilog.<br />

circle/bilog: Ang pangkat ng<br />

lahat ng mga tuldok sa isang<br />

C<br />

patag na pareho ang layo mula<br />

sa isang nakatakdang lugar na<br />

tinatawag na sentro.<br />

circle graph/talangguhit na bilog: Isang<br />

talangguhit na gumagamit ng mga bahagi ng<br />

isang bilog upang ihambing ang mga parte sa<br />

isang buo at ang mga parte sa ibang mga<br />

parte.<br />

circumference/ikot: Ang sukat ng paligid ng<br />

isang bilog.<br />

clockwise/paikot sa kanan:<br />

Isang pabilog na pagkilos<br />

papunta sa kanan sa dakong<br />

ipinapakita.<br />

clustering/<br />

pagkumpol-kumpol: Isang paraan na<br />

ginagamit upang ipalagay ang isang kabuuan<br />

kapag ang lahat ng mga addend ay malapit sa<br />

parehong halaga.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 27, 29, 24 at 26’ ay lahat<br />

nagkukumpol palibot sa 25.<br />

coefficient/coefficient: Ang bilang na<br />

minumultiplika sa isang bariable sa isang<br />

pagpapahayag sa alhebra.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 5 ay ang coefficient sa 5b.<br />

combination/kombinasyon: Ang pag-aayos<br />

ng mga bagay o pangyayari kung saan hindi<br />

mahalaga ang pagkakasunod-sunod.<br />

commission/komisyon: Ang bayad sa isang<br />

tao para sa kanyang pagbenta.<br />

commission rate/halaga ng komisyon: Ang<br />

bayad sa isang taong nakapagbenta;<br />

ipinapahayag bilang porsyento ng presyo ng<br />

pagbenta.<br />

common denominator/panlahat na<br />

panghatimbilang: Isang panghatimbilang na<br />

magkapareho sa dalawa o higit pa na mga<br />

hatimbilang.<br />

Halimbawa: Ang panlahat na panghatimbilang<br />

ng 5 –<br />

8 at 2 –<br />

8 ay 8.<br />

common difference/parehong kaibhan: Ang<br />

kaibhan sa isa’t-isa ng anumang dalawang<br />

magkasunod na termino sa isang<br />

aritmetikang pagkakasunod-sunod.<br />

common factor/sangkap na panglahat: Isang<br />

bilang na sangkap ng dalawa o higit pang<br />

mga bilang.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 8 ay isang sangkap ng 16 at<br />

40.<br />

common multiple/panlahat na multiplo:<br />

Isang bilang na multiplo ng bawa’t isa ng<br />

dalawa o higit pang mga bilang.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 15 ay isang panlahat na<br />

multiplo ng 3 at 5.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 127 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


common ratio/panlahat na proporsiyon:<br />

Ang proporsiyon na ginagamit sa<br />

pagmultiplika ng bawa’t termino upang<br />

makagawa ng susunod na termino sa isang<br />

pangheometriyang pagkakasunod-sunod.<br />

Commutative Property/Katangiang<br />

Paglipat-lipatin<br />

Pagdaragdag: Ang katangian na nagpapahayag<br />

na maaaring pagsamahin ang dalawa o higit<br />

pang mga bilang sa anumang pagkakasunodsunod<br />

na hindi pinapalitan ang kabuuan.<br />

Halimbawa: 8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

Pagpaparami: Ang katangian na<br />

nagpapahayag na maaaring imultiplika ang<br />

dalawa o higit pang mga bilang sa anumang<br />

pagkakasunod-sunod na hindi pinapalitan<br />

ang produkto.<br />

Halimbawa: 6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a<br />

compatible numbers/magkabagay na mga<br />

bilang: Mga bilang na malapit sa mga<br />

itinakdang mga bilang na pinadadali ang<br />

pagpapalagay o pagkalkula sa pang-isipan.<br />

compensation/bayad: Kapag ang isang<br />

bilang sa isang problema ay malapit sa isa<br />

pang bilang na mas madaling gamitin sa<br />

pagkalkula, ginagamit ang mas madaling<br />

bilang sa pagkalkula upang hanapin ang<br />

sagot. Pagkatapos ay isinasa-ayos ang sagot sa<br />

pamamagitan ng pagdagdag o pagbawas<br />

mula dito.<br />

complementary angles/magkabagay na<br />

anggulo: Dalawang anggulo na ang kabuuan<br />

ng mga sukat ay 90°.<br />

composite number/composite number:<br />

Isang bilang na higit sa 1 na mayroong higit<br />

sa dalawang buong bilang na sangkap.<br />

compound event/compound event: Isang<br />

pangyayari na binubuo ng dalawa o higit<br />

pang payak na pangyayari.<br />

compound inequality/compound inequality:<br />

Isang kombinasyon ng higit pa sa isang<br />

inequality (di-pagkakapareho).<br />

Halimbawa: x � �2 o x � 10, o �2 � x � 10.<br />

Ang x ay higit pa o kapareho ng<br />

�2 at mas kaunti sa 10.<br />

compound interest/tubong patung-patong:<br />

Tubo na kinita o binayaran sa puhunan at<br />

dati nang kinita o binayaran na patubo.<br />

concave polygon/concave poligon: Isang<br />

poligon na mayroong isa man lamang na<br />

panloob na anggulo na higit sa 180°.<br />

cone/kono o talulo: Isang hugis sa tatlong<br />

dimensiyon na may isang vertex at isang<br />

pabilog na base.<br />

congruent /kongruente: Mayroong<br />

magkaparehong laki at anyo.<br />

congruent angles/mga kongruenteng<br />

anggulo: Mga anggulo na pareho ang sukat.<br />

congruent segments/mga kongruenteng<br />

bahagi: Mga bahagi na pareho ang haba.<br />

constant/palagian: Isang halaga na hindi<br />

nagbabago.<br />

constant of proportionality/palagian ng<br />

pagiging proporsiyonal: Isang hindi<br />

nagbabagong panumbasan ng dalawang<br />

bariable na magkaugnay ang proporsiyon.<br />

Halimbawa: 5 � k, 10 � 2k at 15 � 3k<br />

convenience sample/pinakamadaling<br />

sample: Paggamit ng sample ng<br />

pinakamadaling makuha na mga tao sa<br />

populasyon upang mabilis na makakuha ng<br />

mga resulta.<br />

conversion factor/conversion factor: Isang<br />

hatimbilang na ang kabilangan at<br />

panghatimbilang ay kumakatawan sa<br />

parehong dami, ngunit gumagamit ng<br />

magkakaibang mga yunit; ang hatimbilang ay<br />

kapareho ng 1 dahil ang kabilangan at ang<br />

panghatimbilang ay pareho.<br />

24 oras 1 araw<br />

Halimbawa: at<br />

1 araw 24 oras<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 128 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


convex polygon/convex poligon: Isang<br />

poligon na ang lahat ng panloob na anggulo<br />

ay may sukat ng mas kaunti sa o kapareho ng<br />

180°.<br />

coordinate plane (coordinate<br />

grid)/koordenadang talangguhit<br />

(coordinate grid): Isang patag na binubuo ng<br />

pagbagtas ng isang pahalang na guhit ng mga<br />

bilang na tinatawag na x-axis at isang<br />

patayong guhit ng mga bilang na tinatawag<br />

na y-axis.<br />

Quadrant<br />

II<br />

Quadrant<br />

III<br />

y-axis<br />

Quadrant<br />

I<br />

Quadrant<br />

IV<br />

coordinate/koordenada: Isa sa mga bilang ng<br />

isang isina-ayos na pares na itinuturo ang<br />

isang tuldok sa isang coordinate graph.<br />

correlation/correlation: Ang paglalarawan<br />

ng relasyon ng dalawang pangkat ng datos.<br />

correspondence/pagkakabagay: Ang<br />

relasyon ng dalawa o higit pang mga bagay na<br />

pinagtugma.<br />

corresponding angles (for lines)/mga<br />

magkabagay na anggulo (para sa mga<br />

guhit): Isang pares ng mga anggulo na<br />

binubuo ng isang transversal at dalawang<br />

guhit; sa diagram, ang mga pares ng mga<br />

magkabagay na anggulo ay �m at �q, �n at<br />

�r, �o at �s, at �p at �t.<br />

corresponding angles<br />

(in polygons)/mga<br />

magkabagay na anggulo<br />

(sa mga poligon): Mga<br />

magkatambal na anggulo<br />

ng dalawa o higit pang poligon.<br />

x-axis<br />

q r<br />

s t<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

corresponding sides/mga magkapares na<br />

panig: Mga magkatambal na mga panig ng<br />

dalawa o higit pang poligon.<br />

cosine (cos)/cosine (cos): Sa isang right<br />

triangle, ang pagkakaugnay ng haba ng panig<br />

na katabi ng isang acute angle (anggulong<br />

kipot) sa haba ng hypotenuse.<br />

counterclockwise/paikot<br />

sa kaliwa: Isang pabilog na<br />

pagkilos papuntang kaliwa<br />

sa dakong ipinapakita.<br />

counterexample/kontrang halimbawa: Isang<br />

halimbawa na nagpapakita na hindi totoo ang<br />

isang pahayag.<br />

cross product/cross product: Ang<br />

kinalabasan ng mga bilang sa diagonal kapag<br />

pinaghahambing ang dalawang proporsiyon.<br />

Halimbawa: 2 –<br />

3 � 4 – 2<br />

6 3 � � 6 4 � � 12<br />

12<br />

cube (geometric figure)/<br />

Kubo (pigurang heometriya):<br />

Isang hugis rektanggulo na<br />

prisma na may anim na<br />

kongruentong kuwadradong<br />

panig.<br />

cube (in numeration)/kubo (sa pagbilang):<br />

Isang bilang na itinaas sa pangatlong antas.<br />

cumulative frequency/natitipong<br />

karagdagan sa kadalasan: Ang kabuuan ng<br />

mga magkakasunod na mga bagay sa datos.<br />

customary system of measurement/<br />

karaniwang sistema ng pagsukat: Ang sistema<br />

ng pagsukat na kadalasang ginagamit sa<br />

Estados Unidos.<br />

Halimbawa: dali, talampakan, milya, onsa,<br />

libra, tonelada, tasa, quart (ikaapat<br />

na bahagi ng isang galon),<br />

galon<br />

cylinder/silindro: Isang hugis sa<br />

tatlong dimensiyon na may<br />

dalawang magkahilera na<br />

parehong pabilog na mga base<br />

na konektado ng isang<br />

kurbadang panlabas sa tagiliran.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 129 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


D<br />

decagon/decagon: Isang poligon na may<br />

sampung panig.<br />

decimal system/sistemang panampuan:<br />

Isang sistemang may halagang base-10.<br />

deductive reasoning/deductive reasoning:<br />

Paggamit ng lohika upang ipakita na totoo<br />

ang isang pahayag.<br />

degree/grado o antas: Ang yunit ng pagsukat<br />

ng mga anggulo o temperatura.<br />

denominator/panghatimbilang: Ang bilang<br />

na nasa ilalim ng isang hatimbilang na<br />

nagsasabi kung ilang magkaparehong bahagi<br />

ang nasa isang buo.<br />

Halimbawa: 3 –<br />

4 Panghatimbilang<br />

Density property of real numbers/Density<br />

property of real numbers: Ang katangian na<br />

nagpapahayag na laging may iba pang tunay<br />

na bilang sa pagitan ng kahit anong dalawang<br />

tunay na bilang.<br />

dependent events/nababatay na mga<br />

pangyayari: Mga pangyayari kung saan ang<br />

kinalabasan ng unang pangyayari ay<br />

nakakaapekto sa kinalabasan ng pangalawang<br />

pangyayari.<br />

diagonal/diagonal: Isang bahagi ng guhit na<br />

nagkakabit sa dalawang hindi magkatabing<br />

mga tuktok ng isang poligon.<br />

diameter/diyametro: Isang bahagi ng guhit na<br />

nagdadaan sa sentro ng isang bilog at may mga<br />

dulo sa bilog, o sa haba ng bahagi na iyon.<br />

difference/pagkakaiba: Ang resulta kapag<br />

ibinawas ang isang bilang sa iba pang bilang.<br />

dilation/pagpapalaki o pagpapaliit: Isang<br />

pagbabago na nagpapalaki o nagpapaliit ng<br />

isang pigura.<br />

dimension/dimensiyon: Ang haba, kitid, o<br />

taas ng isang pigura.<br />

direct variation/tuwirang pagkakaiba: Ang<br />

kaugnayan ng dalawang bariable kung saan<br />

ang mga datos ay sabay na tumataas o<br />

bumababa sa isang palagian na halaga.<br />

discount/tawad: Ang halaga na ibinawas sa<br />

orihinal na presyo<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/Katangiang Pamamahagi ng<br />

Multiplikasyon sa Pagdaragdag: Ang<br />

katangian na nagpapahayag na kapag<br />

pinarami mo ang isang kabuuan sa isang<br />

bilang, makukuha mo ang parehong resulta<br />

kapag pinarami mo ang bawa’t addend sa<br />

bilang na iyon at pagkatapos ay pinagsama<br />

mo ang mga kinalabasan ng pagpaparami.<br />

Halimbawa: 5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) �<br />

(5 � 1)<br />

dividend/dibidendo: Ang bilang na hahatiin<br />

sa isang paghahati.<br />

Halimbawa: En 8 � 4 � 2, ang 8 ang<br />

dibidendo.<br />

divisible/maaaring hatiin: Maaaring hatiin ng<br />

isang bilang nang walang remainder (naiiwan).<br />

Division Property of Equality/Katangiang<br />

Paghahati ng Pagkakapareho: Ang katangian<br />

na nagpapahayag na kung hatiin mo ang<br />

magkabilang panig ng isang equation gamit<br />

ang parehong bilang na hindi sero, magiging<br />

pareho ang kalutasan sa bagong equation.<br />

divisor/panghati: Ang bilang na iyong<br />

ginagamit paghati sa isang problema ng<br />

paghahati.<br />

Halimbawa: Sa 8 � 4 � 2, ang 4 ay ang<br />

panghati.<br />

dodecahedron/dodecahedron: Isang<br />

polihedron na may 12 mukha.<br />

domain/domain: Ang pangkat ng lahat ng<br />

mga maaaring input values sa isang ginagawa.<br />

double-bar graph/talangguhit na dalawang<br />

trangka: Isang talangguhit na trangka na<br />

naghahambing ng dalawang magkaugnay na<br />

pangkat ng datos.<br />

double-line graph/talangguhit na dalawang<br />

linya: Isang talangguhit na nagpapakita kung<br />

paano nagbabago ang dalawang magkaugnay<br />

na pangkat ng datos sa kahabaan ng<br />

panahon.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 130 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


edge/gilid: Ang bahagi<br />

ng guhit kung saan<br />

bumabagtas ang<br />

dalawang panig ng<br />

isang polihedron.<br />

E<br />

mga<br />

gilid<br />

elements/mga elemento: Ang mga salita,<br />

bilang, o bagay sa isang pangkat.<br />

empirical probability/empirical probability:<br />

Tingnan ang experimental probability<br />

(eksperimento ng kalamangan).<br />

empty set/pangkat na walang laman: Isang<br />

pangkat na walang mga elemento.<br />

endpoint/dulo: Isang tuldok sa dulo ng isang<br />

bahagi ng guhit o rayo.<br />

enlargement/pagpapalaki: Ang pagpapalaki<br />

ng lahat ng mga sukat sa magkaparehong<br />

proporsiyon.<br />

equally likely outcomes/mga kinalabasan na<br />

pare-parehong maaaring mangyari: Mga<br />

kinalabasan na may parehong kalamangan.<br />

equation/equation: Isang pangmatematikang<br />

pangungusap na nagpapakita na<br />

magkatumbas ang dalawang pagpapahayag.<br />

equilateral triangle/equilateral triangle: Isang<br />

tatsulok na may tatlong kongruenteng panig<br />

equivalent/magkatumbas: Magkapareho ang<br />

halaga.<br />

equivalent fractions/mga magkatumbas na<br />

hatimbilang: Mga hatimbilang na<br />

nagpapangalan ng magkaparehong halaga o<br />

bahagi.<br />

equivalent ratios/mga magkaparehong<br />

pagkakaugnay: Mga pagkakaugnay na<br />

nagpapangalan ng magkaparehong<br />

paghambing.<br />

estimate/pagtantiya: Isang sagot na malapit sa<br />

wastong sagot at nakukuha sa pamamagitan<br />

ng pagtantiya sa pinakamalapit na bilang,<br />

pagkumpol-kumpol, paggamit ng mga frontend<br />

na tambilang, mga magkabagay na mga<br />

bilang, o iba pang paraan upang mahanap<br />

ang ganitong sagot.<br />

evaluate/halagahan: Hanapin ang halaga ng<br />

isang pagpapahayag na gumagamit ng<br />

tambilang o alhebra.<br />

even number/tukol na bilang: Isang buong<br />

bilang na maaaring hatiin ng bilang na dalawa.<br />

event/pangyayari: Ang kinalabasan o pangkat<br />

ng mga kinalabasan ng isang pagsubok o<br />

kalagayan.<br />

expanded form/pinalawak na anyo: Isang<br />

bilang na isinulat bilang kabuuan ng mga<br />

halaga ng kanyang mga tambilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 236,536 536 isinulat sa pinalawak<br />

na anyo ay 200,000 � 30,000 �<br />

6,000 � 500 � 30 � 6.<br />

experiment (probability)/pagsubok<br />

(kalamangan): Sa kalamangan, anumang<br />

gawain batay sa pagkakataon (tulad ng<br />

paghagis ng barya).<br />

experimental probability/eksperimentong<br />

kalamangan: Ang proporsiyon kung ilang<br />

beses magaganap ang isang pangyayari sa<br />

kabuuang bilang ng pagsusubok, o beses na<br />

gaganapin ang gawain na ito.<br />

exponent/eksponente: Ang bilang na<br />

nagpapahiwatig kung ilang beses gagamiting<br />

sangkap ang base.<br />

Halimbawa: 2 3 � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; ang 3 ay ang<br />

eksponente<br />

exponential decay/eksponenteng paghihina:<br />

Nangyayari sa isang eksponenteng gawain<br />

kapag ang output f(x) ay lumiliit habang ang<br />

input x ay lumalaki.<br />

exponential form/eksponenteng anyo: Ang<br />

bilang ay nasa eksponenteng anyo kapag ito ay<br />

nakasulat na mayroong base at eksponente.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 4 2 ay ang eksponenteng anyo<br />

para sa 4 � 4.<br />

exponential function/eksponenteng gawain:<br />

Isang paraan na wala sa guhit kung saan ang<br />

bariable ay ang eksponente.<br />

exponential growth/eksponenteng paglaki:<br />

Nangyayari sa isang eksponente ng gawain<br />

kapag ang output f(x) ay lumalaki habang ang<br />

input x ay lumiliit.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 131 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


expression/pagpapahayag: Isang matematikong<br />

phrase (parirala) na naglalaman ng mga<br />

operasyon, bilang, at/o mga bariable.<br />

extrapolation/extrapolation: Pagtantiya o<br />

paghula ng isang hindi alam na halaga, batay<br />

sa mga nalalamang halaga.<br />

F<br />

face/mukha: Isang patag na kalatagan ng<br />

isang polihedron.<br />

factor/sangkap: Isang bilang na pinarami sa<br />

isa pang bilang upang makakuha ng<br />

kinalabasan ng pagpaparami.<br />

factor tree/puno ng sangkap: Isang diagram<br />

na nagpapakita kung paano hinihiwa-hiwalay<br />

ang isang buong bilang upang makuha ang<br />

kanyang mga prime factor.<br />

factorial/factorial: Ang produkto ng lahat ng<br />

buong bilang, maliban sa sero, na mas kaunti<br />

o katumbas ng isang bilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 4 factorial � 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1<br />

Ang 0! ay nangangahulugang 1.<br />

Fahrenheit/fahrenheit: Isang iskala ng<br />

temperatura kung saan ang 32°F ay ang<br />

temperatura ng pagyelo ng tubig at ang 212°F<br />

ay ang temperatura ng pagkulo ng tubig.<br />

fair/makatarungan: Kapag pare-pareho ang<br />

kalamangang mangyari ng lahat ng mga<br />

kinalabasan ng isang pagsubok, sinasabing<br />

makatarungan ang eksperimento.<br />

fair games/walang kini-kilingang laro: Mga<br />

laro kung saan pare-pareho ang pagkakataon<br />

ng lahat ng kalahok na manalo.<br />

favorable outcome/mabuting kinalabasan:<br />

Isang kinalabasan na hinahanap mo kapag<br />

ikaw ay nag-eeksperimento.<br />

Fibonacci sequence/Fibonacci sequence: Ang<br />

walang katapusang pagkakasunud-sunod ng<br />

mga bilang (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,…); simula sa<br />

pangatlong termino, ang bawa’t bilang ay ang<br />

kabuuan ng dalawang nauunang bilang;<br />

ipinangalan ito kay Leonardo Fibonacci, isang<br />

matematiko mula sa pang labing-tatlong siglo.<br />

first differences/first differences: Isang<br />

pagkakasunud-sunod na binubuo sa<br />

pamamagitan ng pagbawas ng bawa’t termino<br />

ng isang pagkakasunud-sunod mula sa<br />

kasunod na termino.<br />

first quartile/first quartile: Ang panggitna ng<br />

nasa ibabang kalahati ng isang pangkat ng<br />

datos; tinatawag ding lower quartile (mas<br />

mababang quartile).<br />

formula/pormularyo: Isang patakaran na<br />

nagpapakita ng mga kaugnayan ng mga dami.<br />

Halimbawa: A � lw<br />

fractal/fractal: Isang anyo na may paulit-ulit<br />

na mga dibuho na naglalaman ng mga hugis<br />

na gaya ng buo ngunit iba’t-ibang kalakihan<br />

sa lahat ng parte.<br />

fraction/fraction: Isang bilang sa anyong a –<br />

b ,<br />

kung saan ang b � 0.<br />

frequency table/talaan ng kadalasan: Isang<br />

talaan na naglilista ng mga bagay nang samasama<br />

ayon sa dami ng beses o kadalasan na<br />

nangyayari ang mga bagay.<br />

front-end estimation/front-end estimation:<br />

Isang paraan ng pagtantiya kung saan<br />

pinagsasama ang mga pangharap na<br />

tambilang ng mga addend at pagkatapos ay<br />

iniaakma ang kabuuan para makakuha ng<br />

mas malapit na pagtantiya.<br />

function/gawain: Isang input-output na<br />

kaugnayan na mayroong hustung-hustong<br />

isang output para sa bawa’t input.<br />

function notation/pagtatala ng gawain: Ang<br />

pagtatala na ginagamit upang ilarawan ang<br />

isang function (gawain).<br />

Halimbawa: y � 3x 2 f(x) � 3x 2 ;<br />

f(x) ay binabasang “f ng x.”<br />

function table/talaan ng function: Isang<br />

talaan ng mga isina-ayos na pares na<br />

naglalarawan ng mga kalutasan ng isang<br />

function (gawain).<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 132 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Fundamental Counting Principle/<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle: Kung ang<br />

isang pangyayari ay may m na posibleng<br />

kinalabasan, at ang pangalawang pangyayari ay<br />

may n na posibleng kinalabasan pagkatapos<br />

mangyari ang unang pangyayari, kung gayon<br />

ay may m � n na pangkalahatang posibleng<br />

kinalabasan para sa dalawang pangyayari.<br />

G<br />

geometric probability/geometric probability:<br />

Isang kalamangan na batay sa paghahambing<br />

ng mga sukat ng mga pangheometriyang<br />

pigura.<br />

geometric sequence/geometric sequence:<br />

Isang isina-ayos na listahan ng mga bilang na<br />

ang mga magkakasunod na termino ay may<br />

common ratio (panlahat na pagkakaugnay).<br />

Golden Ratio/Golden Ratio: Isang<br />

pagkakaugnay na humigit-kumulang na<br />

kapareho ng 1.618. Sa isang golden rectangle,<br />

ang pagkakaugnay ng haba sa lapad ay<br />

humigit-kumulang sa 1.618.<br />

graph of an equation/talangguhit ng isang<br />

equation: Isang talangguhit ng pangkat ng<br />

mga isina-ayos na pares na mga kalutasan ng<br />

equation.<br />

great circle/great circle: Isang bilog sa isang<br />

globo kung saan ang patag na naglalaman ng<br />

bilog ay nagdadaan sa sentro ng globo.<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/<br />

pinakamalaking panlahat na sangkap: Ang<br />

pinakamalaking panlahat na sangkap ng<br />

dalawa o higit na ibinigay na mga bilang.<br />

H<br />

height/taas<br />

Sa isang piramido o kono, ang patayong layo<br />

mula sa base hanggang sa tapat na tuktok.<br />

Sa isang tatsulok o apatang-gilid, ang<br />

patayong layo mula sa base hanggang sa<br />

kabilang tuktok o panig.<br />

Sa isang prisma o silindro, ang patayong layo<br />

ng mga base sa isa’t isa.<br />

hemisphere/hemisphere: Isang kalahati ng<br />

isang globo.<br />

heptagon/heptagon: Isang poligon na may<br />

pitong panig.<br />

hexagon/hexagon: Isang poligon na may<br />

anim na panig.<br />

histogram/histogram: Isang talangguhit na<br />

trangka na nagpapakita ng kadalasan ng mga<br />

datos sa loob ng pare-parehong mga patlang.<br />

horizon line/horizon line: Isang pahalang na<br />

guhit na kumakatawan sa nakikita ng isang<br />

taong tumitingin at siyang kapantay ng<br />

kanyang mga mata.<br />

hypotenuse/hypotenuse: Sa isang<br />

triyanggulong ayos, ang panig na nasa kabila<br />

ng anggulong ayos.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 133 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

I<br />

icosahedron/icosahedron: Isang polihedron<br />

na may 20 mukha.<br />

Identity Property of One/Katangiang<br />

Pagpare-pareho ng Isa: Ang katangian na<br />

nagpapahayag na ang kinalabasan ng 1 at<br />

kahit na anong bilang ay ang bilang na iyon.<br />

Identity Property of Zero/Katangiang<br />

Pagpare-pareho ng Sero: Ang katangian na<br />

nagpapahayag na ang kabuuan ng sero at<br />

kahit na anong bilang ay ang bilang na iyon.<br />

if-then statement/kung-samakatuwid na<br />

pahayag: Isang makatwirang pahayag na<br />

gumagamit ng ng if (kung) at then<br />

(samakatuwid) upang ipakita ang kaugnayan<br />

ng dalawang kondisyon.<br />

Halimbawa: Kung pare-pareho ang haba ng<br />

lahat ng panig ng poligon at<br />

pare-pareho ang sukat ng lahat<br />

ng mga anggulo, samakatuwid ay<br />

regular ang poligon.<br />

image/image: Isang pigura na resulta ng isang<br />

pagbabago.<br />

impossible (probability)/hindi posible<br />

(kalamangan): Hinding-hindi maaaring<br />

mangyari; may 0 na kalamangan.


improper fraction/di-wastong hatimbilang:<br />

Isang hatimbilang kung saan ang kabilangan ay<br />

mas malaki o kapareho ng panghatimbilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 5 –<br />

5 , 5 –<br />

3<br />

independent events/mga nagsasariling<br />

pangyayari: Mga pangyayari kung saan ang<br />

kinalabasan ng isang pangyayari ay walang<br />

epekto sa kalamangan ng ibang pangyayari.<br />

indirect measurement/di-tuwirang pagsukat:<br />

Ang paraan ng paggamit ng magkatulad na mga<br />

pigura at mga kasukat upang hanapin ang sukat.<br />

inductive reasoning/inductive reasoning: Ang<br />

paggamit ng isang huwaran upang makapasiya.<br />

inequality/di-pagkakapareho: Isang<br />

pangmatematikang pangungusap na<br />

nagpapakita ng kaugnayan ng mga quantities<br />

(dami) na hindi magkatumbas.<br />

Mga halimbawa: 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

input/input: Ang halaga na ipinapalit sa isang<br />

pagpapahayag o function (gawain).<br />

integers/mga pambuong bilang: Ang<br />

pangkat ng mga buong bilang at ang kanilang<br />

mga kasalungat.<br />

interest/tubo: Ang halaga ng salapi na sinisingil<br />

kapag umuutang o gumagamit ng salapi.<br />

interior angles/mga<br />

panloob na mga anggulo:<br />

Mga anggulo ng panloob<br />

na panig ng dalawang<br />

guhit na hinahati ng isang<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

transversal. Sa diagram, ang �c, �d, �e at �f<br />

ay ang mga panloob na mga anggulo.<br />

interquartile range/interquartile range: Ang<br />

pagkakaiba ng pantaas at pambabang mga<br />

quartile ng isang pangkat ng datos.<br />

intersecting lines/bumabagtas na mga guhit:<br />

Mga guhit na bumabagtas sa iisang tuldok.<br />

intersection (sets)/bagtasan (mga pangkat):<br />

Ang pangkat ng mga elemento na parehong<br />

nakikita sa dalawa o higit pang mga pangkat.<br />

interval/agwat: Ang agwat ng mga markadong<br />

halaga sa isang guhit na pambilang o sa iskala<br />

ng isang talangguhit.<br />

inverse operations/kabaligtad na mga<br />

operasyon: Mga operasyon na nagwawalangbisa<br />

sa isa’t isa: pagdaragdag at pagbawas, o<br />

pagpaparami at paghahati.<br />

inverse variation/kabaligtad na pag-iiba-iba:<br />

Isang relasyon kung saan tumataas ang isang<br />

dami ng bariable habang bumababa naman<br />

ang iba pang dami ng bariable; ang<br />

kinalabasan ng mga bariable ay ang constant<br />

(hindi nagbabago).<br />

irrational number/irrational number: Isang<br />

bilang na hindi maaaring ipahayag bilang<br />

isang pagkakaugnay ng dalawang integer o<br />

bilang isang paulit-ulit o nagtatapos na<br />

panampuan (decimal).<br />

isolate the variable/ihiwalay ang bariable:<br />

Ang paglagay ng isang bariable na nag-iisa sa<br />

isang panig ng equation o inequality upang<br />

malutas ang equation o inequality.<br />

isometric drawing/isometric drawing: Isang<br />

paglalarawan ng isang hugis sa tatlong<br />

dimensiyon na ginuguhit sa isang grid ng mga<br />

triyanggulong parigilid (equilateral triangle).<br />

isosceles triangle/triyanggulong isosiles:<br />

Isang tatsulok na may dalawa man lamang<br />

kongruenteng panig.<br />

K<br />

kite/saranggola: Isang apatang-gilid na may<br />

dalawang pares ng magkatabi na<br />

kongruenteng panig.<br />

L<br />

lateral face/tagilirang mukha: Sa isang prisma<br />

o piramido, isang mukha na hindi base.<br />

lateral surface/tagilirang kalatagan: Sa isang<br />

silindro, ang kurbadang kalatagan na<br />

nagkakabit sa mga pabilog na base, sa isang<br />

kono, ang kurbadang kalatagan na hindi base.<br />

tagilirang<br />

kalatagan<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 134 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


least common denominator (LCD)/<br />

pinakamaliit na panlahat na<br />

panghatimbilang: Ang pinakamaliit na<br />

panlahat na panghatimbilang ng dalawa o<br />

higit pang mga panghatimbilang.<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/pinakamaliit<br />

na panlahat ma multiplo: Ang pinakamaliit<br />

na bilang, maliban sa sero, na multiplo ng<br />

dalawa o higit pa sa dalawang bilang.<br />

legs/mga binti: Sa isang triyanggulong ayos<br />

(right triangle), ang mga panig na may<br />

anggulong ayos; sa isang triyanggulong<br />

isosiles, ang pares ng mga kongruenteng panig.<br />

like fractions/mga magkatulad na<br />

hatimbilang: Mga hatimbilang na may<br />

parehong panghatimbilang.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 5 ––<br />

