DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

118 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Magnusiomyces capitatus (de Hoog et al.) de Hoog & M.Th. Smith Synonymy: Saprochaete capitata (Diddens & Lodder) de Hoog & M.Th. Smith; Geotrichum capitatum (Diddens & Lodder) v. Arx; Trichosporon capitatum Diddens & Lodder; Blastoschizomyces capitis (Diddens & Lodder) Salkin et al. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of rDNA gene sequences, de Hoog and Smith (2004) transferred Geotrichum capitatum to the genus Magnusiomyces. Magnusiomyces capitatus occurs quite commonly in humans, usually as a transient component of normal skin flora and sputum. Systemic infections including pulmonary, fungaemia and endocarditis have been reported in immunosuppressed patients. RG-1 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies are moderately fast growing, flat, whitish, and finely suede-like with no reverse pigment. Hyphae are profusely branched at acute angles, with terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells which form long, cicatrised rachids on which conidia are borne. Conidia are hyaline, smooth, one-celled, cylindrical to clavate, with a rounded apex and flat base, 7-10 x 2.5-3.5 µm. Rectangular arthroconidia are also often present. Physiological Tests: + Positive, - Negative, v Variable, w Weak, s Slow, nd No Data Germ Tube - L-Sorbose v L-Arabinose - D-Glucitol + Fermentation Sucrose - D-Arabinose - α-M-D-glucoside - Glucose - Maltose - D-Ribose - D-Gluconate - Galactose - Cellobiose - L-Rhamnose - DL-Lactate + Sucrose - Trehalose - D-Glucosamine - myo-Inositol - Maltose - Lactose - N-A-D-glucosamine nd 2-K-D-gluconate - Lactose - Melibiose - Glycerol + D-Glucuronate nd Trehalose - Raffinose - Erythritol - Nitrate - Assimilation Melezitose - Ribitol - Urease - Glucose + Soluble Starch - Galactitol - 0.1% Cycloheximide + Galactose + D-Xylose - D-Mannitol + Growth at 40 O C + Molecular Identification: ITS sequencing recommended (de Hoog and Smith 2004). Note: Magnusiomyces capitatus and Saprochaete clavata are human pathogens that are closely related and are frequently mistaken for each other. Desnos-Ollivier et al. (2014) proposed species-specific carbon assimilation patterns and MALDI-T<strong>OF</strong> MS profiles to enable the identification of S. clavata, M. capitatus and Geotrichum candidum to the species level. References: de Hoog and Smith (2004, 2011c), de Hoog et al. (2015), Garcia-Ruiz et al. (2013), Desnos-Ollivier et al. (2014), Arendrup et al. (2014). Antifungal Susceptibility: M. capitatus limited data (Garcia-Ruiz et al. 2013, Australian National data); MIC µg/mL. Note: Isolates of M. capitatus are intrinsically resistant to echinocandins (Arendrup et al. 2014). No. 64 AmB 9 1 1 4 3 FLU 9 1 1 2 3 2 VORI 8 2 2 2 1 1 POSA 8 2 1 2 2 1 ITRA 9 1 4 4 5FC 4 2 1 1
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 119 Malassezia Baillon Malassezia species are basidiomycetous yeasts and form part of the normal skin flora of humans and animals. The genus now includes 14 species of which 13 are lipid dependent. These include M. caprae (goat, horse), M. cuniculi (rabbit), M. dermatis (human), M. equina (horse, cow), M. furfur (human, cow, elephant, pig, monkey, ostrich, pelican), M. globosa (human, cheetah, cow), M. japonica (human), M. nana (cat, cow, dog), M. obtusa (human), M. pachydermatis (dog, cat, carnivores, birds), M. restricta (human), M. slooffiae (human, pig, goat, sheep), M. sympodialis (human, horse, pig sheep) and M. yamatoensis (human) (Cabanes et al. 2011). M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. slooffiae and M. restricta are the most frequently found species responsible for colonisation of humans (Arendrup et al. 2014). Malassezia species may cause various skin manifestations including pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis, dandruff, atopic eczema and folliculitis. M. pachydermatis is known to cause external otitis in dogs. Fungaemia due to lipid-dependent Malassezia species usually occurs in patients with central line catheters receiving lipid replacement therapy, especially in infants (Tragiannides et al. 2010, Gaitanis et al. 2012, Arendrup et al. 2014). Note: With the exception of M. pachydermatis, the primary isolation and culture of Malassezia species is challenging because in vitro growth must be stimulated by natural oils or other fatty substances. The most common method used is to overlay Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) containing cycloheximide (actidione) with olive oil or alternatively to use a more specialised media like modified Leeming and Notham agar (Kaneko et al. 2007), or modified Dixon’s agar (see specialised culture media). However, CHROMagar Malassezia medium is now commercially available for the primary isolation and differentiation of the most common Malassezia species. Comment: For clinical management at the level of the individual patient, species identification is less important, although it is obviously needed for epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation (Arendrup et al. 2014). a b 10 μm Malassezia furfur (a) culture on modified Dixon’s agar and (b) direct microscopy of skin scrapings showing characteristic clusters of thick-walled round, budding yeast-like cells and short angular hyphal forms (the so called “spaghetti and meatballs” appearance) typically seen in pityriasis versicolor.
Page 1 and 2:
DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI THIRD
Page 3 and 4:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi iii P
Page 5 and 6:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi v PRE
Page 7 and 8:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi vii C
Page 9 and 10:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi ix CO
Page 11 and 12:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi xi CO
Page 13 and 14:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 1 The
Page 15 and 16:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 3 A u
Page 17 and 18:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 5 Aph
Page 19 and 20:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 7 Apo
Page 21 and 22:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 9 Art
Page 23 and 24:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 11 Ar
Page 25 and 26:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 13 As
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 21 Ne
Page 35 and 36:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 23 Th
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 27 Au
Page 41 and 42:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 29 Ba
Page 43 and 44:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 31 Th
Page 45 and 46:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 33 Bl
Page 47 and 48:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 35 Ca
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 45 RG
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 51 Ch
Page 65 and 66:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 53 Cl
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 61 Co
Page 75 and 76:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 63 Sy
Page 77 and 78:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 65 Co
Page 79 and 80: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 67 Cr
Page 85 and 86: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 73 Cu
Page 87 and 88: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 75 Th
Page 89 and 90: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 77 Cu
Page 91 and 92: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 79 Cy
Page 93 and 94: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 81 De
Page 95 and 96: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 83 Sy
Page 97 and 98: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 85 Ex
Page 99 and 100: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 87 RG
Page 101 and 102: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 89 Ex
Page 103 and 104: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 91 Th
Page 105 and 106: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 93 Mo
Page 107 and 108: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 95 Fu
Page 113 and 114: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 101 T
Page 115 and 116: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 103 G
Page 117 and 118: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 105 T
Page 119 and 120: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 107 H
Page 121 and 122: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 109 K
Page 123 and 124: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 111 S
Page 127 and 128: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 115 L
Page 129: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 117 M
Page 133 and 134: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 121 M
Page 149 and 150: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 137 N
Page 151 and 152: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 139 N
Page 155 and 156: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 143 O
Page 157 and 158: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 145 P
Page 175 and 176: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 163 Q
Page 177 and 178: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 165 R
Page 179 and 180: Descriptions of Medical Fungi 167 R
Page 181 and 182:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 169 S
Page 183 and 184:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 171 R
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 191 T
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 225 V
Page 239 and 240:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 227 V
Page 241 and 242:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 229 W
Page 243 and 244:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 231 K
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 235 C
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
show all

DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?