DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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190 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Talaromyces marneffei (Segretain et al.) Samson et al. Synonymy: Penicillium marneffei Segretain et al. WARNING: RG-3 organism. Cultures of Talaromyces marneffei may represent a biohazard to laboratory personnel and should be handled with caution in a class II Biological Safety Cabinet (BSCII). T. marneffei exhibits thermal dimorphism and is endemic in Southeast Asia and the southern region of China. Samson et al. (2011b) redefined Talaromyces by combining Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium into Talaromyces based upon phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and RPB1 loci. The genus contains 88 species that were placed into seven sections based on a multigene phylogeny of the ITS, β-tubulin and RPB2 regions (Yilmaz et al. 2014). T. marneffei is the only known dimorphic species in the genus, producing filamentous growth at 25 O C and a yeast phase at 37 O C (Andrianopoulos 2002). Molecular Identification: ITS sequencing is recommended, as well as β-tubulin as a secondary molecular marker for identification (Yilmaz et al. 2014). Morphological Description: Colonies at 25 O C are fast growing, suede-like to downy, white with yellowish-green conidial heads. Colonies become greyish-pink to brown with age and produce a diffusible brownish-red to wine-red pigment. Conidiophores generally biverticillate and sometimes monoverticillate; hyaline, smooth-walled and bear terminal verticils of three to five metulae, each bearing three to seven phialides. Phialides are acerose to flask-shaped. Conidia are globose to subglobose, 2-3 µm in diameter, smooth-walled and are produced in basipetal succession from the phialides. On brain heart infusion (BHI) agar containing blood incubated at 37 O C, colonies are rough, glabrous, tan-coloured and yeast-like. Microscopically, yeast cells are spherical to ellipsoidal, 2-6 µm in diameter, and divide by fission rather than budding. Numerous short hyphal elements are also present. Histopathology: Tissue sections show small, oval to ellipsoidal yeast-like cells, 3 µm in diameter, either packed within histiocytes or scattered through the tissue. Occasional, large, elongated sausage-shaped cells, up to 8 µm long, with distinctive septa may be present. Key Features: Talaromyces marneffei is the only dimorphic species of Talaromyces, which grows as a yeast at 37 O C. It produces a red soluble pigment on general media and conidiophores have flask-shaped to acerose phialides. References: Pitt (1979), Ramirez (1982), de Hoog et al. (2000, 2015), Andrianopoulos (2002), Lyratzopoulos et al. (2002), Samson et al. (2011b), Visagie et al. (2014), Yilmaz et al. (2014).
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 191 Talaromyces marneffei (Segretain et al.) Samson et al. a b 5 µm c 15 µm 5 µm c Talaromyces marneffei (a) colony, (b) a giemsa stained touch smear showing typical septate yeast-like cells (arrow), (c) phialides and conidia. Antifungal Susceptibility: T. marneffei very limited data (Australian National data); MIC µg/mL. No. 8 AmB 5 2 2 1 VORI 5 3 2 POSA 4 3 1 ITRA 5 1 4
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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