12 at 3 ––<br />

12 ay mga hatimbilang.<br />

like terms/mga magkatulad na termino:<br />

Dalawa o higit pang mga termino na may<br />

magkaparehong bariable na itinaas sa<br />

parehong antas.<br />

Halimbawa: Sa pahayag na 3a � 5b � 12a,<br />

ang 3a at 12a ay magkatulad na<br />

termino.<br />

line/guhit: Isang deretsong pinagdaraanan na<br />

umaabot nang walang hangganan sa<br />

magkabilang dako.<br />

line graph/talangguhit na guhit: Isang<br />

talangguhit na gumagamit ng mga bahagi ng<br />

guhit upang ipakita kung paano nagbabago<br />

ang datos.<br />

line of best fit/guhit na pinaka-tumatama:<br />

Ang guhit na pinakamalapit sa lahat ng<br />

tuldok sa isang scatter plot.<br />

line plot/guhit na mapa: Isang guhit na<br />

pambilang na may mga marka o tuldok na<br />

nagpapakita ng kadalasan.<br />

line segment/bahagi ng guhit: Isang bahagi<br />

ng isang guhit sa pagitan ng dalawang dulo.<br />

line of reflection/guhit ng pagsasalamin:<br />

Isang guhit kung saan itinitiklop ang isang<br />

pigura upang makagawa ng isang eksaktong<br />

kabaligtaran (mirror image) ng orihinal na<br />

pigura.<br />

line of symmetry/guhit ng simetriya: Isang<br />

ginuguni-guning “salamin” sa isang guhit ng<br />

simetriya.<br />

line symmetry/guhit ng simetriya: Ang isang<br />

pigura ay mayroong line symmetry kapag ang<br />

isang kalahati ay isang eksaktong kabaligtaran<br />

ng kalahati nito.<br />

linear equation/equation sa isang guhit:<br />

Isang equation na ang mga kalutasan ay<br />

bumubuo ng isang tuwid na guhit sa isang<br />

coordinate plane.<br />

linear function/paraang guhit: Isang function<br />

kung saan ang talangguhit ay isang tuwid na<br />

guhit.<br />

linear inequality/hindi magkaparehong<br />

guhit: Isang pangmatematikang pangungusap<br />

na gumagamit ng �, �, � o � na ang<br />

talangguhit ay isang rehiyon na mayroong<br />

straight-line boundary (tuwid na guhit na<br />

hangganan).<br />

lower extreme/mas mababang kaduluhan:<br />

Ang pinakamaliit na bilang sa isang pangkat<br />

ng datos.<br />

lower quartile/mas mababang quartile: Ang<br />

panggitna ng mas mababang kalahati ng<br />

isang pangkat ng datos; tinatawag ding first<br />

quartile (first quartile).<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 135 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

M<br />

mean/mean: Ang kabuuan ng isang pangkat<br />

ng datos na hinahati ng bilang ng mga bagay<br />

sa pangkat ng datos; tinatawag ding<br />

promedyo o average.<br />

measure of central tendency/sukat ng hilig<br />

na mapagitna: Isang sukat na ginagamit<br />

upang ilarawan ang gitna ng pangkat ng<br />

datos; ang mean, median, at mode ay mga<br />

measures of central tendency (sukat ng hilig<br />

na mapagitna).<br />

median/panggitna: Ang panggitnang bilang o<br />

mean (promedyo) ng dalawang panggitnang<br />

bilang sa isang isina-ayos na pangkat ng<br />

datos.


metric system of measurement/metrikong<br />

sistema ng pagsukat: Isang panampuan<br />

(decimal) na sistema ng mga timbang at<br />

sukat na ginagamit sa buong mundo sa<br />

agham at pangkaraniwang gamit.<br />

Halimbawa: Ang sentimetro, metro,<br />

kilometro, gramo, kilogramo,<br />

milimetro, at litro ay lahat na<br />

mga metrikong yunit ng sukat.<br />

midpoint/panggitnang tuldok: Ang tuldok<br />

na naghahati sa isang bahagi ng guhit upang<br />

gawin itong dalawang kongruenteng bahagi<br />

ng guhit.<br />

mixed number/pinaghalong bilang: Isang<br />

bilang na binubuo ng isang buong bilang na<br />

hindi sero at isang hatimbilang.<br />

mode/mode: Ang bilang o mga bilang na<br />

pinakamadalas makita sa isang pangkat ng<br />

datos; kapag pare-pareho ang kadalasan ng<br />

paglabas ng lahat ng mga bilang, sinasabi<br />

natin na walang mode.<br />

monomial/monomial: Isang pahayag sa<br />

bilang o sa alhebra na may isang termino.<br />

Halimbawa: n,5n 2 ,8,�3<br />

Multiplication Property of Equality/<br />

Katangiang Pagpaparami ng Pagkakapareho:<br />

Isang katangian na nagpapahayag na kung<br />

pinarami mo ang dalawang panig ng isang<br />

equation gamit ang parehong bilang,<br />

magiging pareho ang kalutasan ng bagong<br />

equation.<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/Katangiang<br />

Pagpaparami ng Sero: Katangian na<br />

nagpapahayag na para sa lahat ng tunay na<br />

bilang, a, a � 0 � 0 at 0 � a � 0.<br />

multiplicative inverse/kabaligtaran sa<br />

pagpaparami: Ang isang bilang na pinarami sa<br />

kanyang kabaligtaran sa pagpaparami ay<br />

katumbas ng 1; tinatawag ding reciprocal<br />

(katugon).<br />

Halimbawa: ang kabaligtaran sa pagpaparami<br />

ng 4 –<br />

5 ay 5 –<br />

4 .<br />

multiple/multiplo: Ang produkto ng<br />

anumang bilang at isang buong bilang ay<br />

isang multiplo ng bilang na iyon.<br />

mutually exclusive/kapwa tangi: Ang<br />

dalawang pangyayari ay kapwa tangi kung<br />

hindi sila maaaring mangyari sa parehong<br />

pagsusuri ng isang pagsubok.<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/negatibong kaugnayan:<br />

May negatibong kaugnayan ang dalawang<br />

pangkat ng datos kapag ang isang pangkat ng<br />

mga halaga ng datos ay tumataas habang ang<br />

isa naman ay bumababa.<br />

negative integer/negatibong integer: Isang<br />

integer na mas maliit sa sero.<br />

net/net: Isang pagsasaayos ng hugis sa<br />

dalawang dimensiyon na maaaring itiklop<br />

upang makabuo ng isang polihedron.<br />

no correlation/walang kaugnayan: Walang<br />

kaugnayan ang dalawang pangkat ng datos<br />

kapag walang kaugnayan ang kanilang mga<br />

halaga ng datos sa isa’t isa.<br />

nonlinear function/paraan na wala sa guhit:<br />

Isang paraan na ang talangguhit ay hindi<br />

isang tuwid na guhit.<br />

nonterminating decimal/hindi humihintong<br />

panampuan (decimal): Isang panampuan na<br />

walang katapusan.<br />

numerator/kabilangan: Ang bilang sa ibabaw<br />

ng isang hatimbilang na nagsasabi kung ilang<br />

bahagi sa isang buo ang pinag-iisipan.<br />

Halimbawa: 4 – kabilangan<br />

5<br />

numerical expression/pahayag na bilang:<br />

Isang pahayag na naglalaman lamang ng mga<br />

bilang at mga operasyon.<br />

O<br />

obtuse angle/anggulong bika: Isang anggulo<br />

na may sukat na higit sa 90° ngunit hindi<br />

umaabot ng 180°.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 136 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


obtuse triangle/triyanggulong bika: Isang<br />

tatsulok na may isang anggulong bika.<br />

octagon/waluhang-gilid o oktagon: Isang<br />

poligon na may walong panig.<br />

octahedron/octahedron: Isang polihedron na<br />

may walong mukha.<br />

odd number/bilang na may butal kapag<br />

pinagdalawa: Isang buong bilang na hindi<br />

maaaring hatiin ng bilang na dalawa.<br />

odds/kalamangan: Isang paghahambing ng<br />

mga di-salungat na kinalabasan at salungat<br />

na kinalabasan.<br />

odds against/kalamangan laban sa: Ang<br />

pagkakaugnay ng salungat at di-salungat na<br />

mga kinalabasan.<br />

odds in favor/kalamangan para sa: Ang<br />

pagkakaugnay ng mga kanais-nais na mga<br />

kinalabasan sa mga di-kanais-nais na mga<br />

kinalabasan.<br />

opposites/mga kabaligtaran o kasalungat:<br />

Dalawang bilang na may magkaparehong<br />

kalayuan mula sa sero sa isang guhit na<br />

pambilang; tinatawag ding additive inverse<br />

(kabaligtaran ng pagdaragdag).<br />

order of operations/ayos ng mga operasyon:<br />

Isang patakaran upang pahalagahan ang mga<br />

pahayag: gawin muna ang mga operasyon sa<br />

loob ng panaklong, pagkatapos ay kuwentahin<br />

ang mga antas at ugat, pagkatapos ay gawin<br />

ang lahat ng pagpaparami at paghahati mula<br />

kaliwa hangang kanan, at pagkatapos ay<br />

gawin ang lahat ng mga pagdaragdag at<br />

pagbawas mula kaliwa hanggang kanan.<br />

ordered pair/isina-ayos na pares: Isang pares<br />

ng mga bilang na maaaring gamitin upang<br />

makita ang kinalalagyan ng isang tuldok sa<br />

coordinate plane.<br />

origin/pinagmulan: Ang tuldok kung saan<br />

bumabagtas ang x-axis at y-axis sa isang<br />

coordinate plane; (0, 0).<br />

orthographic drawing/ortograpikong<br />

pagguhit: Isang pagguhit ng isang bagay gamit<br />

ang pagtingin mula sa harap, gilid at ibabaw.<br />

outcome (probability)/kinalabasan<br />

(kalamangan): Isang maaaring kinalabasan<br />

resulta ng pagsubok sa kalamangan.<br />

outlier/outlier: Ang halaga na talagang mas<br />

malaki o talagang mas maliit sa mga iba sa<br />

isang pangkat ng mga datos.<br />

output/output: Ang halaga na resulta ng<br />

isang pagpapalit ng isang ibinigay na input sa<br />

isang pahayag o function (gawain).<br />

overestimate/sobra ng kalkula: Isang<br />

pagkalkula na higit kaysa sa tamang sagot.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 137 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

P<br />

parabola/parabola: Ang talangguhit ng isang<br />

quadratic function.<br />

parallel lines/magkahilerang guhit: Mga<br />

guhit sa isang patag na hindi bumabagtas.<br />

parallelogram/paralelogramo: Isang<br />

apatang-gilid na may dalawang pares ng<br />

magkahilerang panig.<br />

Pascal’s triangle/tatsulok ni Pascal: Isang<br />

tatsulok na pagsasa-ayos ng mga bilang kung<br />

saan ang bawa’t hilera ay nag-uumpisa at<br />

nagtatapos sa 1 at ang bawa’t ikalawang<br />

bilang ay ang kabuuan ng dalawang bilang sa<br />

ibabaw nito.<br />

pentagon/limahang-gilid: Isang poligon na<br />

may limang panig.<br />

percent/porsiyento: Ang proporsiyon na<br />

naghahambing ng isang bilang sa 100.<br />

Halimbawa: 45% � 45 –––<br />

100<br />

percent of change/porsiyento ng pagpbabago:<br />

Ang halaga na ipinapahayag bilang porsiyento<br />

ng pagtaas o pagbaba ng isang bilang.<br />

percent of decrease/porsiyento ng pagbaba:<br />

Isang porsiyento ng pagbabago na<br />

naglalarawan ng pagbawas sa dami.<br />

percent of increase/porsyento ng pagtaas:<br />

Porsiyento ng pagbabago na naglalarawan ng<br />

pagtaas ng dami.


perfect square/perfect square: Ang parirami<br />

ng isang buong bilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 5 � 5 � 25 at 7 2 � 49; ang 25 at<br />

49 ay perfect squares.<br />

perimeter/perimetro: Ang haba paikot sa<br />

isang poligon.<br />

permutation/permutation: Ang pagsasa-ayos<br />

ng mga bagay o pangyayari kung saan<br />

mahalaga ang pagsasa-ayos.<br />

perpendicular bisector/patayong panghati:<br />

Isang guhit na bumabagtas sa gitna ng isang<br />

bahagi at patayo sa bahagi.<br />

perpendicular lines/mga<br />

patayong guhit: Mga guhit na<br />

bumabagtas upang makabuo<br />

ng mga anggulong ayos.<br />

perspective/perspektibo: Isang paraan na<br />

ginagamit upang gawing magmukhang may<br />

lalim at layo sa isang patag na kalatagan ang<br />

mga hugis sa tatlong dimensiyon.<br />

pi (�)/pi (�): Ang pagkakaugnay ng kabilugan<br />

ng isang bilog sa haba ng kanyang diyametro;<br />

� � 3.14 o 22 ––<br />

7 .<br />

plane/patag: Isang patag na kalatagan na<br />

walang katapusan.<br />

Platonic solids/platonic solids: Ang limang<br />

regular na mga polihedron: tetrahedron, cube,<br />

octahedron, dodecahedron, at icosahedron.<br />

point/tuldok: Isang eksaktong lugar sa<br />

kalawakan.<br />

point-slope form/anyo na tuldok-libis: Ang<br />

equation ng isang guhit sa anyo na<br />

y � y1 � m(x � x1 ), kung saan ang m ay ang<br />

slope at ang (x1 , y1 ) ay isang tanging tuldok sa<br />

guhit.<br />

point symmetry/simetriya ng tuldok: Ang<br />

isang hugis ay may point symmetry kapag ito<br />

ay kapareho ng kanyang sarili matapos<br />

paikutin nang 180°.<br />

polygon/poligon: Isang saradong patag na<br />

hugis na binubuo ng tatlo o higit pang bahagi<br />

ng guhit na bumabagtas lamang sa kanilang<br />

mga tuktok.<br />

polyhedron/polihedron: Isang hugis sa<br />

tatlong dimensiyon kung saan ang lahat ng<br />

mga kalatagan o mukha ay mga poligon.<br />

polynomial/polynomial: Isang pagpapahayag<br />

sa alhebra na siyang kabuuan o kaibhan ng<br />

dalawa o higit pang mga termino.<br />

population/populasyon: Ang buong pangkat<br />

ng mga bagay o mga tao na pinag-iisipan<br />

para sa isang pagsisiyasat.<br />

positive correlation/positibong kaugnayan:<br />

Ang dalawang pangkat ng mga datos ay may<br />

positibong kaugnayan kapag ang kanilang<br />

mga halaga ng datos ay tumataas o bumababa<br />

nang magkasabay.<br />

positive integer/positibong integer: Isang<br />

integer na higit sa sero.<br />

power/power: Isang bilang na nakukuha<br />

kapag itinaas ang base sa isang eksponente.<br />

Halimbawa: 2 3 � 8, kaya’t ang 8 ay ang<br />

pangatlong antas ng 2.<br />

precision/katiyakan: Ang antas ng detalye ng<br />

isang sukat, itinakda ng yunit ng pagsukat.<br />

prediction/hula: Bagay na maaaring<br />

mangyari sa kinabukasan.<br />

prime factorization/prime factorization:<br />

Isang bilang na isinulat bilang kinalabasan ng<br />

kanyang mga prime factor.<br />

Halimbawa: 10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 2 3 � 3<br />

prime number/Gansal na bilang: Isang<br />

buong bilang na higit sa 1 na may ganap na<br />

dalawang sangkap, ang kanyang sarili at ang 1.<br />

principal/puhunan: Ang kauna-unahang<br />

halaga ng salapi na hiniram o inipon.<br />

principal square root/pangunahing pariugat:<br />

Ang hindi negatibong pariugat ng isang bilang.<br />

Halimbawa: ��25 � 5. Ang 5 ay ang<br />

pangunahing pariugat.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 138 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


prism/prisma: Isang polihedron na may<br />

dalawang kongruenteng base na hugis<br />

poligon at iba pang mga mukha na lahat ay<br />

mga paralelogramo.<br />

probability/kalamangan: Isang bilang mula 0<br />

hanggang 1 (o 0% hanggang 100%) na<br />

naglalarawan kung gaano kalamang<br />

mangyayari ang isang pangyayari.<br />

product/kinalabasan: Ang resulta kapag<br />

pinarami ang dalawa o higit pang mga bilang.<br />

proper fraction/angkop na hatimbilang:<br />

Isang hatimbilang kung saan ang kabilangan<br />

ay mas maliit sa panghatimbilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 3 –<br />

4 , 1 ––<br />

12 , 7 –<br />

8<br />

proportion/proporsiyon: Isang equation na<br />

nagpapahayag na magkatumbas ang<br />

dalawang pagkakaugnay.<br />

protractor/protractor: Isang kagamitan na<br />

panukat ng mga anggulo.<br />

pyramid/piramido: Isang<br />

polihedron na may poligon<br />

na base at hugis-tatsulok na<br />

mga panig na nagsasalubong<br />

lahat sa iisang tuktok.<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/Pythagorean<br />

Theorem: Sa isang right triangle, ang square<br />

(pagmultiplika sa sarili) ng haba ng<br />

hypotenuse ay katumbas ng kabuuan ng<br />

kabuuan ng mga square ng mga haba ng mga<br />

binti.<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/quadrant: Hinahati ng x- at y-axes<br />

ang coordinate plane sa apat na rehiyon. Ang<br />

bawa’t rehiyon ay tinatawag na quadrant.<br />

quadratic equation/quadratic equation:<br />

Isang equation sa anyo na ax 2 � bx � c � 0,<br />

kung saan ang a � 0.<br />

quadratic function/quadratic function:<br />

Isang function sa anyo na y � ax 2 � bx � c,<br />

kung saan ang a � 0.<br />

Halimbawa: y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y � �3x 2<br />

quadrilateral/apatang-gilid: Isang poligon na<br />

may apat na panig.<br />

quarterly/tuwing 3 buwan: Apat na beses sa<br />

isang taon.<br />

quartile/quartile: Tatlong halaga, na ang isa ay<br />

ang median na nagbabahagi sa isang pangkat<br />

ng datos upang gawin itong apat na bahagi.<br />

Tingnan din ang first quartile (first quartile),<br />

third quartile (third quartile).<br />

quotient/kinalabasan ng paghahati: Ang<br />

resulta kapag ang isang bilang ay hinati ng isa<br />

pang bilang.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 139 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/radical symbol:Ang simbolo<br />

��na ginagamit upang ilarawan ang hindi<br />

negatibong pariugat ng isang<br />

bilang.<br />

radius/radyo: Isang bahagi<br />

ng guhit na ang isang dulo ay<br />

nasa sentro ng bilog at ang<br />

kabilang dulo ay nasa bilog o nasa haba ng<br />

bahagi na ito.<br />

random numbers/mga pasumalang bilang:<br />

Sa isang pangkat ng mga pasumalang bilang,<br />

ang bawa’t bilang ay may parehong<br />

pagkakataong mapili.<br />

random sample/sapalarang paghugot ng<br />

mga gagamiting batayan sa pagsusuri: Isang<br />

sample kung saan ang bawa’t tao o bagay sa<br />

buong populasyon ay may parehong<br />

pagkakataon na mapili.<br />

range (in statistics)/agwat (sa estadistika):<br />

Ang pagkakaiba ng pinakamalaki at<br />

pinakamaliit na mga halaga sa isang pangkat<br />

ng datos.<br />

range (in a function)/Hanay (sa isang<br />

gawain): Ang pangkat ng lahat ng mga<br />

posibleng halaga ng isang gawain.


ate/halaga: Isang pagkakaugnay na<br />

naghahambing ng dalawang dami na sinukat<br />

gamit ang magkakaibang yunit.<br />

Halimbawa: Ang hangganan ng tulin ay<br />

55 miles bawa’t oras, o 55 mi/h.<br />

rate of interest/halaga ng tubo: Ang<br />

porsiyento na siningil o kinita para sa isang<br />

halaga ng salapi; tingnan ang simple interest<br />

(simpleng tubo).<br />

ratio/pagkakaugnay: Isang paghambing ng<br />

dalawang dami sa pamamagitan ng<br />

pagbabahagi.<br />

Halimbawa: 12 hanggang 25, 12:25, 12 ––<br />

25<br />

rational number/rational number: Anumang<br />

bilang na maaaring ipahayag bilang<br />

panumbasan ng dalawang integer.<br />

Halimbawa: Ang 6ay maaaring ipahayag<br />

bilang 6 –<br />

1 at ang 0.5 bilang 1 –<br />

2 .<br />

ray/rayo: Isang bahagi ng isang guhit na<br />

nagsisimula sa isang dulo at nagpapatuloy<br />

nang walang katapusan.<br />

real number/tunay na bilang: Isang rational<br />

o irrational na bilang.<br />

reciprocal/katugon: Isa sa dalawang bilang na<br />

ang kinalabasan ng pagpaparami ay 1;<br />

tinatawag ding multiplicative inverse<br />

(kabaligtaran sa pagpaparami).<br />

Halimbawa: Ang reciprocal ng 2 –<br />

3 ay 3 –<br />

2 .<br />

Ang reciprocal ng n ay 1 n<br />

– .<br />

rectangle/rektanggulo: Isang paralelogramo<br />

na may apat na anggulong ayos.<br />

rectangular prism/<br />

rektanggulong prisma:<br />

Isang polihedron na ang<br />

mga base ay mga<br />

rektanggulo at ang mga<br />

mukha ay paralelogram.<br />

reduction/pagbawas: Isang pagbawas sa laki<br />

ng lahat ng mga sukat.<br />

reflection/pagsasalamin: Isang pagbabago ng<br />

isang pigura na nag-iikot ng pigura sa isang<br />

guhit.<br />

regular pyramid/regular na piramido: Isang<br />

piramido na ang base ay regular na poligon at<br />

kongruente lahat ng mga tagilirang mukha.<br />

regular polygon/regular na poligon: Isang<br />

poligon na may mga kongruenteng panig at<br />

mga anggulo.<br />

regular tessellation/regular tessellation:<br />

Isang tessellation na binubuo sa pamamagitan<br />

ng paggamit ng mga regular na poligon.<br />

relatively prime/relatively prime: Relatively<br />

prime ang dalawang bilang kapag 1 ang<br />

kanilang pinakamalaking panlahat na<br />

sangkap (GCF).<br />

Halimbawa: Ang 7 at 15 ay relatively prime.<br />

repeating decimal/paulit-ulit na panampuan<br />

(decimal): Isang panampuan kung saan<br />

paulit-ulit nang walang katapusan ang isa o<br />

higit pang mga tambilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 0.757575… � 0.75 ���<br />

rhombus/rhombus: Isang paralelogram na<br />

ang lahat ng panig ay pare-pareho.<br />

right angle/anggulong ayos (anggulong<br />

kwadrado): Isang anggulo na ang sukat ay 90°.<br />

right cylinder/right cylinder: Isang silindro<br />

kung saan ang mga base ay nakahanay na<br />

mga bilog na patayo sa tagiliran ng silindro.<br />

right cone/right cone: Isang kono kung saan<br />

ang isang guhit mula base hanggang dulo<br />

(tuktok) ay dumaraan sa sentro ng base.<br />

right triangle/triyanggulong ayos: Isang<br />

tatsulok na may anggulong ayos.<br />

rise/pagtaas: Ang patayong pagbabago kapag<br />

ang libis ng isang guhit ay ipinapahayag<br />

bilang panumbasan na rise , o “rise over run”.<br />

run<br />

rotation/pag-ikot: Isang pagbabago kung<br />

saan ang isang pigura ay pina-iikot sa isang<br />

tuldok.<br />

rotational symmetry/paikot na simetriya:<br />

Ang isang pigura ay may rotational symmetry<br />

kung ito ay mapapaikot nang hindi lalampas<br />

ng 360° sa isang sentrong tuldok at ito ay<br />

hindi mag-iiba sa orihinal na pigura.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 140 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


ounding/tantiyahin sa pinakamalapit na<br />

bilang: Ang pagpalit ng isang bilang gamit<br />

ang pagtantiya ng bilang na iyon sa isang<br />

itinakdang place value.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 2,354, tinantiya sa<br />

pinakamalapit na libo, ay 2,000,<br />

at 2,354, tinantiya sa<br />

pinakamalapit na 100, ay 2,400.<br />

run/run: Ang pahalang na pagbabago kapag<br />

ang libis ng isang guhit ay pinahayag bilang<br />

pagkakaugnay na rise , o “rise over run”.<br />

run<br />

S<br />

sales tax/buwis sa bilihin: Porsiyento ng<br />

halaga ng isang bagay na siyang sinisingil ng<br />

mga gobyerno upang makakuha ng pera.<br />

sample/sample: Isang bahagi ng populasyon.<br />

sample space/sample space: Lahat ng<br />

maaaring kalabasan ng isang pagsubok.<br />

scale/iskala: Ang panumbasan ng dalawang<br />

pangkat ng mga sukat sa isa’t isa.<br />

scale drawing/guhit sa iskala: Isang guhit na<br />

gumagamit ng isang iskala upang gawing mas<br />

maliit (pagbawas) o mas malaki (paglaki) ang<br />

isang totoong bagay.<br />

scale factor/sangkap na iskala: Ang<br />

pagkakaugnay na ginamit upang palakihin o<br />

paliitin ang mga magkatulad na pigura.<br />

scale model/scale model: Isang proporsyonal<br />

na huwaran ng isang hugis sa tatlong<br />

dimensiyon.<br />

scalene triangle/triyanggulong iskalino:<br />

Isang tatsulok na walang kongruenteng<br />

panig.<br />

scatter plot/scatter plot: Isang talangguhit na<br />

may mga tuldok na nakamapa upang ipakita<br />

ang posibleng kaugnayan ng dalawang<br />

pangkat ng datos sa isa’t isa.<br />

scientific notation/scientific notation: Isang<br />

paraan ng pagsulat ng napakalaki o<br />

napakaliliit na mga bilang gamit ang mga<br />

antas ng 10.<br />

second differences/pangalawang pagkakaiba:<br />

Isang pagkakasunud-sunod na binuo mula sa<br />

pagkakaiba ng mga pagkakaiba ng mga<br />

termino ng pagkakasunud-sunod sa isa’t isa.<br />

second quartile/second quartile: Ang<br />

panggitna ng isang pangkat ng datos.<br />

sector/sector: Isang rehiyon na pinaligiran ng<br />

dalawang radyo at ng arko, at pinagdurugtong<br />

ang kanyang mga dulo.<br />

sector (data)/sector (data): Isang bahagi ng<br />

talangguhit ng bilog na kumakatawan sa<br />

bahagi ng pangkat ng datos.<br />

segment/bahagi: Isang bahagi ng guhit sa<br />

pagitan ng dalawang dulo.<br />

semiregular tessellation/semiregular<br />

tessellation: Isang tessellation na binuo ng<br />

dalawa o higit pang regular na mga poligon<br />

kung saan ang bawa’t tuktok ay magkapareho.<br />

sequence/pagkakasunud-sunod: Isang isinaayos<br />

na listahan ng mga bilang.<br />

set/pangkat: Isang pangkat ng mga bagay.<br />

side/panig: Isang guhit na nakahangganan o<br />

nakadikit sa isang pangheometriyang pigura;<br />

isa sa mga mukha na bumubuo ng panlabas<br />

ng isang bagay.<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/Side-Angle-Side<br />

(SAS): Patakaran na nagpapahayag na kung<br />

ang dalawang panig at ang kasamang anggulo<br />

ng isang tatsulok ay kongruente sa dalawang<br />

panig at ang kasamang anggulo ng isa pang<br />

tatsulok, kongruente ang mga tatsulok.<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/Side-Side-Side (SSS):<br />

