26.01.2017 Views

2j7YOwO

2j7YOwO

2j7YOwO

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW<br />

India,” http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/by_country_detail.<br />

cfm/country=IN, updated 17 February 2014, from CSP Today,<br />

op. cit. note 40, updated and viewed continuously on numerous<br />

occasions leading up to 22 April 2016, and from Heba Hashem,<br />

“India’s PV-led solar growth casts eyes on performance of CSP<br />

projects,” CSP Today, 9 November 2015, http://social.csptoday.<br />

com/markets/india%E2%80%99s-pv-led-solar-growth-castseyes-performance-csp-projects.<br />

Italy: Hydropower from Gestore<br />

dei Servizi Energetici (GSE), “Energia da fonti rinnovabili in Italia,<br />

Dati preliminari 2015,” 29 February 2016, http://www.gse.it/it/<br />

Statistiche/RapportiStatistici/Pagine/default.aspx; wind power<br />

from European Wind Energy Agency (EWEA), Wind in Power:<br />

2015 European Statistics (Brussels: February 2016), p. 4; solar<br />

PV from IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87, and from GSE, op. cit. this<br />

note; bio-power from idem; geothermal power from idem and<br />

from GEA database, op. cit. note 87; CSP (all pilots) from NREL,<br />

“Concentrating solar power projects in Italy,” http://www.nrel.<br />

gov/csp/solarpaces/by_country_detail.cfm/country=IT, updated<br />

17 February 2014, and from CSP Today, op. cit. note 40, updated<br />

and viewed continuously on numerous occasions leading up to<br />

22 April 2016; ocean power from OES, op. cit. note 87. Spain:<br />

Hydropower from REE, “Potencia Instalada nacional (MW),” 8<br />

April 2016, www.ree.es; wind power from EWEA, op. cit. this note;<br />

solar PV from IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87; bio-power from REE,<br />

op. cit. note 31, p. 5; Crespo, op. cit. note 40; also from REE, op.<br />

cit. note 31, p. 5; ocean power from OES, op. cit. note 87. Figure 4<br />

based on sources in this note and in Endnote 88, and on data for<br />

EU, BRICS and world available throughout this report, including<br />

Reference Tables R1 and R2 and associated endnotes.<br />

90 Based on data and sources in previous endnotes in this section<br />

for Germany and Spain, population data for 2014 from World<br />

Bank, “Population, total,” World Development Indicators, http://<br />

data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL, updated 17 February<br />

2016, data gathered from various sources throughout this report<br />

for more than 50 countries, and from the following: Denmark<br />

based on wind power from EWEA, op. cit. note 89, p. 4; solar<br />

PV from IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87; bio-power based on IRENA,<br />

op. cit. note 40, and on 2014 data from Energistyrelsen, Danish<br />

Energy Agency (DEA), provided by Silas Alvin Petersen, Centre<br />

for Supply at DEA to Ines Aria, Euroheat on behalf of REN21,<br />

personal communication with REN21, 28 April 2016. Sweden<br />

based on wind power from EWEA, op. cit. note 89; solar PV from<br />

IEA PVPS, op. cit. note 87; bio-power from Swedish Bioenergy<br />

Association, Biokraft 2015, https://www.svebio.se/sites/<br />

default/files/Biokraftkartan2015_web_0.pdf, from “17 Mjölby-<br />

Svartådalens Energi, Mjölby,” http://www.mse.se/produkter/<br />

fjarrvarme/kvv/Sidor/default.aspx and from “27 Tekniska<br />

Verken, Linköping,” http://www.energinyheter.se/2016/03/<br />

lejonpannan-blir-tekniska-verkens-nya-skyltf-nster, all provided<br />

by Robert Fischer, Consultancy for Sustainable Energy Systems<br />

(C4SES), Sweden, personal communication with REN21, 25<br />

April 2016; ocean power from OES, op. cit. note 87. Portugal<br />

based on EWEA, op. cit. note 89; solar PV from IEA PVPS, op.<br />

cit. note 87, from Directorate General for Energy and Geology<br />

(DGEG) website, http://www.dgeg.pt, and from DGEG country<br />

contributor, personal communication with REN21, February 2016;<br />

bio-power from DGEG, op. cit. this note; geothermal power from<br />

GEA database, op. cit. note 87; ocean power from OES, op. cit.<br />

note 87.<br />

91 Leadership in bioenergy from GlobalData, cited in 25x’25,<br />

“China pushed global renewable installed capacity<br />

past 900 GWs in 2015,” Weekly REsource, 15 January<br />

2016, http://www.25x25.org/index.php?option=com_<br />

content&task=view&id=1327&Itemid=246; China added 830<br />

MW in 2015, per Zhang, op. cit. note 87. See Market and Industry<br />

Trends chapter for more details and sources about added<br />

capacities and rankings. Curtailment from, for example, Max<br />

Dupuy and Wang Xuan, “China’s string of new policies addressing<br />

renewable energy curtailment: an update,” Regulatory Assistance<br />

Project, 8 April 2016, http://www.raponline.org/featured-work/<br />

chinas-string-of-new-policies-addressing-renewable-energycurtailment-an,<br />

and from Feifei Shen, “China’s grid operator<br />

blames bad planning for idled renewable energy,” Renewable<br />

Energy World, 1 April 2016, http://www.renewableenergyworld.<br />

com/articles/2016/04/china-s-grid-operator-blames-badplanning-for-idled-renewable-energy.html.<br />

