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PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Panel Discussion Concluding Session III: Cooperation in geological disposal Panel members: Jean-Paul Minon (Chair), ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgium Ewoud Verhoef (Rapporteur), COVRA, The Netherlands Charles McCombie, ARIUS, Switzerland John Mathieson, NDA, United Kingdom Irena Mele, ARAO, Slovenia Piet Zuidema, NAGRA, Switzerland This report summarizes the outcome of session III on�cooperation in geological disposal. The session included a keynote speech by Ms Monica Hammarström, SKB, Sweden, on "Cooperation in developing geological disposal concepts – benefits and challenges". This was followed by a panel discussion based on a set of questions. The questions put forward for discussion were: � What is the situation in the EU with regards to multi-national solutions (overview)? � What is their potential regarding overcoming the perceived financial burden for small programmes? � Is technology transfer feasible? What is transferable and what are the limits of such transfers? What is the added value (national / EU)? � How can collaboration in research be enhanced in the future? How can research cooperation be optimised between national programmes of different sizes, speeds and states of advancement? Can this bring mutual benefit for both small and large programmes? Can underground laboratories, and other research facilities, be better utilised or even shared between research programmes? � In particular, how can countries collaborate effectively in RWM training programmes? � Are shared facilities realistic in the EU? � What benefits, challenges and risks are seen today for the implementation of shared facilities? What are the regulatory implications of such solutions? Introduction by the chairman This session deals with cooperation in geological disposal in general and multinational repositories in particular. There is already quite some cooperation in the field geological disposal. Many organisations and forums are in place to facilitate cooperation, think of the IAEA, the OECD-NEA and the EC. A first step towards cooperation is the collective commitment to safely manage radioactive waste, for example by signing the Joint Convention. The EC funded research in the Euratom Framework Programmes can be seen as a second step. In addition to the Framework Programmes, the EC has established different forums to facilitate cooperation: ENEF (stakeholders), HLG (regulators) and CARD proposing a Technology platform for end-users (WMOs) and research organisa- 69
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Interested in European research? Re
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD iii CONF
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“Impact of advanced fuel cycle sc
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“Sensitivity analysis techniques
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Topic: Support actions SAPIERR-II -
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CONFERENCE SUMMARIES
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supported. The Commission believes
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Ms Monika Hammarström of SKB in Sw
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Dr Bruno of Amphos 21 urged the swi
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measurements of actinides to determ
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Dr Peter Blümling of Nagra in Swit
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Future directions There seemed to b
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1. Introduction Keynote Address Pet
Page 33 and 34: tive waste management, a considerab
Page 35 and 36: the decision making process. The se
Page 37: All initiatives leading to encourag
Page 40 and 41: tegrating them as part of advanced
Page 43: General introduction and objectives
Page 47 and 48: Radioactive waste management: Where
Page 49 and 50: The intense development in nuclear
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the
Page 53 and 54: contributed to enhance knowledge ab
Page 55 and 56: the first time in French history, a
Page 57 and 58: PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Pan
Page 59: With the support of IAEA preliminar
Page 63 and 64: Assessment of Financial Provisions
Page 65 and 66: collected in the cost of the nuclea
Page 67 and 68: erated by Fortum) and one PWR unit
Page 69 and 70: pected. As to tunnel backfilling, t
Page 71 and 72: ferent, the technological solutions
Page 73 and 74: PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Pan
Page 75: Discussion: As a response to a ques
Page 79 and 80: Cooperation in the development of g
Page 81 and 82: During the 1980’s it was realized
Page 83: government on the operating license
Page 87 and 88: John Mathieson: CATT CATT stands fo
Page 89: SESSION IV: Communication of risk a
Page 92 and 93: enough' and 'how safe is safe enoug
Page 94 and 95: Communication as a scientist …
Page 96 and 97: Geological long-term stability (pla
Page 98 and 99: Independent evidence: natural analo
Page 100 and 101: Requirements for trust: overview
Page 102 and 103: Summary and conclusions � Communi
Page 104 and 105: One important element in the commun
Page 107 and 108: COMMUNITY RESEARCH in RADIOACTIVE W
Page 109 and 110: ted to support for research on RWM
Page 111 and 112: hand focuses more on the product ra
Page 113 and 114: ESDRED has the overall objective of
Page 115 and 116: most advanced partitioning processe
Page 117 and 118: esult of the important cross-cuttin
Page 119 and 120: SESSION V: Partitioning and transmu
Page 121 and 122: Summary An Overview of Partitioning
Page 123 and 124: vanced aqueous partitioning scheme
Page 125 and 126: A metallic alloy fuel with the comp
Page 127 and 128: With a salt composition correspondi
Page 129 and 130: Overview of Activities in Europe Ex
Page 131 and 132: cycling fuels do not vary significa
Page 133 and 134: Liquid Pb-Bi (LBE) is used as coola
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Figure 5: Conceptual design of EFIT
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eing irradiated in the HELIOS irrad
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In the course of the development of
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Impact of partitioning and transmut
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is generically described as Partiti
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(only U and Pu) and there are a sma
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formed where the previous study was
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Finally RED-IMPACT has made a large
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Figure 4: Spent nuclear fuel (metri
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7.3 Added value of P&T for a countr
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P&T require the development of new
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Impact of Advanced Fuel Cycle Scena
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the centre of the galleries. A bent
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3. Results 3.1 Impact of the therma
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3.3 Evaluation of the radiological
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and any related conclusions drawn f
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[9] W. von Lenza, R. Nabbi and M. R
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PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Pan
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Progress and Prospects: • Separat
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Sessions VI to VIII: Geological dis
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SESSION VI: Near-field processes Ch
