Euradwaste '08 - EU Bookshop - Europa
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Table 1: Fuels irradiated in the SUPERFACT experiment Fuel Linear power (BOL) Linear power (EOL) Burn up (W.cm -1 ) (W.cm -1 ) (at %) 380 325 6,4 (U0,74Pu0,24Am0,02)O1,95 7 (U0,74Pu0,24Np0,02)O1,973 380 325 6,4 (U0,55Np0,45)O1,996 206 283 4,5 (U0,6,Np0,2Am0,2)O1,926 174 273 4,5 The non-destructive examination of the irradiated pins showed a good in-pile behaviour, with much commonalities between the SUPERFACT and standard MOX pins. The central hole about 1 mm in diameter was found in the homogeneous pins (see Figure 3), but was not observed for the heterogeneous pins, where the linear power was lower. The latter high MA content pins exhibited higher fuel swelling (column length, cladding diameter). Helium release was 4 times higher for the homogeneous fuels than for standard MOX, and 40 times greater for the pins with high MA content. Transmutation rates were of the order of 30% in all fuel types, being marginally higher for the homogeneous modes. Figure 3: Ceramograph of an irradiated SUPERFACT fuel pellet 2.3 The Integrated Project (IP) EUROTRANS [4] The strategic objective of the EUROTRANS project is the stepwise approach towards the achievement of a European Transmutation Demonstration (ETD). A major step in this project is the advanced design of an approximately 50 to 100 MWth eXperimental facility to demonstrate the technical feasibility of Transmutation in an Accelerator Driven System (XT-ADS) in a short term, i.e. in about 10 years. In parallel a generic conceptual plant design with a power of several 100 MWth of a modular European Facility for Industrial Transmutation (EFIT) will be developed for a potential realisation in the long-term. The project is structured (see Fig. 4) such that all aspects necessary for the realisation of the projects objectives are covered by R&D activities. The major objectives of the six Domains are: DM0 Management: Management of the IP by the IP Co-ordinator, supported by the Project Office at FZK DM1 DESIGN: An advanced design file is being developed for a short-term experimental demonstration of the technical feasibility of Transmutation in an Accelerator Driven System (XT-ADS). 116
Liquid Pb-Bi (LBE) is used as coolant and for the spallation target. The core is designed with standard MOX fuel to be loaded with a few minor actinide (MA) fuel assemblies. In parallel, a reference design for a modular European Facility for Industrial Transmutation (EFIT) is carried out with a power of up to several 100 MWth, as a basis for a cost estimate and safety studies for an ADSbased transmutation system. For the EFIT, liquid Pb is used both for the coolant and the spallation material. A back-up gas cooling option for EFIT will be studied with an inert matrix based MA core fuel. DM2 ECATS: With a view to assisting the design of XT-ADS and EFIT, validation experiments on the coupling of an accelerator, a spallation target and a sub-critical blanket are performed. These experiments concentrate on the GUINEVERE programme at the SCK/CEN site in Mol and experiments in the YALINA facility in Byelorussia. Both are essentially fast sub-critical zero power facilities driven by a continuous wave deuteron beam. DM3 AFTRA: Design, development and qualification in representative conditions of a U-free fuel concept for the EFIT is performed while ranking of different fuel concepts such as oxide composites: (Pu, MA, Zr)O2 or CERCER (Pu, MA)O2+MgO or CERMET (Pu, MA)O2 + Mo according to their main out-of-pile properties, their in-pile behaviour and their predicted behaviour in normal and transient operating conditions, and their safety performance in accidental conditions. DM4 DEMETRA: Heavy Liquid Metal (HLM) technologies and thermal-hydraulics for application in ADS, and in particular to XT-ADS and EFIT, are improved and assessed. Reference structural materials are characterised in representative conditions (with and without irradiation environment) in order to provide the data base needed for design purposes (e.g. fuel cladding, in-vessel components, primary vessel, instrumentation, target container, beam window). DM5 NUDATRA: Simulation tools for neutron physics characterisation of ADS transmuter cores are improved and assessed, including application to shielding designs and the associated fuel cycle. The activity is essentially focussed on the evaluated nuclear data libraries and reaction models for materials in transmutation fuels, coolants, spallation targets, internal structures, reactor and accelerator shielding. DM0 Management Project Office DM3 AFTRA Fuels DM1 DESIGN ETD Design IP Co-ordinator DM4 DEMETRA HLM Technologies Figure 4: Organisation of the EUROTRANS project in six Domains The characteristics of both plant designs investigated are listed in Table 2. It can be seen that XT- ADS represents an advanced design which takes advantage of the significant amount of work already performed at SCK/CEN Mol, Belgium within the MYRRHA project. In contrast EFIT is to be seen as a conceptual study on the potential design features of an industrial scale transmuter with 117 DM2 ECATS Coupling Experiments EC DM5 NUDATRA Nuclear Data
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Table 1: Fuels irradiated in the SUPERFACT experiment<br />
Fuel Linear power (BOL) Linear power (EOL) Burn up<br />
(W.cm -1 ) (W.cm -1 ) (at %)<br />
380 325 6,4<br />
(U0,74Pu0,24Am0,02)O1,95<br />
7<br />
(U0,74Pu0,24Np0,02)O1,973 380 325 6,4<br />
(U0,55Np0,45)O1,996 206 283 4,5<br />
(U0,6,Np0,2Am0,2)O1,926 174 273 4,5<br />
The non-destructive examination of the irradiated pins showed a good in-pile behaviour, with much<br />
commonalities between the SUPERFACT and standard MOX pins. The central hole about 1 mm in<br />
diameter was found in the homogeneous pins (see Figure 3), but was not observed for the heterogeneous<br />
pins, where the linear power was lower. The latter high MA content pins exhibited higher<br />
fuel swelling (column length, cladding diameter). Helium release was 4 times higher for the homogeneous<br />
fuels than for standard MOX, and 40 times greater for the pins with high MA content.<br />
Transmutation rates were of the order of 30% in all fuel types, being marginally higher for the homogeneous<br />
modes.<br />
Figure 3: Ceramograph of an irradiated SUPERFACT fuel pellet<br />
2.3 The Integrated Project (IP) <strong>EU</strong>ROTRANS [4]<br />
The strategic objective of the <strong>EU</strong>ROTRANS project is the stepwise approach towards the achievement<br />
of a European Transmutation Demonstration (ETD). A major step in this project is the advanced<br />
design of an approximately 50 to 100 MWth eXperimental facility to demonstrate the technical<br />
feasibility of Transmutation in an Accelerator Driven System (XT-ADS) in a short term, i.e. in<br />
about 10 years. In parallel a generic conceptual plant design with a power of several 100 MWth of a<br />
modular European Facility for Industrial Transmutation (EFIT) will be developed for a potential<br />
realisation in the long-term. The project is structured (see Fig. 4) such that all aspects necessary for<br />
the realisation of the projects objectives are covered by R&D activities.<br />
The major objectives of the six Domains are:<br />
DM0 Management: Management of the IP by the IP Co-ordinator, supported by the Project Office<br />
at FZK<br />
DM1 DESIGN: An advanced design file is being developed for a short-term experimental demonstration<br />
of the technical feasibility of Transmutation in an Accelerator Driven System (XT-ADS).<br />
116
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