Patakaran na nagpapahayag na kung ang<br />

tatlong panig ng isang tatsulok ay kapareho<br />

ng tatlong panig ng isa pang tatsulok, ang<br />

mga tatsulok ay magkapareho.<br />

significant digits/significant digits: Mga<br />

tambilang (pigura) na ginagamit upang<br />

ipahayag ang kawastuhan ng isang pagsukat.<br />

similar/magkatulad: Mga pigura na may<br />

parehong hugis ngunit hindi kinakailangang<br />

magkasing laki.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 141 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


simple interest/simpleng tubo: Takdang<br />

porsiyento ng puhunan. Ito ay nakukuha<br />

gamit ang pormulang I � prt, kung saan ang<br />

p ay ang puhunan, ang r ay ang halaga ng<br />

tubo, at ang t ay ang panahon.<br />

simplest form/pinakapayak na anyo: Ang<br />

hatimbilang ay nasa pinakapayak na anyo<br />

kapag ang kabilangan at panghatimbilang<br />

ay walang ibang sangkap na panlahat maliban<br />

sa 1.<br />

simplify/gawing payak: Ang pagsulat ng<br />

isang hatimbilang o pahayag sa pinakapayak<br />

na anyo.<br />

simulation/paggaya: Modelo ng isang<br />

pagsubok, kadalasan ay masyadong mahirap o<br />

masyadong matagal ito gawin talaga.<br />

sine (sin)/sine (sin): Sa isang triyanggulong<br />

ayos, ang pagkakaugnay ng haba ng panig na<br />

nasa kabila ng isang anggulong kipot sa haba<br />

ng hypotenuse.<br />

skew lines/skew lines: Mga guhit na nasa<br />

magkakaibang patag na hindi magkahilera at<br />

hindi nagbabagtas.<br />

slant height/slant height: Ang layo mula sa<br />

base ng isang kono hanggang sa kanyang<br />

tuktok, sinukat sa kanyang kahabaan ng labas<br />

sa gilid.<br />

slope/gulod: Sukat ng katarikan ng isang<br />

guhit sa isang talangguhit; ang rise na<br />

binahagi ng run.<br />

slope-intercept form/slope-intercept form:<br />

Isang linear equation na sinulat sa anyong<br />

y � mx � b, kung saan ang m ray ang slope at<br />

ang b ay ang y intercept.<br />

solid figure/buong hugis: Isang hugis sa<br />

tatlong dimensiyon.<br />

solution of an equation/kalutasan ng isang<br />

equation: Halaga o mga halaga na<br />

nagpapatotoo sa isang equation.<br />

solution of an inequality/kalutasan ng isang<br />

di-pagkakapareho: Halaga o mga halaga na<br />

nagpapatotoo sa isang inequality.<br />

solution of a system of equations/kalutasan<br />

ng isang sistema ng equation: Isang pangkat<br />

ng mga halaga na nagpapatotoo sa lahat ng<br />

mga equation sa isang sistema.<br />

solution set/pangkat ng kalutasan: Pangkat<br />

ng mga halaga na nagpapatotoo sa isang<br />

pahayag.<br />

solve/lutasin: Humanap ng sagot o isang<br />

kalutasan.<br />

space figure/space figure: Isang hugis sa<br />

tatlong dimensiyon.<br />

sphere/globo: Isang hugis sa tatlong<br />

dimensiyon na ang lahat ng tuldok ay parepareho<br />

ang layo mula sa sentro.<br />

square (geometry)/parisukat (heometriya):<br />

Isang rektanggulo na may apat na<br />

magkaparehong panig.<br />

square (numeration)/parirami (ng isang<br />

bilang): Isang bilang na itinaas sa ikalawang<br />

antas.<br />

Halimbawa: Sa 5 2 , ang bilang na 5 ay<br />

ginawang parirami.<br />

square number/pariraming bilang: Ang<br />

kinalabasan ng pagpaparami ng isang bilang<br />

at ng kanyang sarili.<br />

Halimbawa: ang 25 ay isang pariraming<br />

bilang. 5 � 5 � 25<br />

square root/pariugat: Isa sa dalawang<br />

magkaparehong sangkap ng isang bilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 16 � 4 � 4, o 16 ��4 ��4, kaya’t ang 4 at �4 ay mga<br />

pariugat ng 16.<br />

standard form (in numeration)/karaniwang<br />

porma (sa pagbibilang): Isang bilang na<br />

sinulat gamit ang mga tambilang.<br />

Halimbawa: Ang limang libo, dalawang daan<br />

at sampo sa karaniwang anyo ay<br />

5,210.<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/stem-and-leaf plot: Isang<br />

talangguhit na ginagamit upang ayusin at<br />

ipakita ang mga datos upang maihambing ang<br />

mga kadalasan.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 142 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


straight angle/tuwid na anggulo: Isang<br />

anggulo na may sukat na 180°.<br />

stratified sample/stratified sample: Isang<br />

halimbawa ng populasyon na pinaghati-hati<br />

pa sa iba pang mga subgroup (maliliit na<br />

mga pangkat).<br />

subset/subset: Isang pangkat na nasa loob ng<br />

isa pang pangkat.<br />

substitute/palitan: Ang pagpapalit sa isang<br />

bariable gamit ang isang bilang o iba pang<br />

pahayag sa isang pangalhebrang pahayag.<br />

Subtraction Property of Equality/<br />

Katangiang Pagbawas ng Di-pagkakapareho:<br />

Ang katangian na nagpapahayag na kung<br />

ibabawas mo ang parehong bilang sa<br />

magkabilang panig ng isang equation,<br />

magiging pareho ang kalutasan ng bagong<br />

equation.<br />

sum/kabuuan: Ang resulta kapag pinagsama<br />

ang dalawa o higit pang mga bilang.<br />

supplementary angles/supplementary<br />

angles: Dalawang anggulo na ang<br />

pinagsamang mga sukat ay 180°.<br />

surface area/lawak ng kalatagan: Ang<br />

kabuuan ng mga lawak ng mga mukha, o<br />

labas, ng isang hugis sa tatlong dimensiyon.<br />

system of equations/system of equations:<br />

Isang pangkat ng dalawa o higit pang mga<br />

equation na naglalaman ng dalawa o higit<br />

pang mga bariable.<br />

system of linear equations/system of linear<br />

equations: Dalawa o higit pang mga linear<br />

equation na tinalangguhit sa parehong<br />

coordinate plane.<br />

systematic sample/systematic sample: Isang<br />

halimbawa ng isang populasyon na pinili<br />

gamit ang isang huwaran.<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/tangent (tan): Sa isang<br />

triyanggulong ayos, ang pagkakaugnay ng<br />

haba ng panig sa harap ng isang anggulong<br />

kipot sa haba ng panig na katabi ng<br />

anggulong kipot na iyon.<br />

tangent (to a circle)/tangent (to a circle):<br />

Isang guhit na nakadikit sa isa lamang tuldok<br />

sa bilog.<br />

term (in an expression)/termino (sa isang<br />

pahayag): Ang mga bahagi ng isang pahayag<br />

na pinagsasama o binabawas.<br />

Halimbawa: Ang 5x 2 ay isang pahayag na may<br />

isang termino, ang �10 ay isang<br />

pahayag na may isang termino, at<br />

ang x � 1 ay isang pahayag na<br />

may dalawang termino.<br />

term (in a sequence)/termino (sa isang<br />

pagkakasunud-sunod): Isang elemento o<br />

bilang sa isang pagkakasunud-sunod.<br />

terminating decimal/terminating decimal:<br />

Isang panampuan na bilang na humihinto o<br />

may katapusan.<br />

Halimbawa: 6.75<br />

tessellation/tessellation: Isang paulit-ulit na<br />

huwaran ng mga pigura ng patag na ganap na<br />

sumasaklaw ng isang patag nang walang mga<br />

puwang o overlap (pagsanib).<br />

tetrahedron/tetrahedron: Isang polihedron<br />

na may apat na mukha.<br />

theoretical probability/theoretical<br />

probability: Ang pagkakaugnay ng mga<br />

bilang ng magkasing malamang na mga<br />

kinalabasan sa isang pangyayari sa kabuuan<br />

ng mga maaaring kinalabasan.<br />

third quartile/third quartile: Ang panggitna<br />

ng nasa itaas na kalahati ng pangkat ng datos;<br />

tinatawag ding upper quartile (upper quartile).<br />

tip/tip: Ang halaga ng salapi na idinaragdag<br />

sa isang kwenta para sa serbisyo; karaniwan<br />

ay porsiyento ito ng kwenta.<br />

transformation/pagbabago: Pagbabago sa<br />

laki o lugar ng isang pigura.<br />

translation/translation: Isang pagkilos<br />

(padulas) ng isang pigura sa isang tuwid na<br />

guhit.<br />

transversal/transversal: Isang guhit na<br />

bumabagtas sa dalawa o higit pang mga<br />

guhit.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 143 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


trapezoid/trapezoid: Isang apatang-gilid na<br />

may ganap na isang pares ng magkahanay na<br />

panig.<br />

tree diagram/tree diagram: Isang sumasangay<br />

na diagram na nagpapakita ng lahat ng mga<br />

posibleng kombinasyon o mga kinalabasan ng<br />

isang pangyayari.<br />

trial/trial: Sa kalamangan, isang ulit o<br />

pagmamasid ng isang pagsubok.<br />

triangle/triyanggulo: Isang poligon na may<br />

tatlong panig.<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/Triangle Sum<br />

Theorem: Ang teorema (palagay) na<br />

nagpapahayag na ang kabuuan ng mga sukat<br />

ng mga anggulo sa isang tatsulok ay 180°.<br />

triangular prism/<br />

triyanggulong prisma:<br />

Isang polihedron na ang<br />

mga base ay mga tatsulok<br />

at ang ibang mga mukha<br />

ay mga paralelogram.<br />

trigonometric ratios/trigonometric ratios:<br />

Ang mga pagkakaugnay na naghahambing ng<br />

mga haba ng mga panig ng isang<br />

triyanggulong ayos; ang mga parehong<br />

pagkakaugnay ay ang tangent, sine, at cosine.<br />

U<br />

unbiased sample/walang kinikilingan na<br />

sample: Walang kinikilingan ang isang<br />

halimbawa kapag ang bawat tao sa<br />

populasyon ay may pare-parehong<br />

pagkakataon na mapili.<br />

underestimate/kulang sa pagtantiya: Isang<br />

pagtantiya na mas mababa sa tamang sagot<br />

union/unyon: Ang pangkat ng lahat ng mga<br />

elemento na kaanib ng dalawa o higit pang<br />

mga pangkat.<br />

unit conversion/unit conversion: Ang paraan<br />

ng pagpalit ng isang yunit ng pagsukat sa<br />

ibang yunit ng pagsukat.<br />

unit conversion factor/unit conversion factor:<br />

Isang hatimbilang na ginagamit sa isang<br />

pagpalit ng yunit kung saan kinakatawan ng<br />

kabilangan at panghatimbilang ang parehong<br />

halaga ngunit sila’y nasa magkaibang mga<br />

yunit.<br />

60 min 1 hr<br />

Halimbawa: o<br />

1 hr 60 min<br />

unit price/halaga ng isa: Isang kabayaran ng<br />

yunit na ginagamit upang ihambing ang mga<br />

presyo.<br />

unit rate/rate bawat yunit: Isang rate kung<br />

saan ang pangalawang dami sa isang<br />

paghahambing ay isang yunit.<br />

Halimbawa: 10 cm bawat minuto<br />

unlike fractions/hindi magkatulad na mga<br />

hatimbilang: Mga hatimbilang na may iba’t<br />

ibang panghatimbilang.<br />

Halimbawa: 3 –<br />

4 at 1 –<br />

2 ay hindi magkatulad na<br />

mga hatimbilang.<br />

upper extreme/pang-itaas na kaduluhan:<br />

Ang pinakamalaking bilang sa isang pangkat<br />

ng datos.<br />

upper quartile/upper quartile: Ang panggitna<br />

ng pang-itaas na kalahati ng isang pangkat ng<br />

datos; tinatawag ding third quartile (third<br />

quartile).<br />

V<br />

vanishing point/vanishing point: Sa isang<br />

perspective drawing, isang tuldok kung saan<br />

nagtatagpo ang mga guhit na paalis mula sa<br />

tumitingin.<br />

variability/pag-iiba-iba: Ang lawak ng mga<br />

halaga sa isang pangkat ng datos.<br />

variable/bariable: Isang simbolo na<br />

ginagamit upang katawanin ang dami na<br />

maaaring maiba.<br />

Venn diagram/venn diagram: Isang diagram<br />

na ginagamit upang ipakita ang mga<br />

kaugnayan ng mga pangkat sa isa’t isa.<br />

verbal expression/verbal expression: Isang<br />

salita o parirala.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 144 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


vertex/tuktok: Sa isang anggulo o poligon,<br />

ang tuldok kung saan bumabagtas ang<br />

dalawang panig; sa isang polihedron, ang<br />

binabagtasan ng tatlo o higit pang mga panig;<br />

sa isang kono o piramido, ang tuldok sa<br />

ibabaw.<br />

vertical angles/mga<br />

b<br />

patayong anggulo:<br />

a c<br />

Isang pares ng<br />

d<br />

magkabilaang<br />

kongruente na anggulo na binuo ng mga<br />

nagbabagtas na guhit; sa diagram, ang<br />

�a at �c ay kongruente at ang �b at �d<br />

say kongruente.<br />

volume/laman o saklaw: Ang mga bilang ng<br />

cubic units na kinakailangan upang punuin<br />

ang isang takdang puwang.<br />

W<br />

withholding tax/withholding tax: Bawas sa<br />

kinikita ng isang tao bilang paunang bayad<br />

para sa buwis sa kinikita.<br />

X<br />

x-axis/x-axis: Ang pahalang na axis sa isang<br />

coordinate plane.<br />

x-coordinate/x-coordinate: Ang unang<br />

bilang sa isang isina-ayos na pares; ibinibigay<br />

ang layo na ikikilos sa kanan o kaliwa mula sa<br />

pinagmulan (0, 0).<br />

Halimbawa: Ang 5 ay ang x-coordinate sa<br />

(5, 3).<br />

x-intercept/x-intercept: Ang x-coordinate ng<br />

tuldok kung saan ang talangguhit ng isang<br />

guhit ay tumatawid sa x-axis.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 145 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

Y<br />

y-axis/y-axis: Ang patayong axis sa isang<br />

coordinate plane.<br />

y-coordinate/y-coordinate: Ang pangalawang<br />

bilang sa isang isina-ayos na pares; ibinibigay<br />

ang layo na ikikilos sa taas o baba mula sa<br />

pinagmulan (0, 0).<br />

Halimbawa: Ang 3 ay ang y-coordinate sa<br />

(5, 3).<br />

y-intercept/y-intercept: Ang y-coordinate ng<br />

tuldok kung saan ang talangguhit ng isang<br />

guhit ay tumatawid sa y-axis.<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/sero na pares: Isang bilang at ang<br />

kanyang kabaligtaran, na ang kabuuan ay 0.<br />

Halimbawa: 18 at –18


A<br />

absolute value/giaù trò tuyeät ñoái: Khoaûng<br />

caùch töø moät soá ñeán soá 0 treân truïc soá, ñöôïc kyù<br />

hieäu laø ��.<br />

Ví duï: � �5 � � 5.<br />

accuracy/ñoä chính xaùc: Ñoä gaàn caän giöõa moät<br />

soá ño hoaëc giaù trò cho saün vôùi soá ño hoaëc giaù<br />

trò thöïc teá cuûa noù.<br />

acute angle/goùc nhoïn: Moät goùc coù soá ño nhoû<br />

hôn 90°.<br />

acute triangle/tam giaùc nhoïn: Moät tam giaùc<br />

maø taát caû caùc goùc nhoû hôn 90°.<br />

addend/soá haïng: Moät soá ñöôïc coäng vaøo moät<br />

hay nhieàu soá khaùc ñeå taïo thaønh moät toång. Ví<br />

duï trong pheùp tính 4 � 6 � 7 thì 4, 6 vaø 7 laø<br />

caùc soá haïng.<br />

Addition Property of Equality/Quy Taéc<br />

Coäng Ñeàu Cuûa Ñaúng Thöùc: Quy taéc noùi raèng<br />

neáu ta theâm cuøng moät soá vaøo hai veá cuûa moät<br />

phöông trình thì phöông trình môùi naøy coù<br />

cuøng nghieäm vôùi phöông trình cuõ.<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/Ñaëc tính<br />

coäng caùc soá ñoái nhau: Nguyeân taéc noùi raèng<br />

toång cuûa moät soá vôùi moät soá ñoái thì baèng 0.<br />

Ví duï: 12 � (�12) � 0<br />

additive inverse/soá traùi daáu; soá ñoái: Soá traùi<br />

daáu cuûa moät soá.<br />

Ví duï: Soá traùi daáu cuûa 6 laø �6.<br />

adjacent angles/goùc keà:<br />

Caùc goùc treân cuøng moät<br />

b<br />

a<br />

maët phaúng coù chung moät<br />

ñænh vaø moät caïnh.<br />

algebraic expression/bieåu thöùc ñaïi soá: Moät<br />

bieåu thöùc trong ñoù coù ít nhaát moät bieán soá.<br />

Ví duï: x � 8; 4(m � b)<br />

algebraic inequality/baát ñaúng thöùc ñaïi soá:<br />

Moät baát ñaúng thöùc trong ñoù coù ít nhaát moät<br />

bieán soá.<br />

Ví duï: x � 3 � 10; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/<br />

goùc so le ngoaøi: Moät caëp<br />

goùc ñöôïc taïo thaønh bôûi hai<br />

a b<br />

ñöôøng thaúng vaø moät ñöôøng<br />

thaúng thöù ba caét hai ñöôøng<br />

c d<br />

thaúng ñoù. Trong hình veõ, caùc caëp goùc so le<br />

ngoaøi laø �a vaø �d vaø �b vaø �c.<br />

alternate interior angles/<br />

goùc so le trong: Moät caëp<br />

r s<br />

goùc ñöôïc taïo thaønh bôûi hai<br />

ñöôøng thaúng vaø moät ñöôøng<br />

thaúng thöù ba caét hai ñöôøng<br />

t v<br />

thaúng ñoù. Trong hình veõ, caùc caëp goùc so le<br />

trong laø �r vaø �v vaø �s vaø �t.<br />

altitude/ñöôøng cao: Ñöôøng thaúng vuoâng goùc<br />

töø moät ñænh cuûa moät ña giaùc ñeán caïnh ñaùy ñoái<br />

dieän vôùi ñænh (hoaëc ñöôøng thaúng truøng vôùi<br />

caïnh ñaùy ñoù).<br />

angle/goùc: Moät hình ñöôïc taïo ra bôûi hai tia coù<br />

cuøng moät ñieåm goác, ñieåm goác ñoù ñöôïc goïi laø<br />

ñænh.<br />

angle bisector/ñöôøng phaân<br />

giaùc cuûa goùc: Moät ñöôøng<br />

thaúng, moät ñoaïn thaúng,<br />

hoaëc moät tia chia moät goùc<br />

thaønh hai goùc coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)/Quy Taéc Goùc-<br />

Caïnh-Goùc: Moät quy taéc noùi raèng neáu hai goùc<br />

vaø caïnh naèm giöõa hai goùc ñoù trong moät tam<br />

giaùc coù cuøng ñoaøn heä vôùi hai goùc vaø caïnh<br />

naèm giöõa hai goùc ñoù trong moät tam giaùc khaùc<br />

thì hai tam giaùc ñoù coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

arc/cung cuûa moät ñöôøng troøn: Moät ñoaïn cuûa<br />

moät ñöôøng troøn ñöôïc goïi teân theo hai ñieåm<br />

keát thuùc cuûa noù treân ñöôøng troøn.<br />

area/dieän tích: Soá ñôn vò vuoâng caàn thieát ñeå<br />

che kín moät maët phaúng cho saün.<br />

arithmetic sequence/daõy soá: Moät daõy caùc soá<br />

maø hieäu soá cuûa caùc soá haïng keà nhau luoân luoân<br />

khoâng ñoåi.<br />

M<br />

N<br />

P<br />

O<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 147 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


Associative Property/Quy Taéc Keát Hôïp<br />

Trong pheùp coäng, quy taéc noùi raèng toång cuûa<br />

caùc soá thöïc a, b vaø c khoâng ñoåi duø cho ta coù<br />

nhoùm caùc soá haïng naøy nhö theá naøo ñi nöõa<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c).<br />

Trong pheùp nhaân, quy taéc naøy noùi raèng tích<br />

cuûa caùc soá thöïc a, b vaø c khoâng ñoåi duø coù<br />

nhoùm caùc soá naøy nhö theá naøo ñi nöõa<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c).<br />

asymmetry/tính khoâng ñoái xöùng: Hai phía<br />

cuûa moät ñöôøng thaúng trung taâm khoâng ñoàng<br />

nhaát vôùi nhau. Khoâng ñoái xöùng.<br />

average/trung bình coäng: Toång cuûa moät daõy<br />

soá chia cho soá löôïng caùc soá trong daõy soá ñoù,<br />

coøn goïi laø mean (giaù trò trung bình).<br />

average deviation/ñoä leäch trung bình:<br />

Khoaûng caùch trung bình giöõa giaù trò cuûa moät<br />

soá ñeán trung bình coäng cuûa caùc giaù trò trong<br />

daõy soá.<br />

axes/truïc: Hai ñöôøng thaúng vuoâng goùc caét<br />

nhau taïi moät ñieåm goác treân cuøng moät maët<br />

phaúng toïa ñoä.<br />

B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/ñoà thò<br />

“caønh-vaø-laù” ñoái xöùng: Loaïi ñoà thò “caønhvaø-laù”<br />

duøng ñeå so saùnh hai nhoùm soá lieäu baèng<br />

caùch bieåu dieãn moät nhoùm soá lieäu ôû beân traùi vaø<br />

nhoùm soá lieäu coøn laïi ôû beân phaûi cuûa “caønh”.<br />

bar graph/ñoà thò coät/bieåu ñoà coät: Moät bieåu<br />

ñoà/ñoà thò duøng caùc coät doïc hay ngang ñeå bieåu<br />

thò soá lieäu.<br />

base-10 system/heä thaäp phaân: Moät heä soá maø<br />

taát caû caùc soá ñöôïc ghi baèng caùch söû duïng caùc<br />

chöõ soá töø 0 ñeán 9.<br />

base (in numeration)/cô soá (trong soá hoïc):<br />

Khi moät soá ñöôïc naâng leân moät luõy thöøa, soá<br />

ñöôïc duøng laøm thöøa soá ñöôïc goïi laø cô soá.<br />

Ví duï: 3 5 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3 � 3<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/ñaùy (cuûa moät ña giaùc hay moät hình<br />

veõ 3 chieàu): Caïnh cuûa moät ña giaùc; maët cuûa<br />

moät hình veõ ba chieàu maø ta döïa vaøo ñeå ño<br />

hoaëc phaân loaïi hình ba chieàu ñoù.<br />

Caùc ñaùy<br />

cuûa hình<br />

truï<br />

Caùc ñaùy<br />

cuûa hình<br />

laêng truï<br />

biased sample/maãu thieân leäch: Moät maãu<br />

khoâng ñaïi dieän moät caùch chính xaùc cho nhoùm<br />

ñoái töôïng.<br />

binary number system/heä nhò phaân: Moät heä<br />

thoáng ghi soá trong ñoù taát caû caùc soá ñeàu ñöôïc<br />

bieåu dieãn baèng hai chöõ soá laø 1 vaø 0.<br />

binomial/nhò thöùc: Moät ña thöùc goàm hai soá<br />

haïng.<br />

Ví duï: 10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/phaân ñoâi: Chia laøm hai phaàn baèng nhau.<br />

boundary line/ñöôøng bao: Trong moät baát<br />

ñaúng thöùc tuyeán goàm hai bieán soá, ñöôøng bao<br />

laø moät taäp hôïp cuûa caùc ñieåm maø taïi ñoù hai<br />

meänh ñeà baèng nhau.<br />

box-and-whisker plot/ñoà thò “hoäp-vaø-ñöôøng<br />

ngang”: Moät loaïi ñoà thò bieåu dieãn töù phaân vò<br />

coù giaù trò cao nhaát vaø vaø töù phaân vò coù giaù trò<br />

thaáp nhaát cuûa moät nhoùm soá lieäu baèng caùc<br />

ñöôøng thaúng ngang, bieåu dieãn hai töù phaân vò<br />

coøn laïi baèng hình hoäp, vaø giaù trò naèm chính<br />

giöõa daõy soá lieäu baèng ñöôøng thaúng caét doïc hoäp.<br />

break (graph)/ñöôøng gaïch boû (bieåu ñoà): Moät<br />

ñöôøng chöõ chi treân truïc hoaønh hoaëc truïc tung<br />

cuûa moät bieåu ñoà, theå hieän raèng moät vaøi soá<br />

treân truïc naøy ñaõ bò löôïc boû.<br />

C<br />

Ñaùy cuûa<br />

hình noùn<br />

Ñaùy cuûa<br />

hình choùp<br />

capacity/dung tích: Löôïng chaát loûng maø moät<br />

vaät coù theå chöùa khi ñöôïc ñoå ñaày.<br />

Celsius/ñoä C: Moät ñôn vò ño theo heä meùt<br />

duøng ñeå ño nhieät ñoä, theo ñoù nöôùc ñoùng baêng<br />

taïi 0°C vaø soâi taïi 100°C. Ñoä C cuõng coøn ñöôïc<br />

goïi laø centigrade.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 148 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


center (of a circle)/taâm (cuûa moät ñöôøng<br />

troøn): Moät ñieåm naèm trong ñöôøng troøn vaø<br />

caùch ñeàu taát caû caùc ñieåm treân ñöôøng troøn ñoù.<br />

center (of dilation)/taâm (cuûa söï co giaõn):<br />

Giao ñieåm cuûa caùc ñöôøng thaúng theo taát caû<br />

caùc höôùng co giaõn.<br />

center (of rotation)/truïc (quay): Ñieåm maø<br />

moät hình quay ñeàu quanh noù.<br />

central angle/goùc töø taâm: Moät goùc maø ñænh<br />

cuûa noù laø taâm cuûa moät ñöôøng troøn.<br />

certain (probability)/chaéc chaén/chính xaùc<br />

(xaùc suaát): Chaéc chaén seõ xaûy ra; coù xaùc suaát<br />

baèng 1.<br />

chord/ñoaïn thaúng chaén cung: Moät ñoaïn<br />

thaúng noái hai ñieåm treân moät ñöôøng troøn.<br />

circle/ñöôøng troøn: Taäp hôïp<br />

taát caû caùc ñieåm treân moät maët<br />

phaúng coù cuøng khoaûng caùch ñeán<br />

moät ñieåm cho saün goïi laø taâm.<br />

circle graph/ñoà thò hình troøn: Moät loaïi bieåu<br />

ñoà söû duïng caùc phaàn cuûa moät hình troøn ñeå so<br />

saùnh giöõa moät phaàn vôùi toaøn theå cuõng nhö<br />

giöõa caùc phaàn vôùi nhau.<br />

circumference/chu vi ñöôøng troøn: Khoaûng<br />

caùch xung quanh moät ñöôøng troøn.<br />

clockwise/quay theo chieàu kim<br />

ñoàng hoà: Quay troøn töø traùi sang<br />

phaûi theo chieàu kim ñoàng hoà.<br />

clustering/pheùp coäng buø tröø:<br />

Moät phöông phaùp duøng ñeå öôùc tính toång khi<br />

taát caû caùc soá haïng coù giaù trò gaàn vôùi moät giaù<br />

trò chung nhaát ñònh.<br />

Ví duï: 27, 29, 24 vaø 26 ñeàu coù giaù trò gaàn vôùi 25.<br />

coefficient/heä soá: Moät soá ñöôïc nhaân vôùi bieán<br />

soá trong moät bieåu thöùc ñaïi soá.<br />

Ví duï: 5 laø heä soá trong bieåu thöùc 5b.<br />

combination/keát hôïp: Moät caùch saép xeáp caùc<br />

thöù hoaëc söï kieän maø trong ñoù traät töï saép xeáp<br />

khoâng quan troïng.<br />

commission/tieàn hoa hoàng: Khoaûn tieàn traû<br />

cho moät ngöôøi vì ngöôøi ñoù ñaõ baùn ñöôïc haøng.<br />

C<br />

commission rate/tæ leä phaàn traêm hoa hoàng:<br />

Khoaûn tieàn traû cho moät ngöôøi vì ngöôøi ñoù baùn<br />

ñöôïc haøng, ñöôïc quy ñònh döôùi daïng phaàn<br />

traêm cuûa giaù baùn.<br />

common denominator/maãu soá chung: Moät<br />

maãu soá chung cho hai phaân soá trôû leân.<br />

Ví duï: Maãu soá chung cuûa 5 –<br />

8 vaø 2 –<br />

8 laø 8.<br />

common difference/hieäu soá chung: Hieäu cuûa<br />

baát cöù hai soá haïng keà nhau naøo trong moät daõy<br />

soá.<br />

common factor/öôùc soá chung: Moät soá laø thöøa<br />

soá cuûa hai soá trôû leân.<br />

Ví duï: 8 laø öôùc soá chung cuûa 16 vaø 40.<br />

common multiple/boäi soá chung: Moät soá chia<br />

heát cho hai soá hay nhieàu soá khaùc.<br />

Ví duï: 15 laø boäi soá chung cuûa 3 vaø 5.<br />

common ratio/tæ leä chung: Laø tæ leä maø moãi<br />

soá haïng ñöôïc nhaân vôùi ñeå taïo ra soá haïng tieáp<br />

theo trong moät daõy soá trong hình hoïc.<br />

Commutative Property/Quy Taéc Giao Hoaùn<br />

Trong pheùp coäng, duø cho hai hay nhieàu soá<br />

haïng ñöôïc coäng laïi theo thöù töï naøo ñi nöõa thì<br />

toång vaãn khoâng thay ñoåi.<br />

Ví duï: 8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

Trong pheùp nhaân, duø cho hai hay nhieàu soá<br />

ñöôïc nhaân theo trình töï naøo ñi nöõa thì tích vaãn<br />

khoâng thay ñoåi.<br />

Ví duï: 6 � 12 � 12 � 6; a � b � b � a<br />

compatible numbers/caùc soá töông hôïp: Caùc<br />

soá coù giaù trò gaàn vôùi nhöõng soá cho saün giuùp ta<br />

öôùc tính hoaëc tính nhaåm deã hôn.<br />

compensation/pheùp buø tröø: Khi moät soá trong<br />

moät baøi toaùn gaàn vôùi moät soá khaùc deã tính toaùn<br />

hôn, soá deã tính hôn ñöôïc söû duïng ñeå tìm ra<br />

ñaùp soá. Sau ñoù ñaùp soá ñöôïc ñieàu chænh baèng<br />

caùch coäng theâm hoaëc tröø ñi soá cheânh.<br />

complementary angles/hai goùc buø nhau: Hai<br />

goùc maø toång cuûa chuùng baèng 90°.<br />

composite number/hôïp soá: Moät soá lôùn hôn 1<br />

vaø chia heát cho hai soá nguyeân trôû leân.<br />

compound event/söï kieän phöùc hôïp: Moät söï<br />

kieän bao goàm hai söï kieän ñôn giaûn trôû leân.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 149 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


