Database on medicinal plants used in ayurveda - AYUSH Research ...

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Publisher Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha (Deptt. of AYUSH, Min. of Health & Family Welfare), Govt. of India Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Avam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65 Institutional Area, Opp. “D” Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi – 110058. E mail: ccras@vsnl.net.in © Central Council of Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New Delhi 2007 Cover Photo: Kanchanara– Bauhinia variegata Linn. Cover page designed by Dr. Rajesh Dabur, RRI(Ay.), JNAMPGH, Pune Printer ii
FOREWARD Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of health care and medicine, has well organized materica medica in which plants form a dominant part. The green wave has affected the whole world very strongly. The closeness to the nature, the sensitivity to the cleanness of environment, the renaissance of folk medicine, the popularity of alternative healing methods inspire the use of more and more plant based preparations. The number of organizations and institutions which are involved in some aspects of research into medicinal and aromatic plants range from intergovernmental agencies to international, national and local organizations. Keeping in view present scenario, there was an urgent need to compile the series of books containing all the combined information of Ayurveda texts as well as the modern literature on the plants. This eighth volume of series presents an account of 30 species of important plants widely used in Ayurvedic formulations. A few of them are less known and under exploited, i.e. Annona squamosa and Leucas cephalotes. This book is a comprehensive volume detailing the characteristics of 30 important plant species. The documentation is exhaustive including nomenclature, botanical description, distribution, Ayurvedic properties, actions and uses, pharmacogonosy, chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological properties, therapeutic evaluations, cultivation and tissue culture. In other words this volume contains oldest medical science (Ayurveda) of world as well as modern science. The information on these plants has been obtained from various sources. The various books along with the latest journals related to the plant sciences were the main source to collect the information on the plants described in this book. All the references are up to date and provided in the text to make this volume friendlier to the readers. Collection and compilation of enormous data presented in this volume was a very painstaking job. The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS), Department of AYUSH, has rightly started compilation of “<strong>Database</strong> on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda” and 7 volumes covering 220 medicinal plants have already been published. I take great pleasure in presenting 8 th volume of this series brought out by CCRAS, under the excellent guidance of Dr. G.S. Lavekar, Director of the Council. This volume comprises 30 important medicinal plants. The guidance, encouragement and interest imparted by Dr. G.S. Lavekar and the efforts put in the team of scientists lead by Sh. K. Chandra, Assistant Director Incharge of the Regional Research Institute (Ay.) at Pune deserve all appreciation. I am confident that this volume, a prestigious expertise publication of the Department of AYUSH, would prove to be of immense utility to all who are interested in medicinal plants. New Delhi January, 2007. iii (Anita Das) Secretary Department of AYUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
Page 1: DATABASE ON MEDICINAL PLANTS USED I
Page 6 and 7: I appreciate Sh. K. Chandra, Assist
Page 8 and 9: Kola Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. 219
Page 10 and 11: Shala Shorea robusta Roxb. ex Gaert
Page 12 and 13: Swarnapatri Cassia senna Linn. 374
Page 14 and 15: Tumbini Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.)
Page 16 and 17: Methi Trigonella foenum-graecum Lin
Page 18 and 19: Nirgundi Vitex negundo Linn. 450 Pi
Page 20 and 21: Lajjalu Mimosa pudica Linn. 369 Mad
Page 22 and 23: Nimba Azadirachta indica A. Juss. 2
Page 24 and 25: ABBREVIATIONS LANGUAGES BOOKS Arab.
