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sented in the accompanying poster, show a small increment in transmission velocities associated with micro-crack closure. a b Figure 11: a) Example measured waveform and P-wave amplitude ratio (calculated against a reference survey on ‘undamaged’ sandstone taken at the highest hydrostatic load) b) Waveform and amplitude ratio for the Wave 3D model that best fits the survey shown in a). Velocity (m/s) 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 0 10 20 30 Stage 40 50 60 Vp1 Vp1 model Vp2 Vp2 model Vp3 Vp3 model Vs1 Vs1 model Vs2 Vs2 model Vs3 Vs3 model Crack density 438 0.1 S1 0.09 S2 0.08 S3 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Stage a b Figure 12: a) Monitored and EMT modelled transmission velocities in the direction of the three principal stress axes during the cyclic loading of the Crosland Hill sandstone cube. b) Inverted crack densities in the three directions. Velocity change (m/s) 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 Vp (DZ) Vp model (DZ) Vs (DZ) Vs model (DZ) Excavation -40 0 0 5 10 Time (days) 15 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Excavation depth (m) Crack density 0.2205 0.2155 0.2105 0.2055 0.2005 0.1955 Crack density Excavation 0.1905 0 0 5 10 Time (days) 15 20 a b Figure 13: a) Monitored and modelled (EMT) transmission velocities through a ray path skimming the surface of SKB’s HRL deposition hole during its excavation. b) Inverted crack densities. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Excavation depth (m)
5. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge part funding for the SAFETI and OMNIBUS projects from the European Commission as part of the fifth Euratom framework programme. The TIMODAZ project is part funded by the European Commission within the sixth Euratom framework programme. References [1] Haycox, J.R. and W.S. Pettitt, (2004) Integrated Analysis of Measured and Modelled data for the OMNIBUS Project, ASC, in OMNIBUS Final Technical Report. [2] Schubnel, A., Benson, P.M., Thomson, B.D., Hazzard, J.F. and R.P. Young, Quantifying damage, saturation and anisotropy in cracked rocks by inverting elastic wave velocities. [3] Pettitt, W.S. and J.R. Haycox (2004) Acoustic emission and ultrasonic monitoring of deposition hole DA3545G01 during the excavation and heating phases, ASC, in SAFETI Final Technical Report. [4] King, M. S.,(2002). Elastic Wave Propagation in and Permeability for Rocks with Multiple Parallel Fractures, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 39, pp1033-1043. [5] Pettitt, W.S., Baker, C., Young, R.P., Dahlström, L.-O. and G. Ramqvist, (2001). The assessment of damage around critical engineering structures using induced seismicity and ultrasonic techniques. Pure Appl. Geophys ., 159, 179 – 195. [6] Kachanov, M. (1994), Elastic solids with many cracks and related problems, Adv. Appl. Mech. 30 259-445. [7] Schubnel, A. and Y. Guéguen (2003), Dispersion and anisotropy in cracked rocks. J. Geophys. Res. 108. 439
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Interested in European research? Re
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD iii CONF
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“Impact of advanced fuel cycle sc
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“Sensitivity analysis techniques
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Topic: Support actions SAPIERR-II -
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CONFERENCE SUMMARIES
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supported. The Commission believes
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Ms Monika Hammarström of SKB in Sw
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Dr Bruno of Amphos 21 urged the swi
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measurements of actinides to determ
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Dr Peter Blümling of Nagra in Swit
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Future directions There seemed to b
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1. Introduction Keynote Address Pet
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tive waste management, a considerab
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the decision making process. The se
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All initiatives leading to encourag
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tegrating them as part of advanced
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General introduction and objectives
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Radioactive waste management: Where
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The intense development in nuclear
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Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the
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contributed to enhance knowledge ab
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the first time in French history, a
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PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Pan
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With the support of IAEA preliminar
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Assessment of Financial Provisions
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collected in the cost of the nuclea
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erated by Fortum) and one PWR unit
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pected. As to tunnel backfilling, t
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ferent, the technological solutions
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Discussion: As a response to a ques
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Cooperation in the development of g
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During the 1980’s it was realized
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government on the operating license
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tions. EDRAM is another example of
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Discussion: The chairman opened the
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Communicating the safety of radioac
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Communicating the Safety of Radioac
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Geological repositories … Differe
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Geological long-term stability (pla
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Times & doses in perspective (examp
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Trust is generated (by the regulato
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4. The regulators could play a very
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Europe's nuclear industries, theref
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filled - one key example being coll
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Table 2. FP6 Integrated Projects an
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EUROTRANS focuses on the transmutat
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consensus that geological disposal
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102
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104
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significantly reduce the quantities
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Pyrochemical processes rely on refi
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Figure 3: Schematic layout of an el
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Considering pyrochemistry technolog
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agreed for support through an integ
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Table 1: Fuels irradiated in the SU
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lead cooling (see Fig. 5). Alternat
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Figure 6: Principle design characte
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Table 6: FUTURIX FTA fuels Fuel nam
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124
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After a review of the present statu
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suranium elements, “repository av
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nificant fraction of fast reactors.
