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Summary and conclusions � Communication is essential for progress with repositories � Communication takes places ‘everywhere & always’ and uses a broad spectrum of communication channels (incl. ‘behavior’) � The different groups (implementer, regulator, policy maker) have their distinct roles & responsibilities – also in their communication - providing scientifically sound projects - providing suitable criteria & guidance, performing independent & balanced reviews - Ensuring a proper process, interacting with all the interest groups � International organizations are important through their work & platforms, e.g.: - to help harmonize the regulatory framework & corresponding messages - to ensure proper interaction with scientific community (sound science) � Trust and confidence will only be achieved [& maintained] if all parties keep to their roles and take their responsibility (and are careful in their communication) 19 Zu/201008 CEC_Communication_Zuidema_201008 86 Thank you!
PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Panel Discussion Concluding Session IV: Communication of risk and uncertainty Panel members: Claudio Pescatore (Chair), OECD/NEA Mario Dionisi (Rapporteur), APAT, Italy Daniel Galson, Galson Sciences Ltd, United Kingdom Kaj Nilsson, Oskarshamn Municipalità, Sweden Klaus-Jürgen Röhlig, Technische Univ. Clausthal, Germany Nadia Zeleznik, ARAO, Slovenia This report summarizes the outcome of session IV on communication of risk and uncertainty. The session included a keynote speech by Dr Piet Zuidema, NAGRA, Switzerland, on "Communicating safety of radioactive waste disposal – the perspective of a person responsible for science and technology". This was followed by a panel discussion based on a set of questions. The questions put forward for discussion were: � How to communicate risk and uncertainties to a non-technical audience? � What are the needs and expectations of citizens in this respect?. � What role can natural and man-made analogues play? � What level of technical detail is required? � What is the role of and experiences with Peer Reviews? � Is harmonisation necessary to reach public acceptance? What has to be harmonised (safety criteria, dose limits, PA methodologies, timescale for deterministic calculations)? � What is the key to enable the public to accept residual risks and uncertainties? � Do we need better communication on geological disposal at the national/<strong>EU</strong> level? Future development and implementation of geological repositories is strongly affected by the general consensus and public acceptance. The objective of the Session IV was to explore and debate means and approaches to manage the different aspect of communicating the safety of geological repositories. After a short address given by the Chairman, the session began with the keynote speech. The presentation focussed on the different aspects of communication and particularly on the role and responsibilities of the different actors involved, such as policy makers, regulators, industry and public in the process of achieving trust and confidence. Besides the challenges that geological disposal presents, such as for instance the demonstration of safety over the involved long timeframes, there are also some opportunities in this kind of concept, such as: inherently favourable phenomena (decay, geochemical behaviour, geological stability, natural analogues ….). 87
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Interested in European research? Re
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD iii CONF
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“Impact of advanced fuel cycle sc
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“Sensitivity analysis techniques
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Topic: Support actions SAPIERR-II -
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CONFERENCE SUMMARIES
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supported. The Commission believes
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Ms Monika Hammarström of SKB in Sw
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Dr Bruno of Amphos 21 urged the swi
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measurements of actinides to determ
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Dr Peter Blümling of Nagra in Swit
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Future directions There seemed to b
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1. Introduction Keynote Address Pet
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tive waste management, a considerab
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the decision making process. The se
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All initiatives leading to encourag
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tegrating them as part of advanced
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General introduction and objectives
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Radioactive waste management: Where
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The intense development in nuclear
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the
Page 53 and 54: contributed to enhance knowledge ab
Page 55 and 56: the first time in French history, a
Page 57 and 58: PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Pan
Page 59: With the support of IAEA preliminar
Page 63 and 64: Assessment of Financial Provisions
Page 65 and 66: collected in the cost of the nuclea
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Page 69 and 70: pected. As to tunnel backfilling, t
Page 71 and 72: ferent, the technological solutions
Page 73 and 74: PANEL DISCUSSION Summary of the Pan
Page 75: Discussion: As a response to a ques
Page 79 and 80: Cooperation in the development of g
Page 81 and 82: During the 1980’s it was realized
Page 83: government on the operating license
Page 86 and 87: tions. EDRAM is another example of
Page 88 and 89: Discussion: The chairman opened the
Page 91 and 92: Communicating the safety of radioac
Page 93 and 94: Communicating the Safety of Radioac
Page 95 and 96: Geological repositories … Differe
Page 97 and 98: Geological long-term stability (pla
Page 99 and 100: Times & doses in perspective (examp
