DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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214 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Trichophyton tonsurans Malmsten Trichophyton tonsurans cultures show considerable variation in texture and colour. The colour may vary from pale-buff to yellow to dark-brown. The reverse colour varies from yellow-brown to reddish-brown to deep mahogany. b a 20 µm Trichophyton tonsurans (a) hyphae, microconidia and (b) macroconidia.
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 215 Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic fungus causing ringworm in cattle. Infections in humans result from direct contact with cattle or infected fomites and are usually highly inflammatory involving the scalp, beard or exposed areas of the body. Invaded hairs show an ectothrix infection and fluorescence under Wood’s ultra-violet light has been noted in cattle but not in humans. Distribution is worldwide. RG-2 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies are slow growing, small, button or disk-shaped, white to cream-coloured, with a suede-like to velvety surface, a raised centre, and flat periphery with some submerged growth. Reverse pigment may vary from nonpigmented to yellow. Broad, irregular hyphae with many terminal and intercalary chlamydospores. Chlamydospores are often in chains. The tips of some hyphae are broad and club-shaped, and occasionally divided, giving the so-called “antler” effect. When grown on thiamine-enriched media, occasional strains produce clavate to pyriform microconidia borne singly along the hyphae. Macroconidia are only rarely produced, but when present have a characteristic tail or string bean shape. Confirmatory Tests: Trichophyton verrucosum Bodin Growth at 37 O C: Unlike other dermatophytes, growth is enhanced at 37 O C. Nutritional Requirements: all strains require thiamine and approximately 80% require thiamine and inositol. There is no growth on casein vitamin free agar (T1), minimal submerged growth on T1 + inositol (T2), good growth on T1 + inositol and thiamine (T3) and good growth on T1 + thiamine only (T4). All strains produce typical chains of chlamydospores, often referred to as “chains of pearls”, especially when grown on BCP milk solids glucose agar at 37 O C. When grown at 25 O C on milk solids glucose agar a “halo”-like zone of peripheral clearing of milk solids occurs within 7 days. Microscopic examination of young colonies (4 to 5 day old), grown from a very small inoculum, on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing 0.5% yeast extract and incubated at 30 O C, show characteristic terminal vesicles (not chlamydospores) at the tips of hyphae. The number of vesicles produced is greater from primary inoculations of skin scrapings or hairs than from subcultures. Key Features: Culture characteristics and requirements for thiamine and inositol, large ectothrix invasion of hair, clinical lesions and history. a b Trichophyton verrucosum (a) young button-shaped colonies and (b) mature culture.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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