First International Conference on MOLDAVIAN RISKS – FROM ...

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<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania ESENTIAL TOOLS TO MITIGATE OF VRANCEA STRONG EARTHQUAKES ON MOLDAVIAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT Gheorghe Marmureanu, Constantin Ionescu, Alexandru Marmureanu National Institute for Earth Physics, Bucharest Romania Corresponding author: Gheorghe Marmureanu, marmur@infp.ro Abstract: In a world of uncertainty, the only constant is change and rapid change produces a multitude of diverse facts. Risk is an integral part of life. While no country in the world is entirely safe, the lack of capacity to limit the impact of hazards remains a major burden for developing countries and while the world has witnessed an exponential increase in human and material losses due to natural disasters , there is a need to reverse trends in vulnerability to earthquakes.Available data suggest that natural disasters from earthquakes can cause considerable damages, with potentially severe effects to urban environment.On the other hand, environmental degradation increases the intensity of natural disasters, and is often the factor that transform natural hazards, into a disaster. In World, earthquakes are responsible for 15% of total number of events, and 30% of the total damages. Last strong Vrancea earthquake on March 4,1977(Mw=7.4,h=95 km):1578 dead and 11,321 injured (90% of dead and injured 67% of Bucharest), 36 ruined/destroyed blocks in Bucharest, 32,900 houses collapsed or severely damaged; 35,000 families homeless, tens of thousands (64,000) of buildings damaged from Iaşi and Bacău to Craiova, many other damages and destructions in the industry and economy,downtown of Bacău was completely damaged etc. Rapid urbanization of cities has caused unbearable environmental problems primary in the cities of the developing cauntries.Natural risks such as earthquakes are largely beyond human control. Seismic risk management can only be successful when it is fully integrated in global management. This is what is referred to as integrated safety by using innovative and integrated techniques and methods to the further development of community risk management policy.In general,safety management should not be limited to technical prevention, mitigation or preparedness, but must be part of the general trend toward efficiency, effectiveness and quality improvement of environment. The goal of the paper is to enhance our capability to decrese the effects of earthquakes occuring in Vrancea region on the urban environment, inclusively in Moldavian area. Specific fundamental and applied researches were developed last years by National Institute for Earth Physics sustained by „Government Low nr.372/2004 - The National Program of Seismic Management” and European Programmes like FP-6, FP-7, Cross-Border etc. are: (i)-New isoseismal map of the maximum credible Vrancea earthquake or maximum probable Vrancea earthquake, Mw =7.7 (Gh.Mărmureanu et al, Romanian Reports in Physics,Vol. 63, No.1, P. 226–239,2011);(ii)-Seismic microzonation of large populated cities: Iasi, Bacău, Buzău, Craiova, Ploieşti, Timişoara, Sibiu etc.(CEEX Programme, Contract nr.636/2005-2008 and Nucleus Programme); (iii) - Shake maps for each strong Vrancea earthquake which allows us to rapidly portray the extent of shaking in a simplified form suitable for immediate post-earthquake decision–making. Shake map is an instrument of rapid information about an impeding seismic hazard and minimizes the impacts to people and economic activities and them are used by Civil 46
<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania Protection Departments; (4) - Early warning system (EWS) for industrial facilities and other installations of national interest at strong intermediary earthquakes made during of Project SAFER-FP6(2006-2009) and EWS is winner of „2006 IST European Prize”(A.Mărmureanu et al., Advanced real-time acquisition of the Vrancea earthquake early warning system,Soil Dynamics and Earth.Engrg.,Vol.31,Issue 2,SSI,16-169,2011; A.Mărmureanu: Rapid magnitude determination for Vrancea early warning system, Romanian Jornal of Physics,Vol.54,No.9-10,2009); (5)- Seismic tomography of special structures like dams for avoiding catastrophes (Bicaz and Vidraru dams; priority contracts with national authorities). The seismic hazard assessment is a crucial step and an essential tool to mitigate the impact of Vrancea strong earthqakes on urban environment in this part of the World.Prevention pays off! This may not always become apparent immediately, but, in the long run, the benefits from prevention measures will always outweigh their costs by far (Kofi Annan). Key words: Seismic hazard, urban environment,risk mitigation,early-warning system,shake map. 47
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Sponsors of the conference Sodexo P
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