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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS - HYDROPOWER 14 and 15, http://www.ebrd.com/documents/comms-and-bis/ turkey-national-renewable-energy-action-plan.pdf. 18 Capacity at end-2015 of 25.9 GW from TEİAŞ, “Türkiye elektrik enerjisi kuruluş ve yakit cinslerine göre kurulu gü.," op. cit. note 5. 19 Generation for 2014 and 2015 from TEİAŞ, Stratejik Plan 2015-2019, op. cit. note 5. 20 Installed capacity in 2015 (units larger than 25 MW) of 42,623.42 MW from Government of India, Ministry of Power, Central Electricity Authority, “All India installed capacity (in MW) of power stations,” op. cit. note 2; capacity additions in 2015 (>25 MW) of 1,606 MW from Government of India, Ministry of Power, Central Electricity Authority, “Executive summary of the power sector (monthly),” op. cit. note 2; installed capacity in 2015 (
ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS - HYDROPOWER 47 Scottish Enterprise, “Isle of Mull’s first community hydroelectricity scheme at Garmony goes ahead with REIF & Charity Bank loan,” press release (Glasgow: 26 March 2015), http:// scottish-enterprise.presscentre.com/Press-releases/Isle-of- Mull-s-first-community-hydroelectricity-scheme-at-Garmonygoes-ahead-with-REIF-Charity-Ban-768.aspx; Local Energy Scotland, “Garmony Hydro,” http://www.localenergyscotland. org/media/80819/Garmony-Case-Study.pdf; Mull and Iona Community Trust, “Garmony Hydro Scheme,” http://www.mict. co.uk/projects-services/garmonyhydro. 48 World Bank, “Overview on hydropower,” http://www.worldbank. org/en/topic/hydropower/overview#1, viewed May 2016. 49 World Bank, “Action plan: improving the management of safeguards and resettlement practices and outcomes,” press release (Washington, DC: 4 March 2015), http://pubdocs. worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2015/3/71481425483119932/ action-plan-safeguards-resettlement.pdf. 50 IHA op. cit. note 1, both sources. 51 Ibid. 52 Toshiba, “Toshiba’s adjustable-speed pumped storage power system has started commercial operation (Hokkaido Electric Power Company 2nd Unit, Kyogoku Power Plant),” press release (Kanagawa, Japan: 7 December 2015), http://www3.toshiba.co.jp/ power/english/topics/20151207/index.htm. 53 Verbund, “Additional work in tunnel delays start of Reisseck II operation,” press release (Mühldorf, Austria: 2 August 2015), https://www.verbund.com/cc/en/news-media/news/2015/08/02/ reisseck-bauverzoegerung. 54 IHA, op. cit. note 1, both sources. 55 Ibid. 56 IHA, op. cit. note 45. 57 IHA, op. cit. note 1, both sources. 58 Ibid. 59 Hydropower Equipment Association, personal communication with REN21, February 2015. 60 GE, “GE completes acquisition of Alstom power and grid businesses,” press release (Paris: 2 November 2015), http://www. genewsroom.com/press-releases/ge-completes-acquisitionalstom-power-and-grid-businesses-282159. 61 Andritz, Annual Report 2015 (Graz, Austria: 2016), pp. 3–10, http:// www.andritz.com/index/gr-investors.htm. 62 Voith, Annual Report 2015 (Heidenheim, Germany: November 2015), p. 58. 63 Ibid., p. 53. 64 Ibid., p. 58. 65 Ibid., pp. 57–58. 66 China Electricity Council, review of global hydropower activity, http://www.cec.org.cn/yaowenkuaidi/2016-01-27/148495.html. 67 “China Three Gorges becomes Brazil’s No. 2 private power operator,” Bloomberg, 7 January 2016, http://www.bloomberg. com/news/articles/2016-01-07/china-three-gorges-becomesbrazil-s-no-2-private-power-operator; “China, Latin America see great potential in clean energy cooperation: experts,” Xinhua, 2 November 2015, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015- 11/02/c_134775533.htm. 02 RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 209
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RENEWABLES 2016 GLOBAL STATUS REPOR
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GSR 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword
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Figures Figure 1. Estimated Renewab
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FOREWORD The year 2015 was an extra
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RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT (GS
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Note: Some individuals have contrib
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Sweden Robert Fischer (University o
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REVIEWERS AND OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Sh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GLOBAL OVERVIEW A
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RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS 2015 IN
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TOP FIVE COUNTRIES Annual investmen
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SOLAR PV: Record deployment and rap
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INVESTMENT FLOWS A new record high;
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01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW The year 2015 wa
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markets, policy changes and uncerta
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Sidebar 1. Regional Spotlight: Sout
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Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacitie
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also are growing, as are wind turbi
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n Latin America: Biomass-based heat
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n Africa: Although biofuel producti
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JOBS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY Table 1. E
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02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BIOMA
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BIOMASS ENERGY Figure 7. Shares of
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China, the third largest ethanol pr
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concluded long-term offtake agreeme
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GEOTHERMAL POWER Figure XX. Figure
