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06 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
integration of renewable energy in the long term, while emphasising
the important role of energy savings and energy efficiency. 100
Tanzania issued a draft plan to promote energy efficiency in
various sectors and increase the contribution of renewable energy
to the electricity generation mix. 101 Additionally, a Demand Side
Management Campaigns Unit was created within TANESCO
(Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited) to build awareness
of peak load management among large power consumers and
to install power factor correctors. 102 Rwanda’s grid system lossreduction
plan proposes an investment of USD 60 million to
reduce losses from 23% to 15% (which would produce capacity
savings equivalent to constructing a 15 MW power plant). The
country’s Energy Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP) also calls for the
development of solar water heater regulations and a dedicated
demand-side management unit within its power utility. 103
A few countries also developed national roadmaps and plans
focusing specifically on energy efficiency. For example, the
Philippines’ Energy Efficiency Roadmap 2014–2030 aims for a
40% reduction in energy intensity over that period, calling for a
1.6% annual reduction in energy consumption against baseline
forecasts and energy savings of approximately 10.7 million tonnes
of oil equivalent per year by 2030 (all relative to a 2010 baseline).
This was followed by the Philippines’ National Energy Efficiency
and Conservation Action Plan 2016–2020, which outlines
initiatives to expand on those in the Roadmap. 104
of energy service companies. 109 In Kenya, Energy Management
Regulations (2012) mandate that consumers of more than
180,000 kWh annually conduct energy audits every three years. 110
In 2014, Austria adopted the Federal Energy Efficiency Act, setting
the national target for the country’s final energy consumption not
to exceed 1.05 PJ in 2020. 111 As of January 2015, energy suppliers
in Austria are required to implement demonstrable measures to
increase energy efficiency to achieve the targeted annual increase
in efficiency of 0.6% through an energy-savings obligation system;
large-scale consumers must implement an energy management
system or otherwise face an energy audit every four years, while
small and medium consumers can participate voluntarily. 112
A number of new policies in the United States focused on
the buildings sector. The national-level Energy Efficiency
Improvement Act was enacted into law in 2015, promoting energy
efficiency in commercial buildings; establishing new regulations
for smart grid-enabled water heaters; ensuring public disclosure
of building energy performance and usage; and establishing
efficiency requirements for building space leased by any federal
agency. 113 Atlanta (Georgia) and Portland (Oregon) became the
12th and 13th US cities to adopt energy efficiency benchmarking
through policies to improve building energy performance. 114
To achieve their energy efficiency targets, governments are
introducing new regulations or updating existing ones to drive
efficiency improvements. In order to comply with the EU target for
energy efficiency improvement, a number of EU Member States
are implementing various regulatory measures. For example,
Luxembourg modified existing regulations on building energy
performance to comply with directive 2010/31/EU. 105 Hungary
adopted a National Building Energy Performance Strategy
2015–2020 that established primary energy-saving targets to be
achieved through buildings refurbishment and introduced stricter
requirements for the cumulative primary energy performance for
buildings – while also promoting the use of renewable energy
sources for heating and cooling in buildings (e.g., solar collectors,
biomass and heat pumps). 106
In late 2015, the Energy Community Ministerial Council adopted
EU Directive 2012/27/EU, setting a 20% energy efficiency target
for 2020 within the Energy Community i and paving the way
for additional improvements in the future, while also including
consideration of increasing renewables. As in the EU, the
Energy Community Directive requires Contracting Parties to
adopt energy savings obligation schemes for energy distribution
and retail companies; to enact policies to improve efficiency
in heating and cooling and to advance co-generation; and to
establish annual targets for the renovation of central government
buildings. Notably, efficient heating and cooling in the Directive
includes the use of renewable energy sources and the reduction
of non-renewable primary energy. 107
Also in 2015, Belarus updated its energy efficiency legislation to
improve data, monitoring, education, training and international
collaboration. 108 Kazakhstan amended its Law on Energy
Efficiency (2012) to provide more legal details on the functioning
Standards and labelling programmes are the primary tools used
to improve the efficiency of a variety of appliances and other
energy-consuming products. As of end-2015, such programmes
were operational in at least 80 countries and covered more than
50 types of commercial, industrial and residential appliances and
equipment. 115 Developments in 2015 include an update to the EU
Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for low-voltage
motors and transformers, with the enactment of more-stringent
energy efficiency requirements. 116
Kenya adopted its Energy Bill to (among other things) establish
a designated agency that is responsible for energy efficiency
improvements, including the adoption or development of
standards (notably, the Energy Bill is also designed to clarify
issues related to the ownership of renewable energy sources
and licensing and to establish a feed-in-tariff system). 117 Kenya’s
standards and labelling programme proposes MEPS for a range of
i Members of the Energy Community include the EU and eight Contracting Parties: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, the former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine. As of April 2016, Armenia, Georgia, Norway and Turkey participated as Observers.
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