Page 101: Trust is generated (by the regulato
Page 105: 4. The regulators could play a very
Page 108 and 109: Europe's nuclear industries, theref
Page 110 and 111: filled - one key example being coll
Page 112 and 113: Table 2. FP6 Integrated Projects an
Page 114 and 115: EUROTRANS focuses on the transmutat
Page 116 and 117: consensus that geological disposal
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Page 122 and 123: significantly reduce the quantities
Page 124 and 125: Pyrochemical processes rely on refi
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3: Schematic layout of an el
Page 128 and 129: Considering pyrochemistry technolog
Page 130 and 131: agreed for support through an integ
Page 132 and 133: Table 1: Fuels irradiated in the SU
Page 134 and 135: lead cooling (see Fig. 5). Alternat
Page 136 and 137: Figure 6: Principle design characte
Page 138 and 139: Table 6: FUTURIX FTA fuels Fuel nam
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Page 142 and 143: After a review of the present statu
Page 144 and 145: suranium elements, “repository av
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Page 148 and 149: high level waste at the considered
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of U and Pu only. P&T could complem
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suranium elements, the thermal load
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Phase-Out TRU Transmutation Scenari
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10 nuclear nations (Argentina, Braz
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elease, strong radiation, pressure
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A1 3.79E+08 270 7.12E-07 A2 3.51E+0
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nuclear fission in the reactors. Th
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5. Conclusions The HLW arising from
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152
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tinides (MA) are destined for geolo
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[3] Enrique González: Head of Nucl
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erage level of funding of research
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Prior to NF-PRO, the question wheth
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nant exchangeable cation. This chan
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eal concentration gradient in sampl
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access shafts, providing higher per
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172
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in the European coordinated action
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proved, with amongst others the det
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4. Discussion Tests with dissolved
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though with a slow rate. The data i
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surface. The coupling between water
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nuclear waste within the near-field
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tion of the column [2]. Moreover, t
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case, the iron diffusion front in t
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5.1 Sorption As an example of the t
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corrosion; up-scaling of clay alter
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Bentonite barriers are very importa
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To determine the impact of temperat
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in the underground laboratory in Gr
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under isothermal conditions. If the
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202
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Zones around such openings which ex
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layout of cells developed by ENPC w
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) a) e) d) f) d) e) f) c) Figure 3.
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EDZ removal by additional excavatio
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[7] Wenk H.-R., Voltolini, M., Mazu
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that provided by various national s
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system robustness, rather than as s
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Regarding diffusion studies perform
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7. EDZ characterization and evoluti
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[4] Alonso, J. et al. 2004: Bentoni
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There has been a significant change
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226
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228
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2. Methodology ESDRED has been focu
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Figure 3: Reduced scale mock-up aft
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Figure 8: Demonstration of emplacem
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The various reports produced by the
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238
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2. Methodology In general, the work
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limitations of the selected press.
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Figure 3.2.1 Schematic representati
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which was relatively homogeneous in
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Figure 3.3.1 Emplacement of SF-Cani
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1.650 1.600 1.550 1.500 1.450 1.400
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the outlet with some pressure and f
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A experiment, using cross-hole seis
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This seal will be implemented as ri
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[6] Miehe, R., Kröhn, P., Moog, H.
