MR Microinsurance_2012_03_29.indd - International Labour ...
MR Microinsurance_2012_03_29.indd - International Labour ... MR Microinsurance_2012_03_29.indd - International Labour ...
426 Insurers and microinsurance commercial insurers. A portfolio of smaller initiatives can outperform substantial investment in any single effort when aiming for innovation. – Learning and replicating: On the other hand, core processes, products and even partners provide enormous opportunity for multi-market replication. Success factors may be applied in different contexts but are likely to be implemented differently depending on local conditions. The challenges of scale, access, data scarcity, and even sales techniques are entirely common to most if not all countries and regions, giving a distinct learning advantage to an insurer able to coordinate or guide efforts across multiple markets. – Actively creating and shaping the market: Microinsurance requires an “ecosystem” around the end-client. Large insurers have the resources and the convening power to bring the different players together. When building sales channels, insurance companies must aim for active participation and co-ownership by the partner – making sure the organization understands the basic principles of the product and supports the creation of a commercially viable microinsurance market. Likewise, insurers can grow exponentially when they learn new methods from their partners. – Commitment to creating an enabling environment: Formal statements by policymakers – such as the G-20 – influence standard-setting bodies. Pro active and inclusive regulatory approaches are being developed in many emerging markets in order to support the expansion of microinsurance. The Access to Insurance Initiative, the International Association of Insurance Supervisors and international development agencies are actively working to establish an enabling environment for microinsurance. Keeping abreast of these discussions, or even engaging in them, can aid development of a more inclusive insurance sector.
20 State and market synergies: Insights from India’s microinsurance success Rupalee Ruchismita and Craig Churchill The authors wish to thank various reviewers for their comments and guidance, including K. Gopinath (IFFCO-Tokio),Thomas Mahl (Munich Re), Florian Mayr (Munich Re), Michael J. McCord (MicroInsurance Centre), Arman Oza (independent consultant), Pranav Prashad (ILO) and Markus Ruck (ILO).The paper draws from interviews with Gunaranjan (Yousee), Anuj Khumbat (WRMS), Asha Ramaswamy (SBI Life), Kumar Shailabh (Uplift), Dr. Suresh DJ (Yeshasvini), Dr. Manjunath (SKDRDP), Suresh Krishna (Grameen Koota), and the authors would like to thank them for their time. The authors recognize Kunal Gautam’s support in making available the Micro Insurance Map database. 427 India is the global leader in microinsurance innovation. The Indian context brings together a number of factors that contribute to improved risk management for low-income households by effectively governing the intersection between financial inclusion in the insurance markets and the extension of social protection to workers in the informal economy, including: – Public investment in safety nets: At 2.1 per cent of its gross domestic product (GDP), India’s share of public spending on safety nets is higher than most low- and middle-income countries (Weigand and Grosh, 2008). India’s economic growth has permitted an expansion in social protection since the mid-2000s, particularly through mass health insurance schemes. – Public-private partnerships: To support the extension of insurance coverage to populations below the poverty line (BPL), the government has contracted both public and private insurance companies to manage state-subsidized schemes. – Incentivizing through subsidies: India’s central and state Governments have subsidized some insurance products to support productive activities by lowincome households, making them more affordable, with a particular preference for agriculture and livestock. – Quota-driven innovations: Insurance companies are required by the Indian Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) to originate a percentage of their portfolio in the “rural and social sectors”. Servicing these markets required new approaches, leading to significant innovations. – Microinsurance regulations: In 2005, the IRDA promulgated the “Micro- Insurance Regulations”, which reduced the certification requirements to be a microinsurance agent and defined a microinsurance product. This facilitative regulation legalized alternative delivery channels to enable insurers to diversify their distribution methods. – Large government-owned insurers: Despite the rapid growth of private insurance companies, the market is still dominated by large public companies with a mandate and infrastructure to assist the poor.
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426 Insurers and microinsurance<br />
commercial insurers. A portfolio of smaller initiatives can outperform substantial<br />
investment in any single effort when aiming for innovation.<br />
– Learning and replicating: On the other hand, core processes, products and even<br />
partners provide enormous opportunity for multi-market replication. Success<br />
factors may be applied in different contexts but are likely to be implemented differently<br />
depending on local conditions. The challenges of scale, access, data scarcity,<br />
and even sales techniques are entirely common to most if not all countries<br />
and regions, giving a distinct learning advantage to an insurer able to coordinate<br />
or guide efforts across multiple markets.<br />
– Actively creating and shaping the market: <strong>Microinsurance</strong> requires an “ecosystem”<br />
around the end-client. Large insurers have the resources and the convening<br />
power to bring the different players together. When building sales channels,<br />
insurance companies must aim for active participation and co-ownership by the<br />
partner – making sure the organization understands the basic principles of the<br />
product and supports the creation of a commercially viable microinsurance<br />
market. Likewise, insurers can grow exponentially when they learn new methods<br />
from their partners.<br />
– Commitment to creating an enabling environment: Formal statements by<br />
policymakers – such as the G-20 – influence standard-setting bodies. Pro active<br />
and inclusive regulatory approaches are being developed in many emerging<br />
markets in order to support the expansion of microinsurance. The Access to<br />
Insurance Initiative, the <strong>International</strong> Association of Insurance Supervisors and<br />
international development agencies are actively working to establish an enabling<br />
environment for microinsurance. Keeping abreast of these discussions, or even<br />
engaging in them, can aid development of a more inclusive insurance sector.