compound inequality/heä baát ñaúng thöùc:<br />

Taäp hôïp cuûa hai baát ñaúng thöùc trôû leân.<br />

Ví duï: x � �2 hay x � 10, hay �2 � x � 10.<br />

x lôùn hôn hoaëc baèng �2 vaø nhoû hôn 10.<br />

compound interest/laõi goäp/laõi keùp: Khoaûn<br />

laõi ñöôïc tính treân soá voán coäng vôùi laõi phaùt<br />

sinh trong giai ñoaïn tröôùc.<br />

concave polygon/ña giaùc loõm: Moät ña giaùc coù<br />

ít nhaát moät goùc trong lôùn hôn 180°.<br />

cone/hình noùn: Moät hình veõ ba chieàu co moät<br />

ñænh vaø moät ñaùy troøn.<br />

congruent/coù cuøng ñoaøn heä: Coù cuøng kích côõ<br />

hoaëc hình daïng.<br />

congruent angles/caùc goùc coù cuøng ñoaøn heä:<br />

Caùc goùc coù soá ño baèng nhau.<br />

congruent segments/caùc ñoaïn thaúng coù cuøng<br />

ñoaøn heä: Caùc ñoaïn thaúng coù cuøng ñoä daøi.<br />

constant/haèng soá: Moät giaù trò khoâng thay ñoåi<br />

constant of proportionality/haèng soá tæ leä:<br />

Tæ leä khoâng ñoåi cuûa hai bieán soá lieân heä vôùi<br />

nhau theo tæ troïng.<br />

Ví duï: 5 � k, 10 � 2k vaø 15 � 3k<br />

convenience sample/choïn maãu theo möùc ñoä<br />

tieän lôïi: Choïn caùc ñoái töôïng saün coù nhaát trong<br />

toång theå maãu nhaèm ñaït ñöôïc keát quaû nhanh<br />

choùng.<br />

conversion factor/thöøa soá quy ñoåi: Moät phaân<br />

soá maø töû soá vaø maãu soá coù soá löôïng baèng nhau<br />

nhöng söû duïng caùc ñôn vò ño khaùc nhau. Phaân<br />

soá naøy baèng 1 vì töû soá vaø maãu soá baèng nhau.<br />

Ví duï:<br />

24 giôø 1 ngaøy<br />

vaø<br />

1 ngaøy 24 giô<br />

convex polygon/ña giaùc loài: Moät ña giaùc coù<br />

taát caû caùc goùc trong nhoû hôn hoaëc baèng 180°.<br />

coordinate plane (coordinate grid)/maët<br />

phaúng toaï ñoä(heä toïa ñoä): Moät maët phaúng taïo<br />

bôûi söï giao nhau giöõa moät truïc soá naèm ngang<br />

goïi laø truïc x vaø moät truïc soá doïc goïi laø truïc y.<br />

Goùc phaàn<br />

tö II<br />

Goùc phaàn<br />

tö III<br />

coordinate/toaï ñoä: Moät trong hai soá trong<br />

moät caëp soá ñöôïc duøng ñeå ñònh vò moät ñieåm<br />

treân moät maët phaúng toaï ñoä.<br />

correlation/söï töông quan: Mieâu taû moái<br />

quan heä giöõa hai daõy soá lieäu.<br />

correspondence/söï töông öùng: Moái quan heä<br />

giöõa hai hay nhieàu vaät töông öùng vôùi nhau.<br />

corresponding angles<br />

(for lines)/goùc töông öùng<br />

(ñoái vôùi ñöôøng thaúng):<br />

Moät caëp goùc taïo bôûi hai<br />

ñöôøng thaúng vaø moät ñöôøng<br />

thaúng thöù ba caét hai ñöôøng thaúng ñoù. Trong<br />

hình veõ, caùc goùc töông öùng la �m vaø �q,<br />

�n vaø �r, �o vaø �s, vaø �p vaø �t.<br />

corresponding angles (in polygons)/goùc<br />

töông öùng (trong ña giaùc): Caùc goùc töông<br />

öùng cuûa hai hay nhieàu ña giaùc.<br />

corresponding sides/caïnh töông öùng: Caùc<br />

caïnh töông öùng cuûa hai hay nhieàu ña giaùc.<br />

cosine (cos)/coâ-sin: Tæ leä giöõa ñoä daøi caïnh<br />

goùc vuoâng vaø ñoä daøi caïnh huyeàn trong moät<br />

tam giaùc vuoâng.<br />

counterclockwise/<br />

quay ngöôïc chieàu<br />

kim ñoàng hoà: Quay<br />

troøn töø phaûi sang traùi<br />

theo chieàu trong hình veõ.<br />

truïc hoaønh<br />

Goùc phaàn<br />

tö I<br />

Goùc phaàn<br />

tö IV<br />

truïc tung<br />

q r<br />

s t<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

counterexample/ví duï phaûn bieän: Moät ví duï<br />

chæ roõ moät quan ñieåm xaùc ñònh laø sai.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 150 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


cross product/tích cheùo: Tích cuûa hai soá<br />

cheùo nhau (töû soá cuûa phaân soá naøy nhaân vôùi<br />

maãu soá cuûa moät phaân soá khaùc vaø ngöôïc laïi)<br />

khi so saùnh hai phaân soá.<br />

Ví duï: 2 –<br />

3 � 4 – 2<br />

6 3 � � 6 4 � � 12<br />

12<br />

cube (geometric figure)/<br />

hình laäp phöông(hình veõ<br />

hình hoïc): Moät hình laêng truï<br />

chöõ nhaät coù saùu maët laø saùu<br />

hình vuoâng coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

cube (in numeration)/laäp phöông (trong soá<br />

hoïc): Luyõ thöøa muõ ba cuûa moät soá.<br />

cumulative frequency/taàn soá tích luyõ: Toång<br />

cuûa caùc soá keá tieáp nhau trong moät daõy soá lieäu.<br />

customary system of measurement/heä ño<br />

löôøng thoâng duïng: Moät heä thoáng ño löôøng<br />

thöôøng ñöôïc söû duïng taïi Hoa Kyø.<br />

Ví duï: inches, feet, miles, ounces, pounds,<br />

tons, cups, quarts, gallons<br />

cylinder/hình truï: Moät hình<br />

veõ ba chieàu coù hai ñaùy troøn<br />

song song coù cuøng ñoaøn heä<br />

ñöôïc noái bôûi moät beà maët cong.<br />

D<br />

decagon/thaäp giaùc: Moät ña giaùc coù möôøi<br />

caïnh.<br />

decimal system/heä thaäp phaân: Heä giaù trò<br />

thaäp phaân.<br />

deductive reasoning/suy luaän: Duøng lyù luaän<br />

ñeå chöùng minh moät quan ñieåm laø ñuùng.<br />

degree/ñoä: Ñôn vò duøng ñeå ño goùc hoaëc nhieät<br />

ñoä.<br />

denominator/maãu soá: Soá naèm phía döôùi<br />

trong moät phaân soá, cho bieát coù bao nhieâu<br />

phaàn baèng nhau trong moät toång theå.<br />

Ví duï: 3 –<br />

4 Maãu soá<br />

Density property of real numbers/Quy Taéc<br />

Maät Ñoä Cuûa Caùc Soá Thöïc: Quy taéc noùi raèng<br />

luoân luoân coù moät soá thöïc giöõa hai soá thöïc.<br />

dependent events/caùc söï vieäc coù quan heä<br />

nhaân quaû: Laø caùc söï kieän maø keát quaû cuûa söï<br />

kieän thöù nhaát seõ aûnh höôûng ñeán keát quaû cuûa<br />

söï kieän thöù hai.<br />

diagonal/ñöôøng cheùo: Moät ñöôøng thaúng noái<br />

hai ñænh khoâng keà nhau cuûa moät ña giaùc.<br />

diameter/ñöôøng kính: Moät ñoaïn thaúng ñi qua<br />

taâm cuûa moät ñöôøng troøn vaø coù hai ñaàu treân<br />

ñöôøng troøn ñoù, hoaëc ñoä daøi cuûa ñoaïn thaúng naøy.<br />

difference/hieäu soá: Keát quaû thu ñöôïc khi ta<br />

tröø moät soá cho moät soá khaùc.<br />

dilation/söï co giaõn: Söï bieán ñoåi laøm phoùng to<br />

hoaëc thu nhoû moät hình veõ.<br />

dimension/soá ño: Chieàu daøi, chieàu roäng hoaëc<br />

chieàu cao cuûa moät hình.<br />

direct variation/bieán ñoåi tröïc tieáp: Moái<br />

quan heä giöõa hai bieán soá trong ñoù soá lieäu cuøng<br />

taêng hay giaûm theo moät tæ leä khoâng ñoåi.<br />

discount/khoaûn tieàn ñöôïc giaûm giaù/khoaûn<br />

chieát khaáu: Khoaûn tieàn ñöôïc giaûm töø giaù goác.<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/Quy Taéc Phaân Phoái Cuûa Pheùp<br />

Nhaân Ñoái Vôùi Pheùp Coäng: Theo quy taéc naøy,<br />

khi ta nhaân moät soá vôùi moät toång, ta seõ thu<br />

ñöôïc cuøng moät keát quaû neáu ta nhaân soá ñoù vôùi<br />

töøng soá haïng cuûa toång roài coäng caùc tích naøy<br />

laïi vôùi nhau.<br />

Ví duï: 5 � 21 � 5(20 � 1) � (5 � 20) � (5 � 1)<br />

dividend/soá bò chia: Soá bò chia trong moät<br />

pheùp tính chia.<br />

Ví duï: Trong ñaúng thöùc 8 � 4 � 2, thì 8 laø soá<br />

bò chia.<br />

divisible/chia heát: Coù theå chia heát cho moät<br />

soá maø khoâng ñeå laïi soá dö.<br />

Division Property of Equality/Quy Taéc Chia<br />

Ñeàu Cuûa Ñaúng Thöùc: Theo quy taéc naøy, neáu<br />

ta chia caû hai veá cuûa moät phöông trình cho<br />

cuøng moät soá khaùc 0, thì nghieäm cuûa phöông<br />

trình naøy vaãn giöõ nguyeân.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 151 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


divisor/soá chia: Soá chia trong moät pheùp tính<br />

chia.<br />

Ví duï: Trong ñaúng thöùc 8 � 4 � 2, 4 laø soá chia.<br />

dodecahedron/thaäp nhò dieän: Ña giaùc coù<br />

möôøi hai maët.<br />

domain/mieàn soá lieäu: Taäp hôïp taát caû caùc giaù<br />

trò ñaàu vaøo cuûa moät haøm.<br />

double-bar graph/bieåu ñoà coät keùp: Moät bieåu<br />

ñoà so saùnh hai taäp hôïp soá lieäu coù lieân quan<br />

vôùi nhau.<br />

double-line graph/bieåu ñoà ñöôøng thaúng<br />

keùp: Moät bieåu ñoà bieåu dieãn söï thay ñoåi theo<br />

thôøi gian cuûa hai heä soá lieäu.<br />

E<br />

edge/caïnh cuûa hai maët<br />

phaúng: Ñoaïn thaúng<br />

giao nhau cuûa hai maët<br />

phaúng cuûa moät ña giaùc.<br />

Caùc caïnh<br />

maët phaúng<br />

elements/phaàn töû: Töø, soá hoaëc vaät naèm trong<br />

moät taäp hôïp.<br />

empirical probability/xaùc suaát thöïc nghieäm:<br />

Xem muïc experimental probability (xaùc suaát<br />

thöïc nghieäm).<br />

empty set/taäp hôïp roãng: Taäp hôïp maø trong<br />

ñoù khoâng coù phaàn töû naøo.<br />

endpoint/ñieåm goác/ñieåm keát thuùc: Moät<br />

ñieåm keát thuùc moät ñoaïn thaúng hay moät tia.<br />

enlargement/phoùng to: Phoùng to kích côõ cuûa<br />

taát caû caùc chieàu theo cuøng moät tæ leä.<br />

equally likely outcomes/keát quaû khaû dó töông<br />

ñöông: Caùc keát quaû coù cuøng moät xaùc suaát.<br />

equation/phöông trình: Moät caùch dieãn ñaït<br />

toaùn hoïc cho thaáy hai bieåu thöùc baèng nhau.<br />

equilateral triangle/tam giaùc ñeàu: Tam giaùc<br />

coù ba caïnh baèng nhau.<br />

equivalent/töông ñöông/baèng nhau: Coù cuøng<br />

moät giaù trò.<br />

equivalent fractions/caùc phaân soá baèng nhau:<br />

Caùc phaân soá coù cuøng giaù trò.<br />

equivalent ratios/caùc tæ soá baèng nhau: Caùc tæ<br />

soá bieåu dieãn cuøng moät tæ leä.<br />

estimate/ñaùp soá öôùc tính: Moät ñaùp soá gaàn<br />

vôùi ñaùp soá ñuùng, ñöôïc tính baèng caùch laøm<br />

troøn, buø tröø, söû duïng caùc chöõ soá haøng cao<br />

nhaát, söû duïng caùc soá töông hôïp hoaëc moät<br />

phöông phaùp khaùc.<br />

evaluate/tính giaù trò: Tính giaù trò cuûa moät<br />

bieåu thöùc soá hoïc hay ñaïi soá.<br />

even number/soá chaün: Moät soá nguyeân chia<br />

heát cho hai.<br />

event/keát quaû: Keát quaû hay moät nhoùm keát<br />

quaû cuûa moät thöïc nghieäm hay tình huoáng.<br />

expanded form/daïng môû roäng: Moät soá ñöôïc<br />

vieát döôùi daïng toång caùc giaù trò cuûa caùc chöõ soá<br />

maø noù chöùa.<br />

Ví duï: 236,536 ñöôïc vieát theo daïng môû roäng<br />

laø 200,000 � 30,000 � 6,000 � 500 �<br />

30 � 6.<br />

experiment (probability)/thöïc nghieäm<br />

(trong toaùn xaùc suaát): Baát cöù hoaït ñoäng naøo<br />

thöïc hieän treân cô sôû xaùc suaát (nhö tung moät<br />

ñoàng xu leân chaúng haïn) trong toaùn xaùc suaát.<br />

experimental probability/xaùc suaát thöïc<br />

nghieäm: Tæ leä giöõa soá laàn xaûy ra cuûa moät keát<br />

quaû vôùi toång soá laàn thöû hoaëc toång soá laàn thöïc<br />

nghieäâm.<br />

exponent/soá muõ: Laø soá duøng ñeå bieåu dieãn soá<br />

laàn moät cô soá ñöôïc nhaân vôùi chính noù.<br />

Ví duï: 23 � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; trong ñoù 3 laø<br />

soá muõ.<br />

exponential decay/söï phaân raõ daïng haøm muõ:<br />

Xaûy ra trong moät haøm soá muõ trong tröôøng hôïp<br />

ñaùp soá f(x) giaûm daàn khi aån soá x taêng daàn.<br />

exponential form/daïng luyõ thöøa: Moät soá ôû<br />

daïng luyõ thöøa khi ñöôïc vieát döôùi daïng moät cô<br />

soá vaø moät soá muõ.<br />

Ví duï: 42 laø daïng luyõ thöøa cuûa 4 � 4.<br />

exponential function/haøm soá muõ: Laø moät<br />

haøm soá khoâng tuyeán tính trong ñoù bieán soá ôû<br />

daïng luõy thöøa.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 152 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


exponential growth/luyõ thöøa tieán: Xaûy ra<br />

trong moät haøm soá muõ khi ñaùp soá f(x) taêng daàn<br />

theo möùc taêng cuûa aån soá x.<br />

expression/bieåu thöùc: Moät caùch bieåu dieãn toaùn<br />

hoïc trong ñoù coù pheùp tính, soá vaø/hoaëc bieán soá.<br />

extrapolation/pheùp ngoaïi suy: Söï öôùc tính<br />

hoaëc döï ñoaùn moät giaù trò chöa bieát döïa treân<br />

caùc giaù trò ñaõ bieát.<br />

F<br />

face/maët: Maët phaúng cuûa moät ña giaùc.<br />

factor/thöøa soá: Moät soá ñöôïc nhaân vôùi moät soá<br />

khaùc ñeå coù ñöôïc tích soá.<br />

factor tree/caây thöøa soá/bieåu ñoà thöøa soá: Moät<br />

bieåu ñoà bieåu dieãn caùch moät soá nguyeân ñöôïc<br />

phaân tích thaønh caùc thöøa soá nguyeân toá.<br />

factorial/giai thöøa: Tích cuûa taát caû caùc soá<br />

nguyeân (tröø soá 0) nhoû hôn hoaëc baèng moät soá.<br />

Ví duï: Giai thöøa 4 � 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 0! ñöôïc<br />

ñònh nghóa laø 1.<br />

Fahrenheit/ñoä F: Moät thang nhieät ñoä maø theo<br />

ñoù nöôùc ñoùng baêng taïi 32°F vaø soâi taïi 212°F.<br />

fair/chính xaùc, ñuùng: Khi taát caû caùc keát quaû<br />

cuûa moät cuoäc thöïc nghieäm töông ñöông nhau,<br />

thöïc nghieäm naøy ñöôïc coi laø chính xaùc.<br />

fair games/cuoäc thi ñaáu hoaëc troø chôi coâng<br />

baèng: Caùc traän thi ñaáu hoaëc troø chôi trong ñoù<br />

moãi ngöôøi tham gia ñeàu coù cô hoäi thaéng cuoäc<br />

nhö nhau.<br />

favorable outcome/keát quaû thuaän: Moät keát<br />

quaû maø ta mong ñôïi khi thöïc hieän moät cuoäc<br />

thöïc nghieäm.<br />

Fibonacci sequence/daõy soá tuaàn hoaøn<br />

Fibonacci: Daõy soá tuaàn hoaøn voâ ñònh (1, 1, 2,<br />

3, 5, 8, 13,…); baét ñaàu baèng soá haïng thöù ba,<br />

moãi soá haïng laø toång cuûa hai soá ñöùng tröôùc noù;<br />

daõy soá naøy ñöôïc goïi theo teân cuûa nhaø toaùn hoïc<br />

theá kyû thöù möôøi ba laø Leonardo Fibonacci.<br />

first differences/daõy hieäu soá thöù nhaát: Moät<br />

daõy soá ñöôïc hình thaønh baèng caùch laáy moãi soá<br />

haïng trong moät daõy soá tröø ñi soá haïng ñöùng<br />

tröôùc noù.<br />

first quartile/töù phaân vò thöù nhaát: Giaù trò<br />

ñöùng giöõa trong phaàn nöûa giaù trò thaáp hôn cuûa<br />

moät daõy soá; coøn ñöôïc goïi laø lower quartile<br />

(ñieåm töù phaân vò döôùi).<br />

formula/coâng thöùc: Moät quy taéc theå hieän<br />

moái quan heä giöõa caùc soá löôïng.<br />

Ví duï: A � lw<br />

fractal/caáu truùc maûnh: Moät caáu truùc vôùi caùc<br />

maãu coù chöùa caùc hình laëp ñi laëp laïi gioáng nhö<br />

hình toång theå, nhöng coù kích côõ khaùc nhau.<br />

fraction/phaân soá: Moät soá ñöôïc vieát döôùi daïng<br />

a –b , trong ñoù b � 0.<br />

frequency table/baûng ghi taàn soá: Moät baûng<br />

lieät keâ caùc söï kieän theo soá laàn hoaëc taàn soá xaûy<br />

ra cuûa söï kieän.<br />

front-end estimation/caùch öôùc tính chöõ soá<br />

haøng cao nhaát: Moät phöông phaùp öôùc tính<br />

theo ñoù caùc chöõ soá haøng cao nhaát cuûa caùc soá<br />

haïng ñöôïc coäng vôùi nhau sau ñoù toång naøy<br />

ñöôïc ñieàu chænh ñeå coù ñöôïc moät ñaùp soá öôùc<br />

löôïng chính xaùc hôn.<br />

function/haøm soá: Moái quan heä trong ñoù<br />

töông öùng vôùi moãi giaù trò ñaàu vaøo ta coù ñöôïc<br />

duy nhaát moät giaù trò ñaàu ra.<br />

function notation/kyù hieäu haøm soá: Kyù hieäu<br />

ñöôïc duøng ñeå mieâu taû moät haøm soá.<br />

Ví duï: y � 3x 2 f(x) � 3x 2 ; f(x) ñöôïc ñoïc<br />

laø haøm “f cuûa x.”<br />

function table/baûng haøm soá: Baûng lieät keâ<br />

caùc caëp nghieäm cuûa moät haøm soá.<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle/Quy Taéc<br />

Ñeám Cô Baûn: Neáu söï kieän thöù nhaát coù<br />

m keát quaû khaû dó vaø söï kieän thöù hai coù n keát<br />

quaû khaû dó sau khi söï kieän thöù nhaát xaûy ra, thì<br />

seõ coù toång coäng m � n keát quaû khaû dó cho caû<br />

hai söï kieän.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 153 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

G<br />

geometric probability/xaùc suaát hình hoïc:<br />

Laø moät xaùc suaát döïa treân vieäc so saùnh caùc soá<br />

ño caùc hình veõ hình hoïc.


geometric sequence/caáp soá nhaân: Moät daõy<br />

caùc soá maø thöông cuûa hai soá lieân tieáp trong<br />

daõy soá ñoù laø nhö nhau.<br />

Golden Ratio/Tæ soá Vaøng: Laø moät tæ leä xaáp xæ<br />

baèng 1.618. Trong moät hình chöõ nhaät vaøng, tæ<br />

leä giöõa chieàu daøi vaø chieàu roäng xaáp xæ 1.618.<br />

graph of an equation/ñoà thò cuûa moät phöông<br />

trình: Laø moät ñoà thò bieåu dieãn moät taäp hôïp<br />

toïa ñoä caùc caëp nghieäm cuûa phöông trình.<br />

great circle/hình troøn lôùn: Laø moät hình troøn<br />

treân moät hình caàu, vaø maët phaúng chöùa hình<br />

troøn ñoù ñi qua taâm cuûa hình caàu ñoù.<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/öôùc soá chung<br />

lôùn nhaát: Laø moät thöøa soá chung lôùn nhaát cuûa<br />

hai hay nhieàu soá cho tröôùc.<br />

H<br />

height/ñöôøng cao<br />

Trong moät hình choùp hoaëc hình noùn, laø khoaûng<br />

caùch vuoâng goùc töø ñaùy ñeán ñænh ñoái dieän.<br />

Trong moät tam giaùc hoaëc moät töù giaùc, laø<br />

khoaûng caùch vuoâng goùc töø ñaùy tôùi ñænh hoaëc<br />

caïnh ñoái dieän.<br />

Trong hình laêng truï hoaëc hình truï, laø khoaûng<br />

caùch vuoâng goùc giöõa caùc ñaùy.<br />

hemisphere/baùn caàu: Moät nöûa hình caàu.<br />

heptagon/thaát giaùc: Hình ña giaùc baûy caïnh.<br />

hexagon/luïc giaùc: Hình ña giaùc saùu caïnh.<br />

histogram/bieåu ñoà taàn soá: Moät loaïi bieåu ñoà<br />

duøng caùc coät ôû khoaûng caùch baèng nhau ñeå<br />

bieåu dieãn taàn soá xaûy ra cuûa döõ lieäu.<br />

horizon line/ñöôøng ngang: Moät ñöôøng thaúng<br />

ngang theå hieän taàm maét cuûa ngöôøi ngaém.<br />

hypotenuse/caïnh huyeàn: Laø caïnh ñoái dieän<br />

vôùi goùc vuoâng trong moät tam giaùc vuoâng.<br />

icosahedron/khoái hai möôi maët: Moät ña<br />

dieän coù 20 maët.<br />

I<br />

Identity Property of One/Tích Moät Soá Vôùi<br />

Soá 1: Quy taéc noùi raèng khi nhaân moät soá vôùi soá<br />

1 ta ñöôïc chính soá ñoù.<br />

Identity Property of Zero/Toång Cuûa Moät Soá<br />

Vôùi Soá 0: Quy taéc noùi raèng khi coäng soá 0 vôùi<br />

moät soá baát kyø, ta ñöôïc chính soá ñoù.<br />

if-then statement/meänh ñeà ñieàu kieän: Laø<br />

moät meänh ñeà hôïp lyù söû duïng caùc töø neáu vaø thì<br />

ñeå chæ moái quan heä giöõa hai ñieàu kieän.<br />

Ví duï: Neáu taát caû caùc caïnh cuûa moät ña giaùc<br />

ñeàu daøi baèng nhau vaø taát caû caùc goùc coù<br />

soá ño baèng nhau, thì ñoù laø ña giaùc ñeàu.<br />

image/aûnh: Moät hình laø keát quaû cuûa pheùp<br />

bieán ñoåi.<br />

impossible (probability)/xaùc suaát baèng 0:<br />

Khoâng bao giôø xaûy ra; coù xaùc suaát baèng 0.<br />

improper fraction/phaân soá khoâng thöïc söï:<br />

Laø moät phaân soá trong ñoù töû soá lôùn hôn hoaëc<br />

baèng maãu soá.<br />

Ví duï: 5 –<br />

5 , 5 –<br />

3<br />

independent events/söï kieän ñoäc laäp: Laø caùc<br />

söï kieän trong ñoù keát quaû cuûa moät söï kieän<br />

khoâng aûnh höôûng ñeán xaùc suaát xaûy ra cuûa moät<br />

söï kieän khaùc.<br />

indirect measurement/ño giaùn tieáp: Laø<br />

phöông phaùp ño duøng caùc hình hoaëc tæ leä<br />

töông töï ñeå tìm ra moät keát quaû ño.<br />

inductive reasoning/phöông phaùp quy naïp:<br />

Söû duïng moät caáu truùc laëp ñi laëp laïi ñeå ruùt ra<br />

keát luaän.<br />

inequality/baát ñaúng thöùc: Laø moät söï dieãn ñaït<br />

toaùn hoïc chæ ra moái lieân heä giöõa caùc soá löôïng<br />

khoâng töông ñöông.<br />

Ví duï: 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

input/giaù trò ñaàu vaøo: Laø giaù trò ñöôïc thay<br />

vaøo moät bieåu thöùc hoaëc moät haøm soá.<br />

integers/soá nguyeân: Laø taäp hôïp taát caû caùc soá<br />

nguyeân vaø soá ñoái cuûa chuùng.<br />

interest/laõi suaát: Khoaûn tieàn thu ñöôïc töø vieäc<br />

cho vay hoaëc söû duïng voán.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 154 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


interior angles/caùc goùc<br />

trong: Caùc goùc naèm veà<br />

phía beân trong cuûa hai<br />

ñöôøng thaúng bò caét bôûi<br />

moät ñöôøng thaúng thöù ba.<br />

Trong hình veõ, �c, �d,<br />

�e vaø �f laø caùc goùc trong.<br />

interquartile range/khoaûng cheânh giöõa caùc<br />

töù phaân vò: Hieäu giöõa ñieåm töù phaân vò treân vaø<br />

ñieåm töù phaân vò döôùi trong moät nhoùm soá lieäu.<br />

intersecting lines/ñöôøng thaúng caét nhau:<br />

Caùc ñöôøng thaúng caét nhau taïi moät ñieåm.<br />

intersection (sets)/phaàn giao nhau (cuûa caùc<br />

taäp soá): Laø taäp hôïp caùc phaàn töû chung cuûa hai<br />

hay nhieàu taäp hôïp soá.<br />

interval/khoaûng caùch: Laø khoaûng caùch giöõa<br />

caùc vaïch giaù trò ñöôïc ñaùnh daáu treân moät truïc<br />

soá hoaëc treân thöôùc tæ leä cuûa moät bieåu ñoà.<br />

inverse operations/pheùp tính nghòch ñaûo:<br />

Laø caùc pheùp tính ngöôïc nhau: coäng ngöôïc vôùi<br />

tröø, hoaëc nhaân ngöôïc vôùi chia.<br />

inverse variation/caùc giao ñoäng nghòch: Laø<br />

moät moái quan heä trong ñoù giaù trò cuûa bieán soá<br />

naøy taêng khi giaù trò cuûa bieán soá khaùc giaûm;<br />

tích soá cuûa caùc bieán soá naøy khoâng ñoåi.<br />

irrational number/soá voâ tyû: Moät soá khoâng<br />

theå ñöôïc bieåu dieãn döôùi daïng tæ soá giöõa hai soá<br />

nguyeân hoaëc moät soá thaäp phaân tuaàn hoaøn<br />

hoaëc höõu haïn.<br />

isolate the variable/chuyeån veá bieán soá:<br />

Chuyeån bieán soá sang moät beân cuûa phöông<br />

trình hay baát phöông trình ñeå giaûi deã hôn.<br />

isometric drawing/veõ ñaúng cöï: Moät hình ba<br />

chieàu ñöôïc veõ treân moät maët phaúng taïo bôûi taäp<br />

hôïp caùc tam giaùc ñeàu.<br />

isosceles triangle/tam giaùc caân: Laø moät tam<br />

giaùc coù ít nhaát hai caïnh coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

K<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

kite/töù giaùc daïng dieàu: Laø moät töù giaùc coù hai<br />

caëp caïnh keà coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

lateral face/maët beân: Trong hình laêng truï<br />

hoaëc hình choùp, caùc maët khoâng phaûi laø ñaùy<br />

ñöôïc goïi laø maët beân.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 155 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

