DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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108 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Hortaea werneckii (Horta) Nishimura & Miyaji Synonymy: Phaeoannellomyces werneckii (Horta) McGinnis & Schell; Exophiala werneckii (Horta) v. Arx; Cladosporium werneckii Horta. Hortaea werneckii is a common saprophytic fungus believed to occur in soil, compost, humus and on wood in humid tropical and subtropical regions and is the causative agent of tinea nigra in humans. RG-1 organism. Morphological Description: Colonies are slow growing, initially mucoid, yeast-like and shiny-black. However with age they develop abundant aerial mycelia and become dark olivaceous in colour. Microscopically, colonies consist of brown to dark olivaceous, septate hyphal elements and numerous two-celled, pale brown, cylindrical to spindleshaped yeast-like cells that taper towards the ends to form an annellide. Most yeastlike cells also have prominent darkly-pigmented septa. Annellides may also arise from the hyphae. Conidia are one to two-celled, cylindrical to spindle-shaped, hyaline to pale brown and usually occur in aggregated masses. Chlamydospores also present. Key Features: Hyphomycete, two-celled yeast-like cells producing annelloconidia. Molecular Identification: An ITS-primer specific for H. werneckii was developed by Abliz et al. (2003). ITS sequencing can also assist identification. References: Mok (1982), McGinnis (1980), McGinnis et al. (1985), Rippon (1988), de Hoog et al. (2000), Abliz et al. (2003), Ng et al. (2005). Antifungal Susceptibility: H. wernickii (Ng et al. 2005, Formoso et al. 2015); MIC µg/mL. No. 64 AmB 6 1 1 1 1 2 FLU 6 2 1 3 VORI 6 2 1 3 POSA 4 2 2 ITRA 8 2 2 2 2 a 20 µm b Hortaea werneckii (a) culture and (b) conidia.
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 109 Kluyveromyces marxianus (Hansen) van der Walt Synonymy: Candida kefyr (Beijerinck) van Uden & Buckley. Candida pseudotropicalis (Castellani) Basgal. Kluyveromyces marxianus is a rare cause of candidiasis and is usually associated with superficial cutaneous manifestations rather than systemic disease. Environmental isolations have been made from cheese and dairy products. RG-1 organism. Culture: Colonies (SDA) white to cream-coloured smooth, glabrous, yeast-like. Microscopy: Short-ovoid to long-ovoid, budding blastoconidia, 3.0-6.5 x 5.5-11.0 µm, sometimes becoming elongate (up to 16.0 µm). India Ink Preparation: Negative - no capsules present. Dalmau Plate Culture: Abundant, long, wavy, branched pseudohyphae usually formed, with ovoid blastoconidia, budding off singly, in pairs or chains, often in a verticillated position. Note: In some strains pseudohyphae may be scarce or almost absent. Molecular Identification: ITS sequencing recommended. MALDI-T<strong>OF</strong> MS: Able to accurately identify this species. Physiological Tests: + Positive, - Negative, v Variable, w Weak, s Slow, nd No Data Germ Tube - L-Sorbose v L-Arabinose v D-Glucitol v Fermentation Sucrose + D-Arabinose - α-M-D-glucoside - Glucose + Maltose - D-Ribose v D-Gluconate - Galactose +,s Cellobiose v L-Rhamnose - DL-Lactate + Sucrose + Trehalose -,w D-Glucosamine - myo-Inositol - Maltose - Lactose v N-A-D-glucosamine - 2-K-D-gluconate - Lactose v Melibiose - Glycerol s D-Glucuronate nd Trehalose - Raffinose + Erythritol - Nitrate - Assimilation Melezitose - Ribitol s Urease - Glucose + Soluble Starch - Galactitol - 0.1% Cycloheximide + Galactose s D-Xylose s D-Mannitol v Growth at 40 O C + Key Features: Germ tube negative yeast and sugar assimilation pattern. Antifungal Susceptibility: K. marxianus (Diekema et al. 2009, Pfaller et al. 2013, Australian National data); MIC µg/mL. No. 64 AmB 95 6 28 50 10 1 FLU 111 1 22 62 19 6 1 VORI 111 82 23 4 2 POSA 106 1 6 23 33 31 10 2 ITRA 37 5 6 12 12 2 ANID 86 1 14 37 29 4 MICA 71 4 29 42 4 1 1 CAS 106 12 70 13 5 3 2 1 5FC 21 4 8 2 1 1 3 2
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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