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02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS capacity included Japan and the Republic of Korea (both over 0.2 GW), helping to bring the region’s total installations above 175 GW. 25 Chinese wind projects also were under construction in Pakistan, although no new capacity came online in 2015. 26 The United States ranked second for additions (8.6 GW) and cumulative capacity at year’s end (74 GW) and held onto first place for wind power generation (190.9 TWh) during 2015. 27 Wind power was the top source for new US power generating capacity, accounting for over 40% of the total. 28 More capacity was added in the fourth quarter of 2015 than in all of 2014; the jump (+77%) in annual additions was driven by short-term extensions of the Production Tax Credit (PTC) in 2013 and 2014. 29 In late 2015, a multi-year PTC extension and phase-out promised to provide policy stability for a longer period than ever before. 30 Texas led for capacity added (1.3 GW), followed by Oklahoma, Kansas and Iowa; Connecticut installed its first utility-scale project. 31 US utilities continued to invest strongly in wind power, with some going beyond state mandates based on favourable economics. 32 The cost-competitiveness of wind power also drove corporate and other purchasers, making 2015 the first year in which nonutility customers represented about half of the known (4 GW) US wind power purchase agreements. 33 By year’s end, an additional 9.4 GW of capacity was under construction. 34 Neighbouring Canada added 1.5 GW for a total of 11.2 GW, ranking sixth globally for additions and seventh for total capacity. 35 Although growth slowed relative to 2014, wind energy has remained Canada’s largest source of new electricity generating capacity for five years. 36 Ontario continued to lead, adding 0.9 GW (for a total of 4.4 GW), followed by Québec (added 0.4 GW) and Nova Scotia (added 0.2 GW), which installed one of Canada’s largest municipally owned wind projects. 37 Wind power capacity at end-2015 was enough to supply 5% of Canada’s electricity demand, with much higher shares in some provinces. 38 The European Union saw a new record for annual installations, due largely to Germany, which accounted for nearly half of the region’s market in 2015. The EU brought online some 12.8 GW of wind power capacity, for a total approaching 141.6 GW, including 11 GW operating offshore. 39 Offshore capacity accounted for almost one-fourth of 2015 additions, twice the previous year’s share. 40 Wind represented the largest percentage of new power capacity in the region (over 44%), followed by solar PV; new fossil fuel power capacity (about 23% of installations) was far exceeded by retirements. 41 Between 2000 and 2015, wind increased from 2.4% to 15.6% of total EU power capacity. 42 However, these advances and the scale of the EU market mask volatility in many countries due to weakened policy frameworks. 43 Germany installed over 6 GW (net 5.7 GW, considering decommissioned capacity), for a total of almost 45 GW. 44 These installations reflected the grid connection of a large amount of offshore capacity that was constructed in 2014, and a rush to complete new projects before Germany switches to a tendering scheme in 2017. 45 Germany’s gross generation from wind power was 88 TWh – up 53% relative to 2014 due to increased capacity and good wind conditions. 46 After Germany, the leading EU installers were Poland (1.3 GW), which overtook the United Kingdom for additions (1 GW), and France (1.1 GW). 47 Finland, Lithuania and Poland experienced the highest annual growth rates; Poland’s record additions (nearly three times the 2014 level) were driven by the anticipation of a new policy scheme in 2016. 48 Spain continued to rank second in the EU for total operating capacity (23 GW) but did not add wind capacity in 2015. 49 After Asia, Europe and North America, Latin America was the next largest installer by region, with nine countries adding nearly 4.4 GW to reach about 15.3 GW. 50 Brazil (2.8 GW) was responsible for about 57% of the region’s market, despite its political and economic woes, and ended the year with 8.7 GW. 51 About 357 MW of Brazil’s new capacity was commissioned but not yet gridconnected by year’s end. 52 Wind power has contributed to the avoidance of power rationing and has brought economic revival to Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil’s leading state for wind capacity. 53 Brazil was followed by Mexico (adding 0.7 GW to pass 3 GW), Uruguay (adding 0.3 GW) and Panama (adding 0.2 GW). 54 Turkey again ranked in the top 10 for new capacity in 2015, adding nearly 1 GW to end the year just above 4.7 GW. 55 In the Middle East, Jordan opened its first large commercial wind farm. 56 Others in the region advanced projects – including Iran, with as much as 155 MW at year’s end and plans for several additional projects, and Kuwait, which was planning its first wind farm. 57 The total African market was smaller than in 2014, due in part to financial difficulties in South Africa. 