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03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR ENERGY ACCESS DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY Figure 28. Market Penetration of DRE Systems in Selected Countries Solar Lighting Systems Solar Home Systems (SHS) Biogas Installations Mexico Peru Kenya Tanzania Bangladesh Nepal Solar Lighting Systems Clean Cook Stoves 10% of households that cook with biomass use clean cook stoves About 30% of households that cook with biomass use clean cook stoves At least 1.2 million households use clean cook stoves At least 1.3 million households use clean cook stoves More than 15% of households use clean cook stoves Solar Home Systems (SHS) Micro-Hydro Systems Solar Lighting Solar Systems Lighting Systems Biogas Installations Solar Home Systems Solar Home (SHS) Systems (SHS) Clean Cook Stoves Residential and commercial small-scale SHS markets represent 80% of total solar PV installed In 2015, a government contract was awarded for the installation of 500,000 SHS 15-20% of households use off-grid solar lighting systems More than 300,000 SHS installed and 30,000 SHS sold annually About 530,000 pico-solar products were sold during 2014–2015 under Lighting Global 10% of population is served by SHS Source: See endnote 18 for this chapter. Biogas Installations Biogas Installations Micro-Hydro Systems 20% of population served by microhydropower 90 Clean Cook Clean Stoves Cook Countries presented were selected based on the availability of reliable data and do not necessarily represent the most developed DRE markets.
India Tanzania Kenya Ethiopia 661,630 790,038 764,900 Uganda Figure 29. Number 84,352 of Solar Lighting Systems in Top Five Countries, End-2014 960,000 Tanzania Bangladesh Kenya India Ethiopia China Uganda Nepal 790,038 3,600,000 1,100,000 764,900 500,000 661,630 84,352 500,000 Kenya Figure 30. Number 320,000 of Solar Home Systems in Top Five Countries, End-2014 India Bangladesh Tanzania India Kenya China Ethiopia Nepal Uganda Kenya Solar Lighting Systems Solar Home Systems 500,000 84,352 500,000 320,000 1,100,000 Figure 31. Number of Biogas Installations in Top Five Countries, End-2014 Solar Home Systems 661,630 790,038 3,600,000 764,900 960,000 Source: See endnote 22 for this chapter. Bangladesh India China China India Nepal Kenya Vietnam Solar Home Systems Biogas Installations 500,000 300,000 500,000 182,805 320,000 1,100,000 3,600,000 43,000,000 4,750,000 Bangladesh 37,059 Figure 32. Number of Installed Clean Cook Stoves in Top Five Countries, 2012–2014 Biogas Installations Source: See endnote 27 for this chapter. Bangladesh Biogas Installations 3,600,000 China Clean Cook Stoves 43,000,000 China India 1,100,000 43,000,000 India China 4,750,000 12,989,744 India China 500,000 4,750,000 Nepal Ethiopia 300,000 4,494,681 Nepal 300,000 500,000 Vietnam Cambodia 182,805 2,964,717 Vietnam Kenya Bangladesh 182,805 320,000 37,059 Source: See endnote 34 for this chapter. Bangladesh Kenya India 37,059 2,565,954 2,411,966 Source: See endnote 37 for this chapter. Figure 33. Capital Raised by Off-Grid Renewable Energy Companies in 2015 Biogas Installations Clean Cook Stoves USD 276 million Million USD Clean Cook Stoves China total in off-grid solar 43,000,000 China China India Ethiopia Nepal companies in 2015 300,000 80 4,750,000 12,989,744 USD 4,494,681 160 million Ethiopia Cambodia 70 4,494,681 2,964,717 Cambodia Vietnam total in Pay As You Go 182,8052,964,717 companies in 2015 60 Kenya 2,565,954 Kenya Bangladesh 37,059 2,565,954 India 2,411,966 India 2,411,966 40 31.5 Source: See endnote 51 for this chapter. 12,989,744 Clean Cook Stoves 20 15 15 12.6 10.7 10 03 China PAYG Ethiopia companies attracted about 58% 4,494,681 of the money raised by off-grid solar companies in 2015. Cambodia 2,964,717 12,989,744 0 Off Grid Electric M-KOPA BBOXX Nova Lumos Mobisol Fenix International Greenlight Planet Kenya 2,565,954 THE LARGEST MARKET FOR OFF-GRID SOLAR PRODUCTS WAS India 2,411,966 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (1.37 MILLION UNITS), FOLLOWED BY SOUTH ASIA (1.28 MILLION UNITS SOLD) RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 91
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RENEWABLES 2016 GLOBAL STATUS REPOR
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GSR 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword
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Figures Figure 1. Estimated Renewab
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FOREWORD The year 2015 was an extra
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RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT (GS
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Note: Some individuals have contrib
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Sweden Robert Fischer (University o
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REVIEWERS AND OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Sh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GLOBAL OVERVIEW A
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RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS 2015 IN
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TOP FIVE COUNTRIES Annual investmen
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SOLAR PV: Record deployment and rap
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INVESTMENT FLOWS A new record high;
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01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW The year 2015 wa
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markets, policy changes and uncerta
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Sidebar 1. Regional Spotlight: Sout
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Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacitie
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also are growing, as are wind turbi
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n Latin America: Biomass-based heat
Page 39 and 40: n Africa: Although biofuel producti
Page 41 and 42: JOBS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY Table 1. E
Page 43 and 44: 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BIOMA
Page 45 and 46: BIOMASS ENERGY Figure 7. Shares of
Page 47 and 48: China, the third largest ethanol pr
Page 49 and 50: concluded long-term offtake agreeme