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Advances in Integrating European Re
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Advances in research on vitrified h
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4.2 Advances in research related to
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Several experiments were performed
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Results obtained by NF-PRO have con
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close to values of the undisturbed
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Challenges of assessing long-term p
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3.1 Vitrified waste The simplified
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3.2 Spent fuel The release of radio
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favourable. Using more conservative
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The exposed glass surface area (cra
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Key Processes affecting the Chemica
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sure hydration of the bentonite. Af
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Figure 3: Example of results from a
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Figure 4: SEM image of the alterati
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( 22 Na + , 85 Sr 2+ , 134 Cs + ) s
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Impact of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical P
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In the safety assessment the THM(C)
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Distance from heater surface (mm) 1
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Shear-tests at increasing normal pr
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The investigations performed in NF-
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Disturbed and damaged zones around
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The evaluation of EDZ behaviour in
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a) b) c) Figure 2.2: a) Large-scale
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Another key factor controlling the
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In any case, the excavation of the
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Summary Near-Field Processes - The
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question certain assumptions, as we
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est of the pellet and whether it ca
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that in the experiments the bentoni
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8. Final remarks In relation to the
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PANEL DISCUSSSION Summary of the Pa
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Future Research on Coupled Processe
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SESSION VII: Repository technologie
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Summary ESDRED - An Integrated Euro
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A 1:1 scale pushing robot for horiz
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generation pushing robot is shown i
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3.6 Module 5 - Training and Communi
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more of these special cements to pr
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Achievements of the ESDRED project
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Figure 3.1.2 Cross section of a dis
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Handling process Lifting of the rin
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1. Bonding material: cement (CEM I
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On April 8 th 2008, the grout injec
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ing screwing motion of the auger mo
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through pressure in the saturated s
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Pressure [bar, abs.] 3,4 2,9 2,4 1,
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Results of non-intrusive monitoring
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4. Conclusions Half-way through the
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New Transport and Emplacement Techn
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Figure 2: French reference concept
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tection during the operational phas
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cask, emplacement device and boreho
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Figure 7: View of the shielding cas
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Emplacement of Heavy Canisters into
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1.2 Air Cushion Application ANDRA i
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attached to the electrical cart rad
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Polycarbonate tube Gamma gates Dumm
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track rails. Subsequently, the slid
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Application of Low pH Concrete in t
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2.1 Low-pH concrete design The conc
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Properties Table 5: Properties of b
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Field testing of low-pH formulation
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The one meter thick bentonite buffe
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4. Acknowledgements This project ha
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Summary ACTINET - A Network of Exce
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the Institute for Nuclear Waste Dis
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mental solid state physics and chem
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As a new feature, a “Stakeholder
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IP FUNMIG: The FP6 Far-Field Projec
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Fig. 1.2: FP R&D Projects with the
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is brought forward to the general s
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- Radionuclide complexation and kin
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8. Further information and key even
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Radionuclide migration in clay-rich
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cluding research institutes, labora
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diffusion experiment carried out in
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Experimental data sets, for compari
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An up-scaling methodology linking (
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indicate that Sm 3+ is present as a
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Analytical method development It wa
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ehaviour expected based on measurem
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equilibrium conditions (associated
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Laboratory and In Situ Investigatio
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esults obtained so far. Most of the
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The links between pore apertures an
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Q B Si P K - 333 Fe Figure 3: Eleme
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Colloid Recovery (%) 100 80 60 40 2
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The multirate mass transfer (MRMT)
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[15] J. Kulenkampff, M. Grundig, M.
