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REFERENCE TABLES Table R1. Global Renewable Energy Capacity and Biofuel Production, 2015 ADDED DURING 2015 EXISTING AT END-2015 POWER GENERATION (GW) Bio-power 5.5 106 Geothermal power 0.3 13.2 Hydropower 28 1,064 Ocean power ~0 0.5 Solar PV 50 227 Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) 0.4 4.8 Wind power 63 433 HEATING / HOT WATER (GW th) Modern bio-heat 10 315 Geothermal direct use 1.2 22 Solar collectors for water heating 1 27 435 TRANSPORT FUELS (billion litres / year) Ethanol production 3.8 98 Biodiesel production -0.3 30 Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) 0.9 4.9 1 Additions are net and do not include air collectors. Data are preliminary estimates. Note: Numbers are rounded to nearest GW/GWth/billion litres, except for numbers
Table R2. Renewable Electric Power Global Capacity, Top Regions/Countries, 2015 Global EU-28 BRICS 1 China United States Germany Japan India Italy Spain TECHNOLOGY GW GW Bio-power 106 36 31 10.3 16.7 7.1 4.8 5.6 4.1 1 Geothermal power 13.2 1 0.1 ~0 3.6 ~0 0.5 0 0.9 0 Hydropower 1,064 126 484 296 80 5.6 22 47 18 17 Ocean power 0.5 0.3 ~0 ~0 0 0 0 0 0 ~0 Solar PV 227 95 50 44 26 40 34 5.2 18.9 5.4 Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) 4.8 2.3 0.4 ~0 1.7 ~0 0 0.2 ~0 2.3 Wind power 433 142 180 145 74 45 3 25 9 23 Total renewable power capacity including hydropower 1,849 402 746 496 202 97 65 83 51 49 Total renewable power capacity (not including hydropower) 785 276 262 199 122 92 43 36 33 32 Per capita capacity (kilowatts per inhabitant, not including hydropower) 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.03 0.5 0.7 1 The five BRICS countries are Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa. Note: Global total reflects additional countries not shown. Table shows the top seven countries by total renewable power capacity, not including hydropower; if hydropower were included, countries and rankings would differ somewhat (the top seven would be China, United States, Brazil, Germany, Canada, India and Japan). Numbers are based on best data available at time of production. To account for uncertainties and inconsistencies in available data, numbers are rounded to the nearest 1 GW, with the exception of the following: capacity totals below 20 GW and per capita totals are rounded to the nearest decimal point (except for India, which is rounded to the nearest 0.01 kW). Where totals do not add up, the difference is due to rounding. Capacity amounts of
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RENEWABLES 2016 GLOBAL STATUS REPOR
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GSR 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword
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Figures Figure 1. Estimated Renewab
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FOREWORD The year 2015 was an extra
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RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT (GS
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Note: Some individuals have contrib
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Sweden Robert Fischer (University o
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REVIEWERS AND OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Sh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GLOBAL OVERVIEW A
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RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS 2015 IN
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TOP FIVE COUNTRIES Annual investmen
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SOLAR PV: Record deployment and rap
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INVESTMENT FLOWS A new record high;
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01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW The year 2015 wa
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markets, policy changes and uncerta
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Sidebar 1. Regional Spotlight: Sout
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Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacitie
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also are growing, as are wind turbi
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n Latin America: Biomass-based heat
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n Africa: Although biofuel producti
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JOBS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY Table 1. E
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02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BIOMA
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BIOMASS ENERGY Figure 7. Shares of
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China, the third largest ethanol pr
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concluded long-term offtake agreeme
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GEOTHERMAL POWER Figure XX. Figure
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GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Low natural gas
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HYDROPOWER Figure 12. Hydropower Gl
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OCEAN ENERGY OCEAN ENERGY MARKETS O
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Country of Spain, the first commerc
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7.3 GW was installed, for a total o
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Figure 16. Solar PV Capacity and Ad
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SOLAR PV INDUSTRY The solar PV indu
