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Autodata - Diagnostic Trouble Codes Fault locations and probable causes - 2004 edition

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Oscilloscope testing<br />

Fig. 6<br />

Fig. 7<br />

-<br />

T<br />

AD42435 F<br />

* T<br />

D<br />

AD42205<br />

Volume air flow (VAF) sensor<br />

Mass air flow (MAF) sensor<br />

Alternating current (AC) voltage signals - amplitude, frequency <strong>and</strong> shape<br />

AC voltage signals are generated by components such as:<br />

Fig. 8 Fig. 9<br />

-<br />

-<br />

I<br />

AD42120 -<br />

Knock sensor (KS)<br />

Engine speed (RPM) sensor - Inductive type

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