YSM Issue 90.1

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UNDERGRADUATE PROFILE DEVIN CODY (SM’17) IT REALLY IS JUST ROCKET SCIENCE ►BY ELIZABETH RUDDY Ten. Ten Yalies begin the countdown, holding their breath, praying. Nine. A lone rocket sits in an endless expanse of canyonfilled wilderness. Eight. They smile, their eyes never straying from Chronos, awaiting the culmination of their year of work. Seven. Six. The numbers fly, tumbling out of their mouths. Five. Four. Three. The exhilaration builds. Two. All they can do now is watch. One. Devin Cody, now a senior double majoring in Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, remembers that day in June of 2014 clearly. The competition rocket team, a subset of the Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA), launched Chronos, a rocket which they had been developing for months, seven thousand feet into the air, earning second place at the Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition. The objective of their launch was to test general relativity using two atomic clocks. They hoped that the clock in the rocket would tick slower (on the scale of ten trillionths of a second) relative to the clock on the ground due to time dilatation, a physics framework that dictates how time passes differently in different reference frames. Although the data from the clocks was ultimately inconclusive, the launch itself was successful. For Cody, launching Chronos was a thrilling experience. “It was exhilarating to see our rocket fly into the air at close to the speed of sound, just praying that the parachutes would deploy,” said Cody. Since the launch, he has become an active member of the YUAA. He served as one of the group’s co-presidents during his junior year, and he continues to serve as a senior advisor on their executive board this year. PHOTOGRAPHY BY GEORGE ISKANDER ►Devin Cody serves as a senior advisor on the Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association’s executive board. During his sophomore year, Cody was selected to lead a YUAA project to build a radio telescope. He drew on his experiences from the previous summer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in West Virginia, where he helped improve the accuracy of telescopes by developing code to both detect and correct errors and malfunctions. At Yale, Cody’s 16 person team designed and built an 8 foot telescope, complete with a mount, receiver, and control code. “That was a really cool project for me because I got to work with some incredible engineers at Yale and with people who became some of my closest friends,” said Cody. The telescope currently sits on the roof of the Yale Leitner Observatory and Planetarium. Cody’s favorite research, however, was the work he did this summer with the Avionics and Hardware Engineering group of SpaceX, a private company currently pushing the boundaries of aerospace technology. SpaceX aims to bring down the cost of access to space by developing technology that will enable rocket reusability. At SpaceX, Cody developed an Electromagnetic Compatability (EMC) testing apparatus to test whether a coaxial cable provided adequate shielding. While he was there, Cody tested which shielding mechanisms were the most effective, research that was in great demand by members in other groups within SpaceX. “It was incredible seeing the impact that my work had almost immediately,” said Cody. “I think you realize your work matters when you have people from the other side of the company pushing you to get your work done fast because they need your results to make informed decisions about their work.” Well into his senior year at Yale, Cody is now exploring another passion, quantum computing. Together with Professor Michel Devoret, he is studying quantum bits (qubits) in order to determine their properties. Qubits are similar to regular computer bits— both are small units of data used to store information and execute instructions. However, qubits are used in quantum computers and are potentially capable of more efficient calculations. To investigate, Cody and a graduate student from Devoret’s lab are designing a computationally efficient method of optimizing qubit design. Devin Cody will graduate from Yale this spring with a double major in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering and copious work experience at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, SpaceX, NASA, and the Yale Quantum Institute. When asked about his plans for after Yale, Cody laughed. “It’s a valid question, I don’t have many answers just yet. I’m not entirely sure what I want to do… definitely electrical engineering.” But even within electrical engineering, Cody is certainly not tied to any one area, and it will be fascinating to see in which direction he chooses to launch. 36 Yale Scientific Magazine December 2016 www.yalescientific.org

