DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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212 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Trichophyton soudanense Joyeux. Trichophyton soudanense is an anthropophilic fungus that is a frequent cause of tinea capitis in Africa. Invaded hairs show an endothrix infection but do not fluoresce under Wood’s ultra-violet light. Distribution is mainly in Africa with imported cases now reported from Europe, Brazil, Australia and USA. RG-2 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies are slow-growing with a flat to folded, suedelike surface. Often there is a broad fringe of submerged growth. Surface mycelium and reverse pigment are characteristically a deep apricot-orange in colour. Microscopically, the hyphae often show reflexive or right-angle branching. Pyriform microconidia may occasionally be present and numerous chlamydospores are often found in older cultures. Note: T. soudanense demonstrates profuse growth and alkalinity on BCP milk solids agar. A thin halo of clearing usually appears in the milk solids around the colony edge at 7-10 days. Key Features: clinical history, culture characteristics and microscopic morphology showing reflexive hyphal branching and endothrix invasion of hair. a b 20 µm Trichophyton soudanense (a) culture and (b) “reflex” hyphal branching.
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 213 Trichophyton tonsurans is an anthropophilic fungus with a worldwide distribution which causes inflammatory or chronic non-inflammatory finely scaling lesions of skin, nails and scalp. It is a common cause of tinea capitis in Australian Aborigines and African Americans. Invaded hairs show an endothrix infection and do not fluoresce under Wood’s ultra-violet light. RG-2 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies show considerable variation in texture and colour. They may be suede-like to powdery, flat with a raised centre or folded, often with radial grooves. The colour may vary from pale-buff to yellow, (the sulfureum form which resembles Epidermophyton floccosum), to dark-brown. The reverse colour varies from yellow-brown to reddish-brown to deep mahogany. Hyphae are relatively broad, irregular, much branched with numerous septa. Numerous characteristic microconidia varying in size and shape from long clavate to broad pyriform, are borne at right angles to the hyphae, which often remain unstained by lactophenol cotton blue. Very occasional smooth, thin-walled, irregular, clavate macroconidia may be present on some cultures. Numerous swollen giant forms of microconidia and chlamydospores are produced in older cultures. Confirmatory Tests: Mycosel Agar: Chlamydospore-like structures produced by 5 days is characteristic of T. tonsurans (Mochizuki et al. 2013). Hydrolysis of Urea: positive at 5 days. Trichophyton tonsurans Malmsten T1 T4 a b Nutritional Tests on Trichophyton Agars: results demonstrate a partial requirement for (a) thiamine. T1 = vitamin free agar, (b) T4 = vitamin free + thiamine agar. Hair Perforation Test: Positive within 14 days. Key Features: microscopic morphology, culture characteristics, endothrix invasion of hairs and partial thiamine requirement. References: Rebell and Taplin (1970), Ajello (1972), Vanbreusegham et al. (1978), Rippon (1988), McGinnis (1980), Domsch et al. (1980), Kane et al. (1997) and de Hoog et al. (2000, 2015).
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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