L<br />

lateral surface/maët beân: Trong hình truï, laø<br />

maët cong noái hai ñaùy troøn; trong hình noùn, laø<br />

maët cong khaùc vôùi ñaùy.<br />

Maët<br />

beân<br />

least common denominator (LCD)/maãu soá<br />

chung nhoû nhaát: Laø boäi soá chung nhoû nhaát<br />

cuûa hai hoaëc nhieàu maãu soá.<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/boäi soá chung<br />

nhoû nhaát: Soá nhoû nhaát (khaùc 0), vaø laø boäi soá<br />

cuûa hai hay nhieàu soá cho saün.<br />

legs/caïnh beân: Trong moät tam giaùc vuoâng, laø<br />

caïnh keà vôùi goùc vuoâng; trong moät tam giaùc<br />

caân, laø caëp caïnh cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

like fractions/caùc phaân soá ñoàng maãu: Caùc<br />

phaân soá coù cuøng maãu soá.<br />

Ví duï: 5 ––<br />

12 vaø 3 ––<br />

12 laø caùc phaân soá ñoàng maãu.<br />

like terms/caùc soá haïng ñoàng daïng: Hai hoaëc<br />

nhieàu soá haïng ñöôïc ñi keøm theo bôûi cuøng moät<br />

bieán soá ñöôïc naâng leân cuøng moät luõy thöøa.<br />

Ví duï: Trong bieåu thöùc 3a � 5b � 12a,<br />

3a vaø 12a laø caùc soá haïng ñoàng daïng.<br />

line/ñöôøng thaúng: Moät ñöôøng thaúng môû roäng<br />

theo hai höôùng ngöôïc nhau maø khoâng coù ñieåm<br />

keát thuùc.<br />

line graph/ñoà thò ñöôøng: Moät bieåu ñoà söû<br />

duïng caùc ñoaïn thaúng ñeå bieåu hieän söï thay ñoåi<br />

cuûa döõ lieäu.<br />

line of best fit/ñöôøng caùch ñieåm ngaén nhaát:<br />

Ñöôøng thaúng caùch taát caû caùc ñieåm treân moät<br />

bieåu ñoà phaân taùn moät khoaûng caùch ngaén nhaát.<br />

line plot/ñoà thò ñöôøng ñieåm: Moät ñöôøng<br />

thaúng (coù chia vaïch soá) vôùi caùc daáu hoaëc daáu<br />

chaám ôû phía treân ñeå bieåu dieãn taàn soá.<br />

line segment/ñoaïn thaúng: Moät phaàn cuûa<br />

ñöôøng thaúng ñöôïc giôùi haïn bôûi hai ñieåm.


line of reflection/ñöôøng thaúng phaûn aùnh:<br />

Moät ñöôøng thaúng maø khi moät hình ñöôïc laät<br />

sang phía beân kia cuûa ñöôøng thaúng ñoù thì seõ<br />

taïo thaønh moät aûnh phaûn aùnh hình ban ñaàu.<br />

line of symmetry/ñöôøng ñoái xöùng: Ñöôøng<br />

phaân chia moät hình coù hai phaàn ñoái xöùng.<br />

line symmetry/ñoái xöùng ñöôøng: Moät hình coù<br />

ñoái xöùng ñöôøng neáu moät nöûa cuûa hình ñoù laø<br />

aûnh cuûa nöûa kia.<br />

linear equation/phöông trình tuyeán tính:<br />

Moät phöông trình maø nghieäm cuûa noù hình<br />

thaønh moät ñöôøng thaúng treân maët phaúng toïa ñoä.<br />

linear function/haøm soá tuyeán tính: Moät haøm<br />

soá coù ñoà thò laø moät ñöôøng thaúng.<br />

linear inequality/baát ñaúng thöùc tuyeán tính:<br />

Moät caùch dieãn ñaït toaùn hoïc söû duïng caùc daáu<br />

�, �, � hoaëc � vaø coù ñoà thò laø moät mieàn coù<br />

ranh giôùi laø moät ñöôøng thaúng.<br />

lower extreme/giôùi haïn döôùi: Giaù trò nhoû<br />

nhaát trong moät taäp hôïp soá.<br />

lower quartile/ñieåm töù phaân vò döôùi: Soá<br />

ñöùng giöõa nöûa döôùi cuûa moät daõy soá. Coøn goïi<br />

laø first quartile (ñieåm töù phaân vò thöù nhaát).<br />

M<br />

mean/giaù trò trung bình: Toång cuûa moät taäp<br />

hôïp soá chia cho soá löôïng caùc soá trong moät taäp<br />

hôïp soá; coøn goïi laø average (trung bình coäng).<br />

measure of central tendency/soá ño khuynh<br />

höôùng trung taâm: Moät soá ño ñöôïc duøng ñeå<br />

mieâu taû caùc soá ño trung taâm cuûa moät nhoùm döõ<br />

lieäu; giaù trò trung bình, trung ñieåm, vaø mode<br />

laø caùc soá ño khuynh höôùng trung taâm.<br />

median/ñieåm giöõa: Soá ñöùng giöõa hay giaù trò<br />

trung bình (soá ño trung bình) cuûa hai soá ñöùng<br />

giöõa trong moät nhoùm döõ lieäu ñöôïc xeáp theo<br />

thöù töï.<br />

metric system of measurement/heä ño löôøng<br />

meâtric: Moät heä thoáng thaäp phaân ño troïng<br />

löôïng vaø ñoä daøi ñöôïc söû duïng treân toaøn caàu<br />

trong laõnh vöïc khoa hoïc vaø raát phoå bieán treân<br />

theá giôùi.<br />

Ví duï: centimeùt, meùt, kilomeùt, gram,<br />

kilogram, milimeùt, vaø lít laø taát caû caùc<br />

ñôn vò ño löôøng meâtric.<br />

midpoint/trung ñieåm: Ñieåm chia moät ñoaïn<br />

thaúng ra laøm hai ñoaïn coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

mixed number/soá hoãn hôïp: Moät soá goàm coù<br />

moät soá nguyeân khaùc 0 vaø moät phaân soá.<br />

mode/mode: Soá hoaëc caùc soá xuaát hieän thöôøng<br />

xuyeân nhaát trong moät taäp hôïp soá; khi taát caû<br />

caùc soá xuaát hieän vôùi taàn soá nhö nhau thì ta noùi<br />

raèng khoâng coù mode trong taäp hôïp soá.<br />

monomial/ñôn thöùc: Moät bieåu thöùc soá hay<br />

bieåu thöùc ñaïi soá vôùi moät soá haïng.<br />

Ví duï: n,5n2 ,8,�3<br />

Multiplication Property of Equality/Quy<br />

Taéc Nhaân Ñeàu Cuûa Ñaúng Thöùc: Quy taéc noùi<br />

raèng neáu ta nhaân caû hai veá cuûa moät phöông<br />

trình cho cuøng moät soá, thì phöông trình môùi<br />

naøy coù cuøng nghieäm vôùi phöông trình cuõ.<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/Quy Taéc<br />

Nhaân Soá 0: Quy taéc noùi raèng ñoái vôùi taát caû<br />

caùc soá thöïc a, thì a � 0 � 0 vaø 0 � a � 0.<br />

multiplicative inverse/soá ñoái nhaân: Khi nhaân<br />

moät soá vôùi soá ñoái nhaân cuûa noù thì keát quaû laø<br />

1; coøn ñöôïc goïi laø reciprocal (soá nghòch ñaûo)<br />

Ví duï: Soá ñoái nhaân cuûa 4 – 5 laø 5 – 4 .<br />

multiple/boäi soá: Khi nhaân baát cöù soá naøo vôùi<br />

moät soá nguyeân thì tích soá laø boäi soá cuûa soá ñoù.<br />

mutually exclusive/loaïi tröø töông hoã: Hai söï<br />

kieän ñöôïc xem laø loaïi tröø tröông hoã khi khoâng<br />

theå cuøng xaûy ra trong moät laàn thöïc nghieäm.<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/söï töông quan phuû<br />

ñònh: Hai taäp hôïp soá ñöôïc xem laø töông quan<br />

phuû ñònh neáu taäp hôïp naøy taêng khi taäp hôïp kia<br />

giaûm.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 156 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


negative integer/soá nguyeân aâm: Moät soá<br />

nguyeân nhoû hôn 0.<br />

net/löôùi: Moät söï saép xeáp caùc hình hai chieàu<br />

sao cho coù theå gaáp laïi thaønh moät khoái ña dieän.<br />

no correlation/khoâng töông quan: Hai nhoùm<br />

döõ lieäu khoâng töông quan khi caùc giaù trò cuûa<br />

chuùng khoâng coù lieân heä vôùi nhau.<br />

nonlinear function/haøm soá phi tuyeán tính:<br />

Moät haøm soá coù ñoà thò khoâng phaûi laø moät<br />

ñöôøng thaúng.<br />

nonterminating decimal/soá thaäp phaân voâ<br />

haïn: Moät soá thaäp phaân khoâng bao giôø keát thuùc.<br />

numerator/töû soá: Soá phía treân cuûa moät phaân<br />

soá, cho bieát ñang ñeà caäp ñeán bao nhieâu phaàn<br />

trong moät toång theå.<br />

Ví duï: 4 – töû soá<br />

5<br />

numerical expression/bieåu thöùc soá: Moät<br />

bieåu thöùc chæ chöùa caùc soá vaø caùc pheùp toaùn.<br />

O<br />

obtuse angle/goùc tuø: Moät goùc coù soá ño lôùn<br />

hôn 90° nhöng nhoû hôn 180°.<br />

obtuse triangle/tam giaùc tuø: Moät tam giaùc<br />

chöùa moät goùc tuø.<br />

octagon/baùt giaùc: Moät ña giaùc coù taùm caïnh.<br />

octahedron/baùt dieän: Moät khoái ña dieän coù<br />

taùm maët.<br />

odd number/soá leû: Moät soá nguyeân khoâng<br />

chia heát cho hai.<br />

odds/tæ soá troäi: Söï so saùnh giöõa keát quaû<br />

thuaän vaø keát quaû nghòch.<br />

odds against/tæ soá troäi nghòch: Tæ soá cuûa keát<br />

quaû nghòch treân keát quaû thuaän.<br />

odds in favor/tæ soá troäi thuaän: Tæ soá cuûa keát<br />

quaû thuaän treân keát quaû nghòch.<br />

opposites/caëp soá ñoái: Hai soá ñoái nhau qua<br />

goác 0 treân moät truïc soá, coøn ñöôïc goïi laø<br />

additive inverse (soá traùi daáu).<br />

order of operations/traät töï tính toaùn: Ñaây<br />

laø moät quy taéc tính caùc pheùp toaùn. Tröôùc tieân<br />

thöïc hieän caùc pheùp tính trong ngoaëc ñôn, sau<br />

ñoù tính luyõ thöøa vaø khai caên. Tieáp ñoù, thöïc<br />

hieän pheùp nhaân vaø chia theo chieàu töø traùi qua<br />

phaûi vaø cuoái cuøng laø thöïc hieän caùc pheùp coäng<br />

vaø tröø töø traùi qua phaûi.<br />

ordered pair/toaï ñoä moät ñieåm: Moät caëp soá<br />

duøng ñeå xaùc ñònh vò trí cuûa moät ñieåm treân maët<br />

phaúng toaï ñoä.<br />

origin/goác toaï ñoä: Ñieåm caét cuûa truïc hoaønh<br />

vaø truïc tung treân truïc toaï ñoä; (0, 0).<br />

orthographic drawing/veõ tröïc giao: Phöông<br />

phaùp veõ moät vaät theå baøng caùch veõ hình chieáu<br />

caùc maët caét ñöùng, ngang, beân cuûa vaät theå ñoù.<br />

outcome (probability)/keát quaû (xaùc suaát):<br />

Keát quaû khaû dó cuûa moät cuoäc thöïc nghieäm xaùc<br />

suaát.<br />

outlier/giaù trò naèm ngoaøi: Moät giaù trò nhoû hôn<br />

hay lôùn hôn khoaûng giaù trò cuûa moät taäp hôïp soá.<br />

output/giaù trò ñaàu ra: Giaù trò coù ñöôïc khi theá<br />

giaù trò ñaàu vaøo cho saün vaøo moät bieåu thöùc hay<br />

haøm soá.<br />

overestimate/öôùc tính cao hôn thöïc teá: Döï<br />

tính cao hôn thöïc teá.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 157 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

P<br />

parabola/bieåu ñoà phöông trình baäc hai:<br />

Bieåu ñoà moâ taû phöông trình baäc hai.<br />

parallel lines/ñöôøng thaúng song song: Caùc<br />

ñöôøng thaúng khoâng caét nhau.<br />

parallelogram/hình bình haønh: Töù giaùc vôùi<br />

hai caëp caïnh song song.<br />

Pascal’s triangle/tam giaùc Pascal: Moät söï saép<br />

xeáp caùc con soá theo hình tam giaùc trong ñoù<br />

moãi daõy soá baét ñaàu vaø keát thuùc baèng soá 1 vaø<br />

moãi soá khaùc ñöôïc tính baèng toång cuûa hai soá<br />

ñöùng phía treân noù.<br />

pentagon/nguõ giaùc: Moät ña giaùc coù naêm caïnh.<br />

percent/phaàn traêm: Moät tæ soá laáy goác so saùnh<br />

laø 100.<br />

Ví duï: 45% � 45 –––<br />

100


percent of change/phaàn traêm thay ñoåi: Giaù<br />

trò taêng – giaûm tính theo tæ leä phaàn traêm.<br />

percent of decrease/phaàm traêm giaûm: Söï<br />

giaûm veà löôïng tính baèng tæ leä phaàn traêm.<br />

percent of increase/phaàn traêm taêng: Söï taêng<br />

veà löôïng tính baèng tæ leä phaàn traêm.<br />

perfect square/bình phöông soá nguyeân: Soá<br />

bình phöông cuûa moät soá nguyeân.<br />

Ví duï: 5 � 5 � 25 vaø 72 � 49; 25 vaø 49 laø bình<br />

phöông cuûa moät soá nguyeân.<br />

perimeter/chu vi: Khoaûng caùch xung quanh<br />

moät hình ña giaùc.<br />

permutation/pheùp hoaùn vò: Moät söï saép xeáp<br />

caùc thöù hay söï kieän trong ñoù thöù töï laø quan<br />

troïng.<br />

perpendicular bisector/ñöôøng trung tröïc:<br />

Moät ñöôøng thaúng ñi qua trung ñieåm cuûa moät<br />

ñoaïn thaúng vaø vuoâng goùc vôùi ñoaïn thaúng ñoù.<br />

perpendicular lines/<br />

ñöôøng thaúng vuoâng goùc:<br />

Caùc ñöôøng thaúng giao nhau<br />

taïo thaønh moät goùc vuoâng.<br />

perspective/thuaät phoái caûnh:<br />

Moät phöông phaùp cho pheùp veõ caùc vaät theå ba<br />

chieàu treân moät maët phaúng nhöng vaãn theå hieän<br />

caùc chieàu cuûa vaät ñoù.<br />

pi (�)/pi (�): Tæ soá giöõa chu vi vaø ñöôøng<br />

kính cuûa moät ñöôøng troøn;<br />

� � 3.14 hay 22 ––<br />

7 .<br />

plane/maët phaúng: Moät beà maët phaúng khoâng<br />

coù giôùi haïn.<br />

Platonic solids/caùc hình khoái Platonic: Naêm<br />

hình ña dieän ñeàu bao goàm töù dieän, hình laäp<br />

phöông, baùt dieän, thaäp nhò dieän, vaø khoái hai<br />

möôi maët.<br />

point/ñieåm: Vò trí chính xaùc trong khoâng<br />

gian.<br />

point-slope form/phöông trình daïng ñieåmñoä<br />

doác: Phöông trình cuûa moät ñöôøng thaúng coù<br />

daïng y � y 1 � m(x � x 1 ), trong ñoù m laø ñoä<br />

doác vaø (x 1 , y 1 ) laø moät ñieåm xaùc ñònh treân<br />

ñöôøng thaúng.<br />

point symmetry/ñoái xöùng ñieåm: Moät hình veõ<br />

coù ñoái xöùng ñieåm neáu sau khi quay 180° thì<br />

noù truøng khôùp vôùi chính noù.<br />

polygon/ña giaùc: Moät hình kheùp kín treân maët<br />

phaúng ñöôïc taïo bôûi ba ñoaïn thaúng trôû leân, vaø<br />

caùc ñoaïn thaúng naøy chæ giao nhau ôû ñieåm keát<br />

thuùc (ñænh).<br />

polyhedron/ña dieän: Khoái hình hoïc ba chieàu<br />

trong ñoù taát caû caùc maët hay beà maët laø caùc hình<br />

ña giaùc.<br />

polynomial/ña thöùc: Moät bieåu thöùc ñaïi soá<br />

bao goàm caùc toång hoaëc hieäu cuûa hai hay<br />

nhieàu soá haïng.<br />

population/toång theå: Toaøn boä ñoái töôïng<br />

ñöôïc xem xeùt trong moät ñôït thaêm doø.<br />

positive correlation/töông quan khaúng ñònh:<br />

Hai taäp hôïp soá ñöôïc xem laø coù töông quan<br />

khaúng ñònh khi giaù trò cuûa taäp hôïp naøy taêng<br />

(giaûm) keøm theo söï taêng (giaûm) cuûa giaù trò taäp<br />

hôïp kia.<br />

positive integer/soá nguyeân döông: Moät soá<br />

nguyeân lôùn hôn 0.<br />

power/luõy thöøa: Moät soá ñöôïc tính baèng caùch<br />

naâng moät cô soá leân moät soá muõ.<br />

Ví duï: 2 3 � 8, vì theá 8 laø 2 luõy thöøa 3.<br />

precision/ñoä chính xaùc: Möùc ñoä chính xaùc<br />

cuûa moät soá ño, ñöôïc xaùc ñònh baèng ñôn vò ño.<br />

prediction/ñieàu döï ñoaùn: Moät ñieàu gì ñoù<br />

ñöôïc baùo laø coù theå xaûy ra trong töông lai.<br />

prime factorization/daïng phaân tích ra thöøa<br />

soá nguyeân toá: Moät soá ñöôïc vieát döôùi daïng<br />

tích soá cuûa caùc thöøa soá nguyeân toá.<br />

Ví duï: 10 � 2 � 5, 24 � 23 � 3<br />

prime number/soá nguyeân toá: Moät soá nguyeân<br />

lôùn hôn 1 vaø chæ chia heát cho 1 vaø chính noù.<br />

principal/voán goác: Khoaûn tieàn vay hay tích<br />

luõy ñöôïc ban ñaàu.<br />

principal square root/giaù trò caên baäc hai<br />

döông: Soá döông khi bình phöông leân seõ laø<br />

giaù trò döôùi caên.<br />

Ví duï: ��25 � 5. 5 laø giaù trò caên baäc hai döông.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 158 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


prism/hình laêng truï: Moät hình ña dieän coù hai<br />

maët ñaùy laø hai ña giaùc coù cuøng ñoaøn heä vaø<br />

caùc maët beân laø hình bình haønh.<br />

probability/xaùc suaát: Khaû naêng xaûy ra cuûa<br />

moät söï kieän ñöôïc gaùn caùc giaù trò töø 0 ñeán 1<br />

(hay 0% ñeán 100%).<br />

product/tích soá: Keát quaû nhaân cuûa hai hay<br />

nhieàu soá.<br />

proper fraction/phaân soá thöïc söï: Moät phaân<br />

soá coù töû soá nhoû hôn maãu soá.<br />

Ví duï: 3 –<br />

4 , 1 ––<br />

12 , 7 –<br />

8<br />

proportion/tæ leä thöùc: Phöông trình chöùng<br />

minh raèng hai tæ soá töông ñöông nhau.<br />

protractor/thöôùc ño goùc: Coâng cuï ño goùc.<br />

pyramid/hình choùp: Khoái ña<br />

dieän coù ñaùy laø moät ña giaùc vaø<br />

caùc maët beân laø caùc tam giaùc coù<br />

chung moät ñænh.<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/Ñònh Lyù Pitago:<br />

Trong moät tam giaùc vuoâng, bình phöông caïnh<br />

huyeàn baèng toång bình phöông hai caïnh goùc<br />

vuoâng.<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/goùc (cung) phaàn tö: Truïc tung vaø<br />

truïc hoaønh cuûa moät maët phaúng chia maët phaúng<br />

ñoù thaønh 4 mieàn, moãi mieàn ñöôïc goïi laø moät<br />

cung phaàn tö.<br />

quadratic equation/phöông trình baäc hai:<br />

Moät phöông trình coù daïng ax 2 � bx � c � 0,<br />

trong ñoù a � 0.<br />

quadratic function/haøm soá baäc hai: Haøm soá<br />

coù daïng y � ax 2 � bx � c, vôùi a � 0.<br />

Ví duï: y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y � �3x 2<br />

quadrilateral/töù giaùc: Ña giaùc coù 4 caïnh.<br />

quarterly/haèng quí: Boán laàn moät naêm.<br />

quartile/töùù phaân vò: Ba giaù trò, bao goàm giaù<br />

trò ñieåm giöõa, chia moät daõy soá laøm boán phaàn.<br />

Xem muïc first quantile (töù phaân vò thöù nhaát),<br />

third quantile (töù phaân vò thöù ba).<br />

quotient/thöông soá: Keát quaû thu ñöôïc khi<br />

ñem chia moät soá cho moät soá khaùc.<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/kyù hieäu caên: Kyù hieäu � �<br />

ñöôïc duøng ñeå chæ giaù trò caên baäc hai döông<br />

cuûa moät soá.<br />

radius/baùn kính: Ñoaïn thaúng<br />

noái töø taâm ñöôøng troøn ñeán<br />

moät ñieåm treân ñöôøng troøn ñoù,<br />

hoaëc ñoä daøi ñoaïn thaúng ñoù.<br />

random numbers/soá ngaãu<br />

nhieân: Trong moät taäp hôïp caùc soá ngaãu nhieân,<br />

moãi soá ñöôïc choïn vôùi xaùc suaát nhö nhau.<br />

random sample/maãu ngaãu nhieân: Moät maãu<br />

trong ñoù moãi ñoái töôïng cuûa toång theå maãu ñöôïc<br />

choïn vôùi xaùc suaát nhö nhau.<br />

range (in statistics)/khoaûng giaù trò (trong<br />

thoáng keâ): Laø hieäu giöõa giaù trò cao nhaát vaø<br />

giaù trò nhoû nhaát cuûa moät daõy soá.<br />

range (in a function)/khoaûng giaù trò (haøm<br />

soá): Taäp hôïp taát caû caùc giaù trò khaû dó cuûa moät<br />

haøm soá.<br />

rate/tæ leä: Tæ leä so saùnh hai soá löôïng ôû caùc<br />

ñôn vò ño löôøng khaùc nhau.<br />

Ví duï: Giôùi haïn toác ñoä laø 55 daëm moät giôø hay<br />

55 mi/h.<br />

rate of interest/laõi suaát: Tæ leä phaàn traêm tieàn<br />

lôøi hay chi phí phaûi traû tính treân moät khoaûn<br />

tieàn. Xem simple interest (laõi ñôn).<br />

ratio/tæ soá: So saùnh hai soá löôïng baèng caùch<br />

chia cho nhau.<br />

Ví duï: 12 to 25, 12:25, 12 ––<br />

25<br />

rational number/soá höõu tæ: Baát cöù soá naøo<br />

ñöôïc dieãn ñaït döôùi daïng tæ soá cuûa hai soá<br />

nguyeân.<br />

Ví duï: 6 coù theå ñöôïc dieãn ñaït laø 6 –<br />

1 vaø 0.5 laø 1 –<br />

2 .<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 159 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


ay/tia: Moät phaàn cuûa moät ñöôøng thaúng baét<br />

ñaàu töø moät ñieåm vaø keùo daøi voâ taän.<br />

real number/soá thöïc: Moät soá voâ tæ hay soá<br />

höõu tæ.<br />

reciprocal/soá nghòch ñaûo: Khi moät soá ñöôïc<br />

nhaân vôùi soá nghòch ñaûo cuûa noù thì tích soá<br />

baèng 1; coøn goïi laø multiplicative inverse (soá<br />

ñoái nhaân).<br />

Ví duï: Nghòch ñaûo cuûa 2 – 3 laø 3 – 2 vaø cuûa soá n laø 1 – n .<br />

rectangle/hình chöõ nhaät: Hình bình haønh coù<br />

4 goùc vuoâng.<br />

rectangular prism/<br />

laêng truï chöõ nhaät: Khoái<br />

ña dieän coù hai maët ñaùy laø<br />

hình chöõ nhaät coøn caùc maët<br />

beân laø hình bình haønh.<br />

reduction/ruùt goïn/thu nhoû: Thu nhoû kích côõ<br />

theo moïi chieàu.<br />

reflection/phaûn xaï: Laät moät hình sang phía<br />

beân kia cuûa moät ñöôøng thaúng.<br />

regular pyramid/hình choùp ñeàu: Hình choùp<br />

coù ñaùy laø moät ña giaùc ñeàu vaø caùc maët beân coù<br />

cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

regular polygon/ña giaùc ñeàu: Ña giaùc coù caùc<br />

caïnh vaø goùc coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

regular tessellation/khoái gheùp ñeàu: Moät khoái<br />

gheùp ñöôïc taïo thaønh töø caùc ña giaùc ñeàu.<br />

relatively prime/quan heä nguyeân toá: Hai soá<br />

ñöôïc goïi laø coù quan heä nguyeân toá neáu öôùc soá<br />

chung lôùn nhaát cuûa chuùng laø 1.<br />

Ví duï: 7 vaø 15 laø hai soá coù quan heä nguyeân toá.<br />

repeating decimal/soá thaäp phaân tuaàn hoaøn:<br />

Soá thaäp phaân coù moät trong caùc soá ñuoâi laëp laïi<br />

voâ haïn.<br />

Ví duï: 0.757575… � 0.75 ���<br />

rhombus/hình thoi: Hình bình haønh coù taát caû<br />

caùc caïnh baèng nhau.<br />

right angle/goùc vuoâng: Moät goùc coù soá ño 90°.<br />

right cylinder/hình truï ñöùng: Moät hình truï<br />

coù hai maët ñaùy hình troøn song song vôùi nhau<br />

vaø vuoâng goùc vôùi maët beân.<br />

right cone/hình noùn ñöùng: Moät hình noùn<br />

trong ñoù ñöôøng thaúng ñi xuyeân qua taâm cuûa<br />

ñaùy ñöôïc noái töø ñaùy ñeán ñænh.<br />

right triangle/tam giaùc vuoâng: Tam giaùc coù<br />

moät goùc vuoâng.<br />

rise/bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc tung: Ñoä<br />

giao ñoäng treân truïc tung khi dòch chuyeån moät<br />

ñieåm doïc theo ñöôøng thaúng coù ñoä doác ñöôïc<br />

tính baèng tæ leä “bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc<br />

tung”/“bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc hoaønh”.<br />

rotation/pheùp quay: Pheùp dòch chuyeån trong<br />

ñoù moät hình ñöôïc quay xung quanh moät ñieåm.<br />

rotational symmetry/ñoái xöùng quay: Moät<br />

hình coù ñoái xöùng quay neáu hình ñoù truøng laép<br />

vôùi hình ban ñaàu sau khi quay vôùi moät goùc nhoû<br />

hôn 360° xung quanh moät ñieåm trung taâm.<br />

rounding/laøm troøn: Thay moät soá baèng moät<br />

soá khaùc coù giaù trò gaàn nhaát vôùi noù theo moät<br />

haøng giaù trò cho saün.<br />

Ví duï: 2,354 ñöôïc laøm troøn theo ñôn vò nghìn<br />

(1,000) gaàn nhaát laø 2,000; ñöôïc laøm troøn<br />

ñeán ñôn vò traêm (100) gaàn nhaát laø 2,400.<br />

run/bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc hoaønh: Ñoä<br />

giao ñoäng treân truïc hoaønh khi dòch chuyeån moät<br />

ñieåm doïc theo ñöôøng thaúng coù ñoä doác ñöôïc<br />

tính baèng tæ leä “bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc<br />

tung”/ “bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc hoaønh”.<br />

S<br />

sales tax/thueá doanh thu: Phaàn traêm (%) tính<br />

treân doanh soá haøng hoaù baùn ra nhaèm thu tieàn<br />

cho ngaân saùch cuûa chính phuû.<br />

sample/maãu: Boä phaän cuûa toång theå<br />

sample space/khoâng gian maãu: Taát caû caùc<br />

keát quaû khaû dó trong moät cuoäc thí nghieäm.<br />

scale/thang tæ leä: Tæ soá giöõa hai heä ño löôøng.<br />

scale drawing/veõ theo tæ leä: Phöông phaùp veõ<br />

söû duïng moät thang tæ leä ñeå phoùng to hay thu<br />

nhoû hình goác.<br />

scale factor/heä soá tæ leä: Tæ leä duøng cho vieäc<br />

thu nhoû hay phoùng to caùc hình ñoàng daïng.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 160 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


scale model/moâ hình tæ leä: Moät moâ hình vaät<br />

theå ba chieàu ñöôïc phoùng to – thu nhoû theo tæ<br />

leä naøo ñoù so vôùi vaät maãu thaät.<br />

scalene triangle/tam giaùc leäch: Tam giaùc vôùi<br />

caùc caïnh khoâng cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

scatter plot/ñoà thò phaân taùn: Moät ñoà thò coù<br />

caùc ñieåm chaám ñeå theå hieän moái quan heä giöõa<br />

hai nhoùm döõ lieäu.<br />

scientific notation/kyù hieäu khoa hoïc:<br />

Phöông phaùp vieát moät soá cöïc lôùn hay cöïc nhoû<br />

döôùi daïng luyõ thöøa cuûa 10.<br />

second differences/hieäu soá baäc hai: Moät daõy<br />

soá ñöôïc tính töø hieäu cuûa hieäu caùc soá haïng<br />

trong daõy soá.<br />

second quartile/töù phaân vò thöù hai: Giaù trò<br />

ñieåm giöõa cuûa moät taäp hôïp soá.<br />

sector/hình quaït: Phaàn maët phaúng ñöôïc<br />

khoanh laïi bôûi 2 baùn kính vaø moät cung noái hai<br />

ñieåm keát thuùc cuûa baùn kính ñoù.<br />

sector (data)/goùc (döõ lieäu): Moät phaàn cuûa<br />

moät bieåu ñoà hình troøn ñaïi dieän cho moät taäp soá<br />

naøo ñoù.<br />

segment/ñoaïn thaúng: Phaàn cuûa ñöôøng thaúûng<br />

bò giôùi haïn bôûi hai ñieåm.<br />

semiregular tessellation/khoái gheùp baùn ñeàu:<br />

Moät khoái gheùp ñöôïc taïo bôûi hai hay nhieàu ña<br />

giaùc ñeàu coù ñænh truøng nhau.<br />

sequence/chuoãi: Moät daõy caùc soá ñöôïc xeáp<br />

theo moät traät töï naøo ñoù.<br />

set/taäp: Moät nhoùm caùc soá.<br />

side/caïnh: Moät ñoaïn thaúng vieàn moät khoái<br />

hình hoïc, ngaên caùch hình ñoù vôùi phaàn beân<br />

ngoaøi.<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/Quy Taéc Caïnh-Goùc-<br />

