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3.4. Education and Training Apart from the support of joint research projects, support of education and training represents a major step towards integration. An instrument is the annual “Actinide Summer School” that is organized alternately by CEA and ITU. While ITU covers fundamental aspects of the chemistry and physics of actinides, CEA focuses on selected applied areas. The number of participants is in the order of about 70 to 80 students. The “Theoretical User Lab School” mentioned above is another instrument that also takes place annually in spring and deals with selected topics. In analogy to joint research projects, education and training projects may be proposed. These may be seminars or courses, etc. that will be funded by ACTINET in case of a positive scientific evaluation. The first five calls for proposals resulted in 19 proposals and 10 of them were funded. The contents cover a variety of topics and reflect all research areas of ACTINET. The seminars and courses are supposed to familiarize young scientists with special aspects of actinide sciences and modern analytical or speciation methods. Again, funding is limited to the mobility of the participants, i.e. travelling, accommodation, and course registration expenses may be funded. ACTINET may also financially support conferences and seminars that contribute to the integration of European actinide research. As a rule, a positive scientific evaluation is the prerequisite. 3.5. Use and Dissemination of Knowledge The transfer and use of knowledge are of high relevance to European integration in actinide research. Results of joint research projects are published in about 135 papers and, thus, made available to the scientific community. Workshops and seminars are aimed at conveying knowledge relating to selected topics, but also at critically scrutinizing it. Course events, such as the Actinide Summer School or the ThUL School, are aimed at training young scientists. ACTINET representatives give presentations both oral and posters at relevant conferences. Close contact exists with the integrated projects under the 6 th Framework Programme, which are related to actinide sciences, such as <strong>EU</strong>ROPART, <strong>EU</strong>ROTRANS, NF-PRO or FUNMIG. All relevant information on the Network of Excellence for Actinide Sciences ACTINET on the consortium members, core institutions, pool facilities, the Theoretical User Lab, current and completed joint research projects are available on our web site http://www.actinet-network.org. Activities in the field of education and training are announced and course material, for example, presentations, are provided. 4. What’s next The first phase of ACTINET will terminate at the end of 2008. The next phase has been prepared by the members of the network, and will be supported by the European Commission as an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (ACTINET-I3). All the major features of the network will be preserved, while the new formal structure is designed to reduce the administrative burden for both the coordinator and the partners. For example the consortium will be restricted to the major organisations providing most of the support to the network (pooled facilities). 296
As a new feature, a “Stakeholder Group” will be introduced with representative of the industry, the waste management organisations and NGO’s. The ”Stakeholder Group” will provide their views on what are the major relevant challenges, and will actively support specific activities within the network. 5. Acknowledgments This project has been co-funded by the European Commission and performed as part of the 6 th Euratom Framework Programme for nuclear research and training activities (2002-2006) under contract ACTINET-6 FI6W-CT-2004-508836. 297
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Interested in European research? Re
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD iii CONF
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“Impact of advanced fuel cycle sc
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“Sensitivity analysis techniques
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Topic: Support actions SAPIERR-II -
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CONFERENCE SUMMARIES
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supported. The Commission believes
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Ms Monika Hammarström of SKB in Sw
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Dr Bruno of Amphos 21 urged the swi
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measurements of actinides to determ
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Dr Peter Blümling of Nagra in Swit
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Future directions There seemed to b
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1. Introduction Keynote Address Pet
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tive waste management, a considerab
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the decision making process. The se
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All initiatives leading to encourag
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tegrating them as part of advanced
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General introduction and objectives
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Radioactive waste management: Where
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The intense development in nuclear
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Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the
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contributed to enhance knowledge ab
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the first time in French history, a
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PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Pan
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With the support of IAEA preliminar
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Assessment of Financial Provisions
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collected in the cost of the nuclea
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erated by Fortum) and one PWR unit
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pected. As to tunnel backfilling, t
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ferent, the technological solutions
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Discussion: As a response to a ques
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Cooperation in the development of g
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During the 1980’s it was realized
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government on the operating license
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tions. EDRAM is another example of
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Discussion: The chairman opened the
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Communicating the safety of radioac
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Communicating the Safety of Radioac
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Geological repositories … Differe
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Geological long-term stability (pla
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Times & doses in perspective (examp
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Trust is generated (by the regulato
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4. The regulators could play a very
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Europe's nuclear industries, theref
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filled - one key example being coll
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Table 2. FP6 Integrated Projects an
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EUROTRANS focuses on the transmutat
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consensus that geological disposal
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102
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104
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significantly reduce the quantities
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Pyrochemical processes rely on refi
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Figure 3: Schematic layout of an el
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Considering pyrochemistry technolog
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agreed for support through an integ
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Table 1: Fuels irradiated in the SU
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lead cooling (see Fig. 5). Alternat
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Figure 6: Principle design characte
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Table 6: FUTURIX FTA fuels Fuel nam
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124
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After a review of the present statu
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suranium elements, “repository av
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nificant fraction of fast reactors.
