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REFERENCE TABLES Table R3. Biofuels Global Production, Top 16 Countries and EU-28, 2015 COUNTRY ETHANOL BIODIESEL HVO 1 TOTAL CHANGE RELATIVE TO 2014 billion litres United States 56.1 4.8 1.2 62.1 +2.0 Brazil 30 3.9 32.3 +2.6 Germany 0.9 2.8 3.8 -0.6 Netherlands 0.4 1.5 1.7 3.5 +0.8 France 0.9 2.4 0.1 3.4 +0.3 China 2.8 0.4 3.1 -0.4 Argentina 0.8 2.1 2.9 -0.7 Thailand 1.2 1.2 2.4 +0.2 Singapore ~0 1.0 1.2 2.2 +0.3 Canada 1.7 0.3 2.0 no change Indonesia 0.1 1.7 1.8 -1.2 Spain 0.5 0.6 0.2 1.3 no change Colombia 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.0 no change Belgium 0.6 0.4 1.0 no change India 0.7 0.1 0.8 +0.3 Malaysia ~0 0.7 0.7 +0.2 EU-28 4.1 11.5 2.5 16.1 +0.6 World 98.3 30.1 4.9 130.7 4.5 1 Hydrotreated vegetable oil Note: All figures are rounded to the nearest 0.1 billion litres; comparison column notes “no change” if difference is less than 0.05 billion litres; ~0 denotes production below 50 million litres. Ethanol numbers are for fuel ethanol only. Table ranking is by total volumes of biofuel produced in 2015, and not by energy content. Where numbers do not add up, it is due to rounding. Ethanol data were converted from cubic metres to litres using 1,000 litres/cubic metre; biodiesel data were converted from units of 1,000 tonnes using a density value for biodiesel to give 1,136 litres per tonne based on U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide, Fourth Edition (Golden, CO: 2009), http://www.biodiesel.org/docs/using-hotline/nrel-handling-and-use. pdf?sfvrsn=4. HVO data were converted from tonnes to litres using a conversion factor of 780 kg/m 3 , from Neste Oil, Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) – Premium Renewable Biofuel for Diesel Engines (Espoo, Finland: February 2015), https://www.neste.com/sites/default/files/attachments/neste_renewable_diesel_handbook.pdf. Data can vary considerably across sources. For more information, see Bioenergy section in Market and Industry Trends chapter and related endnotes. Source: See endnote 3 for this section. 142
Table R4. Geothermal Power Global Capacity and Additions, Top Six Countries, 2015 TOP COUNTRIES BY ADDITIONS ADDED 2015 MW TOTAL END-2015 GW Turkey 159 0.6 United States 71 3.6 Mexico 53 1.1 Kenya 20 0.6 Japan 7 0.5 Germany 6 0.04 TOP COUNTRIES BY TOTAL CAPACITY United States 71 3.6 Philippines – 1.9 Indonesia – 1.4 Mexico 53 1.1 New Zealand – 1.0 Italy – 0.9 World Total 315 13.2 Source: See endnote 4 for this section. RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 143
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RENEWABLES 2016 GLOBAL STATUS REPOR
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GSR 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword
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Figures Figure 1. Estimated Renewab
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FOREWORD The year 2015 was an extra
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RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT (GS
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Note: Some individuals have contrib
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Sweden Robert Fischer (University o
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REVIEWERS AND OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Sh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GLOBAL OVERVIEW A
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RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS 2015 IN
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TOP FIVE COUNTRIES Annual investmen
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SOLAR PV: Record deployment and rap
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INVESTMENT FLOWS A new record high;
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01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW The year 2015 wa
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markets, policy changes and uncerta
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Sidebar 1. Regional Spotlight: Sout
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Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacitie
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also are growing, as are wind turbi
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n Latin America: Biomass-based heat
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n Africa: Although biofuel producti
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JOBS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY Table 1. E
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02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BIOMA
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BIOMASS ENERGY Figure 7. Shares of
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China, the third largest ethanol pr
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concluded long-term offtake agreeme
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GEOTHERMAL POWER Figure XX. Figure
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GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Low natural gas
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HYDROPOWER Figure 12. Hydropower Gl
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OCEAN ENERGY OCEAN ENERGY MARKETS O
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Country of Spain, the first commerc
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7.3 GW was installed, for a total o
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Figure 16. Solar PV Capacity and Ad