Caïnh: Moät quy taéc noùi raèng neáu hai caïnh vaø<br />

goùc naèm giöõa hai caïnh ñoù trong moät tam giaùc<br />

coù cuøng ñoaøn heä vôùi hai caïnh vaø goùc naèm<br />

giöõa hai caïnh ñoù trong moät tam giaùc khaùc thì<br />

hai tam giaùc ñoù coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/Caïnh-Caïnh-Caïnh:<br />

Theo quy taéc naøy, neáu ba caïnh cuûa moät tam<br />

giaùc coù cuøng ñoaøn heä vôùi ba caïnh cuûa moät<br />

tam giaùc khaùc, thì hai tam giaùc ñoù coù cuøng<br />

ñoaøn heä.<br />

significant digits/chöõ soá coù nghóa: Caùc chöõ<br />

soá (soá lieäu) duøng ñeå dieãn taû ñoä chính xaùc cuûa<br />

moät ñôn vò ño.<br />

similar/ñoàng daïng: Caùc hình coù cuøng hình<br />

daïng nhöng khoâng nhaát thieát coù kích thöôùc<br />

baèng nhau.<br />

simple interest/laõi suaát ñôn: Tæ leä phaàn traêm<br />

tính treân voán goác ñöôïc tính baèng coâng thöùc<br />

I � prt trong ñoù p laø voán ban ñaàu, r laø tæ leä laõi<br />

suaát vaø t laø thôøi gian tính laõi.<br />

simplest form/daïng toái giaûn: Phaân soá döôùi<br />

daïng toái giaûn laø phaân soá coù töû soá vaø maãu soá coù<br />

öôùc soá chung duy nhaát laø 1.<br />

simplify/toái giaûn: Chuyeån moät phaân soá hoaëc<br />

bieåu thöùc veà daïng toái giaûn.<br />

simulation/söï moâ phoûng: Laø moät moâ hình<br />

thöïc nghieäm, thöôøng laø tröôøng hôïp raát khoù<br />

thöïc hieän vaø toán thôøi gian neáu ñöa ra kieåm<br />

nghieäm trong thöïc teá.<br />

sine (sin)/haøm sin: Trong moät tam giaùc<br />

vuoâng, sin laø tæ soá giöõa ñoä daøi caïnh ñoái cuûa<br />

goùc nhoïn vaø caïnh huyeàn.<br />

skew lines/ñöôøng thaúng leäch nhau: Laø caùc<br />

ñöôøng thaúng khoâng caét nhau vaø cuõng khoâng<br />

song song vôùi nhau, naèm treân caùc maët phaúng<br />

khaùc nhau.<br />

slant height/chieàu cao beân cuûa hình noùn:<br />

Khoaûng caùch töø ñaùy cuûa hình noùn ñeán ñænh,<br />

chaïy doïc theo maët beân cuûa hình noùn ñoù.<br />

slope/heä soá doác: Phöông phaùp ño ñoä doác cuûa<br />

moät ñöôøng thaúng treân maët phaúng toaï ñoä baèng<br />

caùch laáy “bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc tung”<br />

chia cho “bieân ñoä giao ñoäng treân truïc hoaønh”.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 161 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


slope-intercept form/phöông trình ñöôøng<br />

thaúng vôùi heä soá doác: Phöông trình tuyeán tính<br />

vieát döôùi daïng y � mx � b, trong ñoù m laø heä<br />

soá doác vaø b laø ñieåm caét treân truïc tung.<br />

solid figure/hình khoái: Hình aûnh ba chieàu.<br />

solution of an equation/nghieäm phöông<br />

trình: Moät hay nhieàu giaù trò laøm cho phöông<br />

trình caân baèng.<br />

solution of an inequality/nghieäm baát<br />

phöông trình: Moät hay nhieàu giaù trò laøm cho<br />

baát phöông trình phaûn aùnh ñuùng chieàu cuûa noù.<br />

solution of a system of equations/nghieäm<br />

cuûa heä phöông trình: Moät hay nhieàu giaù trò<br />

laø cho heä phöông trình caân baèng.<br />

solution set/taäp nghieäm: Taäp hôïp caùc giaù trò<br />

laøm cho moät baøi toaùn ñuùng.<br />

solve/giaûi: Tìm lôøi giaûi hay nghieäm.<br />

space figure/hình khoâng gian: Hình coù ba<br />

chieàu.<br />

sphere/hình caàu: Moät hình ba chieàu vôùi taát caû<br />

caùc ñieåm caùch ñieåm trung taâm moät khoaûng<br />

caùch nhö nhau.<br />

square (geometry)/hình vuoâng (trong hình<br />

hoïc): Hình chöõ nhaät coù 4 caïnh baèng nhau.<br />

square (numeration)/bình phöông (trong soá<br />

hoïc): Moät soá ñöôïc naâng leân luyõ thöøa baäc hai.<br />

Ví duï: Trong soá 52 , soá 5 ñöôïc bình phöông leân.<br />

square number/soá bình phöông: Laø tích cuûa<br />

moät soá vôùi chính noù.<br />

Ví duï: 25 laø moät soá bình phöông. 5 � 5 � 25<br />

square root/soá khai caên baäc hai: Khi bình<br />

phöông soá ñoù ta coù ñöôïc giaù trò döôùi caên.<br />

Ví duï: 16 � 4 � 4, hay 16 ��4 ��4, neân 4<br />

vaø �4 laø soá khai caên baäc hai cuûa 16.<br />

standard form (in numeration)/daïng chuaån<br />

(trong soá hoïc): Moät soá ñöôïc vieát döôùi daïng<br />

caùc chöõ soá.<br />

Ví duï: daïng chuaån cuûa naêm ngaøn hai traêm<br />

möôøi laø 5,210.<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/ñoà thò thaân-vaø-laù: Moät<br />

loaïi ñoà thò duøng ñeå toå chöùc vaø trình baøy caùc<br />

döõ lieäu nhaèm so saùnh caùc taàn soá xuaát hieän.<br />

straight angle/goùc beït: Goùc coù soá ño 180°.<br />

stratified sample/maãu phaân taàng: Maáu cuûa<br />

moät toång theå ñaõ ñöôïc phaân thaønh caùc nhoùm phuï.<br />

subset/taäp hôïp phuï: Moät taäp hôïp naèm trong<br />

moät taäp hôïp khaùc lôùn hôn.<br />

substitute/pheùp theá: Theá moät soá hoaëc bieåu<br />

thöùc vaøo moät bieán soá trong moät bieåu thöùc ñaïi soá.<br />

Subtraction Property of Equality/Quy Taéc<br />

Tröø Ñeàu Cuûa Ñaúng Thöùc: Theo quy taéc naøy,<br />

khi tröø hai veá cuûa moät phöông trình cho cuøng<br />

moät soá thì phöông trình ñoù coù cuøng nghieäm<br />

vôùi phöông trình cuõ.<br />

sum/toång: Keát quaû coäng cuûa hai hay nhieàu soá.<br />

supplementary angles/goùc phuï: Hai goùc coù<br />

toång baèng 180°.<br />

surface area/dieän tích beà maët: Toång dieän tích<br />

cuûa caùc maët hay beà maët cuûa moät hình ba chieàu.<br />

system of equations/heä phöông trình: Heä<br />

goàm coù hai phöông trình trôû leân vôùi hai hay<br />

nhieàu bieán soá.<br />

system of linear equations/heä phöông trình<br />

tuyeán tính: Hai hay nhieàu phöông trình tuyeán<br />

tính ñöôïc veõ treân cuøng moät maët phaúûng toaï ñoä.<br />

systematic sample/maãu heä thoáng: Moät maãu<br />

choïn töø moät toång theå theo caùch coù söû duïng<br />

moät khuoân maãu löïa choïn nhaát ñònh.<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/soá tang: Trong moät tam giaùc<br />

vuoâng, tang baèng chieàu daøi caïnh ñoái dieän cuûa<br />

goùc nhoïn chia cho ñoä daøi caïnh goùc vuoâng keà<br />

vôùi goùc nhoïn ñoù.<br />

tangent (to a circle)/tieáp tuyeán (cuûa moät<br />

ñöôøng troøn): Ñöôøng thaúng tieáp xuùc vôùi ñöôøng<br />

troøn taïi moät ñieåm duy nhaát.<br />

term (in an expression)/soá haïng (trong moät<br />

bieåu thöùc): Phaàn cuûa moät bieåu thöùc ñöôïc<br />

coäng hay tröø.<br />

Ví duï: 5x2 laø moät bieåu thöùc vôùi 1 soá haïng,<br />

�10 laø moät bieåu thöùc coù 1 soá haïng,<br />

vaø x � 1 laø bieåu thöùc coù hai soá haïng.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 162 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


term (in a sequence)/soá (trong moät daõy soá):<br />

Yeáu toá hay moät soá trong moät daõy soá.<br />

terminating decimal/soá thaäp phaân höõu haïn:<br />

Moät soá thaäp phaân coù ñieåm cuoái hay ñieåm keát<br />

thuùc.<br />

Ví duï: 6.75<br />

tessellation/hình laép gheùp: Moät caáu truùc laëp<br />

ñi laëp laïi cuûa caùc hình phaúng che phuû moät<br />

maët phaúng maø khoâng truøng laép hay chöøa moät<br />

keõ hôû naøo.<br />

tetrahedron/töù dieän: Moät ña dieän coù boán maët.<br />

theoretical probability/xaùc suaát lyù thuyeát:<br />

Tæ soá giöõa soá keát quaû khaû dó töông ñöông trong<br />

moät söï kieän so vôùi toång soá keát quaû khaû dó.<br />

third quartile/ñieåm töù phaân vò thöù ba: Giaù<br />

trò ñieåm giöõa nöûa treân cuûa taäp hôïp soá. Coøn goïi<br />

laø upper quantile (ñieåm töù phaân vò treân).<br />

tip/tieàn boa: Tieàn traû theâm cho moät dòch vuï<br />

vaø thöôøng ñöôïc tính theo tæ leä phaàn traêm cuûa<br />

soá tieàn treân hoùa ñôn thanh toaùn.<br />

transformation/pheùp bieán ñoåi: Söï thay ñoåi<br />

veà kích thöôùc vaø vò trí cuûa moät hình.<br />

translation/pheùp tònh tieán: Söï dòch chuyeån<br />

(tröôït) moät hình doïc theo moät ñöôøng thaúng.<br />

transversal/ñöôøng caét: Ñöôøng thaúng caét hai<br />

hay nhieàu ñöôøng thaúng khaùc.<br />

trapezoid/hình thang: Töù giaùc coù ñuùng moät<br />

caëp caïnh song song.<br />

tree diagram/bieåu ñoà hình caây: Bieååu ñoà vôùi<br />

nhieàu nhaùnh, moãi nhaùnh laø taäp hôïp cuûa nhieàu<br />

khaû naêng coù theå xaûy ra cuûa moät söï kieän.<br />

trial/pheùp thöû: Trong xaùc suaát, moät pheùp thöû<br />

laø moät laàn laëp laïi hay moät quan saùt trong moät<br />

cuoäc thöïc nghieäm.<br />

triangle/tam giaùc: Ña giaùc ba caïnh.<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/Ñònh Lyù Veà Toång<br />

Ba Goùc Cuûa Moät Tam Giaùc: Ñònh lyù noùi<br />

raèng toång ba goùc trong moät tam giaùc baèng<br />

180°.<br />

triangular prism/laêng<br />

truï tam giaùc: Khoái ña<br />

dieän coù caùc ñaùy laø hình<br />

tam giaùc vaø caùc maët beân<br />

laø hình bình haønh.<br />

trigonometric ratios/tæ soá löôïng giaùc: Caùc tæ<br />

soá so saùnh chieàu daøi caùc caïnh cuûa moät tam giaùc<br />

vuoâng. Caùc tæ soá phoå bieán laø sin, tang, vaø cos.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 163 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

U<br />

unbiased sample/maãu khoâng thieân leäch:<br />

Moät maãu khoâng thieân leäch neáu xaùc suaát löïa<br />

choïn töøng ñoái töôïng trong toång theå maãu laø<br />

nhö nhau.<br />

underestimate/öôùc tính thaáp hôn thöïc teá:<br />

Keát quaû öôùc löôïng thaáp hôn thöïc teá.<br />

union/taäp hôïp chung: Moät nhoùm caùc yeáu toá<br />

cuøng thuoäc hai hay nhieàu nhoùm taäp döõ lieäu.<br />

unit conversion/chuyeån ñoåi ñôn vò ño: Quaù<br />

trình chuyeån ñoåi moät ñôn vò ño löôøng sang<br />

moät heä ño khaùc.<br />

unit conversion factor/heä soá chuyeån ñoåi<br />

ñôn vò: Heä soá ñöôïc duøng ñeå chuyeån ñoåi ñôn<br />

vò ño löôøng trong ñoù töû soá vaø maãu soá ñaïi<br />

dieän cho cuøng moät löôïng chaát nhöng ôû caùc<br />

ñôn vò ño khaùc nhau.<br />

60 phuùt 1 giôø<br />

Ví duï: 1 giôø<br />

hay 60 phuùt<br />

unit price/ñôn giaù: Ñôn vò ñöôïc duøng ñeå so<br />

saùnh giaù caû haøng hoaù.<br />

unit rate/tæ leä ñôn vò: Moät tæ leä trong ñoù soá<br />

löôïng thöù hai töông ñöông vôùi moät ñôn vò.<br />

Ví duï: 10 cm/phuùt<br />

unlike fractions/phaân soá khaùc maãu: Caùc<br />

phaân soá coù maãu soá khaùc nhau.<br />

Ví duï: 3 –<br />

4 vaø 1 –<br />

2 laø hai phaân soá khaùc nhau.<br />

upper extreme/giôùi haïn treân: Giaù trò lôùn nhaát<br />

trong moät taäp hôïp soá.<br />

upper quartile/ñieåm töù phaân vò treân: Soá<br />

ñöùng giöõa nöûa treân cuûa moät daõy soá. Coøn goïi<br />

laø third quartile (ñieåm töù phaân vò thöù ba).


V<br />

vanishing point/ñieåm aûo: Trong caùch veõ phoái<br />

caûnh, caùc ñöôøng thaúng chaïy ra voâ taän döôøng<br />

nhö gaëp nhau taïi moät ñieåm goïi laø ñieåm aûo.<br />

variability/söï bieán thieân: Söï giao ñoäng veà<br />

giaù trò cuûa moät nhoùm döõ lieäu.<br />

variable/bieán soá: Bieåu töôïng duøng ñeå ñaïi<br />

dieän cho moät soá löôïng coù theå thay ñoåi.<br />

Venn diagram/bieåu ñoà Ven: Bieåu ñoà duøng ñeå<br />

theå hieän moái quan heä giöõa caùc nhoùm so.<br />

verbal expression/phaàn trình baøy baèng töø<br />

ngöõ: Töø hay cuïm töø.<br />

vertex/ñænh: Trong moät goùc hay moät ña giaùc,<br />

ñænh laø ñieåm giao nhau cuûa hai caïnh beân;<br />

trong moät khoái ña dieän, ñænh laø nôi giao nhau<br />

cuûa ba hay nhieàu maët beân; trong moät hình<br />

choùp hay choùp noùn, ñænh laø ñieåm treân cuøng.<br />

vertical angles/<br />

goùc ñoái ñænh: Hai<br />

a<br />

b<br />

c<br />

goùc coù cuøng ñoaøn<br />

heä ñöôïc hình thaønh<br />

d<br />

bôûi hai ñöôøng thaúng giao nhau. Trong hình<br />

veõ, goùc �a vaø �c coù cuøng ñoaøn heä, �b vaø<br />

�d coù cuøng ñoaøn heä.<br />

volume/theå tích: Soá ñôn vò khoái caàn thieát ñeå<br />

ñoå ñaày moät khoaûng troáng nhaát ñònh.<br />

W<br />

withholding tax/thueá giöõ laïi: Phaàn khaáu tröø<br />

vaøo thu nhaäp cuûa moät ngöôøi nhö laø moät phaàn<br />

thueá thu nhaäp traû tröôùc.<br />

X<br />

x-axis/truïc hoaønh: Truïc naèm ngang treân maët<br />

phaúng toaï ño.<br />

x-coordinate/toaï ñoä truïc hoaønh: Soá thöù nhaát<br />

trong caëp soá xaùc ñònh toaï ñoä cuûa moät ñieåm.<br />

Noù xaùc ñònh khoaûng caùch sang traùi hay phaûi<br />

töø ñieåm goác (0, 0).<br />

Ví duï: 5 laø toaï ñoä treân truïc hoaønh cuûa ñieåm<br />

(5, 3).<br />

x-intercept/ñieåm caét truïc hoaønh: Toaï ñoä cuûa<br />

ñieåm giao nhau giöõa ñoà thò vôùi truïc hoaønh.<br />

Y<br />

y-axis/truïc tung: Truïc ñöùng treân maët phaúng<br />

toaï ñoä.<br />

y-coordinate/toaï ñoä truïc tung: Soá thöù hai<br />

trong caëp soá xaùc ñònh toaï ñoä cuûa moät ñieåm.<br />

Noù xaùc ñònh khoaûng caùch leân hay xuoáng töø<br />

ñieåm goác (0, 0).<br />

Ví duï: 3 laø toaï ñoä treân truïc hoaønh cuûa ñieåm<br />

(5, 3).<br />

y-intercept/ñieåm caét truïc tung: Toaï ñoä cuûa<br />

ñieåm giao nhau giöõa ñoà thò vôùi truïc tung.<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/caëp soá ñoái: Moät soá vaø soá traùi daáu<br />

cuûa noù khi coäng laïi coù toång baèng 0.<br />

Ví duï: 18 vaø –18<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 164 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


A<br />

absolute value/valè absoli: Distans depi zewo<br />

pou rive nan nonm la sou yon dwat nimerik;<br />

senbòl li se � �.<br />

Ekzanp: � �5 � � 5<br />

accuracy/presizyon/ekzaktitid: Kijan yon<br />

mezi, osnon yon valè, pre vre mezi a, osnon<br />

valè ekzat la.<br />

acute angle/ang egi: Ang ki pi piti pase 90°.<br />

acute triangle/triyang egi: Triyang kote tout<br />

ang yo pi piti pase 90°.<br />

addend/tèm adisyon: Yon nonm ou mete sou<br />

yon lòt osnon plizyè lòt pou fè yon sòm.<br />

Ekzanp: Nan ekspresyon 4 � 6 � 7, 4, 6, ak 7<br />

se tèm adisyon an.<br />

Addition Property of Equality/Pwopriyete<br />

adisyon nan ekwasyon: Pwopriyete sa di: Si w<br />

adisyone yon menm nonm nan chak manm<br />

yon ekwasyon, nouvo ekwasyon an genyen<br />

menm solisyon ak ansyen ekwasyon an.<br />

Addition Property of Opposites/Pwopriyete<br />

adisyon envès: Si w adisyone de nonm opoze,<br />

sòm la egal zewo.<br />

Ekzanp: 12 � (�12) � 0; a � (�a) � 0<br />

additive inverse/envès pou adisyon: Nonm<br />

opoze.<br />

Ekzanp: Envès 6 pou adisyon se �6.<br />

adjacent angles/ang adjasan:<br />

Tout ang ki nan yon menm<br />

plan, ki gen yon menm somè,<br />

b<br />

a<br />

epi ki gen yon kote an komen.<br />

algebraic expression/ekspresyon aljebrik:<br />

Yon ekspresyon ki genyen o mwen yon<br />

varyab.<br />

algebraic inequality/inekwasyon aljebrik:<br />

Yon inekwasyon ki genyen o mwen yon<br />

varyab.<br />

Ekzanp: x � 3 � 1; 5a � b � 3<br />

alternate exterior angles/ang altèn ekstèn:<br />

De ang ki plase deyò de<br />

liy paralèl yon liy<br />

transvèsal kwaze yo.<br />

a b<br />

�a ak �d,epi �b ak �c<br />

se de pè ang altèn ekstèn.<br />

c d<br />

alternate interior angles/ang altèn entèn:<br />

De ang ki sou anndan<br />

de liy paralèl yon liy<br />

r s<br />

transvèsal koupe. �r ak<br />

�v epi �s ak �t se ang<br />

altèn entèn.<br />

t v<br />

altitude/altitid: Distans ki genyen depi yon<br />

somè yon polygòn, pou rive nan baz opoze a,<br />

distans sa mezire sou yon dwat ki pèpandikilè<br />

ak baz la, osnon sou pwolonjman baz la.<br />

angle/ang: Figi ki fòme ak de demi dwat ki<br />

genyen yon menm orijin ki rele somè.<br />

angle bisector/bisekstris yon<br />

ang: Liy, segman, osnon demi<br />

N<br />

P<br />

dwat ki divize yon ang an de<br />

O<br />

pati egal.<br />

M<br />

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)/Ang-Kote-Ang<br />

(AKA): Règ ki di ke si de triyang gen de ang<br />

ki egal epi kote ki antre de ang yo egal, alò de<br />

triyang yo egal.<br />

arc/ak: Yon mòso yon sèk. Non ak la se non<br />

de ekstremite li yo.<br />

area/sifas: Kantite inite mezi sifas ki nesesè<br />

pou kouvri yon zòn.<br />

arithemetic sequence/swit aritmetik: Lis<br />

nonm kote diferans ant de tèm ki youn apre<br />

lòt pa janm chanje.<br />

Associative Property/Pwopriyete<br />

asosyativite: Nan adisyon: Pwopriyete ki di:<br />

pou tout nonm a, b, c sòm nonm sa yo toujou<br />

menm bagay, kelkeswa jan nou gwoupe yo a:<br />

a � b � c � (a � b) � c � a � (b � c)<br />

Nan miltiplikasyon: Pwopriyete ki di: pou<br />

tout nonm a, b, c pwodwi nonm sa yo toujou<br />

menm bagay, kelkeswa jan nou gwoupe yo a:<br />

a · b · c � (a · b) · c � a · (b · c)<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


asymmetry/asimetrik: Ki pa idantik pa rapò<br />

a yon liy santral. Ki pa simetrik.<br />

average/mwayèn: Sòm tout done ki nan yon<br />

ansanm divize pa nonm done ki genyen nan<br />

ansanm la.<br />

average deviation/eka mwayen: Distans<br />

mwayèn ant yon done epi mwayèn la.<br />

axes/aks: De liy pèpandikilè nan yon plan<br />

koòdone ki kwaze nan orijin la.<br />

B<br />

back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot/dyagram tij<br />

ak fèy dopoudo: Yon dyagram tij ak fèy ki<br />

konpare de ansanm done. Yon ansanm done a<br />

dwat tij la, lòt ansanm done a, a gòch tij la.<br />

bar graph/dyagram an baton: Grafik ki itilize<br />

swa ba orizontal, swa ba vètikal pou<br />

reprezante done yo.<br />

base (in numeration)/baz (nan nimerasyon):<br />

Lè nou leve yon nonm a yon pwisans, nonm<br />

nou itilize tankou faktè a, se baz la.<br />

Ekzanp: 3 2 � 3 · 3; 3 se baz la.<br />

base (of a polygon or three-dimensional<br />

figure)/baz (yon polygòn, osnon yon figi ki<br />

genyen twa dimansyon): Yon kote polygòn;<br />

osnon yon fas solid la yo itilize pou mezire li,<br />

osnon pou klase li.<br />

Baz yon<br />

silend<br />

Baz yon<br />

prism<br />

Baz yon<br />

kone<br />

Baz yon<br />

piramid<br />

base-10 system/sistèm desimal: Sistèn<br />

nimerasyon kote yo itlize dis chif, 0 a 9, pou<br />

ekri tout nonm.<br />

biased sample/echantiyon byeze: Yon<br />

echantiyon ki pa reprezantatif de tout yon<br />

popilasyon.<br />

binary number system/sistèm binè: Sistèm<br />

nonm kote yo itilize de chif 0 ak 1 pou ekri<br />

tout nonm.<br />

binomial/binòm: Polynòm ki genyen de tèm.<br />

Ekzanp: 10 � m; 3y � 2<br />

bisect/koupe egal-ego: Divize an de mòso<br />

egal.<br />

boundary line/liy limit: Ansanm pwen kote<br />

de manm yon inekwasyon ki genyen de<br />

varyab egal.<br />

box-and-whisker plot/dyagram bwat ak tij:<br />

Grafik ki montre pwemye ka epi katriyèm ka<br />

yon ansanm done tankou de tij, de ka ki nan<br />

mitan yo parèt tankou yon bwat.<br />

break (graph)/diskontiniyte (grafik): Zigzag<br />

sou yon echèl orizontal osnon vètikal ki fè<br />

konnen kèk valè pa la.<br />

C<br />

capacity/volim: Kantite bagay yon veso ka<br />

kenbe.<br />

Celsius/Selsius (Celcius): Echèl tanperati nan<br />

systèm metrik kote dlo tounen glas a 0°; epi<br />

dlo bouyi a 100°. Li rele echèl santigrad tou.<br />

center (of a circle)/sant yon sèk: Pwen ki nan<br />

mitan sèk la. Distans ant sant la ak tout pwen<br />

sou sèk la konstan. Distans sa rele reyon.<br />

center (of dilation)/sant omotesi: Pwen<br />

entèseksyon liy tout ang nan yon omotesi.<br />

center (of rotation)/sant rotasyon: Pwen ki<br />

sèvi pou fè yon figi vire nan yon rotasyon.<br />

central angle/ang santral: Yon ang ki genyen<br />

somè li nan sant yon sèk.<br />

certain (probability)/pwobabilite sèten: Kap<br />

rive kan menm, pwobabilite li sè l.<br />

chord/kòd: Segman ki genyen de ekstremite li<br />

yo sou yon sèk.<br />

circle/sèk: Ansanm tout pwen<br />

nan yon plan ki plase nan menm C<br />

distans youn pwen ki rele sant.<br />

circle graph/grafik sikilè: Grafik ki itilize<br />

tranch yon sèk pou konpare yon mòso ak yon<br />

antye osnon plizyè mòso antre yo.<br />

circuit/sikwi: Yon chimen ki kòmanse nan<br />

yon pwen epi ki fini nan menm pwen a nan<br />

yon grafik.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 2 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


circumference/sikonferans: Distans otou yon<br />

sèk.<br />

clockwise/nan menm sans<br />

ak zegwi yon mont: Mouvman<br />

sikilè sou bò dwat la tankou<br />

mouvman zegwi yon mont.<br />

clustering/gwoupman: Metòd pou fè<br />

estimasyon yon sòm lè tout tèm adisyon yo<br />

pre yon menm nonm.<br />

Ekzanp: 27, 29, 24, epi 26 tout nan vwasinaj<br />

25.<br />

coefficient/koefisyan: Nonm ki miltipliye<br />

yon varyab nan yon ekspresyon aljebrik.<br />

Ekzanp: 5 se koyefisyan nan 5b.<br />

combination/konbinezon: Jan pou ranje<br />

bagay osnon evènman kote lòd pa genyen<br />

enpòtans.<br />

commission/komisyon: Lajan yo peye yon<br />

moun lè li vann yon machandiz pou yon lòt<br />

moun.<br />

commission rate/to komisyon: Pousantaj<br />

yon moun touche lè li vann yon machandiz<br />

pou yon lòt moun.<br />

common denominator/denominatè komen:<br />

Denonminatè de osnon plizyè fraksyon<br />

genyen ansanm.<br />

Ekzanp: Denominatè komen � 5<br />

� ak �2 � se 8.<br />

common difference/diferans<br />

komen/(Rezon): Diferans ant de tèm yon vini<br />

apre lòt nan yon swit aritmetik.<br />

common factor/faktè komen: Yon nonm ki<br />

se faktè de, osnon plizyè nonm a la fwa.<br />

Ekzanp: 8 se faktè komen 16 ak 40.<br />

common multiple/miltip komen: Yon nonm<br />

ki se miltip de osnon plizyè nonm a la fwa.<br />

common ratio/rezon yon swit jeometrik:<br />

Nonm nou miltipliye chak tèm pou jwenn<br />

tèm swivan nan yon swit jeometrik.<br />

Commutative Property/Pwopriyete<br />

komitativite: Nan adisyon: pwopriyete ki di<br />

nou ka fè adisyon de osnon plizyè nonm nan<br />

nenpòt ki lòd san nou pa chanje sòm la.<br />

Ekzanp: 8 � 20 � 20 � 8; a � b � b � a<br />

8<br />

8<br />

Nan miltiplikasyon: pwopriyete ki di nou ka<br />

fè miltiplikasyon de osnon plizyè nonm nan<br />

nenpòt ki lòd san nou pa chanje pwodwi a.<br />

Ekzanp: 6 · 12 � 12 ·6;a · b � b · a<br />

compatible numbers/nonm konpatib: Plizyè<br />

nonm ki ase pre yon sèten nonm pou yo<br />

pèmèt fè yon estimasyon osnon kalkil mantal<br />

pi fasil.<br />

compensation/kompansasyon: Lè yon nonm<br />

nan yon pwoblèm pre yon lòt nonm ki rann<br />

kalkil yo pi fasil. Utilize non ki fè kalkil la pi<br />

fasil pou jwenn repons la, epi ajiste repons la<br />

pa adisyon ou pa soustraksyon.<br />

complementary angles/ang konplemantè:<br />

De ang sòm yo egal 90°.<br />

composite number/nonm konpoze: Yon<br />

nonm ki pi gran pase 1 epi ki genyen plis pase<br />

de faktè antye.<br />

compound event/evènman konpoze: Yon<br />

evènmam ki konpoze ak de osnon plizyè<br />

evènman senp.<br />

compound inequality/sistèm inekwasyon:<br />

Konbinezon pi plis pase yon inekwasyon.<br />

Ekzanp: x � �2 oubyen x � 10, oubyen<br />

�2 � x � 10. x pi gran ou egal �2 epi x pi<br />

piti pase 10.<br />

compound interest/enterè konpoze: Enterè<br />

yo peye sou manman lajan epi sou enterè yo<br />

te deja peye yo tou.<br />

compound statement/deklarasyon konpoze:<br />

Deklarasyon ki konbine de osnon plizyè<br />

deklarasyon senp.<br />

concave polygon/polygòn konkav: Yon<br />

polygòn ki genyen o mwen yon ang andedan<br />

ki pi gran pase 180°.<br />

conclusion/konklizyon: Dezyèm pati nan<br />

yon deklarasyon kondisyonèl.<br />

conditional/kondisyonèl (deklarasyon): Yon<br />

deklarasyon konpoze ki sou fòm “Si P alò Q.”<br />

Li rele deklarasyon “Si-Alò” tou.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 3 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


