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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW<br />
India,” http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/by_country_detail.<br />
cfm/country=IN, updated 17 February 2014, from CSP Today,<br />
op. cit. note 40, updated and viewed continuously on numerous<br />
occasions leading up to 22 April 2016, and from Heba Hashem,<br />
“India’s PV-led solar growth casts eyes on performance of CSP<br />
projects,” CSP Today, 9 November 2015, http://social.csptoday.<br />
com/markets/india%E2%80%99s-pv-led-solar-growth-castseyes-performance-csp-projects.<br />
Italy: Hydropower from Gestore<br />
dei Servizi Energetici (GSE), “Energia da fonti rinnovabili in Italia,<br />
Dati preliminari 2015,” 29 February 2016, http://www.gse.it/it/<br />
Statistiche/RapportiStatistici/Pagine/default.aspx; wind power<br />
from European Wind Energy Agency (EWEA), Wind in Power:<br />
2015 European Statistics (Brussels: February 2016), p. 4; solar<br />
PV from IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87, and from GSE, op. cit. this<br />
note; bio-power from idem; geothermal power from idem and<br />
from GEA database, op. cit. note 87; CSP (all pilots) from NREL,<br />
“Concentrating solar power projects in Italy,” http://www.nrel.<br />
gov/csp/solarpaces/by_country_detail.cfm/country=IT, updated<br />
17 February 2014, and from CSP Today, op. cit. note 40, updated<br />
and viewed continuously on numerous occasions leading up to<br />
22 April 2016; ocean power from OES, op. cit. note 87. Spain:<br />
Hydropower from REE, “Potencia Instalada nacional (MW),” 8<br />
April 2016, www.ree.es; wind power from EWEA, op. cit. this note;<br />
solar PV from IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87; bio-power from REE,<br />
op. cit. note 31, p. 5; Crespo, op. cit. note 40; also from REE, op.<br />
cit. note 31, p. 5; ocean power from OES, op. cit. note 87. Figure 4<br />
based on sources in this note and in Endnote 88, and on data for<br />
EU, BRICS and world available throughout this report, including<br />
Reference Tables R1 and R2 and associated endnotes.<br />
90 Based on data and sources in previous endnotes in this section<br />
for Germany and Spain, population data for 2014 from World<br />
Bank, “Population, total,” World Development Indicators, http://<br />
data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL, updated 17 February<br />
2016, data gathered from various sources throughout this report<br />
for more than 50 countries, and from the following: Denmark<br />
based on wind power from EWEA, op. cit. note 89, p. 4; solar<br />
PV from IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87; bio-power based on IRENA,<br />
op. cit. note 40, and on 2014 data from Energistyrelsen, Danish<br />
Energy Agency (DEA), provided by Silas Alvin Petersen, Centre<br />
for Supply at DEA to Ines Aria, Euroheat on behalf of REN21,<br />
personal communication with REN21, 28 April 2016. Sweden<br />
based on wind power from EWEA, op. cit. note 89; solar PV from<br />
IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87; bio-power from Swedish Bioenergy<br />
Association, Biokraft 2015, https://www.svebio.se/sites/<br />
default/files/Biokraftkartan2015_web_0.pdf, from “17 Mjölby-<br />
Svartådalens Energi, Mjölby,” http://www.mse.se/produkter/<br />
fjarrvarme/kvv/Sidor/default.aspx and from “27 Tekniska<br />
Verken, Linköping,” http://www.energinyheter.se/2016/03/<br />
lejonpannan-blir-tekniska-verkens-nya-skyltf-nster, all provided<br />
by Robert Fischer, Consultancy for Sustainable Energy Systems<br />
(C4SES), Sweden, personal communication with REN21, 25<br />
April 2016; ocean power from OES, op. cit. note 87. Portugal<br />
based on EWEA, op. cit. note 89; solar PV from IEA PVPS, op.<br />
cit. note 87, from Directorate General for Energy and Geology<br />
(DGEG) website, http://www.dgeg.pt, and from DGEG country<br />
contributor, personal communication with REN21, February 2016;<br />
bio-power from DGEG, op. cit. this note; geothermal power from<br />
GEA database, op. cit. note 87; ocean power from OES, op. cit.<br />
note 87.<br />
91 Leadership in bioenergy from GlobalData, cited in 25x’25,<br />
“China pushed global renewable installed capacity<br />
past 900 GWs in 2015,” Weekly REsource, 15 January<br />
2016, http://www.25x25.org/index.php?option=com_<br />
content&task=view&id=1327&Itemid=246; China added 830<br />
MW in 2015, per Zhang, op. cit. note 87. See Market and Industry<br />
Trends chapter for more details and sources about added<br />
capacities and rankings. Curtailment from, for example, Max<br />
Dupuy and Wang Xuan, “China’s string of new policies addressing<br />
renewable energy curtailment: an update,” Regulatory Assistance<br />
Project, 8 April 2016, http://www.raponline.org/featured-work/<br />
chinas-string-of-new-policies-addressing-renewable-energycurtailment-an,<br />
and from Feifei Shen, “China’s grid operator<br />
blames bad planning for idled renewable energy,” Renewable<br />
Energy World, 1 April 2016, http://www.renewableenergyworld.<br />
com/articles/2016/04/china-s-grid-operator-blames-badplanning-for-idled-renewable-energy.html.<br />
