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<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania ENVIRONMENTAL RISK DUE TO LEACHATE FROM NON-CONFORMING LANDFILLS Adriana Vatra, Gabriel Lazar “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Corresponding author: Adriana Vatra, adriana.vatra@ub.ro Abstract: The major potential environmental risk related to landfill leachate is the contamination of groundwater and surfacewaters. The leachate contains a range of organic and inorganic compounds that may be either dissolved or suspended. When the leachate is discharged from older sites made before modern standards it becomes a great risk for the environment. In Romania most of the municipality’s landfills are not conforming with the European Union standards. This paper describes the risks and the impact of leachate generated by these landfills for the environment by using mathematical and spatial modeling. Described method was used to study an old landfill that has started from 1960, located in Roman, Romania, near to Moldova River, and to distances less than 500 meters of private homes. Over time here were stored household waste and non-hazardous industrial waste collected from the Roman city; the landfill capacity is exceeded at this moment by about 2.2 times. Disposal of nonselective waste was made in layers compacted only with a bulldozer. For simulating one-dimensional contaminant transport and groundwater flow through unsaturated zones a popular software, UnSat Suite, was used. Software package include SESOIL, VS2DT, VLEACH, PESTAN, and the <strong>International</strong> Weather Generator. The combination of models offers the ability for simulating the downward vertical flow of water and the migration of dissolved contaminants through the vadose zone. UnSat Suite software includes tools for project management, generating synthetic weather data, modeling flow and contaminants through the unsaturated zone, estimating groundwater recharge and contaminant loading rates, and preparing compliance reports. Geographic Information System was also used to generate spatial data necessary to asses the risk. Key words: landfill leachate, older sites, mathematical modeling, spatial modelling. 72
<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania THE CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCING THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOMASS IN TIME Paula Voicu “Politehnica” University of Bucharest, Department of Power engineering Corresponding author: Voicu Paula, paulavoicu85@yahoo.com Abstract: In an era where reserves by conventional fuel are in diminishing, leading to a rapid increase in prices, people are heading the attention to new sources of primary energy to supply a energy of industry cleaner and safer on a long time. Biomass is a renewable source, non-fossil, from which can be obtained fuels, which can be used in power generation systems. The main difference of fossil fuels is the availability biomass in nature and that it is in continue "reproduction". The use its enable the use of materials that could be destined destruction, as a source of energy "renewable", trough result with many ecological values. The use of biomass for energy does not contribute to the greenhouse effect because the same amount of carbon dioxide supplied during combustion is reabsorbed during the process of growth of biomass through photosynthesis process itself. In this context, therefore, increase the share of energy produced trough the use biomass, at the expense of fossil fuels can lead to reduce CO² emitted into the atmosphere. In this paper it put just the problem the reduction of available biomass in time, and what consequences it brings this. It will analyze the results this trough the variation of net updated income according to the nominal cogeneration thermal coefficient and which it will be new optimal coefficient of cogeneration. It will consider the case of use of biomass in the cogeneration installation and natural gas in thermal installation of peak. Starting from the last European Council Directives on the cogeneration by high efficiency and those on in the use of renewable energy resources, it will highlight the advantages of granting green certificates for electricity generation using renewable energy resources. It will analyze the case of highly efficient plants, cogeneration plants, where for the production of electricity from renewable energy resources it get 4 green certificates, according to Law 220/2008, republished in the Official 577 of 13.August.2010. Key words: biomass, cogeneration, green certifications, updated net income, optimal coefficient of cogeneration. 73
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