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Sharp - in the storage market by in
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CSP INDUSTRY It was a watershed yea
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SOLAR THERMAL HEATING AND COOLING F
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SOLAR THERMAL HEATING/COOLING INDUS
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WIND POWER WIND POWER MARKETS Wind
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WIND POWER Figure 23. Wind Power Gl
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WIND POWER INDUSTRY The wind power
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Sidebar 3. Renewable Power Technolo
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Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
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Investment Cost R USD min max wa Ca
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03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR
Page 89 and 90: through renewables-based mini-grids
Page 91 and 92: India Tanzania Kenya Ethiopia 661,6
Page 93 and 94: INVESTMENT AND FINANCING The year 2
Page 95 and 96: The market for PAYG solar - micro-p
Page 97 and 98: in 2015. In 2014, GACC projected th
Page 99 and 100: 04 INVESTMENT FLOWS Global new inve
Page 101 and 102: INVESTMENT BY ECONOMY The shift in
Page 103 and 104: INVESTMENT BY TECHNOLOGY Solar powe
Page 105 and 106: SOURCES OF INVESTMENT Debt makes up
Page 107 and 108: 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE Nearly all coun
Page 109 and 110: spearheaded by UNIDO, is designed t
Page 111 and 112: Specific commitments to renewable h
Page 113 and 114: Figure 39. Countries with Renewable
Page 115 and 116: Three US states took steps to expan
Page 117 and 118: volume requirements that were an in
Page 119 and 120: Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 121 and 122: Table 4. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 123 and 124: 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY GLOBAL OVERVIE
Page 125 and 126: MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BUILDING
Page 127 and 128: States, new dishwashers use 40% les
Page 129 and 130: 1990 and 2008, design-related effic
Page 131 and 132: The Green Climate Fund included in
Page 133 and 134: appliances, and the country also ha
Page 135 and 136: 07 FEATURE: COMMUNITY RENEWABLE ENE
Page 137 and 138: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES Organisat
Page 139: e a successful means for addressing
Page 143 and 144: Table R4. Geothermal Power Global C
Page 145 and 146: Table R6. Solar PV Global Capacity
Page 147 and 148: Table R8. Solar Water Heating Colle
Page 149 and 150: Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
Page 151 and 152: Table R10. Electricity Access by Re
Page 153 and 154: Table R11. Population Relying on Tr
Page 155 and 156: Table R12. Programmes Furthering En
Page 157 and 158: Table R12. Programmes Furthering En
Page 159 and 160: Table R13. Networks Furthering Ener
Page 161 and 162: Table R15. Share of Primary and Fin
Page 163 and 164: Table R15. Share of Primary and Fin
Page 165 and 166: Table R17. Share of Electricity Gen
Page 167 and 168: Table R17. Share of Electricity Gen
Page 169 and 170: Table R18. Renewable Energy Targets
Page 171 and 172: Table R19. Targets for Renewable Po
Page 177 and 178: Table R20. Cumulative Number 1 of C
Page 179 and 180: Table R21. Cumulative Number 1 of C
Page 181 and 182: Table R23. Heating and Cooling from
Page 183 and 184: Table R25. National and State/Provi
Page 185 and 186: Table R26. City and Local Renewable
Page 187 and 188: ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW unfccc-
Page 189 and 190: ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW bbc.com
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW 76 See
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW India,
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW persona
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW which o
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ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW http://
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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRE
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ENDNOTES 03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE E
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ENDNOTES 03 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE E
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE POLICY
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE “Res
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ENDNOTES 05 POLICY LANDSCAPE 2015,
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ENDNOTES 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY blog_
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ENDNOTES 06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY go.jp
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ENDNOTES 07 FEATURE Programme, 2013
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES 2016); so
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ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES FTI Consu
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NOTES 4. Bio-power Data Given exist
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GLOSSARY projects vary in technolog
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GLOSSARY Labelling. System in which
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GLOSSARY Vehicle fuel standards. Ru
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PHOTO CREDITS page 9 SAIREC, South
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