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/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg

Nepal_NHRC_Annual_Report_2072_73_Nep

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<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

<strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

-@)&@—@)&#_<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/, g]kfn


<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

cWoIf<br />

df= cg"k /fh zdf{<br />

;b:ox¿<br />

df= k|sfz j:tL<br />

df= ;'lbk kf7s<br />

df= df]xgf cG;f/L<br />

df= uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn<br />

;lrj<br />

j]b e§/fO{


k|sfzsM /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

kf]=a=g= (!*@, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn<br />

k|sfzg ldltM k'if, @)&#<br />

k|ltM *))<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> gM @)( -s]Gb|Lo sfof{no_<br />

n]cfp6M /fh s'df/ dxh{g<br />

d'b|0fM l;df]g lk|G6;{ P08 6]«8;{<br />

cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+, kmf]g= )!–%@^))#)<br />

;jf{lwsf/M /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] k"j{–:jLs[ltljgf o; <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>nfO{ k'gMpTkf<strong>bg</strong> Pjd\ d'b|0f ug{] u/L ;ª\u|x ug{<br />

cyjf s'g} klg dfWodaf6 k|of]udf Nofpg kfOg] 5}g . jf}l4s tyf z}lIfs k|of]hgfy{<br />

;|f]t v'nfO{ cfjZos c+zx¿ ;fef/ u/L k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg]5 .<br />

;+of]hg<br />

s}nfzs'df/ l;jfsf]6L<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> tof/L ;d"x<br />

sf]if/fh Gof}kfg]<br />

o1k|;fb <strong>clwsf</strong>/L<br />

8f= 6Lsf/fd kf]v/]n<br />

s}nfzs'df/ l;jfsf]6L


dGtJo<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ sf] wf/f @$( -!_ df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f /<br />

;Dj4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] st{Jo x'g]5 egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f<br />

/ kl/k"lt{ /fHosf] klxnf] bfloTj eP tfklg tL bfloTjx¿ /fHon] k"/f u/]–gu/]sf]<br />

af/]df lgu/fgL u/L lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]sf] eP /fHonfO{ pQ/bfoL agfpg] sfd<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ub{5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] o; k|of]hgsf nflu <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yfsf] cg'udg, cg';Gwfg, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lzIffsf] k|j4{g, jsfnt / sfg"gx¿sf]<br />

k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx¿ af/]df /fHonfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 .<br />

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @($ -!_ df ;+j}wlgs lgsfon] cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf/jfxLsf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> /fi6«klt;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 eGg] Joj:yf 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g}<br />

cfkm\gf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . of] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] !& cf}F <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

xf] . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf jif{el/df k/]sf ph"/L, ph"/Lpk/sf 5fgaLg, cg';Gwfg ljj/0f,<br />

;/sf/nfO{ u/]sf l;kmfl/z, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf nflu eljiodf ug'{kg]{<br />

;'wf/;DaGwL ljj/0fx¿ o; <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df ;dfj]z 5g\ . <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] jif{el/<br />

;Dkf<strong>bg</strong> u/]sf sfd sf/afxLsf ;fy} b]zsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f<br />

ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] o; jif{ klg ljutdf em}F <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] nflu<br />

ph"/L lng], cg';Gwfg ug]{, cg'udg ug]{, tflnd, uf]i7L, cGt/lqmof ;~rfng ug]{,<br />

gful/s ;dfh / /fHosf lgsfox¿;Fu ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo ug]{, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwL sfg"gx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{, ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIffsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> tof/<br />

ug]{ / ljleGg ljifout <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>x¿ k|sfzgsf] sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\gf]<br />

sfo{;Dkf<strong>bg</strong>sf] l;nl;nfdf cfjZostf / cf}lrTotfsf] cfwf/df /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no,<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/, cGo ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, /fhgLlts bn, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> cGt/f{li6«o u};;x¿ /<br />

gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;xsfo{;d]t u/]sf] 5 .<br />

g]kfnn] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwsf] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> ug'{sf<br />

;fy} ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"gdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] Joj:yf ug'{ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ug' {h:tf s'/f ;/fxgLo eP klg ;lGw–;Demf}tf / sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjogsf] lx;fan] Tolt ;Gtf]if ug] { cj:yf 5}g . ;lGw ;ldltdf<br />

a'emfpg'kg]{ sltko cfjlws <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>x¿;d]t k]z ePsf 5}gg\ . zflGt–k|lqmof z'?<br />

ePsf] !) jif{ k'lu;Sbf klg cem} lgisif{df k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g'<br />

;'vb\ eP klg sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf] r'gf}tLn] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / kl/k"lt{df<br />

;d]t r'gf}tL ylkPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fkl5 klg /fhgLlts cl:y/tf oyfjt /xg'n]


gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/df gsf/fTds k|efj kg'{sf ;fy} cfly{s, ;fdflhs<br />

tyf ;f+:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ klg cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\ .<br />

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fkZrft\ hf/L ;+ljwfgsf ljifodf bnx¿aLr b]lvPsf] c;xdltsf<br />

sf/0f pTkGg ;d:ofn] gful/ssf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pkef]udf cj/f]w l;h{gf ePsf]<br />

5 . lj/f]w k|bz{gsf qmddf ;'/IffsdL{sf] cTolws an k|of]uaf6 k|bz{gsf/Lsf] d[To'<br />

tyf k|bz{gsf/Laf6 ;'/IffsdL{dfly ePsf] lx+;fTds ultljlwn] dflg;sf] afFRg kfpg]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ g} hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 . ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf cfwf/e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ klg<br />

cem} hf]lvddf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsfx¿dfly ePsf] >d zf]if0f, a9\bf] 3/]n'<br />

lx+;f, aGb x8\tfnh:tf ultljlwn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hghLjgdf kf/]sf] c;/, k|x/L lx/<br />

f;tdf x'g] oftgf, sf/fuf/sf aGbLx¿sf] bogLo cj:Yff, åGå kLl8tn] Gofo kfpg<br />

g;Sg', a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] 5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]u tyf ;To lgl;kmfl/z0f tyf<br />

d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cjlw ;dfKt x'g nfUbf klg tL <strong>cfof</strong>]x¿sf nflu cfjZos sfg"g<br />

