2j7YOwO

ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS - GEOTHERMAL POWER AND HEAT
GEOTHERMAL POWER AND HEAT
1 Electricity generation global average capacity factor of
66.45% in 2014, derived from Ruggero Bertani, “Geothermal
power generation in the world: 2010–2014 update report,” in
Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2015 (Melbourne,
Australia: 19–25 April 2015), and capacity from inventory
of existing and installed capacity in 2015 from Geothermal
Energy Association (GEA), per Benjamin Matek, GEA, personal
communication with REN21, March–May 2016. Heat capacity
and generation is an extrapolation from five-year growth rates
calculated from generation and capacity data for 2009 and
2014, from John W. Lund and Tonya L. Boyd, “Direct utilization of
geothermal energy: 2015 worldwide review,” in Proceedings of the
World Geothermal Congress 2015 (Melbourne, Australia: 19–25
April 2015).
2 Ibid.
3 Inventory of existing capacity and installed capacity in 2015
from GEA, op. cit. note 1; additional information on Japan from
Toshihiro Uchida, Geological Survey of Japan (AIST), via Marietta
Sander, International Geothermal Association (IGA), personal
communication with REN21, April 2016.
4 Inventory of existing capacity and installed capacity in 2015 from
GEA, op. cit. note 1. Figure 10 based on idem and on countryspecific
data and sources found throughout this section.
5 Inventory of existing capacity and installed capacity in 2015 from
GEA, op. cit. note 1. Figure 11 from idem.
6 Inventory of existing capacity and installed capacity in 2015 from
GEA, op. cit. note 1; additional information on Japan from Uchida,
op. cit. note 3.
7 Capacity at end-2015 at 623.9 MW from Turkish Electricity
Transmission Company (TEİAŞ), http://www.teias.gov.tr; end-
2014 capacity of 404.9 MW from TEİAŞ, Stratejik Plan 2015-2019
(Ankara: 2015), http://www.teias.gov.tr; capacity installation in
2015 from GEA, op. cit. note 1.
8 Exergy S.p.A., “A world first: Turkish Akca plant
successfully in operation,” press release (Bologna: 1 July
2015), http://www.exergy-orc.com/communication/
news/a-world-first-turkish-aka-plant-successfully-in-operation.
9 Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey and
Yenilenebilir Enerji Genel Müdürlüğü, National Renewable
Energy Action Plan for Turkey (Ankara: December 2014), http://
www.ebrd.com/documents/comms-and-bis/turkey-nationalrenewable-energy-action-plan.pdf.
10 Generation from TEİAŞ, “ 2015 Yılı Üretim-Tüketim Karşılaştırması,”
http://www.teias.gov.tr/yukdagitim/2015yiliuretimtuketimgecici.
xlsx.
11 Ormat Technologies, “McGinness Hills Phase 2 geothermal
power plant begins commercial operation,” press release (Reno,
NV: 4 February 2015), http://www.ormat.com/news/latest-items/
mcginness-hills-phase-2-geothermal-power-plant-beginscommercial-operation;
Ormat Technologies, “Don A. Campbell
Phase 2 geothermal power plant in Nevada begins commercial
operation,” press release (Reno, NV: 24 September 2015), http://
www.ormat.com/news/latest-items/don-campbell-phase-2-
geothermal-power-plant-nevada-begins-commercial-operation.
12 Generation from US Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Electric Power Monthly, February 2016, Table ES1.B., http://www.
eia.gov/electricity/monthly; installed nameplate capacity from
GEA, op cit. note 1; net capacity from US EIA, op. cit. this note,
Table 6.2.B.
13 Benjamin Matek, 2016 Annual US & Global Power Production
Report (Washington, DC: GEA, March 2016), http://www.geoenergy.org.
14 Juan Luis Del Valle, Grupo Dragon, “Private geothermal projects
in Mexico – development and challenges,” presentation at GEA
US and International Geothermal Energy Showcase, Washington,
DC, 17 March 2016.
15 Total capacity and project additions from Luis C.A. Gutiérrez-
Negrín, Mexican Geothermal Association, “Mexico: Update of
the Country Update, and IRENA’s REmap,” IGA News, April-June
2015, http://www.geothermal-energy.org, and from Geotermia,
July–December 2015, http://geotermia.org.mx/geotermia/
revistageotermia/Geotermia-Vol28-2.pdf.
16 Luis Carlos Gutiérrez Negrín, Mexican Geothermal Association,
personal communication with REN21, February 2016.