Page 26 and 27: AHIPHENA Papaver somniferum Linn. 2
Page 28 and 29: diabetes. An infusion of the capsul
Page 30 and 31: Powder microscopy Powdered opium mi
Page 32 and 33: TOXICOLOGY Morphine causes side eff
Page 34 and 35: Hyoscyamus niger Linn., seeds of St
Page 36 and 37: Anonymous (2000), The Ayurvedic For
Page 38 and 39: Kirtikar KR; Basu BD (1933), Indian
Page 40 and 41: Toske SG; Cooper SD; Morello DR; Ha
Page 42 and 43: Anonymous (1919), Egyptian opiums.,
Page 44 and 45: Bajpai S; Gupta AP; Gupta MM; Sharm
Page 46 and 47: Brekke OL; Mustakan GC; Hubbard JE;
Page 48 and 49: Engeike BF; Vincent PG (1979), Thin
Page 50 and 51: Helson Lawrence; Helson Christiane;
Page 52 and 53:
Kapoor LD (1973), Constitution of a
Page 54 and 55:
Lee CK; Kim HK (1970), Investigatio
Page 56 and 57:
Nesslex CL; Vonder Haar RA (1990),
Page 58 and 59:
Prajapati S; Sushil Kumar (2000-200
Page 60 and 61:
Sen AN (1995), Effect of nitrogen f
Page 62 and 63:
Singh HP; Singh SP; Singh SP; Singh
Page 64 and 65:
Stork G (1960), Papaveraceae alkalo
Page 66 and 67:
BALA BOTANICAL NAME : Sida cordifol
Page 68 and 69:
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION An annual or
Page 70 and 71:
PHARMACOGNOSY Macroscopic Root- Occ
Page 72 and 73:
Macroscopic Leaf - They are 2-3 cm
Page 74 and 75:
emarkably and 6 (7.5%), showed mode
Page 76 and 77:
Anonymous (2000b), Flora of Maharas
Page 78 and 79:
Kurup PNV; Ramadas VNK; Joshi P (19
Page 80 and 81:
Chauhan SK; Agrawal S (1999), Accel
Page 82 and 83:
Sankar MA; Nair GS; Augustin A; Sny
Page 84 and 85:
BRIHATI Solanum anguivi Lam. 60
Page 86 and 87:
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES Rasa - Katu, T
Page 88 and 89:
Total ash - Not more than 6.5%; Aci
Page 90 and 91:
Avaleha and Paka - Agastya Haritaki
Page 92 and 93:
Cooke T (1967), The Flora of The Pr
Page 94 and 95:
Ahuja BS (1965), Medicinal Plants o
Page 96 and 97:
Nair NC (1978), Flora of The Punjab
Page 98 and 99:
DRONAPUSHPI BOTANICAL NAME: Leucas
Page 100 and 101:
Flowering and Fruiting : November -
Page 102 and 103:
Microscopic Transverse section show
Page 104 and 105:
SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS Leucas
Page 106 and 107:
Singh N; Nath R; Singh DR; Gupta ML
Page 108 and 109:
Pant SC; Pandey G (1995), Leucas ce
Page 110 and 111:
GORAKSHGANJA Aerva lanata Juss. ex
Page 112 and 113:
Gunam (Pharmacological action) - Si
Page 114 and 115:
(Prasad et al., 1986; Vetrichelvan
Page 116 and 117:
Nevin KG; Vijayammal PL (2003), Eff
Page 118 and 119:
Dey D; Das MN; Sharma AK (1999), Ph
Page 120 and 121:
HAMSAPADI BOTANICAL NAME: Adiantum
Page 122 and 123:
DISTRIBUTION Throughout greater par
Page 124 and 125:
Powder microscopy Whole plant powde
Page 126 and 127:
Chatterjee A; Pakrashi SC (1994), T
Page 128 and 129:
Godbole SR; Pendse GS; Bedekar VA (
Page 130 and 131:
HAPUSHA Juniperus communis Linn. 10
Page 132 and 133:
Karma - Sangrahi (C.S.Ci.19.26), Vr
Page 134 and 135:
Seeds and fruits: Formic acid, acet
Page 136 and 137:
Other classical formulation: Hapush
Page 138 and 139:
Cavaleiro C; Pinto E; Goncalves MJ;
Page 140 and 141:
Rao VR; Gupta I (1977), A note on t
Page 142 and 143:
Bhati A (1953), Esential oil from b
Page 144 and 145:
Guerra HE; Lopez; Martinez MC; Garc
Page 146 and 147:
Mitra R (1985), Bibliography on Pha
Page 148 and 149:
Uniyal MR (1981), A preliminary stu
Page 150 and 151:
HINGU Ferula assa- foetida Linn. 12
Page 152 and 153:
Doshagnata - Kaphavatashamaka (S.S.