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[48] M. Dentz, D. M. Tartakovsky, F
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Investigation of far-field processe
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comprise μ-XRF and μ-XAFS spectro
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By μ-XANES it was also shown that
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topes of carbon in DIC, DOC and SOC
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SOC degradation. These uranium(IV)
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Radionuclide Migration in the Far-F
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assumption that the radionuclides f
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o Strongly sorbing radionuclides in
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Also confirmed was the experience o
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Summary of the Panel Discussion on
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From the panel discussion several p
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might result in a slight, but poten
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SESSION VIII: Performance assessmen
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Performance Assessment Methodologie
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Third set (third project year) Bios
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one study, the compartment structur
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Although generally the maximum Cl-3
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PAMINA - The Treatment of Uncertain
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2. Uncertainties associated with th
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of characteristics for each scenari
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3.2 WP2.2 Testing Approaches for Tr
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and for independently investigating
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Sensitivity Analysis Techniques for
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2.1 Screening methods The target of
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teria to divide a sample in two or
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duce plots close to the diagonal, s
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snapshot of the PA models and SA me
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[12] Sobol, I.M. (1993). Sensitivit
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CARD - Proposed European Technology
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Direction and control based - that
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multi-national or bilateral researc
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4.4 Working methods The Strategic R
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The Vision Document should contain
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Summary of the Panel Discussion on
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Posters based on projects performed
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Partitioning and Transmutation 413
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Development of the Methods for Immo
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Figure 1 Results of DTA 1 - ITA-31;
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from 47 to 84 MPa, the modulus of e
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Near-field processes 421
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Summary TIMODAZ - Thermal Impact on
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XRCT, etc.) (figure 3). Tests inclu
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The small scale in situ test at HAD
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TIMODAZ - Lining Stability under Th
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2.2 “In situ” experiment The di
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Contact stress [MPa] 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.
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TIMODAZ - Characterisation of Rock
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4. Results A Wave 3D model was crea
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5. Acknowledgements The authors gra
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TIMODAZ - Modelling the Excavated D
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periodically performed to evaluate
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able to predict the evolution of th
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TIMODAZ - Large-Scale Heater Experi
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study the possible anisotropy, two
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Figure 4: Pore water pressure chang
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NF-PRO - Concrete Degradation and i
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3. Results 3.1 Concrete (M) log P C
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exchangeable positions of bentonite
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NF-PRO - Influence of THM-GCh Behav
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3. Results 3.1. Thermo-hydraulic pr
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midities as low as 40% in a tempera
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NF-PRO - Experimental and Modelling
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These tests have been modelled with
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A double-structure model, based on
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Summary NF-PRO - Mechanical and per
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porosity (%) 10 8 6 4 2 208/38 σ 1
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4. Conclusions Our investigations o
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Summary NF-PRO - Impact of Bedding
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Figure 1 depicts stress strain curv
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cussed. In addition, a simple coupl
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NF-PRO - Studies on Long-Term Stabi
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The Cp * (T) curve were analysed in
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The studies on alpha-doped UO2 have
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FUNMIG - Evaluation and Improvement
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Permeability (m 2 ) 1E-16 1E-17 1E-
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hollow sample inner packer central
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Far-field processes 495
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Summary FUNMIG - Research on Well-d
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2.4 Work Package 4 - Formation of s
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[22] P. Vitorge, Law of Mass Action
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FUNMIG - Real system analyses of PA
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sediment as U(IV), being associated
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[3] Cervinka R., Stamberg K., Havlo
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Training fellowships 509
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SMARAGD - The Study of Mineral Alte
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ite reflections completely disappea
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the ECW from 12.5 at the beginning
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Support actions 517
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Summary SAPIERR-II - Shared, Region
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7. Management and dissemination of
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Figure 2. Interfaces to be managed
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EC-DG TREN 525
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Improving Financing Schemes for Nuc
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The results can be summarised as fo
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European level should not be envisa
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 533
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Mr Murat K. ABDULAKHATOV V.G. Khlop
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Dr Peter BLÜMLING NAGRA - Science
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Ms Gyula DANKO Golder Associates (H
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Dr Mario Piero
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Dr Miroslav HONTY SCK-CEN Boeretang
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Mr Vladislav K
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Dipl.-Ing. Mic
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Prof. Jaroslav PACOVSKÝ Czech Tech
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Mr Alvaro RODRÍGUEZ BECEIRO ENRESA
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Mr Mats SJÖBORG Östhammars Kommun
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Mr Paolo VENTURONI ANSALDO Finmecca
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European Commission EUR 24040 Eurad
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