DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI
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Descriptions of Medical Fungi 165<br />
Rhinocladiella Nannfeldt<br />
Antifungal Susceptibility: Rhinocladiella atrovirens very limited data (McGinnis<br />
and Pasarell 1998a); MIC µg/mL.<br />
Antifungal Range Antifungal Range Antifungal Range<br />
AmB 0.03-0.25 ITRA 0.03-0.06 VORI 0.03-0.5<br />
Rhinocladiella mackenziei (Campbell & Al-Hedaithy) Arzanlou & Crous<br />
WARNING: RG-3 organism. Cultures of R. mackenziei represent a potential biohazard<br />
to laboratory personnel and must be handled with extreme caution in a Class II Biological<br />
Safety Cabinet (BSCII).<br />
R. mackenziei is an extremely rare, neurotropic organism that causes fatal brain<br />
lesions, mostly in patients who are immunocompromised or suffered from underlying<br />
metabolic diseases. The species is typically restricted to the Middle East, in an arid<br />
zone between Israel and Pakistan (Kanj et al. 2001, Khan et al. 2002, Taj-Aldeen et al.<br />
2010), with a single autochtonous case in India (Badali et al. 2010). Cases in the USA<br />
and Europe invariably were found in patients originating from the Middle East (Sutton<br />
et al. 1998, Revankar and Sutton 2010, de Hoog et al. 2015).<br />
Morphological Description: Colonies growing moderately rapidly, velvety, olivaceousbrown.<br />
Conidiophores arising at right angles from creeping hyphae, stout, thick-walled,<br />
brown, 3.0-4.5 µm wide, 10-25 µm long, apically with short-cylindrical denticles. Conidia<br />
brown, ellipsoidal, 8.5-12.0 × 4-5 µm, with a prominent, wide basal scar.<br />
Molecular Identification: ITS and D1/D2 sequencing is recommended for accurate<br />
species identification (Taj-Aldeen et al. 2010).<br />
References: de Hoog (1977, 1983), Schell et al. (1983), de Hoog et al. (2000, 2015),<br />
Taj-Aldeen et al. (2010), Revankar and Sutton (2010).<br />
Antifungal Susceptibility: R. mackenziei very limited data compiled from six case<br />
reports (Taj-Aldeen et al. 2010); MIC µg/mL.<br />
No. 32<br />
AmB 7 1 3 2 1<br />
VORI 3 1 1 1<br />
POSA 5 2 2 1<br />
ITRA 7 5 1 1