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SOLAR PV INDUSTRY The solar PV indu
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Sharp - in the storage market by in
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CSP INDUSTRY It was a watershed yea
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SOLAR THERMAL HEATING AND COOLING F
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SOLAR THERMAL HEATING/COOLING INDUS
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WIND POWER WIND POWER MARKETS Wind
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WIND POWER Figure 23. Wind Power Gl
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WIND POWER INDUSTRY The wind power
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Sidebar 3. Renewable Power Technolo
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Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
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Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
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03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR
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through renewables-based mini-grids
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Page 93 and 94: INVESTMENT AND FINANCING The year 2
Page 95 and 96: The market for PAYG solar - micro-p
Page 97 and 98: in 2015. In 2014, GACC projected th
Page 99 and 100: 04 INVESTMENT FLOWS Global new inve
Page 101 and 102: INVESTMENT BY ECONOMY The shift in
Page 103 and 104: INVESTMENT BY TECHNOLOGY Solar powe
Page 105 and 106: SOURCES OF INVESTMENT Debt makes up
Page 107 and 108: 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE Nearly all coun
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Page 111 and 112: Specific commitments to renewable h
Page 113 and 114: Figure 39. Countries with Renewable
Page 115 and 116: Three US states took steps to expan
Page 117 and 118: volume requirements that were an in
Page 119 and 120: Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 121 and 122: Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 123 and 124: 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY GLOBAL OVERVIE
Page 125 and 126: MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BUILDING
Page 127 and 128: States, new dishwashers use 40% les
Page 129 and 130: 1990 and 2008, design-related effic
Page 131 and 132: The Green Climate Fund included in
Page 133 and 134: appliances, and the country also ha
Page 135 and 136: 07 FEATURE: COMMUNITY RENEWABLE ENE
Page 137 and 138: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES Organisat
Page 139 and 140: e a successful means for addressing
Page 141: Table R2. Renewable Electric Power
Page 145 and 146: Table R6. Solar PV Global Capacity
Page 147 and 148: Table R8. Solar Water Heating Colle
Page 149 and 150: Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
Page 151 and 152: Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
Page 153 and 154: Table R11. Population Relying on Tr
Page 155 and 156: Table R12. Programmes Furthering En
Page 157 and 158: Table R12. Programmes Furthering En
Page 159 and 160: Table R13. Networks Furthering Ener
Page 161 and 162: Table R15. Share of Primary and Fin
Page 163 and 164: Table R15. Share of Primary and Fin
Page 165 and 166: Table R17. Share of Electricity Gen
Page 167 and 168: Table R17. Share of Electricity Gen
Page 169 and 170: Table R18. Renewable Energy Targets
Page 171 and 172: Table R19. Targets for Renewable Po
Page 177 and 178: Table R20. Cumulative Number 1 of C
Page 179 and 180: Table R21. Cumulative Number 1 of C
Page 181 and 182: Table R23. Heating and Cooling from
Page 183 and 184: Table R25. National and State/Provi
Page 185 and 186: Table R26. City and Local Renewable
Page 187 and 188: ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW unfccc-
Page 189 and 190: ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW bbc.com
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW India,
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW persona
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW which o
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW http://
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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRE
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ENDNOTES 03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE E
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ENDNOTES 03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE E
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE POLICY
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE “Res
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE 2015,
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ENDNOTES 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY blog_
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ENDNOTES 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY go.jp
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ENDNOTES 07 FEATURE Programme, 2013
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES 2016); so
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES FTI Consu
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NOTES 4. Bio-power Data Given exist
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GLOSSARY projects vary in technolog
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GLOSSARY Labelling. System in which
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GLOSSARY Vehicle fuel standards. Ru
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PHOTO CREDITS page 9 SAIREC, South
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