DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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136 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Myrmecridium schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou et al. Synonymy: Ramichloridium schulzeri Stahel ex de Hoog. Ramichloridium schulzeri was placed in a new genus, Myrmecridium by Arzanlou et al. (2007). M. schulzeri is an uncommon soil saprophyte of worldwide distribution. It has also been isolated from plant detritus and as a contaminant of bronchoscopy fluid. It is the causative agent of “Golden Tongue” syndrome reported by Rippon et al. (1985). RG-1 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies growing moderately rapidly, consisting of a rather compact, flat, submerged mycelium, pale orange, locally with some powdery, brownish aerial mycelium; reverse pink to orange. Conidiophores are erect, straight, unbranched, thick-walled, reddish-brown, up to 250 µm high, gradually becoming paler towards the apex, of variable length, elongating sympodially during conidiogenesis, with scattered, pimple-shaped conidium bearing denticles which have unpigmented scars. Conidia are subhyaline, smooth-walled or slightly rough-walled, ellipsoidal, obovoidal or fusiform, 6.5-10 x 3-4 µm, usually with an acuminate base and unpigmented scars. Molecular Identification: ITS and D1/D2 sequencing may be used for accurate species identification (Halliday et al. 2015). Note: Myrmecridium species can be distinguished from other Ramichloridium-like fungi by having entirely hyaline vegetative hyphae, and widely scattered, pimple-shaped denticles on the long hyaline rachis. The conidial sheath is also visible in lactic acid mounts with bright field microscopy Arzanlou et al. (2007). References: de Hoog (1977), Rippon et al. (1985), de Hoog et al. (2000, 2015), Arzanlou et al. (2007). 10 µm 20 µm Myrmecridium schulzeri conidiophores showing sympodial development of conidia.
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 137 Nannizzia fulva (Uriburu) Stockdale Synonymy: Microsporum fulvum Uriburu. Nannizzia fulva is a geophilic fungus of worldwide distribution which may cause occasional infections in humans and animals. Clinical disease is similar to N. gypsea but less common. Invaded hairs show a sparse ectothrix infection but do not fluoresce under Wood’s ultra-violet light. RG-1 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies are fast growing, flat, suede-like, tawny-buff to pinkish-buff in colour and frequently have a fluffy white advancing edge. A dark red under surface is occasionally seen, otherwise it is colourless to yellow brown. Abundant thin-walled, elongate, ellipsoidal macroconidia are formed which closely resemble those of N. gypsea, except they are longer and more bullet-shaped (clavate) with three to six septa. Numerous spiral hyphae, which are often branched are seen. Numerous pyriform to clavate microconidia are also produced but these are not diagnostic. Key Features: Macroconidial morphology and culture characteristics. Molecular Identification: ITS sequencing is recommended. References: Rebell and Taplin (1970), Rippon (1988), Gräser et al. (2008), Cafarchia et al. (2013), de Hoog et al. (2015, 2016). a b 20 µm Nannizzia fulva (a) culture and (b) macroconidia.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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