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high level waste at the considered
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Pu or M.A. by the time it is needed
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of U and Pu only. P&T could complem
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suranium elements, the thermal load
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Phase-Out TRU Transmutation Scenari
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10 nuclear nations (Argentina, Braz
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elease, strong radiation, pressure
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A1 3.79E+08 270 7.12E-07 A2 3.51E+0
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nuclear fission in the reactors. Th
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5. Conclusions The HLW arising from
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152
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tinides (MA) are destined for geolo
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[3] Enrique González: Head of Nucl
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158
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160
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erage level of funding of research
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Prior to NF-PRO, the question wheth
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nant exchangeable cation. This chan
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eal concentration gradient in sampl
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access shafts, providing higher per
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172
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in the European coordinated action
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proved, with amongst others the det
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4. Discussion Tests with dissolved
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though with a slow rate. The data i
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surface. The coupling between water
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nuclear waste within the near-field
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tion of the column [2]. Moreover, t
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case, the iron diffusion front in t
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5.1 Sorption As an example of the t
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corrosion; up-scaling of clay alter
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Bentonite barriers are very importa
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To determine the impact of temperat
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in the underground laboratory in Gr
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under isothermal conditions. If the
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202
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Zones around such openings which ex
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layout of cells developed by ENPC w
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) a) e) d) f) d) e) f) c) Figure 3.
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EDZ removal by additional excavatio
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[7] Wenk H.-R., Voltolini, M., Mazu
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that provided by various national s
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system robustness, rather than as s
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Regarding diffusion studies perform
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7. EDZ characterization and evoluti
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[4] Alonso, J. et al. 2004: Bentoni
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There has been a significant change
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226
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228
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2. Methodology ESDRED has been focu
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Figure 3: Reduced scale mock-up aft
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Figure 8: Demonstration of emplacem
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The various reports produced by the
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238
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2. Methodology In general, the work
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limitations of the selected press.
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Figure 3.2.1 Schematic representati
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Page 264 and 265: Figure 3.3.1 Emplacement of SF-Cani
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Page 270 and 271: A experiment, using cross-hole seis
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Page 274 and 275: [6] Miehe, R., Kröhn, P., Moog, H.
