THE PRINCIPLE OF HOPE

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reckon with them. But once we have recognized them, comprehended their activity, their directions, and their effects, it merely rests with us to subject them more and
more to our will and to achieve our aims by means of them’ (Anti­Dühring, Dietz, 1948, p. 346). Equally the blind catastrophe­containing necessity in the social and
physical area is broken in both cases by mediation with the forces of production. In the former case, by human beings becoming masters of their own socialization, i.e.
mediated with themselves as the producing subject of history; in the latter case, by increasing mediation taking place with the previously obscure productive and
conditional basis of the laws of nature. And Engels vigorously stresses that both areas, and therefore also both acts of mediation with them and in them, can be
separated from one another at best in the imagination, but not in reality: existence in social freedom and that in harmony with the recognized laws of nature are
connected. To avoid the issue in a putschist, i.e. abstract way is no solution in either case; even in the fiercest counter­move and move to overhaul the Become,
changing the world lives off object­based tendency. Even chemistry, however synthetic, or radiation technology, however boldly extended, is, in so far as it is concrete,
allied with a synthetically extending element a posteriori in the world, must and will be so. The synthetically extending element a posteriori is in the dialectical legality of
nature itself, beyond its Become. With the merely superficially­legal grasp which has been developed by bourgeois natural science and its technology natural necessity is
of course not yet centrally grasped and mediated; quod erat demonstrandum. This itself external necessity is still blind and in this respect still ever more classified with
the concept of fate of primitive peoples and in myths, namely with the Moira of destiny, than with that truly recognized necessity, which is thus brought to freedom,
whereby concrete technology can have its concept and its continuing creation in nature. Only when Tyche and Moira, chance and destiny no longer form the
unsurmounted factors of a merely external natural necessity, only in this precise presence in the force of nature would technology have surmounted its catastrophic side
and its abstractness. An unparalleled hook­up is intended here, a real installation of human beings (as soon as they have been socially mediated with themselves) into
nature (as soon as technology has been mediated with nature). Transformation and self­transformation of things into goods, natura naturans and supernaturans instead
of natura dominata: this is therefore what the outlines of a better world suggest as far as concrete technology is concerned. Even assuming the earth had a heart of gold,
this heart was still by no means found to