DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

60 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Coccidioides immitis/posadasii complex WARNING: RG-3 organism. Cultures of Coccidioides immitis/posadasii represent a severe biohazard to laboratory personnel and must be handled with extreme caution in Class II Biological Safety Cabinet (BSCII). Coccidioides immitis has been separated into two distinct species: C. immitis and C. posadasii (Fisher et al. 2002). The two species are morphologically identical and can be distinguished only by genetic analysis and different rates of growth in the presence of high salt concentrations (C. posadasii grows more slowly). C. immitis is geographically limited to California’s San Joaquin Valley region and Mexico, whereas C. posadasii is found in California, Arizona, Texas, Mexico and South America. Morphological Description: Colonies of C. immitis and C. posadasii grown at 25 O C are initially moist and glabrous, but rapidly become suede-like to downy, greyishwhite with a tan to brown reverse, however considerable variation in growth rate and culture morphology has been noted. Microscopy shows typical single-celled, hyaline, rectangular to barrel-shaped, alternate arthroconidia, 2.5-4 x 3-6 µm in size, separated from each other by a disjunctor cell. This arthroconidial state has been classified in the genus Malbranchea and is similar to that produced by many non-pathogenic soil fungi, e.g. Gymnoascus species. Comment: Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii dimorphic fungi, existing in living tissue as spherules and endospores, and in soil or culture in a mycelial form. Culture identification by either exoantigen test or DNA sequencing is preferred to minimise exposure to the infectious propagule. Key Features: Clinical history, tissue pathology, culture identification by ITS sequence analysis. 20 μm Coccidioides immitis tissue morphology showing typical endosporulating spherules. Young spherules have a clear centre with peripheral cytoplasm and a prominent thick-wall. Endospores (sporangiospores) are later formed within the spherule by repeated cytoplasmic cleavage. Rupture of the spherule releases endospores into the surrounding tissue where they re-initiate the cycle of spherule development. References: Ajello (1957), Steele et al. (1977), McGinnis (1980), Chandler et al. (1980), Catanzaro (1986), Rippon (1988), de Hoog et al. (2015), Fisher et al. (2002).
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 61 Coccidioides immitis/posadasii complex Molecular Identification: In endemic areas a DNA probe for recognition of the species is commercially available (Padhye et al. 1994b). ITS sequencing is recommended for differentiation of species (Tintelnot et al. 2007, Binnicker et al. 2011). a b 5 μm Coccidioides immitis (a) culture and (b) arthroconidia with disjunctor cells. Antifungal Susceptibility: C. immitis (Ramani and Chaturvedi 2007); MIC µg/mL. Antifungal susceptibility testing not recommended. For treatment options see Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Coccidioidomycosis (Galgiani et al. 2005). No. 16 AmB 45 7 25 8 4 1 FLU 45 1 4 10 27 3 ITRA 45 13 9 15 8 POSA 45 25 13 3 4 VORI 45 23 22
Page 1 and 2:
DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI THIRD
Page 3 and 4:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi iii P
Page 5 and 6:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi v PRE
Page 7 and 8:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi vii C
Page 9 and 10:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi ix CO
Page 11 and 12:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi xi CO
Page 13 and 14:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 1 The
Page 15 and 16:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 3 A u
Page 17 and 18:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 5 Aph
Page 19 and 20:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 7 Apo
Page 21 and 22: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 9 Art
Page 23 and 24: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 11 Ar
Page 25 and 26: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 13 As
Page 33 and 34: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 21 Ne
Page 35 and 36: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 23 Th
Page 39 and 40: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 27 Au
Page 41 and 42: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 29 Ba
Page 45 and 46: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 33 Bl
Page 47 and 48: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 35 Ca
Page 57 and 58: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 45 RG
Page 63 and 64: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 51 Ch
Page 65 and 66: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 53 Cl
Page 71: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 59 Cl
Page 75 and 76: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 63 Sy
Page 77 and 78: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 65 Co
Page 79 and 80: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 67 Cr
Page 85 and 86: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 73 Cu
Page 89 and 90: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 77 Cu
Page 91 and 92: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 79 Cy
Page 93 and 94: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 81 De
Page 95 and 96: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 83 Sy
Page 97 and 98: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 85 Ex
Page 99 and 100: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 87 RG
Page 101 and 102: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 89 Ex
Page 105 and 106: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 93 Mo
Page 107 and 108: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 95 Fu
Page 113 and 114: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 101 T
Page 115 and 116: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 103 G
Page 117 and 118: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 105 T
Page 119 and 120: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 107 H
Page 121 and 122: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 109 K
Page 123 and 124:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 111 S
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 115 L
Page 129 and 130:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 117 M
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 137 N
Page 151 and 152:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 139 N
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 143 O
Page 157 and 158:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 145 P
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 163 Q
Page 177 and 178:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 165 R
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 191 T
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 225 V
Page 239 and 240:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 227 V
Page 241 and 242:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 229 W
Page 243 and 244:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 231 K
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 235 C
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
show all

DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?