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high level waste at the considered
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Pu or M.A. by the time it is needed
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of U and Pu only. P&T could complem
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suranium elements, the thermal load
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Phase-Out TRU Transmutation Scenari
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10 nuclear nations (Argentina, Braz
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elease, strong radiation, pressure
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A1 3.79E+08 270 7.12E-07 A2 3.51E+0
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nuclear fission in the reactors. Th
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5. Conclusions The HLW arising from
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152
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tinides (MA) are destined for geolo
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[3] Enrique González: Head of Nucl
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158
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160
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erage level of funding of research
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Prior to NF-PRO, the question wheth
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nant exchangeable cation. This chan
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eal concentration gradient in sampl
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access shafts, providing higher per
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172
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in the European coordinated action
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proved, with amongst others the det
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4. Discussion Tests with dissolved
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though with a slow rate. The data i
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surface. The coupling between water
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nuclear waste within the near-field
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tion of the column [2]. Moreover, t
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case, the iron diffusion front in t
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5.1 Sorption As an example of the t
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corrosion; up-scaling of clay alter
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Bentonite barriers are very importa
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To determine the impact of temperat
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in the underground laboratory in Gr
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under isothermal conditions. If the
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202
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Zones around such openings which ex
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layout of cells developed by ENPC w
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) a) e) d) f) d) e) f) c) Figure 3.
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EDZ removal by additional excavatio
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[7] Wenk H.-R., Voltolini, M., Mazu
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that provided by various national s
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system robustness, rather than as s
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Regarding diffusion studies perform
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7. EDZ characterization and evoluti
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[4] Alonso, J. et al. 2004: Bentoni
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There has been a significant change
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226
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2. Methodology ESDRED has been focu
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Figure 3: Reduced scale mock-up aft
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Figure 8: Demonstration of emplacem
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The various reports produced by the
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238
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2. Methodology In general, the work
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limitations of the selected press.
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Figure 3.2.1 Schematic representati
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which was relatively homogeneous in
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Figure 3.3.1 Emplacement of SF-Cani
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1.650 1.600 1.550 1.500 1.450 1.400
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the outlet with some pressure and f
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A experiment, using cross-hole seis
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This seal will be implemented as ri
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[6] Miehe, R., Kröhn, P., Moog, H.
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dence. For waste canister transport
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The main waste canister characteris
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placement borehole. The BSK 3 canis
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Figure 6: Sketch of the Pushing Rob
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268
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1.1 Water Cushion Application SKB (
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In the case of SKB and Posiva, the
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Deposition machine tests with load
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Figure 10: Details of electrical pu
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the very heavy weight (43 ton) of t
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is no experience in either the work
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the case of the long plug elaborate
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values measured in the percolated w
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plug the concrete was mixed manuall
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2.3 Testing of low-pH shotcrete for
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290
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energy is produced by fission of ur
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3.2. Integration 3.2.1. Pool Facili
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3.4. Education and Training Apart f
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298
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Fig. 1.1: EU Member States involved
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Fig. 1.3: Stakeholders and interest
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- Present state of scientific level
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6. Training courses Key events of t
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308
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materials, the essential aspects of
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2.1 Geological formation scale (10
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porosity outside the clay interlaye
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eduction in De with increasing prop
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well-defined profile, with the high
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Th(IV) sorption on montmorillonite
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RN migration experiments and model
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tion/organization and its Cu(II) re
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326
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ganic/organic colloids”; WP 4.5
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Figure 1: Schematic of the FEBEX dr
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within feldspars in the three grani
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Colloid Concentration (ppm) 160 140
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form. Clay colloids were detected i
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References [1] Retrock (2005). Trea
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vance on radionuclide migration. Ma
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342
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The Ruprechtov site, located in the
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Colloid Concentration / μg/l 10000
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exists as a stable mineral phase in
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pared to other sites with SOC-beari
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[3] Hauser, W. Geckeis, H., Götz,
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The science and technology group, r
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FEPCAT RTDC 1 RTDC 2 RTDC 3 Clay-ri
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A1: Transport mechanisms Diffusivit
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360
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maintaining and develop competence
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A project would be justified to det
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The main goal of RTDC-1 is to provi
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3. RTDC3 In RTD component 3 methodo
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lower depths are less saline. For t
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[3] Marivoet, J., Beuth, T., Alonso
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certainty, conducted in RTDC-1 as W
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A simplistic summary might place PA
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There are at least three non-numeri
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10-11 June 2008. The workshop was a
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Close dialogue between a regulator
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Page 408 and 409: 2.2.3 Graphical methods Let us call
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Page 416 and 417: 2. Methodology The project particip
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Page 432 and 433: materials. For attaining the stated
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Page 446 and 447: 2.1 Laboratory experiment The dispo
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Page 464 and 465: ous reasons, SCK•CEN chose to foc
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Page 476 and 477: 2. Methodology In the case of cylin
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Page 488 and 489: 2. Experimental Methodology A salt
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488
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1. Data compilation and evaluation
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Volumetric deformation [%] 20 18 16
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An overview of the test procedure w
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496
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The works performed within RTDC-1 p
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Integrated Project “Fundamental P
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502
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The Ruprechtov natural analogue sit
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esults and integrated to develop a
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508
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510
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from 12.5 to 13.5, have high ionic
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elative intensity (cps) 8000 6000 4
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516
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518
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2. SAPIERR I and II In Europe, the
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after extensive interactions have t
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eing partners if an ERDO is formall
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526
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2. Methodology Based on existing da
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external funds ensuring the indepen
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532
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534
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Mr Jozef BALAZ JAVYS, a.s. - Nuclea
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Prof. Gunnar Johan BUCKAU Forschung
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Dr Mario DIONISI APAT - Dipartiment
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Dr Paloma GÓMEZ GONZÁLEZ CIEMAT -
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Ms Aurélie JESTIN SOGEDEC Z.I. Dig
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Dr Patrick MAJERUS Ministry of Heal
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Mr Zoltán NAGY PURAM - Department
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Ms Katerina PTACKOVA European Commi
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Prof. Christian SCHRÖDER Universit
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Dr Ján TIMUL'ÁK DECOM Slovakia, s
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Dr. Eng. Shuichi YAMAMOTO Obayashi
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