Page 154 and 155:
Essential oil: �-Pinene, phelland
Page 156 and 157:
TRADE AND COMMERCE Different grades
Page 158 and 159:
Brodnitz MH; Pascale JV (1971), Fla
Page 160 and 161:
Ramadan NI; Addel-Aaty HF; Abdul Ha
Page 162 and 163:
George DP (2000), Encyclopedia of M
Page 164 and 165:
Trivedi S; Nagar R; Nagar PN (1990)
Page 166 and 167:
JAYAPALA Croton tiglium Linn. 142
Page 168 and 169:
Doses : Seed powder 6-12 mg; Seed o
Page 170 and 171:
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES Plant wa
Page 172 and 173:
SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS Seeds o
Page 174 and 175:
ester-induced apoptosis in LNCaP pr
Page 176 and 177:
Van Duuren BL (1969), Tumor-promoti
Page 178 and 179:
Rao Sahib M Rama Rao (1914), Flower
Page 180 and 181:
KANCHANARA BOTANICAL NAME: Bauhinia
Page 182 and 183:
dare, Kouar. Urdu- Kachal. Konkani-
Page 184 and 185:
PHARMACOGNOSY Macroscopic Stem bark
Page 186 and 187:
eported with physical and biochemic
Page 188 and 189:
Charaka Samhita, English Translatio
Page 190 and 191:
Wassel et al. (1989), Chemical cons
Page 192 and 193:
Jain SK; DeFilipps RA (1991), Medic
Page 194 and 195:
KANKOLA BOTANICAL NAME: Piper cubeb
Page 196 and 197:
drying. Flowering and Fruiting: Sep
Page 198 and 199:
elongated cells, tegmen cells hyali
Page 200 and 201:
The essential oil from fruits has a
Page 202 and 203:
Anonymous (2000), The Ayurvedic For
Page 204 and 205:
Prabhu BR; Mulchandani NB (1985), L
Page 206 and 207:
Ozcelikay G; Asil E; Sar S; Suveren
Page 208 and 209:
KARCHURA Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.
Page 210 and 211:
Rogaghnata - Kaphavata vikara, Sand
Page 212 and 213:
procurcumenol (Hikino et al., 1968f
Page 214 and 215:
FORMULATIONS AND PREPARATIONS Avale
Page 216 and 217:
Hewage CM; Bandara KANP; Karunavath
Page 218 and 219:
Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, H
Page 220 and 221:
Hikino H; Kanno C; Takemoti T (1971
Page 222 and 223:
Sakui N; Kuroyanagi M; Ishitobi Y;
Page 224 and 225:
KASHA Saccharum spontaneum Linn. 20
Page 226 and 227:
Kshaya, Paittika Ajeerna, Raktatisa
Page 228 and 229:
Anonymous (1996), Flora of Maharash
Page 230 and 231:
Nair NC (1978), Flora of The Punjab
Page 232 and 233:
KATPHALA Myrica esculenta Buch, Ham
Page 234 and 235:
Shukrashodhana (C.S.Su.4.20), Kandu
Page 236 and 237:
0.57, 0.75 (all grey.) and 0.88 (ye
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Sharma PV (1978), Dravyaguna Vigyan
Page 242 and 243:
Singh VK; Ali ZA (1998), Herbal Dru
