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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS - SOLAR THERMAL HEATING AND COOLING
Consulting / Tecsol within TASK 48 of IEA SHC, per Jakob, op. cit.
note 56.
58 The German Chiller manufacturer Invensor commissioned the
largest solar cooling installation in its company history in March
2015 at the German weighing technology manufacturer Wipotec.
The installation has 100 kW of cooling capacity and 480 m 2 of
collector field (the collector field and cooling load are separate
units) for air conditioning of the production and office buildings,
per Hayo Angerer-Wachenfeld, Invensor, Berlin, Germany,
personal communication with REN21, April 2016. As of early 2016,
a 3,000 m 2 solar process heating and cooling system was under
construction in Graz at the industry company AVL, per Christian
Holter, S.O.L.I.D., Graz, Austria, personal communication with
REN21, April 2016. The Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center in
Abu Dhabi is partly cooled by a 1,134 m² collector field, which
drives a 352 kW capacity lithium absorption chiller, per Bärbel
Epp, “UAE: Museum in Al Ain Garden City receives 5-Pearl
Estidama rating,” Solar Thermal World, 4 May 2015, http://www.
solarthermalworld.org/content/uae-museum-al-ain-garden-cityreceives-5-pearl-estidama-rating.
59 For the first time, a solar cooling week was organised in March
2015 by IEA SHC TASK 48, in co-operation with Professor
Yajun Dai from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, per Eva Augsten,
“Solar Cooling Week in China: sector still growing in Asia and
Europe,” Solar Thermal World, 30 April 2015, http://www.
solarthermalworld.org/content/solar-cooling-week-china-sectorstill-growing-asia-and-europe.
Favorable countries for 100 kW
solar cooling systems are Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, the State of
Palestine, Tunisia and Yemen, per United Nations Environmental
Programme, Assessment on the Commercial Viability of Solar
Cooling Technologies and Applications in the Arab Region
(Nairobi: 2014), http://www.solarthermalworld.org/sites/gstec/
files/story/2016-04-05/solar_cooling_in_arab_region_0.pdf.
60 Daniel Mugnier, Tecsol, Perpignan, France, personal
communication with REN21, April 2016.
61 Desiccant cooling (DEC) systems lack commercial offers and
seriously aggressive actors in comparison with absorption and
adsorption chiller technologies. The complexity of DEC systems
often lead to the selection of absorption technology for solar
cooling projects in 2015, per Mugnier, op. cit. note 54.
62 Bärbel Epp and Stephanie Banse, “Success and crisis close
together,” Sun & Wind Energy 6/2015, November 2015, pp.
22–35, http://www.sunwindenergy.com/sites/default/emagftp/
SWE_S_06__2015/index.html#/22 .
63 Jaideep Malaviya, “India: First mirror manufacturer for
concentrating collector application,” Solar Thermal World, 26
January 2016, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/indiafirst-mirror-manufacturer-concentrating-collector-application.
The United Nations Development Programme is subsidising the
installation of 90 demonstration and replication projects totalling
45,000 m² of collector area between 2012 and 2017, from Jaideep
Malaviya, “India: UNDP supports 53 new concentrating solar
thermal projects,” Solar Thermal World, 23 February 2015, http://
www.solarthermalworld.org/content/india-undp-supports-53-
new-concentrating-solar-thermal-projects.
64 Alejandro Diego Rosell, “Mexico: First local vacuum tube
manufacturer to start production in 2018,” Solar Thermal
World, 16 October 2015, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/
content/mexico-first-local-vacuum-tube-manufacturerstart-production-2018;
Alejandro Diego Rosell, “Mexico: Pilot
polymer water heater factory by 2016,” Solar Thermal World,
26 June 2015, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/
mexico-pilot-polymer-water-heater-factory-2016.
65 The three vacuum tube collector manufacturers reached a
production capacity of at least 10 million tubes in 2014, enough
to cover the demand of newly installed vacuum tube collector
systems with 1,024,665 m 2 in 2015, per Bärbel Epp, “Turkey:
Market development 2015 and forecast 2016,” Solar Thermal
World, 26 November 2015, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/
content/turkey-market-development-2015-and-forecast-2016.
Market figures for Turkey for 2015 from Ülke, op. cit. note 14.
66 Costas Travasaros, EBHE, Piraeus, Greece, personal
communication with REN21, February 2016; Klaus Mischensky,
Austria Solar, Vienna, Austria, personal communication with
REN21, March 2016.
