First International Conference on MOLDAVIAN RISKS – FROM ...

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<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania IN SITU SOIL FLUSHING – STUDIES ON YIELD OF POLLUTED REMEDIATION SANDY SOILS WITH ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ACIDS Alexandra-Dana Chitimus, Valentin Nedeff, Emilian Mosnegutu “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Corresponding author: Alexandra-Dana Chiţimuş, dana.chitimus@ub.ro Abstract: Production activities have affected soils in time, by means of: mining, excavations, waste deposits, landslides, erosion, salting, acidification etc. Currently, at an international level, approximately 20 % of the soils are acidified, and in Romania there are approximately 2 million hectares. The soil depollution process is very complex due to the great number of factors which influence it, such as: - properties of the soil, of geological formations or of subterraneous waters; - pollutant’s properties; - properties of the media with which the pollutant interacts. After permeating the geological medium, pollutants go through some phenomena related to: transport, transformation, transfer, accumulation and fixation. These phenomena contribute to the spreading within, and distribution of, pollutants in the elements of the geological environment and to the alteration of the chemical structure of the geological medium. Techniques for the treatment of polluted soils have as an objective the destruction, elimination or immobilization of pollutants. Depollution techniques can be classified depending on the nature of procedures employed, as follows: - physical procedures, which consist in the extraction of the pollutant from the contaminated environment; - biological procedures, which make use of microorganisms actions in order to eliminate organic or mineral pollutants present in soil, silt, sediments or liquid effluents; - thermal procedures, in which heat is used so as to neutralize the pollutant, to isolate it, or to make it inert. - chemical or electrochemical procedures using the chemical properties of pollutants in order to make them inert, to destroy, or to separate from the polluted environment with the help of adapted reactions. For a soil remediation installation function on the principle soil flushing in situ for ensure a high degree of treatment must be correctly identified correlations between: soil properties that influence the treatment process, structural characteristics of the installation of remediation and work factors. The theoretical and experimental research of the soil depollution process presented in this dissertation constitute an attempt to offer, by means of detailed analysis, the constructive and functional relations of dependence which can set the basis of new depollution installations, created by way of modernizing the old ones, or by devising new models, models which should be competitive with international ones. Keywords: remediation of soil, organic acid compounds, in situ soil flushing, yield. 62
<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania RESEARCH ON THE HEAT BALANCE COMPONENTS OF A SMALL SBR BASIN USED FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT Narcis Barsan, Valentin Nedeff “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Corresponding author: Narcis Barsan, narcis.barsan@ub.ro Abstract: In the nationally and internationally context, the problem of wastewater treatment is no longer seen as a specific objective for urban agglomerations and industrialized areas. Thus, the two general methods of wastewater treatment in centralized or decentralized systems remain complementary in solving environmental pollution problems due to wastewater. In Romania, over 40 % of the population lives in rural areas where wastewater infrastructures are poor or missing. Development of infrastructure in water supply and sewerage is essential for improving living conditions and human health. To solve the problem of domestic wastewater treatment in the areas where can be implemented only decentralized sewage treatment systems, can be used the compact installation that operating by Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process. Unlike the conventional biological mechanical wastewater treatment systems, in which the process (aerobic and/or anaerobic) is divided into several basins, the treatment system that uses the SBR process divide the treatment process by working times. Thus the compact installation that uses SBR process is the most effective alternative to the conventional wastewater treatment with low flow. To ensure a high degree of treatment in the small treatment plants which operates by SBR process is essential to identify the correlations between qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the influent, treatment system construction characteristics and working factors. The main direction of research aims to identify the mathematical equations that describe the heat balance for a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) used in a small municipal wastewater treatment plant. Also in this research the theoretical model was correlated with the numerical values obtained in 30 days of measurements and monitoring of a small wastewater treatment plant use to treat real municipal wastewater. The installation used in this research was used in real condition to obtain the values as close to reality for the component of the heat balance. Key words: wastewater treatment, sequencing batch reactor, heat balance. 63
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