Page 244 and 245:
KOLA Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. 220
Page 246 and 247:
Karma - Fruit - Vatasamshamaka (S.S
Page 248 and 249:
scattered throughout rhytidoma; sec
Page 250 and 251:
sapogenins as hecogenin acid, cocog
Page 252 and 253:
2003; Wang, 1996; Xu et al., 2003,
Page 254 and 255:
Gu XF; Yang AF; Meng H; Jhang JR (2
Page 256 and 257:
Sushruta Samhita, English Translati
Page 258 and 259:
Anonymous (1997), Indian Medicinal
Page 260 and 261:
Husain A; Virmani OP; Popli SP; Mis
Page 262 and 263:
Rao Sahib M; Rama Rao (1914), Flowe
Page 264 and 265:
Yoshikawa K; Izumi M; Arihara S (19
Page 266 and 267:
MASHA Vigna mungo (Linn.) Hepper 24
Page 268 and 269:
C.S.Ci.7.7), Apasmara (C.S.Ci.10.47
Page 270 and 271:
FORMULATIONS AND PREPARATIONS Avale
Page 272 and 273:
Boby RG; Leelamma S (2003), Blackgr
Page 274 and 275:
Sushruta Samhita, English Translati
Page 276 and 277:
Chopra RN; Chopra IC; Varma BS (199
Page 278 and 279:
Ignacimuthu S; Frantlin G (2001), R
Page 280 and 281:
Madhappan K (1993), Impact of tanne
Page 282 and 283:
Rastogi RP; Mehrotra BN (1993), Com
Page 284 and 285:
Yamauchi D; Akasofu H; Minamikawa T
Page 286 and 287:
MASHAPARNI Teramnus labialis Spreng
Page 288 and 289:
Rogaghnata - Pakshaghat, Sandhivata
Page 290 and 291:
Macroscopic Fruit - Pod upto 5cm lo
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Duthie JF (1960), Flora of the Uppe
Page 296 and 297:
MURVA BOTANICAL NAME: Marsdenia ten
Page 298 and 299:
Rajmahal hills, Timor, Eastern and
Page 300 and 301:
Physical constants Total ash - Not
Page 302 and 303:
macrophylla G.�Don are used as mu
Page 304 and 305:
Qiu SX; Luo SQ; Lin LZ; Cordell GA
Page 306 and 307:
Kanjilal UN; Dasa Kanjilal PC; De R
Page 308 and 309:
PADMAKA Prunus cerasoides D.Don 284
Page 310 and 311:
C.S.Ci.3.258 ; 15.138), Prameha (Pi
Page 312 and 313:
Seed: Naringenin-5-O-�-L-rhamnopy
Page 314 and 315:
Bahuguna RP; Jangwan JS (1987), Ana
Page 316 and 317:
Anonymous (2003), The Wealth of Ind
Page 318 and 319:
PUSHKAR BOTANICAL NAME: Inula racem
Page 320 and 321:
DISTRIBUTION Found in temperate and
Page 322 and 323:
al., 1972), dihydroisoalantolactone
Page 324 and 325:
severe grades and anginal frequency
Page 326 and 327:
28, 40, 43, 46, 53; 5.6; 6.28, 31-3
Page 328 and 329:
Ravindranath KR; Raghavan R; Paknik
Page 330 and 331:
Chopra RN; Chopra IC; Handa KL; Kap
Page 332 and 333:
Singh RS (1969), Vanaushadhi Nirdes
Page 334 and 335:
SARSHAPA Brassica campestris Linn.