92 For details on hydropower, solar PV and wind power capacity<br />
in India and Japan, see relevant sections in Market and Industry<br />
Trends chapter.<br />
93 See Market and Industry Trends chapter.<br />
94 Malaysia for hydropower and solar PV; Pakistan for solar PV and<br />
wind power; Philippines for geothermal, wind power and solar PV;<br />
Republic of Korea for tidal, wind and solar PV; Thailand for wind<br />
and solar PV; Vietnam for hydropower and solar PV. See relevant<br />
sections in Market and Industry Trends chapter; IEA PVPS, op. cit.<br />
note 87; and GWEC, op. cit. note 28, p. 11.<br />
95 EWEA, op. cit. note 89, pp. 3, 6, 7.<br />
96 Ibid., p. 8. Renewable energy accounted for 28.7% of Europe’s<br />
power generation in 2015, followed by nuclear (26.8%) and<br />
coal (hard coal 15.6% and lignite 10.4%), with gas, oil and other<br />
conventional sources accounting for the remaining 18.3%, from<br />
Agora Energiewende, Energy Transition in the Power Sector<br />
in Europe: State of Affairs in 2015 (Berlin: April 2016), pp. 1, 31,<br />
https://www.agora-energiewende.de/fileadmin/Projekte/2016/<br />
EU-Review_2015/Agora_State_of_Affairs_EU_2015_WEB.pdf.<br />
97 Scotland’s share was estimated at the equivalent of 57.5% of<br />
Scotland’s power needs, from UK Department of Energy and<br />
Climate Change, cited in Scott McCulloch, “Renewables met<br />
57% of Scotland’s electricity demand in 2015,” Daily Record, 31<br />
March 2016, http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/business/businessenergy/report-renewables-met-57-scotlands-7663188;<br />
Cassie<br />
Werber, “The UK is now producing a quarter of its electricity from<br />
renewables,” Quartz, 1 April 2016, http://qz.com/652609/the-ukis-now-producing-a-quarter-of-its-electricity-from-renewables/.<br />
98 Preliminary statistics from BMWi, Erneuerbare Energien in<br />
Deutschland, op. cit. note 87, and from BMWi, Zeitreihen zur<br />
Entwicklung der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland…, op. cit.<br />
note 87.<br />
99 Justin Scheck, “After years of growth, renewable-energy investors<br />
pull back from Europe,” Wall Street Journal, 4 February 2016,<br />
http://www.wsj.com/articles/after-years-of-growth-greenenergy-investors-pull-back-from-europe-1454591209;<br />
FS–UNEP<br />
Centre and BNEF, op. cit. note 41; Hinrichs-Rahlwes, op. cit. note<br />
14; Adam Brown, Energy Insights, Paris, personal communication<br />
with REN21, 6 May 2016.<br />
100 The United States installed 5,952 MW of new natural gas-fired<br />
capacity in 2015, per FERC, op. cit. note 87, and added a net<br />
of 6,573.2 GW of natural gas and decommissioned a net of<br />
14,592.5 MW of coal-fired capacity, per US EIA, Electric Power<br />
Monthly with Data for December 2015, op. cit. note 87, Table 6.1.<br />
The country added 7,260 MW of solar PV for a total of 25.6 GW,<br />
from GTM Research and SEIA, US Solar Market Insight: 2015<br />
Year-in-Review, Executive Summary (Washington, DC: March<br />
2016), p. 4; added 110 MW of CSP capacity, from EIA, op. cit. note<br />
87; and added 8,598 MW of wind power capacity from AWEA,<br />
“US Wind Industry 2015 Annual Market Update: US Wind Power<br />
Capacity and Generation Growth in 2015” (Washington, DC: April<br />
2016), http://awea.files.cms-plus.com/Annual%20Report%20<br />
Capacity%20and%20Generation%202015.pdf. Note that both<br />
FERC and EIA report lower capacity additions for solar PV and<br />
wind power because they omit plants with capacity below 1 MW.<br />
All renewables accounted for 62.9% of power capacity added in<br />
2015, led by wind (7,977 MW) and solar (2,042 MW), from FERC,<br />
op. cit. note 87. Note, however, that FERC data include only<br />
2,042 MW of solar power capacity (solar PV plus CSP), and thus<br />
exclude a majority of the solar PV capacity reportedly installed in<br />
2015.<br />
101 Includes estimated generation from distributed solar PV<br />
generation and based on data from US EIA, Electric Power<br />
Monthly with Data for December 2015, op. cit. note 87, Table ES1.B.<br />
102 See Market and Industry Trends chapter.<br />
103 Costa Rican Electricity Institute, cited in “Costa Rica boasts 99%<br />
renewable energy in 2015,” Agence France Presse, 18 December<br />
2015, http://news.yahoo.com/costa-rica-boasts-99-renewableenergy-2015-210416028.html.<br />
Costa Rica generated almost all<br />
(99%) of its electricity with renewable energy, including hydro<br />
(about 75%), geothermal, wind, biomass and solar, from idem. For<br />
Costa Rica, see also Umair Irfan, “German model hard to follow,<br />
even for Germans,” E&E News, 12 May 2016, http://www.eenews.<br />
net/climatewire/2016/05/12/stories/1060037088. Uruguay share<br />
of 92.8% in 2015, from Uruguay Secretary of Energy, Ministerio<br />
de Industria, Energía y Minería, personal communication with<br />
REN21, 29 April 2016. Chile has rapidly surpassed targets,<br />
starting with one calling for 10% renewables by 2024, which it<br />
replaced in 2013 with a target of 20% by 2024 (target surpassed<br />
in 2015), from Lucas Furlano, Fundacion Bariloche, Argentina,<br />
01<br />
RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT<br />
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