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05 POLICY LANDSCAPE Table 4. Renewable Energy Support Policies (continued) COUNTRY REGULATORY POLICIES FISCAL INCENTIVES AND PUBLIC FINANCING Renewable energy targets Feed-in tariff / premium payment Electric utility quota obligation / RPS Net metering / net billing Transport obligation / mandate Heat obligation/ mandate Tradable REC Tendering i Capital subsidy, grant, or rebate Investment or production tax credits Reductions in sales, energy, VAT or other taxes Energy production payment Public investment, loans, or grants UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES Albania ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Algeria R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Angola ◦ ◦ Azerbaijan ◦ ◦ Belarus ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Belize R ◦ Bosnia and Herzegovina R ◦ ◦ ◦ Botswana ◦ ◦ ◦ Brazil R R R • ◦ R ◦ Bulgaria ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ China R R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Colombia ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Costa Rica R R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Dominican Republic ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Ecuador ◦ R R ◦ ◦ ◦ Fiji ◦ ◦ ◦ Grenada R ◦ ◦ Iran ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Jamaica ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Jordan R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ R ◦ Kazakhstan ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Lebanon R ◦ ◦ ◦ Libya ◦ ◦ Macedonia, Republic of ◦ ◦ Malaysia ◦ R ◦ R ◦ ◦ Maldives ◦ ◦ ◦ Marshall Islands ◦ ◦ Mauritius ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Mexico R ◦ ◦ ◦ Mongolia R ◦ ◦ Montenegro ◦ ◦ Namibia R ◦ Palau ◦ ◦ Panama ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Paraguay ◦ ◦ Peru ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Romania ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Serbia ◦ ◦ ◦ South Africa ◦ ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ St. Lucia ◦ ◦ ◦ St. Vincent and the Grenadines¹ ◦ ◦ Thailand R R R ◦ ◦ ◦ Tunisia R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Turkey R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ¹ Certain Caribbean countries have adopted hybrid net metering and feed-in policies whereby residential consumers can offset power while commercial consumers are obligated to feed 100% of the power generated into the grid. These policies are defined as net metering for the purposes of the GSR. ² Spain removed FIT support for new projects in 2012. Incentives for projects that previously had qualified for FIT support continue to be revised. ³ State-level targets in the United States include RPS policies. ⁴ The area of the State of Palestine is included in the World Bank country classification as “West Bank and Gaza.” They have been placed in the table using the 2009 “Occupied Palestinian Territory” GNI per capita provided by the United Nations (USD 1,483). Source: See endnote 1 for this section. Note: Countries are organised according to annual gross national income (GNI) per capita levels as follows: “high” is USD 12,736 or more, “upper-middle” is USD 4,126 to USD 12,735, “lower-middle” is USD 1,046 to USD 4,125 and “low” is USD 1,045 or less. Per capita income levels and group classifications from World Bank, “Country and Lending Groups,” http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-andlending-groups, viewed January 2016. Only enacted policies are included in the table; however, for some policies shown, implementing regulations may not yet be developed or effective, leading to lack of implementation or impacts. Policies known to be discontinued have been omitted or marked as removed or expired. Many feed-in policies are limited in scope of technology. 120 i Tendering column includes all countries that have held tenders. Tenders held in 2015 are denoted with a star.
