Lectures on Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
Lectures on Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
Lectures on Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
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Two Possible Descripti<strong>on</strong>s<br />
Quantizati<strong>on</strong> of the electromagnetic field<br />
Modes are quantized harm<strong>on</strong>ic oscillators<br />
2 possible observables for the descripti<strong>on</strong>:<br />
Energy or Electric field<br />
Discrete degree of freedom<br />
number of phot<strong>on</strong>s N=a + a<br />
(measured by phot<strong>on</strong> counting)<br />
C<strong>on</strong>tinuous degree of freedom<br />
quadratures P <strong>and</strong> Q<br />
(fluctuati<strong>on</strong>s measured by<br />
homodyning, photodiodes)