First International Conference on MOLDAVIAN RISKS – FROM ...

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<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania THE IMPACT OF HYDROTECHNICAL ARRANGEMENTS ON WATER COURSES AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS Dan Dascalita “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Department of the Environment Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Corresponding author: Dan Dascalita, dan_dsclt@yahoo.com Abstract: Hydrotechnical arrangements are complex projects, arranged on water courses, with an important role in water management, water control, water protection, underwater ecosystems protection, and over the social-economical development of the areas they are built in. They are designed to control the benefits and the damages produced by big waters, slope erosion or land slips. At present, we cannot imagine a sustainable development of water resources without integrating the hydrographical basins arrangements in a larger system. Hydrotechnical set-ups include big size works, which come with both positive and negative effects over the natural regime of water courses, as well as over other environmental factors. We can distinguish hydrotechnical works with the following effects: - functional: water supply, defence against floods, riverbeds regularizations, producing electrical power, navigation; - underwater and land ecosystems protection: to ensure the fauna and flora species a suitable life environment; - social economical: affecting some human settlements, some land destinations, some traditional crafts, or even historical or archeological sites; - geo-hydro-morphological: modifying some riverbeds of water courses, the land and the climate, the hydrological or geological regimes; - modifying the quality of the water, and other environmental factors in the affect area. The negative effects produced by hydrotechnical works over water courses and ecosystems can be diminished and even avoided in some situations, if regulation and directives that establish environmental objectives at regional and national levels are respected. In this paper, I presented some aspects regarding hydrotechnical arrangements and their impact over the water courses and aquatic ecosystems, with special regard over the Siret Hydrographic Basin. Key words: hydrotechnical arrangements, impact, aquatic ecosystem 76
<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania INFLUENCE OF LAND USES ON WATER FLOW AND NUTRIENTS IN THE WATERSHED TAABO: INTEREST OF A MODELING WITH SWAT Armand Anoh Kouao 1, 2 , Jean Patrice Jourda 2 , Kan Jean Kouame 2 , Tanoh Jean-Jacques Koua 1,2 , Gabriel Lazar 1 1 "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Environment and Mechanical Engineering Dept. Romania 2 University of Cocody-Abidjan, Laboratory for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis Applied to Hydrogeology, Cote d’Ivoire Corresponding author: anohkouaoarmand@yahoo.fr /anohkoua@gmail.com Abstract: In Cote d’Ivoire, as in most developing countries, the combination of poverty and population growth in the watershed contribute with many problems in terms of natural resource degradation, such as soil, forests and water. The river system in Cote d’Ivoire has four major basins, including Bandama wich represents 32% of the total reservoir of the country. Created in 1975, Lake Watershed Taabo (sub Bandama basin) has made available to Ivorians and rural people in particular, a vast expanse of water to multiple uses. The core activity of most indigenous peoples remains agriculture which occupies almost 85% of land in the basin. Moreover, since lake creation, the forest cover has been reduced from 78% to 25% in early 1990. This reduction in forest area favored by the agriculture intensification increased tenfold the leaching phenomena and soil erosion. However, leaching and soil erosion associated with increasing fertilizer inputs result in losses of nutriments to the river system resulting eutrophication problems experienced by 26% of the total area of the lake since 1990s. University studies conducted on the Taabo retention in 2002 and 2007 show that it is attacked by many anthropogenic activities of local residents. It also present at level of physical-chemical characteristics, an overall annual input and output flows of suspended solids of approximately 8812 tons or 16% of particulate flows. Therefore, the protection of this water is imperative because of its susceptibility to exploitation and pollution. Unfortunately, in Cote d’Ivoire, no surface water has benefit yet of an environmental protection program. It would therefore be advisable that sustainable management of water resources is integrated into development of Cote d’Ivoire for an economic and social development in the long term. A palliative solution for water pollution will be agro-hydrological modeling with SWAT model to reflect the complexity of the interactions between climate, soils and plants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of an agro-hydrological modeling of the Taabo watershed, to quantify the phenomena of diffuse pollution, appreciate their origins, and suggest priority areas for action for actions restoration of the water quality. Keywords: Hydrologie, nutrient, eutrophication, river basin management, Modeling, SWAT. 77
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