Page 276 and 277: dence. For waste canister transport
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Page 282 and 283: Figure 6: Sketch of the Pushing Rob
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Page 286 and 287: 1.1 Water Cushion Application SKB (
Page 288 and 289: In the case of SKB and Posiva, the
Page 290 and 291: Deposition machine tests with load
Page 292 and 293: Figure 10: Details of electrical pu
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Page 304 and 305: 2.3 Testing of low-pH shotcrete for
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Page 308 and 309: energy is produced by fission of ur
Page 310 and 311: 3.2. Integration 3.2.1. Pool Facili
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Page 316 and 317: Fig. 1.1: EU Member States involved
Page 318 and 319: Fig. 1.3: Stakeholders and interest
Page 320 and 321: - Present state of scientific level
Page 322 and 323: 6. Training courses Key events of t
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Page 326 and 327: materials, the essential aspects of
Page 328 and 329: 2.1 Geological formation scale (10
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Page 344 and 345: ganic/organic colloids”; WP 4.5
Page 346 and 347: Figure 1: Schematic of the FEBEX dr
Page 348 and 349: within feldspars in the three grani
Page 350 and 351: Colloid Concentration (ppm) 160 140
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Page 354 and 355: References [1] Retrock (2005). Trea
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Page 360 and 361: The Ruprechtov site, located in the
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Colloid Concentration / μg/l 10000
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exists as a stable mineral phase in
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pared to other sites with SOC-beari
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[3] Hauser, W. Geckeis, H., Götz,
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The science and technology group, r
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FEPCAT RTDC 1 RTDC 2 RTDC 3 Clay-ri
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A1: Transport mechanisms Diffusivit
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360
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maintaining and develop competence
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A project would be justified to det
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366
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The main goal of RTDC-1 is to provi
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3. RTDC3 In RTD component 3 methodo
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lower depths are less saline. For t
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[3] Marivoet, J., Beuth, T., Alonso
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certainty, conducted in RTDC-1 as W
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A simplistic summary might place PA
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There are at least three non-numeri
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10-11 June 2008. The workshop was a
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Close dialogue between a regulator
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ony, interactions, etc., and to che
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specific sampling strategy, with th
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2.2.3 Graphical methods Let us call
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3. The sensitivity analysis benchma
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4. Discussion and conclusions Three
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398
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2. Methodology The project particip
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Closely related to this proposal on
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4.3 Structure The TP structure must
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4.5 Implementation It is proposed t
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5.1 The CARD Project has shown that
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� What steps should be taken to m
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412
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414
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materials. For attaining the stated
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the bottom of the heated press-mold
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420
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422
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focuses on the study of the combine
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emitting radioactive waste to study
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428
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2.1 Laboratory experiment The dispo
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3. Results 3.1 Laboratory experimen
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Barrier. Clays in Natural & Enginee
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2. Experimental data 2.1 Laboratory
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sented in the accompanying poster,
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440
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situ stress to model the gallery ex
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tive crack network, oriented along
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446
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ous reasons, SCK•CEN chose to foc
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lery, are already monitoring temper
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[1] Bernier F., Li X.L., Weetjens E
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Concrete The cement used is an Ordi
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Brucite Ettringite 10 �m 8 �m F
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458
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2. Methodology In the case of cylin
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cell dismantled after 6 months, roo
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[3] G.E. Gdowski, Humid Air Corrosi
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crucial to predict the hydration ra
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load is higher, since the load appl
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[4] Gens, A. & Alonso, E. 1992. A f
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2. Experimental Methodology A salt
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proof of healing in salt rocks. It
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476
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obtained experimental results [1].
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dependent shear strength softening
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482
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elease falls typically between 1 an
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Figure 3: Left: Spent fuel surface
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488
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1. Data compilation and evaluation
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Volumetric deformation [%] 20 18 16
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An overview of the test procedure w
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496
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The works performed within RTDC-1 p
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Integrated Project “Fundamental P
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502
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The Ruprechtov natural analogue sit
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esults and integrated to develop a
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508
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510
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from 12.5 to 13.5, have high ionic
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elative intensity (cps) 8000 6000 4
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516
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518
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2. SAPIERR I and II In Europe, the
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after extensive interactions have t
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eing partners if an ERDO is formall
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526
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2. Methodology Based on existing da
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external funds ensuring the indepen
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532
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534
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Mr Jozef BALAZ JAVYS, a.s. - Nuclea
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Prof. Gunnar Johan BUCKAU Forschung
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Dr Mario DIONISI APAT - Dipartiment
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Dr Paloma GÓMEZ GONZÁLEZ CIEMAT -
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Ms Aurélie JESTIN SOGEDEC Z.I. Dig
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Dr Patrick MAJERUS Ministry of Heal
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Mr Zoltán NAGY PURAM - Department
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Ms Katerina PTACKOVA European Commi
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Prof. Christian SCHRÖDER Universit
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Dr Ján TIMUL'ÁK DECOM Slovakia, s
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Dr. Eng. Shuichi YAMAMOTO Obayashi
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