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GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Low natural gas
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HYDROPOWER Figure 12. Hydropower Gl
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OCEAN ENERGY OCEAN ENERGY MARKETS O
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Country of Spain, the first commerc
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7.3 GW was installed, for a total o
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Figure 16. Solar PV Capacity and Ad
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SOLAR PV INDUSTRY The solar PV indu
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Sharp - in the storage market by in
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CSP INDUSTRY It was a watershed yea
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SOLAR THERMAL HEATING AND COOLING F
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SOLAR THERMAL HEATING/COOLING INDUS
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WIND POWER WIND POWER MARKETS Wind
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WIND POWER Figure 23. Wind Power Gl
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WIND POWER INDUSTRY The wind power
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Sidebar 3. Renewable Power Technolo
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Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
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Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
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03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR
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through renewables-based mini-grids
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India Tanzania Kenya Ethiopia 661,6
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INVESTMENT AND FINANCING The year 2
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The market for PAYG solar - micro-p
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in 2015. In 2014, GACC projected th
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04 INVESTMENT FLOWS Global new inve
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INVESTMENT BY ECONOMY The shift in
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INVESTMENT BY TECHNOLOGY Solar powe
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SOURCES OF INVESTMENT Debt makes up
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05 POLICY LANDSCAPE Nearly all coun
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spearheaded by UNIDO, is designed t
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Specific commitments to renewable h
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Figure 39. Countries with Renewable
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Three US states took steps to expan
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volume requirements that were an in
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Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
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Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
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06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY GLOBAL OVERVIE
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MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BUILDING
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States, new dishwashers use 40% les
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1990 and 2008, design-related effic
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The Green Climate Fund included in
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appliances, and the country also ha
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07 FEATURE: COMMUNITY RENEWABLE ENE
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ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES Organisat
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e a successful means for addressing
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Table R2. Renewable Electric Power
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Table R4. Geothermal Power Global C
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Table R6. Solar PV Global Capacity
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Table R8. Solar Water Heating Colle
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Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
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Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
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Table R11. Population Relying on Tr
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Table R12. Programmes Furthering En
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Page 165 and 166: Table R17. Share of Electricity Gen
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Page 169 and 170: Table R18. Renewable Energy Targets
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Page 179 and 180: Table R21. Cumulative Number 1 of C
Page 181 and 182: Table R23. Heating and Cooling from
Page 183 and 184: Table R25. National and State/Provi
Page 185 and 186: Table R26. City and Local Renewable
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Page 247 and 248: ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE POLICY
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Page 253 and 254: ENDNOTES 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY blog_
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Page 257 and 258: ENDNOTES 07 FEATURE Programme, 2013
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES 2016); so
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES FTI Consu
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NOTES 4. Bio-power Data Given exist
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GLOSSARY projects vary in technolog
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GLOSSARY Labelling. System in which
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GLOSSARY Vehicle fuel standards. Ru
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PHOTO CREDITS page 9 SAIREC, South
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