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dence. For waste canister transport
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The main waste canister characteris
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placement borehole. The BSK 3 canis
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Figure 6: Sketch of the Pushing Rob
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268
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1.1 Water Cushion Application SKB (
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In the case of SKB and Posiva, the
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Deposition machine tests with load
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Figure 10: Details of electrical pu
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the very heavy weight (43 ton) of t
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is no experience in either the work
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the case of the long plug elaborate
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values measured in the percolated w
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plug the concrete was mixed manuall
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2.3 Testing of low-pH shotcrete for
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290
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energy is produced by fission of ur
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3.2. Integration 3.2.1. Pool Facili
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3.4. Education and Training Apart f
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298
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Fig. 1.1: EU Member States involved
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Fig. 1.3: Stakeholders and interest
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- Present state of scientific level
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6. Training courses Key events of t
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materials, the essential aspects of
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2.1 Geological formation scale (10
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porosity outside the clay interlaye
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eduction in De with increasing prop
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well-defined profile, with the high
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Th(IV) sorption on montmorillonite
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RN migration experiments and model
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tion/organization and its Cu(II) re
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326
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ganic/organic colloids”; WP 4.5
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Figure 1: Schematic of the FEBEX dr
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within feldspars in the three grani
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Colloid Concentration (ppm) 160 140
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form. Clay colloids were detected i
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References [1] Retrock (2005). Trea
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vance on radionuclide migration. Ma
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342
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The Ruprechtov site, located in the
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Colloid Concentration / μg/l 10000
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exists as a stable mineral phase in
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pared to other sites with SOC-beari
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[3] Hauser, W. Geckeis, H., Götz,
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The science and technology group, r
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FEPCAT RTDC 1 RTDC 2 RTDC 3 Clay-ri
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A1: Transport mechanisms Diffusivit
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maintaining and develop competence
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A project would be justified to det
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The main goal of RTDC-1 is to provi
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3. RTDC3 In RTD component 3 methodo
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lower depths are less saline. For t
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[3] Marivoet, J., Beuth, T., Alonso
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certainty, conducted in RTDC-1 as W
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A simplistic summary might place PA
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There are at least three non-numeri
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10-11 June 2008. The workshop was a
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Close dialogue between a regulator
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ony, interactions, etc., and to che
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specific sampling strategy, with th
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2.2.3 Graphical methods Let us call
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3. The sensitivity analysis benchma
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4. Discussion and conclusions Three
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398
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2. Methodology The project particip
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Closely related to this proposal on
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4.3 Structure The TP structure must
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4.5 Implementation It is proposed t
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5.1 The CARD Project has shown that
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� What steps should be taken to m
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412
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414
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materials. For attaining the stated
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the bottom of the heated press-mold
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420
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422
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focuses on the study of the combine
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emitting radioactive waste to study
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428
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2.1 Laboratory experiment The dispo
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3. Results 3.1 Laboratory experimen
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Barrier. Clays in Natural & Enginee
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2. Experimental data 2.1 Laboratory
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sented in the accompanying poster,
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440
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situ stress to model the gallery ex
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tive crack network, oriented along
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446
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ous reasons, SCK•CEN chose to foc
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lery, are already monitoring temper
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[1] Bernier F., Li X.L., Weetjens E
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Concrete The cement used is an Ordi
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Brucite Ettringite 10 �m 8 �m F
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458
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2. Methodology In the case of cylin
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cell dismantled after 6 months, roo
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[3] G.E. Gdowski, Humid Air Corrosi
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crucial to predict the hydration ra
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load is higher, since the load appl
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[4] Gens, A. & Alonso, E. 1992. A f
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2. Experimental Methodology A salt
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proof of healing in salt rocks. It
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476
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obtained experimental results [1].
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dependent shear strength softening
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482
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elease falls typically between 1 an
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Figure 3: Left: Spent fuel surface
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488
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1. Data compilation and evaluation
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Volumetric deformation [%] 20 18 16
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An overview of the test procedure w
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496
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The works performed within RTDC-1 p
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Integrated Project “Fundamental P
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502
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The Ruprechtov natural analogue sit
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esults and integrated to develop a
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508
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510
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from 12.5 to 13.5, have high ionic
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elative intensity (cps) 8000 6000 4
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516
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518
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2. SAPIERR I and II In Europe, the
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after extensive interactions have t
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eing partners if an ERDO is formall
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526
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2. Methodology Based on existing da
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external funds ensuring the indepen
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532
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534
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Mr Jozef BALAZ JAVYS, a.s. - Nuclea
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Prof. Gunnar Johan BUCKAU Forschung
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Dr Mario DIONISI APAT - Dipartiment
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Dr Paloma GÓMEZ GONZÁLEZ CIEMAT -
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Ms Aurélie JESTIN SOGEDEC Z.I. Dig
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Dr Patrick MAJERUS Ministry of Heal
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Mr Zoltán NAGY PURAM - Department
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Ms Katerina PTACKOVA European Commi
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Prof. Christian SCHRÖDER Universit
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Dr Ján TIMUL'ÁK DECOM Slovakia, s
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Dr. Eng. Shuichi YAMAMOTO Obayashi
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