ALUMNI PROFILE DR. RALPH GRECO, M.D. ‘68 CARING FOR THE CARETAKERS ►BY ANUSHREE AGRAWAL Dr. Ralph Greco, a talented physician at Stanford Medical School, conducts research, but his biggest contribution to the field of medicine does not involve a pipette. Greco’s biggest contributions have been his improvements to the surgical residency program at Stanford. When asked about his motivation for researching resident wellbeing, Ralph Greco recites the chilling story of a promising student’s suicide. This incredibly talented man had graduated from the Stanford program and was completing further training in Chicago when he died. Greco recalls the memorial service he held in his house as particularly somber since the resident had left notes for his parents, recounting the verbal abuse he experienced daily from a surgeon in the program. The history of resident abuse can be charted back to a specific doctor from the 1800s. Greco cites surgeon William Stewart Halsted as the father of both the modern residency program and the cruelty associated with it. Greco’s theory is that Halsted’s implementation of the residency program at Johns Hopkins University had a basis in verbal abuse and authoritarian behavior, likely the result of his cocaine addiction. Because Halsted formally trained the first chairs of many medical schools, the cycle of abusive role models continued. After his resident died, Greco wanted to create a change and prevent further resident abuse. Greco, along with other esteemed academics interested in resident wellbeing at Stanford, began to break the cycle. Stanford was among the first institutions to implement a mandatory 80-hour workweek for residents: a precedent that other medical schools soon followed. He also created the Balance in Life program at Stanford—a program focused on promoting physical, psychological, professional, and social balance among residents through events, mentorships, healthy food and mental health initiatives. Since then, Greco has devoted the latter part of his career to improving the residency system, and he hopes to stop mentors from participating in abusive behavior targeted at residents. Not all medical professionals support Greco’s intentions, however. Greco recognizes that hospitals are reluctant to pour money into resident wellbeing—and into medical schools in general—because they want to maintain their efficiency. He has also had difficulty changing the mindset of doctors who once dealt with abusive behavior themselves. “Just as people who are abused sometimes become abusive parents, and learn to do that, this mindset becomes part of the upbringing,” Greco explains. The cycle is difficult to break. Greco has not limited himself to the pursuit of scientific endeavors. He is also an avid sculptor, and has been since he picked up the IMAGE COURTESY OF RALPH GRECO ►Dr. Ralph Greco is a physician at the Stanford School of Medicine, where he has started the Balance in Life program to improve resident wellbeing. hobby at Princeton when an art teacher “took him under her wing.” Greco now considers stone his favorite medium. Art is extremely important to Greco, and he connects the activity to his focus on resident wellbeing. By pursuing his passion for art, he hopes to model a healthy work-life balance and show residents and doctors that they can make time for the hobbies that they love. He admits that finding this balance is difficult during residency, but creating a foundation for students to have a healthy mindset is critical. Greco cites Yale as an important place that opened doors for him as a physician scientist. He still talks with friends from medical school, and he continues to attend reunions. Greco plans to formally retire from Stanford next year, but he does not anticipate problems with his program after his retirement. He has already recruited the next leader of the program, and Greco is confident that she will continue working to educate residents and improve their lives at work. In retirement, Greco hopes to advance his artistic prowess and continue creating stone sculptures, although he does point out that stone is not the lightest material to work with. www.yalescientific.org December 2016 Yale Scientific Magazine 37

