First International Conference on MOLDAVIAN RISKS – FROM ...

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<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS ASSESMENT IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA (CASE STUDY PRUT RIVER VALEY) Igor Nicoara, Oleg Bogdevich Academy of Science of Moldova, Institute of Geology and Seismology Corresponding author: Igor NICOARA, nicoaraigor@gmail.com Abstract: The mitigation of the negative impact of geological hazards to the environmental, economic and population is very important for the sustainable development of every country. The risk of natural hazards like landslides, erosion, drought, inundation is growing last time by the climate change in European country and Moldova. The feasibility study for the assessment of the possible negative impact of natural hazards, including geological, was carried out in Republic of Moldova by UNDP project “Moldova Disaster and Climate Risk Reduction”. The aim of this work is to evaluate a possible risk from geological hazards on example of some villages from Prut river valley. This region is characterized by the complex geologic, geomorphologic and climatic conditions. The unfavorable geological processes are presented by soil erosion, landslides, and sensitive rocks to the inundation. Digital maps of natural disasters, including pollution sources, ware elaborated for every pilot communities by ArcGIS software with the utilization of the electronic map from www.geoportal.md. The evaluation of the spacial distribution of geological hazards and other geoprocessing was made for the risk assessment and territory development plans. These maps are proposed for the geodatabase as a part of scientific support system by the decision making for emergency preparedness plans in region for the prevention and negative impact reduction in the case of natural and anthropogenic accidents. The complex environmental data can be used also for transboundary cooperative projects between Republic of Moldova, Romania and Ukraine in the regional monitoring programs by the disaster prevention and environmental impact assessment. The concrete proposals for the reduction of soil erosion and landslide hazard are made for pilot localities on the basis of GIS elaboration. The results of the study will be presented to the local authorities and other interested stakeholders (ecological, hydrological, meteorological and sanitary service agencies etc). Key words: ArcGIS, digital map, geological hazards. 40
<strong>First</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on MOLDAVIAN RISKS - FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL SCALE 16-19 May 2012, Bacau, Romania SURLARI GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORY: ROLE INTO SPACE AND EARTH WEATHER CONCEPT Anca Isac 1 , Mioara Mandea 2 , Andrei Soare 1 1 Geological Institute of Romania, Surlari Geomagnetic Observatory 2 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale, Earth Observation / Directorate for Strategy and Programmes Corresponding author: Anca Isac, margoisac@yahoo.com Abstract: Surlari (SUA) is the unique national magnetic observatory, established near the capital, Bucharest, in 1943. Since then it is a research facility of the Geological Institute of Romania. From 1997, SUA is member of the worldwide network of magnetic observatories - INTERMAGNET, which monitors in real-time the Earth’s magnetic field variations. Space weather reflects physical processes, beginning at the Sun’s surface, and can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems. Space weather can threat human life or health too, according to the recent studies. The Sun emits energy (flares of electromagnetic radiation: radio waves, infra-red, light, ultraviolet, X-rays) and energetic electrically charged particles through coronal mass ejections. The electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light and takes minutes to move from the Sun’ surface to the Earth, whereas the charged particles which travel outwards (the solar wind) travel more slowly, taking from a few hours to several days to reach the Earth. Solar wind interacts with the Earth's magnetic field and outer atmosphere in complex ways: concentrations of energetic particles and electric currents flowing in magnetosphere and ionosphere. These can result in geomagnetic more rapid variations opposite to the main geomagnetic field, which is slowly varying and originates within the Earth. The ground-based magnetic observatories provide a wide range of information, including the time and intensity of magnetic storms, substorms and pulsations. Of particular importance for monitoring space weather conditions from a ground observatory is the real-time observation of typical storms, which often start with a “sudden commencement”, a positive perturbation in the horizontal magnetic field. The sudden impulses (SI) usually exert no subsequent storms. The sudden storm commencements (SSC) are followed by a general increase in the magnetic northward field as an initial phase (that may continue minutes up to several hours), and after that the main and recovery storm magnetic field pattern are observed, studied and sometimes subject of a warming alert. Scientists, decision-makers from aeronautics and communication, and the public are informed about Sun- Earth system phenomena that might impact human survival. A quantitative analysis of storm time magnetic disturbance and the local geomagnetic disturbance index K are enabled every three hours. One of the aims of SUA observatory is to reduce the impact of space weather on activities of human interest on national territory, due to rapid processing and exchange of space environment information. The field component variations are recorded at a sampling rate of 2 Hz and the field intensity at 0.2 Hz, continuously. A real-time plot showing 24 hours of the current and previous day, including the delta-F check plot, is updated every 10 minutes. The national geomagnetic observatory plays and will play a role in monitoring of space and Earth weather conditions over Romanian territory, mainly nowadays when approaching the next solar maximum, around 2013. This upcoming burst of solar activity, might affect mobile phones, GPSs and many other modern technologies on Earth and near-Earth space. A network of variometer stations to continuously monitor space weather might be a future project of SUA observatory as well as a major involvement of it in the national and international space weather programs. 41
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Sponsors of the conference Sodexo P
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