cone/kone: Solid ki genyen yon somè epi yon<br />

baz sikilè.<br />

congruent/egal: Ki genyen menm fòm epi<br />

menm dimansyon.<br />

congruent angles/ang egal: Tout ang ki<br />

genyen menm mezi.<br />

congruent segments/segman egal: Tout<br />

segman ki mezire menm longè.<br />

conjunction/konjonksyon: Yon deklarasyon<br />

konpoze tankou “P ak Q.”<br />

connected graph/grafik branche: Grafik kote<br />

genyen yon chimin ki ekziste ant chak somè<br />

epi tout lòt somè yo.<br />

constant/konstant: Yon valè ki pa janm<br />

chanje.<br />

constant of proportionality/konstant<br />

pwopòsyonalite: Rapò konstan ant de varyab<br />

ki genyen yon relasyon pwopòsyonèl.<br />

Ekzanp: 5 � k; 10 � 2k epi 15 � 3k<br />

convenience sample/echantiyon komòd: Fè<br />

yon echantiyon ak sijè ki pi disponib nan yon<br />

popilasyon pou ka jwenn rezilta yo pi<br />

rapidman.<br />

conversion factor/faktè konvèsyon: Yon<br />

fraksyon kote nimeratè ak denominate<br />

reprezante yon menm kantite ki nan de inite<br />

diferan. Fraksyon an egal 1 paske nimeratè a<br />

egal ak denominate a.<br />

convex polygon/polygòn konvèks:Yon<br />

polygòn ki genyen tout ang andan li yo ki pi<br />

piti pase 180° osnon egal 180°.<br />

coordinate/koòdone: Yon nan de nonm nan<br />

pè nonm ki pèmèt plase yon pwen nan sistèm<br />

koòdone a.<br />

coordinate plane (coordinate grid)/plan<br />

koòdone (griy koòdone): Plan ki fòme pa<br />

entèseksyon yon dwat nimerik orizontal ki<br />

rele aks x ak yon dwat nimerik vètikal ki rele<br />

aks y.<br />

Kadran<br />

II<br />

Kadran<br />

III<br />

aks y<br />

Kadran<br />

I<br />

Kadran<br />

IV<br />

correlation/korelasyon: Deskripsyon<br />

relasyon ant de gwoup done.<br />

correspondence/korespodans: Relasyon ki<br />

ekziste ant de osnon plizyè bagay.<br />

corresponding angles (for lines)/ang<br />

korespodan (pou liy):<br />

Yon pè ang ki fòme<br />

pa de liy epi yon<br />

transvèsal; nan dyagram<br />

la, pè ang korespondan<br />

aks x<br />

q r<br />

s t<br />

m n<br />

o p<br />

yo se: �m ak �q, �n ak �r, �o ak �s,<br />

�p ak �t.<br />

corresponding angles (in polygons)/ang<br />

korespodan nan polygòn: Ang sanblab nan<br />

de polygòn osnon plizyè polygòn.<br />

corresponding sides/kote korespodan: Kote<br />

omològ nan de polygòn osnon plizyè<br />

polygòn.<br />

cosine (cos)/kosinis: Nan yon triyang<br />

rektang, se rapò longè kote adjasan yon ang<br />

egi sou longè ipoteniz la.<br />

counterclockwise/sans kontrè<br />

zegwi yon mont: Mouvman<br />

sikilè a gòch tankou nan figi a.<br />

Nan sans kontrè mouvman<br />

zegwi yon mont.<br />

cross product/pwodwi kwaze: Pwodwi nonm<br />

sou diagonal yo lè nap konpare de fraksyon.<br />

Ekzanp: 2 · 6 � 12<br />

�<br />

3 · 4 � 12<br />

2<br />

� � �4<br />

3 6 �<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 4 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


cube (geometric figure)/<br />

kib (jeometri): Prism rektangilè<br />

ki genyen sis fas kare egal ego.<br />

cube (in numeration)/<br />

okib (nimerasyon): Nonm nan pwisans twa.<br />

cumulative frequency/frekans akimile: Sòm<br />

frekans done yo nan yon tablo frekans.<br />

customary system of measurement/sistèm<br />

mezi koutimye: Sistèm mezi yo sèvi pi<br />

souvan nan Etazini.<br />

Ekzanp: pous, pye, ons, liv, tòn, tas, ka, gallon<br />

cylinder/silend: Solid ki genyen<br />

de baz sikilè egal epi yon sifas<br />

lateral won ki konekte de baz yo.<br />

D<br />

decagon/dekagòn: Polygòn ki genyen dis<br />

kote.<br />

decimal system/sistèm desimal: Sistèm<br />

nimerasyon ki itilize baz 10.<br />

deductive reasoning/rezonman dediktif:<br />

Itilize logic pou montre yon deklarasyon<br />

«vre».<br />

degree/degre: Inite yo sèvi pou mezire ang<br />

osnon tanperati.<br />

degree (of a polynomial)/degre yon<br />

polynòm: Pi gwo pwisans varyab la genyen<br />

nan polynòm la.<br />

degree (of a vertex)/degre yon somè: Nonm<br />

bò yo ki touché somè a.<br />

denominator/denominatè: Nonm ki anba ba<br />

fraksyon an. Li di konbyen mòso egal ki<br />

genyen nan yon inite.<br />

Ekzanp: � 3<br />

� aveèk etikèt pou denominate a.<br />

4<br />

Density Property of Real Numbers/<br />

Pwopriyete densite nonm reyèl: Pwopriyete<br />

sa di: Ant de nonm reyèl kèlkonk, toujou<br />

genyen yon lòt nonm reyèl.<br />

dependent events/evènman depandan:<br />

Evènman kote rezilta pwemye a afekte rezilta<br />

dezyèm la.<br />

diagonal/dyagonal: Liy osnon segman ki<br />

konekte de somè ki pa adjasan nan yon<br />

polygòn.<br />

diameter/dyamèt: Segman ki pase nan sant<br />

yon sèk epi ki genyen ekstremite li yo sou sèk<br />

la, osnon longè segman sa.<br />

difference/diferans: Rezilta yon soustraksyon.<br />

dilation/omotesi: Yon transfòmasyon ki fè<br />

yon figi vini pi gran osnon pi piti.<br />

dimension/dimansyon: Longè, lajè, osnon<br />

wotè yon figi.<br />

direct variation/varyasyon dirèk: Relasyon<br />

ant de varyab kote done yo ogmante osnon<br />

diminye ansanm nan menm rapò.<br />

discount/rabè: Kantite yo wete sou pri<br />

orijinal yon bagay.<br />

disjunction/disjonksyon: Yon deklarasyon<br />

konpoze sou fòm “P osnon Q.”<br />

Distributive Property of Multiplication over<br />

Addition/Pwopriyete distribitivite<br />

miltiplikasyon pa rapò adisyon: Pwopriyete<br />

sa di: si ou miltipliye yon sòm pa yon nonm,<br />

wap jwenn menm rezilta si ou miltipliye chak<br />

tèm sòm pa nonm la epi ou adisyone pwodwi<br />

yo.<br />

Ekzanp: 5 · 21 � 5(20 � 1)<br />

� (5 · 20) � (5 · 1)<br />

dividend/dividand: Nonm pou nou divize<br />

nan pwoblèm divizyon.<br />

Ekzanp: Nan 8 � 4 � 2, dividand la se 8.<br />

divisible/divizib: Divizyon fèt san rès.<br />

Division Property of Equality/Pwopriyete<br />

divizyon nan ekwasyon: Pwopriyete sa di: si<br />

nou divize de manb yon ekwasyon pa yon<br />

menm nonm ki pa zewo, nouvo ekwasyon an<br />

genyen menm solisyon ak ansyen an.<br />

divisor/divizè: Nonm pou divizè pa li nan<br />

pwoblèm divizyon.<br />

Ekzanp: Nan 8 � 4 � 2, divizè a se 4.<br />

dodecahedron/dodekaèd: Polyèd ki genyen<br />

12 fas.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 5 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


domain/domèn: Ansanm tout valè yon<br />

varyab ka pran pou fonksyon an.<br />

double-bar graph/grafik an baton doub:<br />

Grafik an baton ki konpare de ansanm done.<br />

double-line graph/grafik an liy doub: Grafik<br />

ki montre evolisyon de ansanm done an<br />

fonksyon tan.<br />

E<br />

edge/bò: Liy kote de fas<br />

yon polyèd kontre.<br />

edge (graph theory)/bò (teori grafik): Liy<br />

osnon bò yo ki konekte de somè yon grafik.<br />

elements/eleman: Mo,nonm osnon bagay ki<br />

nan yon ansanm.<br />

empirical probability/pwobabilite anpirik:<br />

Pwobabilite eksperimantal.<br />

empty set/ansanm vid: Ansanm ki pa genyen<br />

okenn eleman.<br />

endpoint/ekstremite: Pwen ki nan fen yon<br />

segman osnon nan fen yon demi dwat.<br />

enlargement/omotesi: Ogmantasyon tout<br />

dimansyon nan menm pwopòsyon.<br />

equally likely outcomes/evènman<br />

ekipwobab: Tout rezilta yo genyen menm<br />

chans parèt.<br />

equations/ekwasyon: Fraz matematik ki<br />

montre de ekspresyon ekivalan.<br />

equilateral triangle/triyang ekilateral:<br />

Triyang ki genyen twa kote egal.<br />

Bò<br />

equivalent/ekivalan: Ki genyen menm valè.<br />

equivalent fractions/fraksyon ekivalan:<br />

Fraksyon ki reprezante menm kantite osnon<br />

menm mòso yon bagay.<br />

equivalent ratios/rapò ekivalan: Rapò ki<br />

reprezante yon menm konparezon.<br />

estimate/estimasyon: Yon repons ki pre<br />

repons ekzak la ke yo jwen lè yo arondi, fè<br />

gwoupman, lè yo itilize metòd pwemye chif a<br />

gòch la, nonm konpatib osnon yon lòt metòd<br />

pou jwenn repons la.<br />

Euler circuit/sikwi Euler: Yon sikwi ki pase a<br />

travè tout bò yon grafik liy brize.<br />

evaluate/evalye: Jwenn valè yon ekspresyon<br />

nimerik osnon yon ekspresyon aljebrik.<br />

even number/nonm pè: Yon nonm antye ki<br />

divizib pa de, san rès.<br />

event/evènman: Rezilta osnon ansanm rezilta<br />

yon eksperyans.<br />

expanded form/fòm devlope: Yon nonm ki<br />

ekri tankou sòm valè chak chif ki konpoze li.<br />

Ekzanp: 236,536 nan fòm devlope se<br />

200,000 � 30,000 � 6,000 � 500 � 30 � 6.<br />

experiment (probability)/eksperyans<br />

(pwobabilite): Nan pwobabilite, tout aktivite<br />

ki baze sou chans (tankou pil ou fas).<br />

experimental probability/pwobabilite<br />

eksperimantal: Rapò ant konbyen fwa yon<br />

evènman rive epi nonm total esè ki fèt osnon<br />

kantite fwa aktivite a fèt.<br />

exponent/eksposan: Nonm ki endike<br />

konbyen fwa yo itilize baz la tankou yon faktè.<br />

Ekzanp: 2 3 � 2 � 2 � 2 � 8; 3 se ekspozan<br />

an.<br />

exponential decay/dekwasans eksponansyèl:<br />

Rive nan fonksyon eksponansyèl kote valè<br />

funksyon an f(x) vini pi piti lè valè antre a<br />

ogmante.<br />

exponential form/fòm eksponansyèl: Yon<br />

nonm ekri sou fòm eksponansyèl lè li ekri ak<br />

yon baz epi yon pwisans.<br />

Ekzanp: 4 2 se fòm eksponansyèl 4 · 4.<br />

exponential function/fonksyon<br />

eksponansyèl: Yon fonksyon ki pa lineyè kote<br />

pwisans la se yon varyab.<br />

exponential growth/kwasans eksponansyèl:<br />

Kwasans eksponansyèl rive nan yon fonksyon<br />

eksponansyèl kote valè fonksyon ogmante lè<br />

valè varyab la ogmante.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 6 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


expression/ekspresyon: Fraz matematik ki<br />

genyen operasyon, nonm, avèk ou san varyab.<br />

extrapolation/ekstrapolasyon: Estimasyon<br />

osnon prediksyon yon valè nou pa konen a<br />

pati valè nou konnen yo.<br />

F<br />

face/fas: Yon sifas plat sou yon polygòn.<br />

factor/faktè: Yon nonm ki miltipliye pa yon<br />

lòt pou fòme yon pwodi.<br />

factor tree/dyagram faktorizasyon an fòm<br />

pye bwa: Dyagram ki montre ki jan<br />

dekonpozisyon yon nonm antye fèt pou bay<br />

faktè pwemye nonm sa.<br />

factorial/faktoryèl: Pwodwi yon nonm antye<br />

ak tout lòt nonm antye ki pi piti pase li jiska 1.<br />

Ekzanp: 4! � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1. Pa definisyon 0! � 1.<br />

Fahrenheit/Fahrenheit: Echèl tanperati kote<br />

dlo tounen glas a 32° epi dlo bouyi a 212°.<br />

fair/ekitab: Lè tout rezilta yon eksperyans<br />

genyen menm pwobabilite, nou di eksperyans<br />

la ekitab.<br />

fair games/jwèt ekitab: Jwèt kote tout jwè yo<br />

genyen menm chans pou yo genyen.<br />

favorable outcome/rezilta favorab: Rezilta<br />

nap chèche lè nap fè yon eksperyans.<br />

Fibonacci sequence/sekans Fibonacci:<br />

Sekans ki gen yon nonm tèm ki enfini (1, 1, 2,<br />

3, 5, 8, 13,…). A kòmanse pa twazyèm tèm la,<br />

chak nonm se sòm de tèm ki vini anvan tèm<br />

sa. Yo bay sekans sa non li daprè<br />

matematysyen Leonardo Fibonacci.<br />

finite set/ansanm fini: Yon ansanm ki genyen<br />

yon nonm eleman fini.<br />

first differences/pwemye diferans: Sekans ki<br />

fòme lè ou fè diferans chak tèm nan yon swit<br />

ak tèm ki swiv li a.<br />

first quartile/pwemye katile: Mitan pwemye<br />

mwatye yon ansanm done lè done yo nan lòd;<br />

yo rele pwemye katil la pi piti katil la tou.<br />

FOIL/PDAD: Sig pou tèm yo lè nap miltipliye<br />

de binòm. Li ranplase Pwemye, Deyò,<br />

Andedan, Dènye.<br />

formula/fòmil: Règ ki montre relasyon ki<br />

genyen ant plizyè kantite.<br />

Ekzanp: A � �w<br />

fractal/fraktal: Yon estrikti ki genyen yon<br />

motif kap repete. Motif la sanble ak ansanm<br />

estikti a men dimansyon yo diferan nan<br />

ansanm estrikti.<br />

fraction/fraksyon: Yon nonm ki ekri sou fòm<br />

a<br />

�,kote b � 0.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 7 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

� b<br />

frequency table/tab frekans: Tab ki prezante<br />

chak done, ak konbyen fwa chak done parèt.<br />

Nonm fwa yon done parèt rele frekans done sa.<br />

front-end estimation/estimasyon ak pwemye<br />

chif: Teknik kote yo adisyone pwemye chif<br />

tèm yon sòm epi yo ajiste sòm la pou jwenn<br />

yon pi bon estimasyon.<br />

function/fonksyon: Relasyon kote chak valè<br />

genyen ekzacteman yon sèl imaj.<br />

function notation/notasyon fonksyon:<br />

Notasyon yo itilize pou dekri yon fonksyon.<br />

Ekzanp: y � 3x 2<br />

f(x) � 3x 2 ; li f(x) tankou<br />

“f de x.”<br />

function table/tab yon fonksyon: Tablo pè<br />

nonm ki reprezante solysyon yon fonksyon.<br />

Fundamental Counting Principle/Prensip<br />

fondamantal denonmbreman: Si yon<br />

eksperyans genyen m rezilta posib epi yon<br />

dezyèm eksperyans genyen n rezilta posib apre<br />

pwemye eksperyans fin fèt, alò genyen (m � n)<br />

rezilta posib pou tou de eksperyans yo.<br />

G<br />

geometric probability/pwobabilite<br />

jeometrik: Pwobabilite ki baze sou<br />

konparezon mezi ki fèt sou figi jeometrik.<br />

geometric sequence/swit jeometrik: List<br />

nonm ki nan lòd epi ki genyen yon rapò fiks<br />

ant de tèm konsekitif.<br />

Golden Ratio/Rapò dò: Yon rapò ki vo a pe<br />

prè 1.618. Nan yon rektang dò rapò longe ak<br />

lajè se a pe prè 1.618.


graph (networks)/grafik (rezo): Ansanm<br />

pwen ak segman osnon ak ki konekte pwen sa<br />

yo. Li rele rezo tou.<br />

graph of an equation/grafik yon ekwasyon:<br />

Grafik ansanm pè nonm ki solisyon ekwasyon<br />

an.<br />

great circle/gran sèk: Yon sèk ki nan yon sfè.<br />

Plan ki genyen sèk la ladan li pase nan sant<br />

sfè a.<br />

greatest common factor (GCF)/pi gran faktè<br />

komen (PGFK): Nomn ki pi gran faktè de<br />

osnon plizyè nonm a la fwa.<br />

H<br />

Hamiltonian circuit/sikwi Hamiltonyen: Yon<br />

sikwi ki pase nan tout somè yon grafik liy<br />

brize.<br />

height/wotè: Nan yon pyramid osnon nan<br />

yon kone, wotè a se distans ant somè a ak baz<br />

opoze a. Distans sa mezire sou liy ki<br />

pèpandikilè sou baz la.<br />

Nan yon triyang osnon nan yon kwadrilatè,<br />

wotè a se distans ant baz ak somè opoze.<br />

Distans sa mezire sou liy ki pèpandikilè sou<br />

baz la.<br />

Nan yon prism osnon yon silend, wotè a se<br />

distans ant baz yo mezire sou yon liy ki<br />

pèpandikilè sou baz yo.<br />

hemisphere/emisfè: Mwatye yon sfè.<br />

heptagon/ptagòn: Polygòn ki genyen sèt kote.<br />

hexagon/ekzagòn: Polygòn ki genyen sis kote.<br />

histogram/istogram: Yon grafik ki montre<br />

frekans done yo nan intèval egal.<br />

horizon line/orizon: Yon liy orizontal ki<br />

reprezante nivo zye yon moun kap gade.<br />

hypotenuse/ipoteniz: Nan yon triyang<br />

rektang, kote ki an fas ang dwa a.<br />

hypothesis/ipotèz: Pwemye pati nan yon<br />

deklarasyon kondisyonèl.<br />

icosahedron/ikosaèd: Solid ki genyen 20 fas.<br />

I<br />

Identity Property of One/Pwopriyete<br />

identite chif 1: Lè ou miltipliye yon nonm pa<br />

1 pwodwi a se nonm la.<br />

Identity Property of Zero/Pwopriyete<br />

identite chif 0: Sòm zewo ak yon nonm se<br />

nonm la.<br />

if-then statement/deklarasyon si-alò: Yon<br />

deklarasyon lojik ki itilize si epi alò pou<br />

montre yon relasyon ant de kondisyon.<br />

Ekzanp: Si tout kote yon polygòn egal epi tout<br />

ang yo egal alò polygòn la se yon polygòn<br />

regilye.<br />

if-then statement/deklarasyon si-alò:<br />

Deklarasyon konpoze sou fòm “Si P alò Q.”Li<br />

rele deklarasyon kondisyonèl tou.<br />

image/imaj: Figi ki se rezilta yon<br />

transfòmasyon.<br />

impossible (probability)/enposib<br />

(pwobabilite): Ki pa janm ka rive. Evènman<br />

enposib la genyen yon pwobabilite egal 0.<br />

improper fraction/fraksyon ki pi gran osnon<br />

egal linite: Yon fraksyon kote nimeratè a pi<br />

gran pase denominatè osnon ki men bagay ak li.<br />

Ekzanp: � 5<br />

�, �5<br />

5<br />

3 �<br />

independent events/evènman endepandan:<br />

Seri evènman kote rezilta yon pa afekte rezilta<br />

lòt yo.<br />

indirect measurement/mezi endirèk: Teknik<br />

ki itilize figi ki sanblab epi pwopòsyon pou<br />

jwenn yon lòt mezi.<br />

inductive reasoning/rezonman endiktif:<br />

Itilize yon modèl pou tire konklizyon.<br />

(Rezonnman pa endiksyon.)<br />

inequality/inekwasyon: Fraz matematik ki<br />

montre relasyon ant de kantite ki pa ekivalan.<br />

Ekzanp: 5 � 8; 5x � 2 � 12<br />

infinite set/ansanm enfini: Ansanm ki<br />

genyen yon nonm eleman enfini.<br />

input/valè antre: Valè ki ranplase varyab nan<br />

yon ekspresyon osnon nan yon fonksyon.<br />

integers/antye relatif: Ansanm nonm antye<br />

ak nonm ki opoze a nonm sa yo.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 8 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


interest/enterè: Kantite lajan ou moun peye<br />

lè li prete lajan osnon pou sèvi ak lajan yon<br />

lòt moun.<br />

interior angles/ang<br />

enteryè: Ang ki andedan<br />

de liy yon liy transvèsal<br />

koupe. Nan diagram la,<br />

�c, �d, �e, ak �f se ang<br />

enteryè.<br />

interquartile range/distans ant katil:<br />

Diferans ant twazyèm ak pwemyè katil yon<br />

ansanm done.<br />

intersecting lines/liy sekant: Liy ki kwaze<br />

yon lòt ekzakteman nan yon sèl pwen.<br />

intersection (sets)/entèseksyon (ansanm):<br />

Ansanm tout eleman ki nan de osnon plizyè<br />

ansanm a la fwa.<br />

interval/entèval: Espas ant de valè sou dwat<br />

nimerik la osnon sou echèl yon grafik.<br />

inverse operations/operasyon envès:<br />

Operasyon yon defèt lòt: adisyon ak<br />

soustraksyon, osnon miltiplikasyon ak<br />

divizyon.<br />

inverse variation/varyasyon envès: Yon<br />

relasyon kote yon varyab ap ogmante lè yon<br />

lò ap diminye. Pwodwi de varyab yo se yon<br />

konstant.<br />

irrational number/nonm irasyonèl: Nonm<br />

nou pa ka ekri tankou yon rapò de antye<br />

relatif, osnon ki pa genyen yon pati desimal<br />

kap repete, osnon pati desimal la pa janm fini.<br />

isolate the variable/izole varyab: Mete<br />

varyab la pou kont li nan yon manm<br />

ekwasyon an osnon inekwasyon an pou ka<br />

rezoud ekwasyon an osnon inekwasyon an.<br />

isometric drawing/desen izometrik:<br />

Reprezantasyon yon solid ki fèt nan yon gri ki<br />

fèt ak triyang ekilateral.<br />

isosceles triangle/triyang izosèl: Triyang ki<br />

genyen o mwen de kote egal.<br />

K<br />

e f<br />

g h<br />

a b<br />

c d<br />

kite/kap etranje: Kwadrilatè ki genyen de pè<br />

kote adjasan ki egal.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 9 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

L<br />

lateral face/fas lateral: Fas nan yon prism<br />

osnon yon pyramid ki pa baz la.<br />

lateral surface/sifas lateral: Nan yon silend,<br />

sifas koub ki konekte de baz sikilè yo; nan yon<br />

kone, sifas koub ki pa baz la.<br />

Sifas<br />

lateral<br />

least common denominator (LCD)/pi piti<br />

denominatè komen (PPDK): Pi piti miltipde<br />

osnon plizyè denominatè genyen al la fwa.<br />

least common multiple (LCM)/pi piti miltip<br />

komen (PPMK): Pi piti nonm ki pa zewo ki<br />

se yon miltipde osnon plizyè nonm.<br />

legs/kote an dwa: Nan yon triyang rektang,<br />

de kote ki fòme ang dwa a.<br />

like fractions/fraksyon sanblab: Fraksyon ki<br />

genyen menm denominate.<br />

5 3<br />

Ekzanp: �� ak �� se fraksyon sanblab.<br />

12<br />

12<br />

like terms/tèm omològ: De osnon plizyè tèm<br />

ki genyen menm varyab ki genyen menm<br />

pwisans.<br />

Ekzanp: Nan ekspresyon 3a � 5b �12a, 3a ak<br />

12a se tèm omològ.<br />

line/liy: Chimen dwat sans fen nan lè de sans<br />

(san limit).<br />

line graph/grafik liy: Grafik ki iltilize segman<br />

pou montre jan done chanje anfonksyon tan.<br />

line of best fit/liy meyè apwoksimasyon: Liy<br />

ki pase pi pre pwen yo nan yon dyagram<br />

dispèsyon.<br />

line of reflection/liy refleksyon: Liy ki sèvi<br />

pou kreye refleksion yon figi tankou nan yon<br />

glas.<br />

line of symmetry/liy simetri: Glas imajinè<br />

nan syimetri pa rapò a yon liy.<br />

line plot/dyagram akimilasyon: Yon dwat<br />

nimerik ak mak ki montre frekans yo.<br />

line segment/segman: Mòso yon liy ant de<br />

ektremite.


line symmetry/simetri pa rapò yon liy: Yon<br />

figi genyen yon simetri pa rapò yon liy si yon<br />

mwatye se imaj lòt mwatye a tankou nan<br />

refleksyon nan yon glas.<br />

linear equation/ekwasyon lineyè: Ekwasyon<br />

solisyon li fòme yon liy dwat nan plan<br />

katezyen an.<br />

linear function/fonksyon lineyè: Fonksyon<br />

grafik li se yon liy dwat.<br />

linear inequality/inekwasyon lineyè: Fraz<br />

matematik ki itilize �, �, �, osnon �.<br />

Represantasyon grafik li se yon rejyon epi<br />

lizyè li se yon liy dwat.<br />

lower extreme/pi piti ekstrèm: Nonm ki pi<br />

piti nan yon ansanm done.<br />

lower quartile/pi piti katil: Nonm ki nan<br />

mitan pwemye mwatye yon ansanm done; li<br />

rele pwemye katil tou.<br />

M<br />

major arc/gran ak: Yon ak ki pi long<br />

pasemwatye sikonferans la.<br />

matrix/matris: Yon ranjman done an fom<br />

rektang ki pase ant de kwoche.<br />

mean/mwayèn: Sòm tout nonm ki nan yon<br />

ansanm done divize pa nonm eleman ki nan<br />

ansanm la.<br />

measure of central tendency/mezi tandans<br />

santral: Yon mezi yo itilize pou dekri mitan<br />

yon ansanm done; mwayèn, medyann, ak<br />

mod se mezi tandans santral.<br />

median/medyann: Yon nonm osnon mwayèn<br />

de nonm ki nan mitan yon ansanm done lè<br />

eleman yo nan lòd.<br />

metric system of measurement/sistèm<br />

metrik: Sistèm desimal pwa ak mezi tout<br />

moun itilize nan domèn syantifik; epi ki trè<br />

itilize nan lemond antye.<br />

Ekzanp: Santimèt, mèt, kilomèt, gram,<br />

kilogram, mililit, ak lit se inite mezi nan<br />

system metrik la.<br />

midpoint/mitan yon segman: Pwen ki divize<br />

yon segman an de mòso egal.<br />

mixed number/nonm fraksyonè: Yon nonm<br />

ki genyen yon pati ki se yon nonm antye epi<br />

yon lòt pati ki se yon fraksyon.<br />

mode/mòd: Yon nonm osnon plizyè nonm ki<br />

ekziste pi plis nan yon seri done; lè tout<br />

nonm yo genyen menm frekans, nou di pa<br />

genyen mòd.<br />

monomial/monòm: Yon nonm osnon<br />

pwodwi yon nonm ak varyab ki genyen<br />

ekspozan ki se nonm antye.<br />

multiple/miltip: Pwodwi yon nonm ak yon<br />

lòt nonm antye se miltip nonm sa.<br />

Multiplication Property of<br />

Equality/Pwopriyete miltiplikasyon nan<br />

ekwasyon: Pwopriyete sa di: si ou miltipliye<br />

de manm yon ekwasyon ak yon menm nonm,<br />

nouvo ekwasyon an genyen menm solisyon ak<br />

ansyen ekwasyon a.<br />

Multiplication Property of Zero/Pwopriyete<br />

miltiplikasyon pa zewo: Pwopriyete sa di:<br />

kelkeswa nonm reyèl a, a � 0 � 0 epi 0 �<br />

a � 0.<br />

multiplicative inverse/envès (pou<br />

miltiplikasyon): Yon nonm miltipliye pa<br />

envès li bay 1.<br />

Ekzanp: Pou miltiplikasyon envès � 4<br />

� se �5<br />

mutually exclusive/mityèlman eksklizif: De<br />

evènman mityèlman eksklizif si yo pa kapab<br />

rive an menm tan nan yon menm eksperyans.<br />

N<br />

negative correlation/korelasyon negatif: De<br />

ansanm done genyen yon korelasyon negatif<br />

si valè done yon ansanm ogmante alò ke valè<br />

done lòt la ap bese.<br />

negative integer/antye relatif negatif: Antye<br />

relatif ki pi piti pase zewo.<br />

net/filè: Yon aranjman figi a de dimansyon ki<br />

kapab pliye pou fòme yon polyèd.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 10 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