UNDERGRADUATE PROFILE<br />

DEVIN CODY (SM’17)<br />

IT REALLY IS JUST ROCKET SCIENCE<br />

►BY ELIZABETH RUDDY<br />

Ten. Ten Yalies begin the countdown, holding their breath,<br />

praying. Nine. A lone rocket sits in an endless expanse of canyonfilled<br />

wilderness. Eight. They smile, their eyes never straying from<br />

Chronos, awaiting the culmination of their year of work. Seven. Six.<br />

The numbers fly, tumbling out of their mouths. Five. Four. Three.<br />

The exhilaration builds. Two. All they can do now is watch. One.<br />

Devin Cody, now a senior double majoring in Electrical<br />

Engineering and Applied Physics, remembers that day in June<br />

of 2014 clearly. The competition rocket team, a subset of the Yale<br />

Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA), launched Chronos,<br />

a rocket which they had been developing for months, seven thousand<br />

feet into the air, earning second place at the Intercollegiate Rocket<br />

Engineering Competition. The objective of their launch was to test<br />

general relativity using two atomic clocks. They hoped that the clock<br />

in the rocket would tick slower (on the scale of ten trillionths of a<br />

second) relative to the clock on the ground due to time dilatation,<br />

a physics framework that dictates how time passes differently in<br />

different reference frames. Although the data from the clocks was<br />

ultimately inconclusive, the launch itself was successful.<br />

For Cody, launching Chronos was a thrilling experience. “It was<br />

exhilarating to see our rocket fly into the air at close to the speed of<br />

sound, just praying that the parachutes would deploy,” said Cody.<br />

Since the launch, he has become an active member of the YUAA. He<br />

served as one of the group’s co-presidents during his junior year, and<br />

he continues to serve as a senior advisor on their executive board<br />

this year.<br />

PHOTOGRAPHY BY GEORGE ISKANDER<br />

►Devin Cody serves as a senior advisor on the Yale Undergraduate<br />

Aerospace Association’s executive board.<br />

During his sophomore year, Cody was selected to lead a YUAA<br />

project to build a radio telescope. He drew on his experiences from<br />

the previous summer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory<br />

in West Virginia, where he helped improve the accuracy of<br />

telescopes by developing code to both detect and correct errors and<br />

malfunctions. At Yale, Cody’s 16 person team designed and built an<br />

8 foot telescope, complete with a mount, receiver, and control code.<br />

“That was a really cool project for me because I got to work with<br />

some incredible engineers at Yale and with people who became some<br />

of my closest friends,” said Cody. The telescope currently sits on the<br />

roof of the Yale Leitner Observatory and Planetarium.<br />

Cody’s favorite research, however, was the work he did this summer<br />

with the Avionics and Hardware Engineering group of SpaceX,<br />

a private company currently pushing the boundaries of aerospace<br />

technology. SpaceX aims to bring down the cost of access to space by<br />

developing technology that will enable rocket reusability. At SpaceX,<br />

Cody developed an Electromagnetic Compatability (EMC) testing<br />

apparatus to test whether a coaxial cable provided adequate shielding.<br />

While he was there, Cody tested which shielding mechanisms were<br />

the most effective, research that was in great demand by members<br />

in other groups within SpaceX. “It was incredible seeing the impact<br />

that my work had almost immediately,” said Cody. “I think you<br />

realize your work matters when you have people from the other side<br />

of the company pushing you to get your work done fast because they<br />

need your results to make informed decisions about their work.”<br />

Well into his senior year at Yale, Cody is now exploring another<br />

passion, quantum computing. Together with Professor Michel<br />

Devoret, he is studying quantum bits (qubits) in order to determine<br />

their properties. Qubits are similar to regular computer bits—<br />

both are small units of data used to store information and execute<br />

instructions. However, qubits are used in quantum computers and<br />

are potentially capable of more efficient calculations. To investigate,<br />

Cody and a graduate student from Devoret’s lab are designing a<br />

computationally efficient method of optimizing qubit design.<br />

Devin Cody will graduate from Yale this spring with a double<br />

major in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering and copious<br />

work experience at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory,<br />

SpaceX, NASA, and the Yale Quantum Institute. When asked about<br />

his plans for after Yale, Cody laughed. “It’s a valid question, I don’t<br />

have many answers just yet. I’m not entirely sure what I want to<br />

do… definitely electrical engineering.” But even within electrical<br />

engineering, Cody is certainly not tied to any one area, and it will be<br />

fascinating to see in which direction he chooses to launch.<br />

36 Yale Scientific Magazine December 2016 www.yalescientific.org

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