58 Even so, South Africa added nearly 0.5 GW (for a total just over 1 GW) to surpass Morocco and lead the continent past the 3 GW mark. 59 Egypt added 200 MW, and Ethiopia installed a large plant (153 MW), nearly doubling the national total. 60 Projects in Kenya, including the 300 MW Lake Turkana wind farm, were stalled due to land disputes. 61 However, by year’s end there was significant activity under way in Egypt and Morocco, and numerous small projects were being launched across Africa. 62 Australia was responsible for nearly all new capacity in the Pacific. 63 The country added almost 0.4 GW for a total approaching 4.2 GW, and wind power accounted for about 5% of national electricity consumption in 2015. 64 Offshore, an estimated 3.4 GW of capacity was connected to grids in 2015, about double the additions in 2014, for a world total exceeding 12 GW. 65 The vast majority of added capacity (89%) and total operating capacity (91%) was in Europe, where a record 3 GW was installed for a total 11 GW of grid-connected capacity off the coasts of 11 countries. 66 Germany accounted for about two-thirds of global offshore additions (adding 2.2 GW), counting capacity installed but not grid-connected in 2014. 67 It was followed by the United Kingdom (571 MW), China (361 MW), the Netherlands (180 MW) and Japan (3 MW), the only other countries to add capacity offshore in 2015. 68 Although policy changes have delayed some development, the United Kingdom continued to lead in total offshore capacity with 5.1 GW at year’s end; it was followed by Germany (3.3 GW), Denmark (1.3 GW) and China (1 GW). 69 Deployment offshore has been relatively slow in Asia and North America. 70 China is about three years behind its 2015 target to deploy 5 GW, delayed by high costs, challenging environmental conditions, and regulatory and technical issues. 71 India approved an offshore wind power policy, opening the door for future development. 72 In the United States, construction began on the first project (30 MW). 73 Offshore and on land, independent power producers (IPPs) and energy utilities remained the most important clients in terms of capacity under construction and in operation, but 76
WIND POWER Figure 23. Wind Power Global Capacity and Annual Additions, 2005–2015 Gigawatts 500 400 300 200 100 0 59 +12 Annual additions Capacity 74 +15 94 +20 121 +27 159 +38 198 +39 238 +41 283 +45 World Total 433 Gigawatts 318 +36 370 +52 +63 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 See endnote 1 for this section. Figure 24. Wind Power Capacity and Additions, Top 10 Countries, 2015 Gigawatts 150 120 + 30.8 Added in 2015 2014 total Source: See endnote 6 for this section. 90 + 8.6 60 + 5.7 30 + 2.6 + 0 0 China United States Germany India Spain United Kingdom + 1 + 1.5 + 1.1 + 0.3 + 2.8 Canada France Italy Brazil Additions are net of repowering/ decommissioning. Figure 25. Market Shares of Top 10 Wind Turbine Manufacturers, 2015 Goldwind (China) 12.5% Vestas (Denmark) 11.8% GE Wind (USA) 9.5% Source: FTI Consulting. See endnote 119 for this section. 02 Others 31.4% Siemens (Germany) 8.0% Gamesa (Spain) 5.4% Enercon (Germany) 5.0% United Power (China) 4.9% Mingyang (China) 4.1% Envision (China) 4.0% CSIC Haizhuang (China) 3.4% Total sales = ~63 GW. RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 77
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WIND POWER<br />
Figure 23. Wind Power Global Capacity and Annual Additions, 2005–2015<br />
Gigawatts<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
59<br />
+12<br />
Annual additions<br />
Capacity<br />
74<br />
+15<br />
94<br />
+20<br />
121<br />
+27<br />
159<br />
+38<br />
198<br />
+39<br />
238<br />
+41<br />
283<br />
+45<br />
World Total<br />
433 Gigawatts<br />
318<br />
+36<br />
370<br />
+52<br />
+63<br />
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015<br />
See endnote 1<br />
for this section.<br />
Figure 24. Wind Power Capacity and Additions, Top 10 Countries, 2015<br />
Gigawatts<br />
150<br />
120<br />
+ 30.8<br />
Added in 2015<br />
2014 total<br />
Source:<br />
See endnote 6<br />
for this section.<br />
90<br />
+ 8.6<br />
60<br />
+ 5.7<br />
30<br />
+ 2.6 + 0<br />
0<br />
China<br />
United<br />
States<br />
Germany India Spain United<br />
Kingdom<br />
+ 1 + 1.5 + 1.1 + 0.3 + 2.8<br />
Canada France Italy Brazil<br />
Additions are net<br />
of repowering/<br />
decommissioning.<br />
Figure 25. Market Shares of Top 10 Wind Turbine Manufacturers, 2015<br />
Goldwind<br />
(China)<br />
12.5%<br />
Vestas<br />
(Denmark)<br />
11.8%<br />
GE Wind<br />
(USA)<br />
9.5%<br />
Source: FTI<br />
Consulting. See<br />
endnote 119 for<br />
this section.<br />
02<br />
Others<br />
31.4%<br />
Siemens (Germany)<br />
8.0%<br />
Gamesa (Spain) 5.4%<br />
Enercon (Germany) 5.0%<br />
United Power (China) 4.9%<br />
Mingyang (China) 4.1%<br />
Envision (China) 4.0%<br />
CSIC Haizhuang (China) 3.4%<br />
Total sales = ~63 GW.<br />
RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT<br />
77
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