Table 4. Renewable Energy Support Policies (continued) COUNTRY REGULATORY POLICIES FISCAL INCENTIVES AND PUBLIC FINANCING Renewable energy targets Feed-in tariff / premium payment Electric utility quota obligation / RPS Net metering / net billing Transport obligation / mandate Heat obligation/ mandate Tradable REC Tendering i Capital subsidy, grant, or rebate Investment or production tax credits Reductions in sales, energy, VAT or other taxes Energy production payment Public investment, loans, or grants LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES Armenia ◦ ◦ Bangladesh R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Cabo Verde R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Cameroon ◦ Côte d’Ivoire R ◦ ◦ Egypt ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ El Salvador ◦ R ◦ ◦ Ghana R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Guatemala R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Guyana R ◦ Honduras ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ India R ◦ ◦ R* R • ◦ ◦ ◦ R ◦ ◦ Indonesia R ◦ ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Iraq Kenya ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Kyrgyz Republic ◦ ◦ ◦ Lesotho R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Micronesia, Federated States of ◦ • Moldova ◦ ◦ ◦ Morocco R ◦ ◦ Myanmar R ◦ Nicaragua ◦ ◦ ◦ R ◦ ◦ Nigeria ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Pakistan ◦ R ◦ ◦ • R ◦ Palestine, State of⁴ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Philippines ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Senegal R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Sri Lanka ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Sudan R ◦ Syria ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Tajikistan ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Ukraine ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ R ◦ Uzbekistan ◦ Vanuatu R ◦ ◦ Vietnam ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Zambia ◦ ◦ ◦ LOW INCOME COUNTRIES Burkina Faso ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Ethiopia ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Gambia ◦ ◦ Guinea R ◦ Haiti R ◦ Liberia R ◦ Madagascar R ◦ Malawi R ◦ ◦ ◦ Mali ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Mozambique ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Nepal ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Niger R ◦ Rwanda ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Tanzania ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Togo R ◦ Uganda R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Zimbabwe ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 05 ◦ EXISTING NATIONAL (could also include subnational) • EXISTING SUB-NATIONAL (but no national) R NEW (one or more policies of this type) REVISED (one or more policies of this type) * NEW SUB-NATIONAL R* REVISED SUB-NATIONAL i Tendering column includes all countries that have held tenders. Tenders held in 2015 are denoted with a star. RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 121
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Table 4. Renewable Energy Support Policies (continued)<br />
COUNTRY<br />
REGULATORY POLICIES<br />
FISCAL INCENTIVES<br />
AND PUBLIC FINANCING<br />
Renewable energy<br />
targets<br />
Feed-in tariff /<br />
premium payment<br />
Electric utility quota<br />
obligation / RPS<br />
Net metering /<br />
net billing<br />
Transport<br />
obligation /<br />
mandate<br />
Heat obligation/<br />
mandate<br />
Tradable REC<br />
Tendering i<br />
Capital subsidy,<br />
grant, or rebate<br />
Investment or<br />
production tax<br />
credits<br />
Reductions in sales,<br />
energy, VAT or<br />
other taxes<br />
Energy production<br />
payment<br />
Public investment,<br />
loans, or grants<br />
LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES<br />
Armenia ◦ ◦<br />
Bangladesh R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Cabo Verde R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Cameroon<br />
◦<br />
Côte d’Ivoire R ◦ ◦<br />
Egypt ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
El Salvador ◦ R ◦ ◦<br />
Ghana R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Guatemala R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Guyana R ◦<br />
Honduras ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
India R ◦ ◦ R* R • ◦ ◦ ◦ R ◦ ◦<br />
Indonesia R ◦ ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Iraq<br />
<br />
Kenya ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Kyrgyz Republic ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Lesotho R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Micronesia, Federated States of ◦ •<br />
Moldova ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Morocco R ◦ ◦<br />
Myanmar R ◦<br />
Nicaragua ◦ ◦ ◦ R ◦ ◦<br />
Nigeria ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Pakistan ◦ R ◦ ◦ • R ◦<br />
Palestine, State of⁴ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Philippines ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Senegal R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Sri Lanka ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Sudan R ◦<br />
Syria ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Tajikistan ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Ukraine ◦ R ◦ ◦ ◦ R ◦<br />
Uzbekistan<br />
◦<br />
Vanuatu R ◦ ◦<br />
Vietnam ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Zambia ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
LOW INCOME COUNTRIES<br />
Burkina Faso ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Ethiopia ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Gambia ◦ ◦<br />
Guinea R ◦<br />
Haiti R ◦<br />
Liberia R ◦<br />
Madagascar R ◦<br />
Malawi R ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Mali ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Mozambique ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Nepal ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Niger R ◦<br />
Rwanda ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Tanzania ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Togo R ◦<br />
Uganda R ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
Zimbabwe ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦<br />
05<br />
◦ EXISTING NATIONAL (could also include subnational)<br />
• EXISTING SUB-NATIONAL (but no national)<br />
<br />
R<br />
NEW (one or more policies of this type)<br />
REVISED (one or more policies of this type)<br />
* NEW SUB-NATIONAL<br />
R* REVISED SUB-NATIONAL<br />
i Tendering column includes all countries that have held tenders. Tenders held in 2015 are denoted with a star.<br />
RENEWABLES 2016 · GLOBAL STATUS REPORT<br />
121