DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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90 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Exophiala spinifera complex a b 10 µm Exophiala spinifera (a) culture showing typical black, mucoid yeast-like growth, and (b) conidia being formed on erect, multiseptate conidiophores that are darker than the supporting hyphae, with long annellated zones. Antifungal Susceptibility: E. spinifera limited data (Australian National data); MIC µg/mL. No. 64 AmB 5 1 2 1 1 VORI 5 1 2 2 POSA 4 1 3 ITRA 5 1 4 E. spinifera data from eight isolates (Fothergill et al. 2009); MIC µg/mL. AmB Range 0.25-1; MIC 90 = 1 VORI Range 0.06-0.5; MIC 90 = 0.25 ITRA Range
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 91 The genus Exserohilum contains about 35 species and may be differentiated from the closely related genera Bipolaris and Dreschlera by forming conidia with a strongly protruding truncate hilum (i.e. exserted hilum). In Drechslera species, the hilum does not protrude; in Bipolaris species the hilum protrudes only slightly. Several species of Exserohilum have been reported as agents of phaeohyphomycosis, notably E. rostratum, E. mcginnisii and E. longirostratum. Although recent molecular studies have demonstrated that the latter two species are probable synonyms of E. rostratum (de Cunha et al. 2012b, Katragkou et al. 2014). E. rostratum was recently implicated in an outbreak of fungal meningitis associated with contaminated methylprednisolone in the United States. RG-1 organism. Exserohilum Leonard and Suggs Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) Leonard & Suggs Morphological Description: Colonies are grey to blackish-brown, suede-like to floccose in texture and have an olivaceous-black reverse. Conidia are straight, curved or slightly bent, ellipsoidal to fusiform and are formed apically through a pore (poroconidia) on a sympodially elongating geniculate conidiophore. Conidia have a strongly protruding, truncate hilum and the septum above the hilum is usually thickened and dark, with the end cells often paler than other cells, walls often finely roughed. Conidial germination is bipolar. Key Features: Dematiaceous hyphomycete producing sympodial, transverse septate, ellipsoidal to fusiform conidia with dark bands on both ends and a strongly protruding, truncate hilum. Molecular Identification: ITS and D1/D2 sequencing is recommended. References: Domsch et al. (1980), Alcorn (1983), Adam et al. (1986), McGinnis et al. (1986b), Rippon (1988), Burges et al. (1987), Dixon and Polak-Wyss (1991), de Hoog et al. (2000, 2015), de Cunha et al. (2012b), Katragkou et al. (2014). Antifungal Susceptibility: E. rostratum limited data (Australian National data); MIC µg/mL. No. 64 AmB 8 4 2 2 VORI 8 1 1 6 POSA 6 5 1 ITRA 8 4 4 E. rostratum data from 34 isolates (da Cunha et al. 2012); MIC µg/mL. AmB Range
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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