Page 336 and 337:
Internal - Vatahara, Pittakara, Dee
Page 338 and 339:
methylcholesta-5-trans-22-diene-3
Page 340 and 341:
Microspore culture for high-frequen
Page 342 and 343:
Baillie AMR; EPP DJ; Hutcheson D; K
Page 344 and 345:
Qiong Hu; Andersen SB; Hansen LN (1
Page 346 and 347:
John TO; Kirk Coling; Macdonal G (1
Page 348 and 349:
Singh Balwant Thakur and Chunekar K
Page 350 and 351:
SHALI Oryza sativa Linn. 326
Page 352 and 353:
Baddhapavarchasa, Chakshushya, Hrid
Page 354 and 355:
Root- Foreign matter - Not more tha
Page 356 and 357:
inhibitor (Cicero and Guddi, 2001)
Page 358 and 359:
caused by Helminthosporium, Blast d
Page 360 and 361:
colchicine treatment. Salt tolerant
Page 362 and 363:
An YR; Li XG; Su HY; Zhang XS (2004
Page 364 and 365:
Chopra RN; Nayar SL; Chopra IC (198
Page 366 and 367:
Lee SH; Shon YG; Kim CY; Chun HJ; C
Page 368 and 369:
Yamada Y; Loh WH (1984), In: Ammira
Page 370 and 371:
Chauhan JS; Nanda JS (1987), Variat
Page 372 and 373:
Heuer SM; Miezan K; Gaye G (2003),
Page 374 and 375:
McMillan HF (1993), Handbook of Tro
Page 376 and 377:
Sarla N; Mallikarjuna Swamy BP (200
Page 378 and 379:
White NDG; Jayas DS (1996), Deterio
Page 380 and 381:
SHATAHVA Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Flem
Page 382 and 383:
Karma External - Vedanasthapana, Sh
Page 384 and 385:
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Seed: Contain
Page 386 and 387:
acids, threonine, alanine, tyrosine
Page 388 and 389:
e carried out when fruits turn yell
Page 390 and 391:
Jiroretz L; Buchbauer G; Stoyanova
Page 392 and 393:
Yazdanparast R; Alavi M (2001), Ant
Page 394 and 395:
Diwakar PG; Sharma BD (2000), Flora
Page 396 and 397:
Kurup PNV (1977), Hand Book of Medi
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Vaidya B (1982), Some Controversial
Page 402 and 403:
SITAPHALA Annona squamosa Linn. 378
Page 404 and 405:
Rogaghnata - Daha, Raktapitta, Visp
Page 406 and 407:
Stomata are anomocytic and present
Page 408 and 409:
Stem: Annosquammosin A (16 �-hydr
Page 410 and 411:
Callus cultures of A. squamosa were
Page 412 and 413:
Chopra RN; Nayar SL; Chopra IC (200
Page 414 and 415:
Nair S; Shirgurkar MV; Mascarenhas
Page 416 and 417:
Araya H; Hara N; Fujimolo Y; Srivas
Page 418 and 419:
Hopp DC; Alali FQ; Gu ZM; McLaughli
Page 420 and 421:
Qureshi SA; Kapadia Z; Zahoor S (19
Page 422 and 423:
Yang TH; Chi-Ming C (1972), Structu
Page 424 and 425:
SURANA Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
Page 426 and 427:
Doshaghnata -Kapha Vata shamaka (Sh
Page 428 and 429:
Methanolic extract 250 mg/kg bw bw
Page 430 and 431:
Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, H
Page 432 and 433:
Sumathi S; Pattabiraman TN (1975),
Page 434 and 435:
SWETA MUSLI Chlorophytum tuberosum
Page 436 and 437:
PHARMACOGNOSY Macroscopic Tuberous
Page 438 and 439:
May. Land supplemented with 10-15 t
Page 440 and 441:
Shibnath Ghosal (2006), Composition
Page 442 and 443:
Varma S; Sharma RK; Shrivastava DK
Page 444 and 445:
SHVETAJEERAKA Cuminum cyminum Linn.