92 For details on hydropower, solar PV and wind power capacity<br />

in India and Japan, see relevant sections in Market and Industry<br />

Trends chapter.<br />

93 See Market and Industry Trends chapter.<br />

94 Malaysia for hydropower and solar PV; Pakistan for solar PV and<br />

wind power; Philippines for geothermal, wind power and solar PV;<br />

Republic of Korea for tidal, wind and solar PV; Thailand for wind<br />

and solar PV; Vietnam for hydropower and solar PV. See relevant<br />

sections in Market and Industry Trends chapter; IEA PVPS, op. cit.<br />

note 87; and GWEC, op. cit. note 28, p. 11.<br />

95 EWEA, op. cit. note 89, pp. 3, 6, 7.<br />

96 Ibid., p. 8. Renewable energy accounted for 28.7% of Europe’s<br />

power generation in 2015, followed by nuclear (26.8%) and<br />

coal (hard coal 15.6% and lignite 10.4%), with gas, oil and other<br />

conventional sources accounting for the remaining 18.3%, from<br />

Agora Energiewende, Energy Transition in the Power Sector<br />

in Europe: State of Affairs in 2015 (Berlin: April 2016), pp. 1, 31,<br />

https://www.agora-energiewende.de/fileadmin/Projekte/2016/<br />

EU-Review_2015/Agora_State_of_Affairs_EU_2015_WEB.pdf.<br />

97 Scotland’s share was estimated at the equivalent of 57.5% of<br />

Scotland’s power needs, from UK Department of Energy and<br />

Climate Change, cited in Scott McCulloch, “Renewables met<br />

57% of Scotland’s electricity demand in 2015,” Daily Record, 31<br />

March 2016, http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/business/businessenergy/report-renewables-met-57-scotlands-7663188;<br />

Cassie<br />

Werber, “The UK is now producing a quarter of its electricity from<br />

renewables,” Quartz, 1 April 2016, http://qz.com/652609/the-ukis-now-producing-a-quarter-of-its-electricity-from-renewables/.<br />

98 Preliminary statistics from BMWi, Erneuerbare Energien in<br />

Deutschland, op. cit. note 87, and from BMWi, Zeitreihen zur<br />

Entwicklung der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland…, op. cit.<br />

note 87.<br />

99 Justin Scheck, “After years of growth, renewable-energy investors<br />

pull back from Europe,” Wall Street Journal, 4 February 2016,<br />

http://www.wsj.com/articles/after-years-of-growth-greenenergy-investors-pull-back-from-europe-1454591209;<br />

FS–UNEP<br />

Centre and BNEF, op. cit. note 41; Hinrichs-Rahlwes, op. cit. note<br />

14; Adam Brown, Energy Insights, Paris, personal communication<br />

with REN21, 6 May 2016.<br />

100 The United States installed 5,952 MW of new natural gas-fired<br />

capacity in 2015, per FERC, op. cit. note 87, and added a net<br />

of 6,573.2 GW of natural gas and decommissioned a net of<br />

14,592.5 MW of coal-fired capacity, per US EIA, Electric Power<br />

Monthly with Data for December 2015, op. cit. note 87, Table 6.1.<br />

The country added 7,260 MW of solar PV for a total of 25.6 GW,<br />

from GTM Research and SEIA, US Solar Market Insight: 2015<br />

Year-in-Review, Executive Summary (Washington, DC: March<br />

2016), p. 4; added 110 MW of CSP capacity, from EIA, op. cit. note<br />

87; and added 8,598 MW of wind power capacity from AWEA,<br />

“US Wind Industry 2015 Annual Market Update: US Wind Power<br />

Capacity and Generation Growth in 2015” (Washington, DC: April<br />

2016), http://awea.files.cms-plus.com/Annual%20Report%20<br />

Capacity%20and%20Generation%202015.pdf. Note that both<br />

FERC and EIA report lower capacity additions for solar PV and<br />

wind power because they omit plants with capacity below 1 MW.<br />

All renewables accounted for 62.9% of power capacity added in<br />

2015, led by wind (7,977 MW) and solar (2,042 MW), from FERC,<br />

op. cit. note 87. Note, however, that FERC data include only<br />

2,042 MW of solar power capacity (solar PV plus CSP), and thus<br />

exclude a majority of the solar PV capacity reportedly installed in<br />

2015.<br />

101 Includes estimated generation from distributed solar PV<br />

generation and based on data from US EIA, Electric Power<br />

Monthly with Data for December 2015, op. cit. note 87, Table ES1.B.<br />

102 See Market and Industry Trends chapter.<br />

103 Costa Rican Electricity Institute, cited in “Costa Rica boasts 99%<br />

renewable energy in 2015,” Agence France Presse, 18 December<br />

2015, http://news.yahoo.com/costa-rica-boasts-99-renewableenergy-2015-210416028.html.<br />

Costa Rica generated almost all<br />

(99%) of its electricity with renewable energy, including hydro<br />

(about 75%), geothermal, wind, biomass and solar, from idem. For<br />

Costa Rica, see also Umair Irfan, “German model hard to follow,<br />

even for Germans,” E&E News, 12 May 2016, http://www.eenews.<br />

net/climatewire/2016/05/12/stories/1060037088. Uruguay share<br />

of 92.8% in 2015, from Uruguay Secretary of Energy, Ministerio<br />

de Industria, Energía y Minería, personal communication with<br />

REN21, 29 April 2016. Chile has rapidly surpassed targets,<br />

starting with one calling for 10% renewables by 2024, which it<br />

replaced in 2013 with a target of 20% by 2024 (target surpassed<br />

in 2015), from Lucas Furlano, Fundacion Bariloche, Argentina,<br />

01<br />

RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT<br />

193

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!