17 Capacity additions (20 MW) from GEA, op. cit. note 1, and (25
MW) from Green Energy Geothermal, “GEG and KenGen adding
25 MW to the national grid,” 10 June 2015, http://www.geg.co.uk/
geg-and-kengen-adding-25-mw-to-the-national-grid; installed
capacity (607 MW) from GEA, op. cit. note 1, and (585 MW) from
Kenya Electricity Generating Company, “KenGen wins EAPIC
awards,” press release (Nairobi: 18 August 2015), http://www.
kengen.co.ke/index.php?page=press&subpage=releases.
18 Kenya Power, “Kenya Power signs power purchase agreements
for 76 MW additional capacity,” press release (Nairobi: 12 August
2015), http://www.kplc.co.ke/content/item/1018/Kenya-Powersigns-power-purchase-agreements-for-76-MW-additionalcapacity;
Ram Energy Inc., “Current Projects,” http://www.
ramenergyinc.com/#!projects/c10my; Akira Geothermal Ltd.,
“Project 1,” http://www.akiiraone.com/projects.html.
19 Munich RE, “Munich Re provides geothermal exploration
risk insurance for Akiira in Kenya,” press release (Munich: 30
July 2015), http://www.munichre.com/en/media-relations/
publications/company-news/2015/2015-07-30-company-news/
index.html.
20 Turboden, “A 5.5 MW electric ORC power plant connected
to the grid in Bavaria,” undated, http://www.turboden.eu/
en/news/news.php; Geothermische Kraftwerksgesellschaft
Traunreut website, http://www.geothermie-traunreut.de; German
Geothermal Association (Bundesverband Geothermie), ”Tiefe
Geothermieprojekte in Deutschland,” http://www.geothermie.de/
fileadmin/useruploads/wissenswelt/Projekte/Projektliste_Tiefe_
Geothermie_2016.pdf; European Geothermal Energy Council
(EGEC), personal communication with REN21, March 2016.
21 German Geothermal Association, op. cit. note 20; EGEC, op. cit.
note 20.
22 Turboden, “Turboden expands into the Asian geothermal market:
6 MW started up in Japan and 50 MW to be supplied in the
Philippines,” press release (Brescia, Italy: 14 December 2015),
http://www.turboden.eu/en/public/press/20151214_Turboden_
Asian_Market_ENG.PDF; Uchida, op. cit. note 3.
23 Junko Movellan, “Popular hot springs in Japan co-exist with
binary geothermal power plants,” Renewable Energy World,
14 December 2015, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/
articles/2015/12/popular-hot-springs-in-japan-co-exist-withbinary-geothermal-power-plants.html.
24 “Japan starts building large geothermal plant after long hiatus,”
Nikkei Asian Review, 26 May 2015,
http://asia.nikkei.com/Japan-Update/
Japan-starts-building-large-geothermal-plant-after-long-hiatus.
25 Enel Green Power, “Enel Green Power brings online world’s first
integrated geothermal and biomass plant in Tuscany,” press
release (Rome: 27 July 2015), https://www.enelgreenpower.
com/en-GB/media_investor/press_releases/release.
aspx?iddoc=1664165.
26 Desmond Brown, “Nevis has a date with geothermal energy,”
Inter Press Service, 25 January 2016, http://www.ipsnews.
net/2016/01/nevis-has-a-date-with-geothermal-energy.
27 ZIZ, National Broadcasting Corporation of St. Kitts and
Nevis, “Mister Liburd gives geothermal exploration
update,” 27 March 2016, http://zizonline.com/
mister-liburd-gives-geothermal-exploration-update.
28 Sven Scholtysik, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association
(CanGEA), personal communication with REN21, March 2016;
CanGEA, “Canadian National Geothermal Database and
Provincial Resource Estimate Maps,” http://www.cangea.
ca/canadian-national-geothermal-database-and-resourcefavourability-maps.html.
29 Justin Crewson, CanGEA, “Canada: Assessing geothermal
energy’s potential to meet British Columbia’s increasing
power demand,” IGA News, January–March 2015, http://www.
geothermal-energy.org.
30 Data from Lund and Boyd, op. cit. note 1, and from Luis C.A.
Gutiérrez-Negrín, IGA and Mexican Geothermal Association,
personal communication with REN21, March 2015. Capacity
and generation for 2015 are extrapolated from 2014 values
(from sources) by weighted-average growth rate across eight
categories of geothermal direct use: space heating, bathing and
swimming, greenhouse heating, aquaculture, industrial use, snow
melting and cooling, agricultural drying, and other. The weightedaverage
five-year annual growth rate for capacity is 6.0%,
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