DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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196 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Trichophyton equinum (Matruchot & Dassonville) Gedoelst Synonomy: Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum J.M.B. Smith et al. Trichophyton equinum is a zoophilic fungus causing ringworm in horses and rare infections in humans. It has a worldwide distribution except for the autotrophicum strain which is restricted to Australia and New Zealand. Invaded hairs show an ectothrix infection but do not fluoresce under Wood’s ultra-violet light. RG-2 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies are usually flat, but some may develop gentle folds or radial grooves, white to buff in colour, suede-like to downy in texture, and are similar to T. mentagrophytes. Cultures usually have a deep-yellow submerged fringe and reverse which later becomes dark red in the centre. Microscopically: abundant microconidia which may be clavate to pyriform and sessile or spherical and stalked are formed laterally along the hyphae. Macroconidia are only rarely produced, but when present are clavate, smooth, thin-walled and of variable size. Occasional nodular organs may be present and the microconidia often undergo a transformation to produce abundant chlamydospores in old cultures. Confirmatory Tests: Lactritmel Agar: Flat spreading, white to cream-coloured, powdery to granular surface with a central downy papilla, and deep brownish-red reverse. Microscopic morphology as described above. Hydrolysis of Urea: Positive in 4-5 days. a b Nutritional Tests on Trichophyton Agars: (a) Most strains require nicotinic acid for growth except those from Australia and New Zealand, which are autotrophic (b). T1 = vitamin free agar, T5 = vitamin free + nicotinic acid agar. Hair Perforation Test: Negative; but positive for the autotrophicum strains. Molecular Diagnostics: Species identification supported by ITS sequencing (Gräser et al. 1999a; Chen et al. 2011). Key Features: Microscopic morphology, culture characteristics, nicotinic acid requirement and clinical lesions in horses. Most strains require nicotinic acid for growth except autotrophic strains.
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 197 Trichophyton equinum (Matruchot & Dassonville) Gedoelst a c b 20 µm d Trichophyton equinum (a) culture, (b) microconidia, (c) macroconidia and (d) nodular organs.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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