Page 51 and 52: GEOTHERMAL POWER Figure XX. Figure
Page 53 and 54: GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Low natural gas
Page 55 and 56: HYDROPOWER Figure 12. Hydropower Gl
Page 57 and 58: OCEAN ENERGY OCEAN ENERGY MARKETS O
Page 59 and 60: Country of Spain, the first commerc
Page 61 and 62: 7.3 GW was installed, for a total o
Page 63 and 64: Figure 16. Solar PV Capacity and Ad
Page 65 and 66: SOLAR PV INDUSTRY The solar PV indu
Page 67 and 68: Sharp - in the storage market by in
Page 69 and 70: CSP INDUSTRY It was a watershed yea
Page 71 and 72: SOLAR THERMAL HEATING AND COOLING F
Page 73 and 74: SOLAR THERMAL HEATING/COOLING INDUS
Page 75 and 76: WIND POWER WIND POWER MARKETS Wind
Page 77 and 78: WIND POWER Figure 23. Wind Power Gl
Page 79 and 80: WIND POWER INDUSTRY The wind power
Page 81 and 82: Sidebar 3. Renewable Power Technolo
Page 83 and 84: Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
Page 85 and 86: Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
Page 87 and 88: 03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR
Page 89: through renewables-based mini-grids
Page 93 and 94: INVESTMENT AND FINANCING The year 2
Page 95 and 96: The market for PAYG solar - micro-p
Page 97 and 98: in 2015. In 2014, GACC projected th
Page 99 and 100: 04 INVESTMENT FLOWS Global new inve
Page 101 and 102: INVESTMENT BY ECONOMY The shift in
Page 103 and 104: INVESTMENT BY TECHNOLOGY Solar powe
Page 105 and 106: SOURCES OF INVESTMENT Debt makes up
Page 107 and 108: 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE Nearly all coun
Page 109 and 110: spearheaded by UNIDO, is designed t
Page 111 and 112: Specific commitments to renewable h
Page 113 and 114: Figure 39. Countries with Renewable
Page 115 and 116: Three US states took steps to expan
Page 117 and 118: volume requirements that were an in
Page 119 and 120: Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 121 and 122: Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 123 and 124: 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY GLOBAL OVERVIE
Page 125 and 126: MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BUILDING
Page 127 and 128: States, new dishwashers use 40% les
Page 129 and 130: 1990 and 2008, design-related effic
Page 131 and 132: The Green Climate Fund included in
Page 133 and 134: appliances, and the country also ha
Page 135 and 136: 07 FEATURE: COMMUNITY RENEWABLE ENE
Page 137 and 138: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES Organisat
Page 139 and 140: e a successful means for addressing
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Table R2. Renewable Electric Power
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Table R4. Geothermal Power Global C
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Table R6. Solar PV Global Capacity
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Table R8. Solar Water Heating Colle
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Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
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Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
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Table R11. Population Relying on Tr
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Table R12. Programmes Furthering En
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Table R12. Programmes Furthering En
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Table R13. Networks Furthering Ener
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Table R15. Share of Primary and Fin
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Table R15. Share of Primary and Fin
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Table R17. Share of Electricity Gen
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Table R17. Share of Electricity Gen
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Table R18. Renewable Energy Targets
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Table R19. Targets for Renewable Po
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Table R20. Cumulative Number 1 of C
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Table R21. Cumulative Number 1 of C
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Table R23. Heating and Cooling from
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Table R25. National and State/Provi
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Table R26. City and Local Renewable
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW unfccc-
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW bbc.com
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW 76 See
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW India,
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW persona
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW which o
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW http://
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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRE
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ENDNOTES 03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE E
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ENDNOTES 03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE E
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE POLICY
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE “Res
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE 2015,
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ENDNOTES 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY blog_
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ENDNOTES 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY go.jp
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ENDNOTES 07 FEATURE Programme, 2013
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES 2016); so
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES FTI Consu
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NOTES 4. Bio-power Data Given exist
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GLOSSARY projects vary in technolog
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GLOSSARY Labelling. System in which
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GLOSSARY Vehicle fuel standards. Ru
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PHOTO CREDITS page 9 SAIREC, South
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