DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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170 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Rhizopus microsporus v. Tiegh Synonymy: Rhizopus azygosporus Yuan & Jong. Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus Tiegh. Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus (Saito) Schipper & Stalpers. Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis (Cohn) Schipper & Stalpes. Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis (Saito) Schipper & Stalpers. RG-2 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies are dark greyish-brown, up to 10 mm high producing simple rhizoids. Sporangiophores are brownish, up to 400 µm high and 10 µm wide, and may be produced in groups of one to four, usually in pairs. Sporangia are greyish-black, spherical, up to 100 µm in diameter. Columellae are subglobose to globose to conical comprising 80% of the sporangium. Sporangiospores are angular to broadly ellipsoidal or subglobose, up to 5-9 µm in length and are distinctly striate. Chlamydospores may be present. Zygospores are dark red–brown, spherical, up to 100 µm in diameter, with stellate projections and unequal suspensor cells. Some strains may be homothallic and produce azygospores. There is good growth at 45 O C, with a maximum of 50-52 O C. 30 µm Rhizopus microsporus sporangia showing sporangiospores, columellae, sporangiophores and rhizoids.
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 171 Rhodotorula Harrison Rhodotorula species are common environmental basidiomycetous yeasts, which can be found in soil, ocean and lake water, fruit juice and milk, and on shower curtains and toothbrushes. Today, the genus contains 46 species of which three have been described as rare human pathogens: R. mucilaginosa (formerly known as R. rubra), R. glutinis and R. minuta (Arendrup et al. 2014). Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is a common airborne contaminant of skin, lungs, urine and faeces. R. mucilaginosa is a known cause of fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This is usually due to saprophytic colonisation of catheters or dialysis machinery and removal of the source of contamination usually leads to clearing of the symptoms. This species accounts for the majority of the infections (74–79%) followed by R. glutinis (7.7%) (Tuon and Costa 2008, Arendrup et al. 2014). Molecular Identification: In many clinical cases species identification requires ITS and/or D1/D2 sequencing (Duboc de Almeida et al. 2008, Tuon and Costa 2008, Arendrup et al. 2014). MALDI-T<strong>OF</strong> MS: reliably identifies clinically relevant Rhodotorula spp. References: McGinnis (1980), Barnett et al. (1983), Kreger-Van Rij (1984), Rippon (1988), Kurtzman and Fell (1988), de Hoog et al. (2000, 2015), Spiliopoulou et al. (2012), Duboc de Almeida et al. (2008), Tuon and Costa (2008), Arendrup et al. (2014). Rhodotorula mucilaginosa culture.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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