DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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88 Descriptions of Medical Fungi Exophiala jeanselmei complex Antifungal Susceptibility: E. jeanselmei limited data (Australian National data); MIC µg/mL. No. 64 AmB 9 1 3 2 2 1 VORI 9 2 2 1 1 1 2 POSA 6 1 2 2 1 ITRA 9 2 3 2 2 E. jeanselmei data from eight isolates (Fothergill et al. 2009); MIC µg/mL. AmB Range 0.125-1; MIC 90 = 1 VORI Range 0.06-0.5; MIC 90 = 0.5 ITRA Range
Descriptions of Medical Fungi 89 Exophiala spinifera complex Synonymy: Phialophora spinifera Nielsen & Conant Rhinocladiella spinifera (Nielsen & Conant) de Hoog E. spinifera has a worldwide distribution and is a recognised causative agent of mycetoma and phaeohyphomycosis in humans. Zeng et al. (2007) presented an overview of the medically important Exophiala species. Recent molecular studies have re-examined Exophiala spinifera and have recognised two species: E. spinifera and E. attenuata (Vitale and de Hoog, 2002). These two species are morphologically very similar and can best be distinguished by genetic analysis. Molecular Identification: ITS sequencing is recommended for accurate species identification (Zeng and de Hoog, 2008). Morphological Description: Conidiogenous cells are predominately annellidic and erect, multicellular conidiophores that are darker than the supporting hyphae are present. No growth at 40 O C. E. spinifera Annellated zones are long with clearly visible, frilled annellations. E. attenuata Annellated zones are inconspicuous and degenerate. RG-2 organism. Exophiala spinifera (Nielsen & Conant) McGinnis Morphological Description: Colonies are initially mucoid and yeast-like, black, becoming raised and developing tufts of aerial mycelium with age, finally becoming suede-like to downy in texture. Reverse is olivaceous-black. Conidiophores are simple or branched, erect or sub-erect, spine-like with rather thick brown pigmented walls. Conidia are formed in basipetal succession on lateral pegs either arising apically or laterally at right or acute angles from the spine-like conidiophores or from undifferentiated hyphae. Conidiogenous pegs are 1-3 µm long, slightly tapering and imperceptibly annellate. Conidia are one-celled, subhyaline, smooth, thin-walled, subglobose to ellipsoidal, 1.0-2.9 x 1.8-2.5 µm, and aggregate in clusters at the tip of each annellide. Toruloid hyphae and yeast-like cells with secondary conidia are typically present. Note: Yeast cells show the presence of capsules in India Ink stained mounts and cultures will grow on media containing 0.1% cycloheximide. No growth at 40 O C. References: de Hoog and Hermanides-Nijhof (1977), McGinnis and Padhye (1977), Domsch et al. (1980), McGinnis (1980), Nishimura and Miyaji (1983), de Hoog (1985), Matsumoto et al. (1987), Dixon and Polak-Wyss (1991), de Hoog et al. (2000, 2003, 2006, 2015).
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DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI

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