DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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182 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Synonymy: Pseudallescheria boydii (Shear) McGinnis, A.A. Padhye & Ajello. RG-2 organism. Scedosporium boydii (Shear) Gilgado et al. Morphological Description: Colonies are fast growing, greyish-white, suede-like to downy with a greyish-black reverse. Numerous single-celled, pale-brown, broadly clavate to ovoid conidia, 4-9 x 6-10 µm, rounded above with truncate bases are observed. Conidia are borne singly or in small groups on elongate, simple or branched conidiophores or laterally on hyphae. Cleistothecia (non-ostiolate ascocarps) are yellow-brown to black, spherical, 50-200 μm in diameter, and are mostly submerged in the agar and are composed of irregularly interwoven brown hyphae. When crushed cleistothecia release numerous, faintly brown, ellipsoidal ascospores, 4-5 x 7- 9 µm in size. Erect synnemata may be present in some isolates. Optimum temperature for growth is 30-37 O C. Note: S. boydii is homothallic and is recognised by smaller cleistothecia (50-200 μm) whereas S. apiospermum is heterothallic (requires mating of two strains) and has larger cleistothecia, 140-480 μm (Gilgado et al. 2010). a Scedosporium boydii (a) culture and a (b) cleistothecium. b 20 µm Antifungal Susceptibility: S. boydii vs S. apiospermum (Lackner et al. 2014b). S. boydii S. apiospermum Antifungal (MIC µg/mL) Range MIC 90 Range MIC 90 AmB 0.5->16 >16 0.5->16 >16 VORI 0.125-2 2 0.25->8 2 POSA 0.125->16 >16 0.25->16 >16 ITRA 0.125->16 >16 0.25->16 >16
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 183 Schizophyllum commune Fries Schizophyllum commune is a common basidiomycete bracket fungus found on rotten wood, and is an occasional human pathogen, principally associated with sinusitis, allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis and as a contaminant from respiratory specimens. However the introduction of DNA sequencing and/or MALDI-TOF MS identification in the clinical laboratory has seen many more cases of S. commune fungal rhinosinusitis identified (Michel et al. 2012, Chowdhary et al. 2013a, 2014a,b). RG-1 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies on 2% malt extract agar are spreading, woolly, whitish to pale greyish-brown, soon forming macroscopically visible fruiting bodies. Some isolates may take up to 12 weeks to form fruiting bodies. Fruit bodies are sessile, kidney-shaped, lobed with split gills on the lower side. Hyphae are hyaline, wide and have clamp connections. Basidia bear four basidiospores on erect sterigmata. Basidiospores hyaline, smooth-walled, elongate with lateral scar at lower end, 6-7 x 2-3 µm. Note: Many clinical isolates of S. commune are monokaryotic and do not show clamp connections, therefore any white, rapidly growing, sterile isolate showing good growth at 37 O C with tolerance to benomyl, susceptibility to cycloheximide, and a pronounced odour should be suspected of being S. commune (Sigler et al. 1995). Molecular Identification: Sequencing of the ITS and D1/D2 regions is recommended (Buzina et al. 2001, Won et al. 2012, Chowdhary et al. 2013b, Michel et al. 2012), however the number of well identified nucleotide sequences of these fungi in the GenBank database remains limited. MALDI-TOF MS: Michel et al. (2012), Chowdhary et al. (2014b), Huguenin et al. (2015) provide identification procedures, however the number of mass spectral profiles to be found in MALDI-TOF libraries remains limited. References: McGinnis (1980), Rippon (1988), Sigler et al. (1995), de Hoog et al. (2015). Schizophyllum commune basidiocarps growing on malt extract agar. Antifungal Susceptibility: S. commune (Chowdhary et al. 2013b); MIC µg/mL. Antifungal Range MIC 90 Antifungal Range MIC 90 AmB 0.03-2 1 FLU 2-64 64 ITRA 0.03-8 1 VORI 0.06-2 0.5
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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