Page 446 and 447:
Karma - Deepana, Grahi, Medhya, Gar
Page 448 and 449:
Seed oil: Cuminaldehyde, � thujen
Page 450 and 451:
Triphala, Vasa (Adhatoda vasica), J
Page 452 and 453:
internodal segments. Best response
Page 454 and 455:
Dhandapani S; Subramanian VR; Rajag
Page 456 and 457:
Takayanagi T; Ishikawa T; Kitajima
Page 458 and 459:
Bailey LH (1949), Manual of Cultiva
Page 460 and 461:
De M; De AK; Banerjee AB (1999), Sc
Page 462 and 463:
Husain A; Virmani OP; Popli SP; Mis
Page 464 and 465:
Mandavia MK; Khan NA; Gajra HP; And
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Thyagaraja N; Hosono A (1996), Effe
Page 470 and 471:
TAGARA Valeriana jatamansi Jones. 4
Page 472 and 473:
S.S.Ka.8.47), Jwaraghna (C.S.Ci.6.2
Page 474 and 475:
al., 1962), 1-homoacevaltrate, 1-ho
Page 476 and 477:
FORMULATIONS AND PREPARATIONS Asava
Page 478 and 479:
Anonymous (2005), Edited by Khanuja
Page 480 and 481:
Kirtikar KR; Basu BD (1989), Indian
Page 482 and 483:
Wallis TE (1985), Textbook of Pharm
Page 484 and 485:
Hoelzi J; Jurcic K (1975), Valepotr
Page 486 and 487:
Singh S (1995), Seasonal variations
Page 488 and 489:
VANSHA BOTANICAL NAME : Bambusa aru
Page 490 and 491:
Burm.- Kyakatwa. Oriya- Beudobaunso
Page 492 and 493:
Jeernajwara, Kshayajajwara, Samanya
Page 494 and 495:
precocious flowering during the 6-7
Page 496 and 497:
Leslic (1978), Contribution to the
Page 498 and 499:
Singh VK; Ali ZA (1998), Herbal Dru
Page 500 and 501:
VATSANABHA Aconitum chasmanthum Sta
Page 502 and 503:
Veerya - Ushna. Doshaghnata - Trido
Page 504 and 505:
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES Plant wa
Page 506 and 507:
PROPAGATION AND CULTIVATION Plants
Page 508 and 509:
Lin CC; Chan TY; Deng JF (2004), Cl
Page 510 and 511:
Jasek JA; Klgsek A; Simgnek V; Sant
Page 512 and 513:
Venu 455 Vigandhika 104 Visha 466 4
Page 514 and 515:
Dhanurdruma 455 Dhanya 320 Dharttar
Page 516 and 517:
Kuha 216 Kuli 59 Kuli 153 Kumbhara
Page 518 and 519:
Shubha 455 Shudrabhantaki 59 Shukla
Page 520 and 521:
Aangajaha (Pers) 124 Aangoj (Pers)
Page 522 and 523:
Bariyaar (Hindi) 43 Bariyara (Hindi
Page 524 and 525:
Corava (Guj) 320 Country Mallow (En
Page 526 and 527:
Hulksha (Beng) 73 Huringmindila ta
Page 528 and 529:
Kandal (Tam) 59 Kandan (Hindi) 153
Page 530 and 531:
Kosonaru (Oriya) 153 Koto (Assam) 4
Page 532 and 533:
Nellu (Kan) 320 Nellu (Mal) 320 Nel
Page 534 and 535:
Rasnabheda (Kan) 290 Ravamuna (Arab
Page 536 and 537:
Sowa (NWP) 349 Soya (Hindi) 349 Soy
Page 538 and 539:
Vatsanabhi (Kan) 466 Vatsanabhi (Ma
Page 540 and 541:
Aadan paki 85 Agrimakhya 377 Agudha
Page 542 and 543:
Kasa 199 Kasekshu 199 Kashmir 294 K
Page 544 and 545:
Shubha 464 Shudrabhantaki 59 Shukla
Page 546 and 547:
Aangajaha (Pers) 125 Aangoj (Pers)
Page 548 and 549:
Bhor (Mar) 219 Bhui (Rajputana) 85
Page 550 and 551:
Ghans (Punj) 199 Gharsa (Pers) 294
Page 552 and 553:
Kaiphal (Urdu) 207 Kaiphala (Mar) 2
Page 554 and 555:
Koregadi (Tel) 199 Kosa (Hindi) 199
Page 556 and 557:
Padam (Kumaon) 283 Padamak (Hindi)
Page 558 and 559:
Seetaphal (Beng) 377 Seetaphal (Guj
Page 560:
Ulipe (Kan) 156 Ulundu (Tam) 241 Ul
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