67 Over the last two years, maybe 90% of the companies active
in solar thermal have gone out of business, per Javier Ferrada,
Britec, Santiago, Chile, personal communication with REN21,
February 2016. See Alejandro Diego Rosell, “Chile: New
tax credits – better late than never,” Solar Thermal World,
2 March 2015, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/
chile-new-tax-credits-better-late-never.
68 Linuo New Materials did not make money in the last few years
because of the decreasing prices of raw glass tubing and because
its manufacturing technology was outdated, per Epp and Banse,
op. cit. note 62. The world´s largest manufacturer of vacuum
tubes and systems, the Sunrise East Group with its two brands
Sunrain and Micoe, purchased a 30% stake in Pengpusang,
known internationally as Prosunpro, per idem.
69 Bärbel Epp, “Europe: Market decline claims four victims
in collector industry,” Solar Thermal World, 17 November
2015, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/
europe-market-decline-claims-four-victims-collector-industry.
70 Ensol and Hewalex announced strong growth rates in 2014,
according to the world map survey, per Epp and Banse, op. cit.
note 62.
71 Novasol and Sumersol have begun to offer innovative financing
schemes to decrease the dependency of stop-and-go support
schemes. Navasol’s clients can pay back the investment in
monthly instalments equivalent to the monthly energy bills they
used to pay, plus a certain discount. Sumersol offers energy
service contracts, selling solar heat instead of solar systems to
customers, per Alejandro Diego Rosell, “Spain: Market growth
despite incentive scheme stop and go,” Solar Thermal World,
2 February 2016, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/
spain-market-growth-despite-incentive-scheme-stop-and-go.
72 According to Skyline Innovations, the company had completed
104 ESCO projects by February 2014; 96 were in design/build
phase at that time and another 41 were signed to be built, per
Justin Schafer, Product Manager, Skyline, in an interview, “We try
to take the complication out of the energy business, not only for
our customers, but also for our industry partners,” Solar Thermal
World, 28 February 2014, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/
content/we-try-take-complication-out-energy-business-notonly-our-customers-also-our-industry.
S.O.L.I.D. in Austria had
13 plants under ESCO contracts with a total collector area of
26,427 m 2 in May 2015, per Harald Blazek, S.O.L.I.D., Graz, Austria,
personal communication with REN21, April–May 2015.
73 Sumersol from Spain has been experiencing continuous growth
in offering heat delivery contracts as an ESCO. Founding Partner
Juan José Rojo confirms: “Five years ago, we set up maybe two to
three systems per year. Now, we are installing more than ten and
intend to reach 50 over the medium term,” as quoted in Rosell, op.
cit. note 71. Sunti, a French start-up founded in November 2014,
offers solar process heat to firms as an ESCO, per Bärbel Epp,
“France: New ESCO focuses on process heat,” Solar Thermal
World, 2 May 2015, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/
france-new-esco-focuses-process-heat. The German company
Enertracting, founded in 2011, focuses on the ESCO business;
at the end of 2015, it had under contract six systems with a
total collector area of more than 1,000 m 2 , per Roland Heinzen,
Enertracting, Kassel, Germany, personal communication with
solrico, April 2015. The solar process heat company Sunvapor
offers the sale of heat as opposed to equipment, per Steven
Meyers, Visiting Scientist, Sunvapor, personal communication
with REN21, March 2016.
74 Austrian installation company Mysolar specialises in replacing
18 year old on average solar water heaters that have been losing
efficiency because of ageing collectors. At a fixed price, the
company replaces old collectors with new ones – a growing
business field, as the increasing number of partners in different
federal states shows, per Eva Augsten, “Austria: Mysolar offers
to replace old solar thermal collectors,” Solar Thermal World, 9
November 2015, http://www.solarthermalworld.org/content/
austria-mysolar-offers-replace-old-solar-thermal-collectors.
75 An average 88% of the annually installed collector units in Israel
were replacing existing systems, and only 12% were new ones
between 2010 and 2014, per Eddie Bet-Hazavdi, Department
of Energy Conservation within the Ministry of National
Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources, Tel Aviv, Israel,
personal communication with solrico, June 2015.
76 Epp and Banse, op. cit. note 62.
77 Ibid.
78 The largest brands of vacuum tube collectors in China in 2015
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