5<br />

4 �


network/rezo: Yon ansanm pwen ak liy,<br />

osnon ak. Liy yo epi ak yo konekte pwen yo.<br />

Li rele grafik tou.<br />

no correlation/korelasyon zewo: De ansanm<br />

done pa genyen korelasyon lè pa genyen<br />

okenn relasyon ant valè done de ansanm yo.<br />

nonlinear function/fonksyon non lineyè:<br />

Fonksyon grafik li pa yon liy dwat.<br />

nonterminating decimal/devlopman<br />

desimal enfini: Nonm kote pati desimal la pa<br />

janm fini.<br />

numerator/nimeratè: Nonm ki an lè ba yon<br />

fraksyon. Nonm sa di konbyen pati nan yon<br />

antye nap konsidere.<br />

Ekzanp: � 4<br />

� 4 se nimeratè fraksyon an.<br />

5<br />

numerical expression/ekspresyon nimerik:<br />

Yon ekspresyon ki genyen nonm ak operasyon<br />

sèlman.<br />

O<br />

obtuse angle/ang obti: Ang ki pi gran pase<br />

90° men ki pi piti pase 180°.<br />

obtuse triangle/triyang obti: Yon triyang ki<br />

genyen yon ang obti.<br />

octagon/oktagòn: Polygòn ki genyen 8 kote.<br />

octahedron/otaèd: Polyèd ki genyen 8 fas.<br />

odd number/nonm enpè: Yon nonm antye ki<br />

pa divizib pa de.<br />

odds/kòt: Yon konparezon ant rezilta favorab<br />

epi rezilta ki pa favorab.<br />

odds against/kòt kont: Rapò rezilta ki pa<br />

favorab sou rezilta ki favorab.<br />

odds in favor/kòt pou: Rapò rezilta ki<br />

favorab sou rezilta ki pa favorab.<br />

opposites/nonm opoze: De nonm ki plase a<br />

menm distans de zewo sou dwat nimerik la.<br />

Yo rele yo nonm envès pou adisyon.<br />

order of operations/lòd operasyon: Règ pou<br />

evalye ekspresyon: fè tout operasyon ant<br />

parantèz yo anvan; answit kalkile tout<br />

pwisans ak rasin kare, answit fè<br />

miltiplikasyon epi divizyon anfin fè adisyon<br />

ak soustraksyon de gòch a dwat.<br />

ordered pair/koup: De nonm ki ka sèvi pou<br />

plase yon pwen nan plan koòdone katezyen<br />

an.<br />

origin/orijin: Pwen kote aks x ak aks y kwaze<br />

nan plan katezyen an; (0, 0).<br />

orthographic drawing/desen òtografik:<br />

Desen yon bagay yo fè lè yo itilizè vi anfas, vi<br />

sou kote, vi anwo.<br />

outcome (probability)/rezilta (pwobabilite):<br />

Yon nan bagay ki ka rive nan yon eksperyans.<br />

outlier/valè atipik: Yon valè ki bokou pi gran<br />

osnon bokou pi piti pase lòt done nan yon<br />

ansanm.<br />

output/valè yon ekspresyon: Valè w jwenn lè<br />

w ranplase yon varyab ak valè li nan yon<br />

ekspresyon osnon yon fonksyon.<br />

overestimate/sirestimasyon: Yon estimasyon<br />

ki pi gran pase repons ekzak la.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 11 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

P<br />

parabola/parabòl: Grafik yon ekwasyon<br />

kwadratik.<br />

parallel lines/liy paralèl: Liy ki pa kwaze nan<br />

yon plan.<br />

parallelogram/paralelogram: Kwadrilatè ki<br />

genyen de pè kote paralèl.<br />

Pascal’s triangle/triyang Paskal (Pascal):<br />

Aranjman nonm an fòm triyang kote chak liy<br />

kòmanse epi fini ak 1. Lòt nonm yo se sòm de<br />

nonm ki anlè li yo.<br />

path/chimen: Yon fason pou ale de yon somè<br />

yon rezo a yon lòt swivan yon bò osnon<br />

plizyè bò.<br />

pentagon/pentagòn: Polygòn ki genyen senk<br />

kote.


percent/pousantaj: Rapò ki konpare yon<br />

nonm avèk 100.<br />

45<br />

Ekzanp: 45% � �� 100<br />

percent of change/pousantaj chanjman:<br />

Pousantaj yon kantite ogmante osnon<br />

diminye.<br />

percent of decrease/pousantaj diminisyon:<br />

Pousantaj chanjman ki montre ki jan yon<br />

kantite diminye.<br />

percent of increase/pousantaj ogmantasyon:<br />

Pousantaj chanjman ki montre ki jan yon<br />

kantite ogmante.<br />

perfect square/kare pafè: Kare yon nonm<br />

antye.<br />

Ekzanp: 5 · 5 � 25, epi 7 2 � 49; 25 epi 49 se<br />

kare pafè.<br />

perimeter/perimèt: Distans otou yon<br />

polygòn.<br />

permutation/pèmitasyon: Ranjman bagay,<br />

osnon evènmam, kote lòd bagay yo, osnon<br />

evènman yo enpotan.<br />

perpendicular bisector/mediatris: Liy ki<br />

pèpandikilè sou yon segman nan mitan li.<br />

perpendicular lines/liy<br />

pepandikilè: Liy ki fòme yon<br />

ang dwa.<br />

perspective/pèspektiv: Teknik pou fè desen<br />

yon bagay parèt tankou si li genyen twa<br />

dimansyon sou yon sifas plat.<br />

pi/pi (π): Rapò sikonferans yon sèk ak longè<br />

dyamèt sèk la; π � 3.14 osnon � 22<br />

�.<br />

7<br />

plane/plan: Yon sifas plat enfini.<br />

platonic solids/solid platonic: Senk polyèd<br />

regilye yo: tetraèd, kib, oktaèd, dodekaè<br />

epizokaèd.<br />

point/pwen: Yon kote ekzak nan lespas.<br />

point-slope form/ekwasyon yon dawt nou<br />

konnen pant la ak yon pwen: Ekwasyon yon<br />

liy sou fòm y � y 1 � m(x � x 1 ), kote m se<br />

pant dwat la, epi (x 1 , y 1 ) se koòdone yon<br />

pwen sou dwat la.<br />

point symmetry/simetri parapò a yon pwen:<br />

Yon figi prezante simetri parapò a yon pwen<br />

si li koenside ak tèt li apre yon rotasyon 180°.<br />

polygon/polygòn: Figi jeomtrik plat ki fòme<br />

ak segman ki rankontre nan ekstremite yo<br />

sèlman.<br />

polyhedron/polyèd: Figi solid kote tout sifas<br />

yo se polygòn.<br />

polynomial/polynòm: Ekspresyon aljebrik ki<br />

se sòm osnon diferans de osnon plizyè<br />

monòm.<br />

population/popilasyon: Tout gwoup bagay<br />

osnon endividi yo konsidere nan yon ankèt.<br />

positive correlation/korelasyon pozitif: De<br />

ansanm done prezante yon korelasyon pozitif<br />

lè valè done yo ogmante osnon diminye an<br />

menm tan.<br />

positive integer/antye pozitif: Nonm relatif<br />

ki pi gran pase zewo.<br />

power/ekspozan: Yon nonm yo jwenn lè yo<br />

elve yon baz a yon pwisans.<br />

precision/presizyon: Nivo detay yon mezi<br />

genyen. Inite mezi a detèmine nivo sa.<br />

prediction/prediksyon: Yon bagay yo di ki ka<br />

rive alavni.<br />

premise/premis: Deklarasyon kondisyonèl yo<br />

itilize nan rezonman dediktif.<br />

prime factorization/miz en faktè pwemye:<br />

Yon nonm ki ekri tankou pwodwi faktè<br />

pwemye li yo.<br />

prime number/nonm pwemye: Nonm antye<br />

ki pi gran pase 1 epi ki genyen ekzakteman de<br />

faktè 1 ak nonm la li menm.<br />

principal/manman lajan: Lajan ou prete<br />

osnon depose.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 12 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


principal square root/rasin kare prinsipal:<br />

Pati pozitif rasin kare yon nonm.<br />

Ekzanp: �25 � � 5<br />

prism/prism: Polyèd ki genyen de baz egal an<br />

fòm polygòn, tout lòt fas yo se paralelogram.<br />

probability/pwobabilite: Yon nonm ki ant<br />

zewo ak 1 (ant 0% ak 100%) ki di konbyen<br />

chans yon evènman genyen pou li rive.<br />

product/pwodwi: Rezilta lè yo miltipliye de<br />

osnon plizè nonm.<br />

proper fraction/vrè fraksyon: Yon fraksyon<br />

kote nimeratè a pi piti pase denominatè a.<br />

Ekzanp: � 3<br />

4 �, � 1<br />

�, �<br />

12<br />

7<br />

8 �<br />

proportion/pwopòsyon: Ekwasyon ki endike<br />

egalite de rapò.<br />

protractor/rapòtè: Yon enstriman pou mezire<br />

ang.<br />

pyramid/piramid: Polyèd kote<br />

baz la se yon polygòn epi, tout<br />

fas yo se triyang ki rankontre<br />

nan yon menm somè.<br />

Pythagorean Theorem/Teorèm Pythagò<br />

(Pythagore): Nan yon triyang rektang, kare<br />

longè ipoteniz la egal sòm kare longè de kote<br />

ang dwa a.<br />

Q<br />

quadrant/kadran: Aks x ak aks y divize plan<br />

koòdone a an kat rejyon. Yo rele chak rejyon<br />

sa yo kadran.<br />

quadratic equation/ekwasyon kwadratic:<br />

Ekwasyon tankou ax 2 � bx � c � 0, kote<br />

a � 0.<br />

quadratic function/fonksyon kwadratic:<br />

Fonksyon tankou y � ax 2 � bx � c,kote<br />

a � 0.<br />

Ekzanp: y � 2x 2 � 12x � 10, y ��3x 2 .<br />

quadrilateral/kadrilatè: Polygòn ki genyen<br />

kat kote.<br />

quarterly/trimèstiyel: Kat fwa pa ane.<br />

quartile/katil: Twa valè, yon ladan yo rele<br />

medyann, ki dvize yon ansanm done ki nan<br />

lòd an kat ka.<br />

quotient/kosyan: Rezilta divizyon yon nonm<br />

pa yon lòt.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 13 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

R<br />

radical symbol/radikal: Senbòl �� yo itilize<br />

pou reprezanta rasin kare pozitif yon nonm.<br />

radius/reyon: Segman ki<br />

genyen yon ekstremite nan sant<br />

yon sèk, lòt ekstremite a sou sèk<br />

la. Longè segman sa.<br />

random numbers/nonm<br />

aleatwa: Nan yon ansanm nonm aleatwa,<br />

chak nonm genyen menm chans pou yo<br />

chwazi li.<br />

range (in a function)/domèn valè (yon<br />

fonksyon): Ansanm valè fonksyon a ka pran.<br />

range (in statistics)/pòte (nan statistik):<br />

Diferans ant pi gran ak pi piti valè nan yon<br />

ansanm done.<br />

rate/to: Rapò ki konpare de kantite ki mezirz<br />

nan inite diferan.<br />

Ekzanp: Vitès limit la se 55 mil pa è, osnon<br />

55mi/h<br />

rate of interest/to enterè: Pousantaj yo peye<br />

ou osnon ou genyen sou yon lajan; wè enterè<br />

senp.<br />

ratio/rapò: Konparezon ant de kantite pa<br />

divizyon.<br />

Ekzanp: 12 a 25, 12:25, � 12<br />

�<br />

25<br />

rational number/nonm rasyonèl: Tout nonm<br />

nou ka ekri tankou rapò de antye relatif.<br />

Ekzanp: Nou ka ekri 6 tankou � 6<br />

� epi 0.5<br />

1<br />

tankou � 1<br />

2 �<br />

ray/demi dwat: Yon mòso yon dwat ki geyen<br />

yon ekstremite epi ki enfini nan lòt sans la.


eal number/nonm reyèl: Yon nonm rasyonèl<br />

osnon yon nonm irasyonèl.<br />

reciprocal/resipwòk: Yon nan de nonm<br />

pwodwi yo se 1; yo rele nonm sa yo envès pou<br />

miltiplikasyon.<br />

Ekzanp: Resipwòk � 2<br />

� se �3<br />

3 2 �.<br />

1<br />

�.<br />

Resipwòk n se � n<br />

rectangle/rektang: Yon paralelogram ki<br />

genyen kat ang dwa.<br />

rectangular prism/prism<br />

rektangilè: Polyèd kote baz<br />

yo se rektang epi lòt fas yo<br />

se paralelogram.<br />

reduction/rediksyon: Diminisyon tout<br />

dimasyon yo.<br />

reflection/refleksyon: Transfòmasion yon figi<br />

ki tounen pa rapò a yon liy yon liy.<br />

regular polygon/polygòn regilye: Polygòn ki<br />

genyen tout kote li yo egal epi tout ang li yo<br />

egal.<br />

regular pyramid/piramid regilye:<br />

Piramid baz li se yon polygòn regilye<br />

epi tout fas lateral yo egal.<br />

regular tessellation/teselasyon regilye:<br />

Teselasyon ki fòme apati polygòn regilye.<br />

relatively prime/nonm pwemye ant yo: De<br />

nonm pwemye ant yo si pi gran factè komen<br />

(PGFK) yo se 1.<br />

Ekzanp: 7 ak 15 se de nonm pwemye ant yo.<br />

repeating decimal/desimal peryodic:<br />

Desimal kote yon osnon plizyè chif apre vigil<br />

la repete endefiniman<br />

Ekzanp: 0.75757575…<br />

rhombus/losanj: Paralelogram ki genyen tout<br />

kote yo egal.<br />

right angle/ang dwat: Ang ki mezire 90°.<br />

right cone/kone dwat: Kone kote liy dwat ki<br />

ale depi baz la jiska somè a pase nan somè a<br />

pase nan sant baz la.<br />

right cylinder/silend dwat: Silend kote de<br />

baz yo se de sèk ki paralèl. De sèk so yo<br />

pèpandikilè ak sifas lateral la.<br />

right triangle/triyang rektang: Triyang ki<br />

genyen yon ang dwa.<br />

rise/varyasyon vètikal: Chajman vètikal wotè<br />

lè pant yon dwat ekri tankou chajman vètikal/<br />

chajman orizontal.<br />

rotation/rotasyon: Transfòmasyon kote yon<br />

figi vire otou yon pwen.<br />

rotational symmetry/simetri pa rotasyon:<br />

Yon figi prezante yon simetri pa rotasyon si lè<br />

li tounen mwens ke 360° otou yon pwen<br />

santral li koenside avek tèt li.<br />

rounding/arondi: Ranplase yon nonm ak yon<br />

estimasyon nonm sa selon yon sèten<br />

presizyon.<br />

run/varyasyon orizontal: Chanjman<br />

orizontal lè pant yon dwat ekri tankou.<br />

Chanjman vètikal divize pa chanjman<br />

orizontal.<br />

S<br />

sales tax/TCA: Pousantaj pri yon bagay,<br />

gouvènman chaje pou li kreye revni.<br />

sample/echantiyon: Pati yon popilasyon.<br />

sample space/inivè: Ansanm tout rezilta yon<br />

eksperyans.<br />

scale/echèl: Rapò ant de ansanm mezi<br />

diferan.<br />

scale drawing/desen alechèl: Yon desen ki<br />

itilize yon echèl pou fè yon bagay pi piti<br />

(rediksyon) osnon pi gran (dilatasyon) pase<br />

vre grosè bagay la.<br />

scale factor/faktè yon echèl: Rapò ou itilize<br />

pou fè yon dilatasyon osnon yon rediksyon.<br />

scale model/modèl alechèl: Yon modèl ki<br />

pwopòsyonèl ak yon bagay ki genyen twa<br />

dimansyon.<br />

scalene triangle/triyang kèlkonk: Triyang ki<br />

pa genyen okenn kote egal.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 14 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


scatter plot/dyagram dispèsyon: Grafik kote<br />

pwen yo plase pou montre yon relasyon ki<br />

posib ant de ansanm done.<br />

scientific notation/notasyon syantifik: Yon<br />

fason pou ekri nonm, ki trè gran osnon trè<br />

piti. Notasyon syantifik la itilize pwisans 10.<br />

second differences/dezyèm diferans: Swit ki<br />

fòme pa diferans diferans ant tèm yon sekans.<br />

second quartile/dezyèm katil: Medyann yon<br />

ansanm done.<br />

sector/sektè: Rejyon yon sèk ki limite pa de<br />

reyon epi ak ki relye ekstremite de reyon yo.<br />

sector (data)/sektè (done): Pati yon grafik<br />

sikilè ki reprezante yon pati nan done yo.<br />

segment/segman: Mòso yon dwat ant de<br />

ekstremite.<br />

semiregular tessellation/teselasyon<br />

semiregilye: Teselasyon fòme pa de osnon<br />

plizyè polygòn kote tout somè yo idantik.<br />

sequence/swit: Yon list nonm ki nan lòd.<br />

set/ansanm: Group bagay.<br />

side/kote: Liy ki limite yon figi jeometrik. Yon<br />

nan fas ki fòme limit yon bagay.<br />

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)/Kote-Ang-Kote (KAK):<br />

Règ ki di si de triyang genyen de kote egal epi<br />

ang de kote yo fòme a egal alò de triyang sa<br />

yo egal.<br />

Side-Side-Side (SSS)/Kote-Kote-Kote (KKK):<br />

Règ ki di si de triyang genyen twa kote yo egal<br />

de triyang sa yo egal.<br />

significant digits/chif siyikatif: Chif yo itilize<br />

pou montre presizyon yon mezi.<br />

similar/sanblab: Figi ki genyen menm fòm<br />

men pa nesesèman menm dimansyon.<br />

simple interest/enterè senp: Yon pousantaj<br />

fiks yon manman lajan. Pou kalkile li nou<br />

itilize fòmil I � Prt kote p se manman lajan a;<br />

r se to enterè a epi t se tan a.<br />

simplest form/pi senp ekspresyon: Yon<br />

fraksyon redwi lè nimreatè ak denominatè pa<br />

genyen lò faktè komen ki pa 1.<br />

simplify/senplifikasyon: Pou ekri yon<br />

fraksyon osnon yon ekspresyon sou fòm<br />

redwi.<br />

simulation/similasyon: Modèl yon<br />

eksperyans, le pli souvan yon eksperyans ki<br />

twò difisil osnon kap pran twòp tan pou fè li.<br />

sine (sin)/sinis: Nan triyang rektang, rapò<br />

longè kote opoze yon ang egi sou longè<br />

ipoteniz la.<br />

skew lines/liy gòch: Liy ki nan plan diferan<br />

epi ki pa ni paralèl ni sekant.<br />

slant height/altitid enkline: Distans ant baz<br />

yon kone ak somè li. Nou mezire distans sa<br />

sou sifas lateral kone a.<br />

slope/pant: Nonm ki eksprime ki jan yon<br />

dwat osnon yon grafik enkline. Chanjman<br />

vètikal divize pa chanjman orizontal.<br />

slope-intercept form/fòm kanonik: Yon<br />

ekwasyon lineyè ki ekri tankou y � mx � b,<br />

m se pant dwat la, b se kote dwat la koupe aks<br />

y la.<br />

solid figure/solid: Figi ki genyen twa<br />

dimansyon.<br />

solution of a system of equations/solisyon<br />

yon sistem ekwasyon: Yon ansanm valè ki<br />

verifye system la.<br />

solution of an equation/solisyon yon<br />

ekwasyon: Valè ki verifye ekwasyon an.<br />

solution of an inequality/solisyon yon<br />

inekwasyon: Ansanm valè ki verifye<br />

inekwasyon an.<br />

solution set/ansanm solisyon: Ansanm valè<br />

ki fè yon deklarasyon vre.<br />

solve/rezoud: Jwenn yon repons osnon yon<br />

solisyon.<br />

space figure/figi nan espas: Figi ki genyen<br />

twa dimansyon.<br />

sphere/sfè: Figi ki genyen twa dimansyon.<br />

Tout pwen sfè a plase a menm distans de sant<br />

sfè a.<br />

square (geometry)/kare (jeometri): Rektang<br />

ki genyen kat kote egal.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 15 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


square (numeration)/okare (nimerasyon):<br />

Yon nonm elve nan pwisans de.<br />

Ekzanp: Nan 5 2 , nou elve 5 nan pwisans 2.<br />

square number/kare: Pwodwi yonm nonm<br />

pa li menm.<br />

Ekzanp: 25 se kare 5; 5 · 5 � 25<br />

square root/rasin kare: Yon nan de faktè egal<br />

yon nonm genyen.<br />

standard form (in numeration)/fòm standa<br />

(nimerasyon): Yon nonm ke yo itilize chif<br />

pou ekri li.<br />

Ekzanp: senk mil de san dis nan fòm standa<br />

se 5.210<br />

stem-and-leaf plot/grafik an tij ak fèy:<br />

Grafik yo itilize pou òganize epi montre done<br />

konsa nou ka konpare frekans done yo.<br />

straight angle/ang pla: Ang ki mezire 180°.<br />

stratified sample/echantiyon stratifye:<br />

Echantiyon divize an sougroup.<br />

subset/souzansanm: Yon ansanm ki andedan<br />

yon lòt ansanm.<br />

substitute/sisbtitiye: Ranplase yon varyab ak<br />

yon nonm, osnon yon lòt ekspresyon, nan<br />

yon ekspresyon aljebrik.<br />

Subtraction Property of Equality/<br />

Pwopriyete soustraksyon nan ekwasyon:<br />

Pwopriyete ki di si nou soustrè yon menm<br />

nonm nan de manb yon ekwasyon, nouvo<br />

ekwasyon an genyen menm solisyon avèk<br />

ansyen an.<br />

sum/sòm: Rezilta lè nou fè adisyon de osnon<br />

plizyè nonm.<br />

supplementary angles/ang siplemantè: De<br />

ang sòm yo egal 180°.<br />

surface area/sifas total: Sòm sifas tout fas<br />

yon solid.<br />

system of equations/sistèm ekwasyon:<br />

Ansanm de osnon plizyè ekwasyon ki genyen<br />

de osnon plizyè varyab.<br />

system of linear equations/sistèm ekwasyon<br />

lineyè: De osnon plizyè ekwasyon lineyè ki<br />

reprezante nan menm system koòdone a.<br />

systematic sample/echantiyon sistematik:<br />

Yon echantiyon yon popilasyon ke yo<br />

seleksyone swivan yon modèl.<br />

T<br />

tangent (tan)/tanjant (tj): Nan yon triyang<br />

rektang, rapò longè kote opoze yon ang egi a<br />

sou longè kote adjasan ang egi sa.<br />

tangent (to a circle)/tanjant yon sèk: Dwat ki<br />

touché sèk la nan yon sèl pwen.<br />

term (in a sequence)/tèm (yon swit): Yon<br />

eleman osnon yon nonm nan yon swit la.<br />

term (in an expression)/tèm (nan yon<br />

ekspresyon): Pati yon ekspresyon yo ajoute<br />

osnon soustrè.<br />

Ekzanp: 5x 2 se yon ekspresyon ki genyen yon<br />

tèm, �10 se yon ekspresyon ki genyen yon<br />

tèm; x � 1 se yon ekspresyon ki genyen de<br />

tèm<br />

terminating decimal/desimal fini: Yon nonm<br />

desimal ki genyen yon nonm chif desimal<br />

fini.<br />

Ekzanp: 6, 75<br />

tessellation/teselasyon: Repetisyon yon<br />

modèl ki fèt ak figi plat ki kouvri yon plan<br />

konplètman san kite espas vid.<br />

tetrahedron/tetraèd: Polyèd ki genyen kat<br />

fas.<br />

theoretical probability/pwobabilite teorik:<br />

Rapò ant nonm rezilta ekipwobab yon<br />

evenman ak nonm tout rezilta posib yo.<br />

third quartile/twazyèm katil: Medyann<br />

dezyèm mwatye yon ansanm done; li rele katil<br />

siperyè tou.<br />

tip/poubwa: Kantite lajan yo adisyone sou<br />

yon fakti pou moun kap sèvi a; an jeneral yon<br />

pousantaj fakti a.<br />

transformation/transfòmasyon: Chanjman<br />

nan dimansyon osnon pozisyon yon figi.<br />

translation/translasyon: Mouvman yon figi<br />

swivan yon liy dwat.<br />

transversal/transvèsal: Liy ki kwaze de osnon<br />

plizyè liy.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 16 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.


trapezoid/trapèz: Yon kwadrilatèki genyen<br />

ekzakteman de kote paralèl.<br />

tree diagram/dyagram an fòm pye bwa: Yon<br />

diagram ki genyen branch ki montre tout<br />

kobinezon, osnon rezilta posib yon evènman.<br />

trial/esè: Nan pwobabilite yon sèl repetisyon<br />

osnon obsèvasyon yon evènman.<br />

triangle/triyang: Yon polygòn ki genyen twa<br />

kote.<br />

Triangle Sum Theorem/Theorèm sòm ang<br />

yon triyang: Teorèm sa di: sòm ang yon<br />

triyang egal 180°.<br />

triangular prism/prism triyangilè: Polyèd ki<br />

genyen yon baz triyangilè epi fas yo se<br />

paralelogram.<br />

trigonometric ratios/rapò trigonometric:<br />

Rapò ki konpare longè kote yon triyang<br />

rektang; rapò ki pi kouran yo se tanjant, sinis,<br />

epi kosinis.<br />

trinomial/trinòm: Polynòm ki genyen twa<br />

tèm.<br />

truth table/valè lojik: Vre osnon pa vre.<br />

truth value/tab verite: Yon mwayen pou<br />

montre ke yon deklarasyon konpoze vre.<br />

U<br />

unbiased sample/echantiyon non byeze: Yon<br />

echantiyon pa byeze si chak eleman nan inivè<br />

a genyen menm chans pou yo chwazi li.<br />

underestimate/souzestime: Estimasyon ki pi<br />

piti pase repons ekzak la.<br />

union/inyon: Ansanm tout eleman ki nan de<br />

ansanm oson plizyè ansanm.<br />

unit conversion/chanjman inite: Pwosesis ki<br />

chanje yon inite mezi ak yon lòt.<br />

unit conversion factor/faktè chanjman inite:<br />

Yon fraksyon yo itilize lè yap chanje inite.<br />

Nimeratè ak denominatè a reprezante yon<br />

menm kantite men yo nan de inite diferan.<br />

Ekzanp: � 60 min<br />

1 hr<br />

� osnon �� 1 hr 60 min<br />

unit price/pri linite: To pa inite yo itilize pou<br />

konpare pri.<br />

unlike fractions/fraksyon ki pa sanblab:<br />

Fraksyon ki pa genyen menm denominatè.<br />

Ekzanp: � 3<br />

� epi �1 � se fraksyon ki pa sanblab.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 17 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.<br />

4<br />

2<br />

upper extreme/ekstrèmite siperyè: Nonm ki<br />

pi gran nan yon ansanm done.<br />

upper quartile/katil siperyè: Medyann<br />

dezyèm mwatye yon ansanm done; yo rele li<br />

twazyèm katil tou.<br />

V<br />

vanishing point/echantiyon ekipwobab: Yon<br />

echantiyon ekipwobab si chak manb genyen<br />

menm chans pou yo chwazi li.<br />

vanishing point/pwen de fwit: Nan desen an<br />

pèspektiv, pwen kote tout liy kap elwanye de<br />

moun kap gade a rankotre.<br />

variability/varyabilite: Dispèsyon valè yo<br />

nan yon ansanm.<br />

variable/varyab: Yon senbòl yo itilize pou<br />

ranplase yon kantite ki ka chanje.<br />

Venn diagram/dyagram Vèn (Venn):<br />

Dyagram yo itlize pou montre relasyon ant de<br />

osnon plizyè ansanm.<br />

verbal expression/ekspresyon vèbal: Yon mo<br />

osnon yon fraz.<br />

vertex/somè: Nan yon ang osnon yon<br />

polygòn se pwen kote de kote rankontre.<br />

Nan yon polyèd, se entèseksyon twa osnon<br />

plizyè fas. Nan kone epi nan pyramid, pwen<br />

ki pi wo a.<br />

vertex (networks)/ne (rezo): Pwen nan yon<br />

rezo.<br />

vertical angles/ang<br />

b<br />

opoze pa somè yo:<br />

a c<br />

Yon pè ang egal ego<br />

d<br />

ki fòme pa de dwat<br />

ki kwaze; nan diagram<br />

la ang a ak ang c egal; ang b ak ang d egal.<br />

volume/volim: Kantite inite volim nesesè pou<br />

ranpli yon espas.


W<br />

withholding tax/retni: Yon jeretyen sou kòb<br />

yon moun fè, yo pran li davans pou peye<br />

enpo sou revni.<br />

X<br />

x-axis/aks x: Dwat nimerik orizontal nan yon<br />

systèm koòdone.<br />

x-coordinate/absis: Pwemye nan de nonm ki<br />

reprezante yon pwen. Li di ki distans pou<br />

pakouri a dwat osnon a goch orijin la.<br />

Ekzanp: 5 se absispwen (5, 3).<br />

x-intercept/absis a lorijin: Absis pwen kote<br />

grafik la kwaze aks x.<br />

Y<br />

y-axis/aks y: Dwat nimerik vètikal nan yon<br />

systèm koòdone.<br />

y-coordinate/òdone: Dezyèm nan de nonm<br />

ki reprezante yon pwen. Li di ki distans pou<br />

pakouri en wo osnon anba orijin la (0, 0).<br />

Ekzanp: 3 se òdone nan (5, 3).<br />

y-intercept/òdone a lorijin: Òdone pwen<br />

kote grafik la kwaze aks y la.<br />

Z<br />

zero pair/ansanm net: Yon nonm ak envès li;<br />

sò yo bay zewo.<br />

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 18 Holt Middle School Math<br />

All rights reserved.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!