/ lgodfjnLx¿ aGg g;Sg', åGåkLl8tsf] oyf]lrt Joj:yf x'g g;Sg', b08xLgtfn]<br />

lg/Gt/tf kfpg'h:tf sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf bogLo b]lvPsf] 5 .<br />

o:t} ;dfhdf hftLo e]befj sfod} /xg', b'u{ddf vfBfGgsf] ;d:of oyfjt /xg',<br />

z}lIfs If]qdf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k / afnaflnsf zflGt If]q eGg] gf/f sfof{Gjog gx'g',<br />

:jf:y ;]jfdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr gx'g', cflbjf;L hghflt, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm, blnt,<br />

dlxnf, h]i7 gful/s, cfk|jf;L sfdbf/, n}+lus tyf of}lgs cNk;ª\Vossf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifssf] ;jfndf /fHon] plrt Wofg l<strong>bg</strong> g;s]sf sf/0f tL<br />

;d'bfosf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ klg hf]lvddf 5g\ . o;}u/L e"sDk uPsf] Ps jif{eGbf a9L ;od<br />

Joltt e};Sbf klg e"sDk k|efljtx¿ cem} cfsfzd'lg a:g afWo 5g\ .<br />

o; jif{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gfTds sfo{x¿af6<br />

ljleGg pknJwLx¿ xfl;n ePsf 5g\ . ph"/Lpk/ lg0f{o, l;kmfl/z, <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>,<br />

hg{n k|sfzg, stf/ / g]kfnsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/aLr j}b]lzs sfdbf/x¿sf] ljifodf<br />

ePsf] ;dembf/Lkq, <strong>cfof</strong>]udf sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] o; cjlwdf u/]sf k|d'v<br />

pknlAw x'g\ . l/Qm /x]sfdWo] o; jif{ pNn]Vo ;ª\Vofdf hgzlQm :yfoL kbk"lt{ ePsf]<br />

5 . o; cljwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 !@ j6f <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, $$ k| ]; lj1lKt / @( j6f k|]; gf]6<br />

hf/L ePsf] 5g\ . o; cfjdf <strong>cfof</strong>]udf hDdf @!( ph"/Lx¿ btf{ ePsf 5g\ . k'/fgf<br />

/ gofF u/L @)* ph"/Ldfly cg';Gwfg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] @$@ k6s cg'udg<br />

ePsf] 5 . !*! j6f ph"/Lx¿sf] lg¿k0f ePsf] 5 . l;kmfl/z ul/Psf @# j6f<br />

ph"/Ldf Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg] pNn]v 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjogdf klg<br />

ljutdfeGbf s]xL k|ult ePsf] 5 .


o; jif{af6 <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\g} hg{nsf] k|sfzg yfngL u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifodf<br />

k|fl1s n]vgnfO{ xf};nf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] æ;a}sf] nflu 3/–3/df <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ M zflGt / ljsf;sf] cfwf/Æ eGg] gf/fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

k|j4{g sfo{nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstfdf /fvL @@^ cf]6f ;Da4{g;DaGwL sfo{x¿ sfo{<br />

u/]sf] 5 . o:t} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu cfa4 ;ª\3;+:yfåf/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht %$ j6f sfo{qmddf<br />

>f]t JolQm÷ljifo lj1, &! j6f sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly÷cltlysf] ¿kdf pkl:ylt<br />

hgfPsf] / @^! j6f sfo{qmddf <strong>cfof</strong>]u ;xefuL x'g'nfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;xsfo{df pknAwLsf]<br />

¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . o:t} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL ljleGg ;fdu|L tyf j[Qlrq lgdf{0f,<br />

k|sfzgsf] sfd klg <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 lg/Gt/ ePsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf] ;dflhs Gofo tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt, ;ef;b\,<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo÷;'/Iff lgsfo, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> k"j{ kbflwsf/L, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{x¿;Fu <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifout<br />

ljifodf s]lGb|t /xL 5nkmn u/]sf] 5 eg] h]i7 gful/s, afnaflnsf, dlxnf, ckfËtf<br />

ePsf JolQm, blnt, kLl8t, ;~rf/sdL{nuot ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljljw d'2f, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] sfo{lbzf cflb ljifodf klg 5nkmn u/]sf] 5 . o:t}<br />

ljgf;sf/L e"sDkaf6 k|efjltx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu k|efljt lhNnfx¿df<br />

cg'udg ug{ g]kfn jf/ Pzf]l;Pzg, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf<br />

dxf;ª\3;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ 3'DtL lzlj/sf] ;~rfng u/L cg'udg u/L<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t k|sfzg ul/;s]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3cGt{utsf lgsfo, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;dGjo ;ldlt / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿sf] Pl;of k|zfGt<br />

d~rnufot bft[ lgsfox¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf, ;b:o / sd{rf/L<br />

txaf6 ;do–;dodf 5nkmn, cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg, tflnd cflbsf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o<br />

e|d0f x'Fb} cfPaf6 cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw la:tf/ x'g'sf] ;fy} /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ¿kdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;, ;r]tgf, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug uPsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;Dkf<strong>bg</strong>sf l;nl;ndf o; jif{ ljleGg r'gf}tLx¿sf] klg ;fdgf<br />

ug'{k/]sf] 5 . b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf, ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg kl/j]z, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/z k"0f{<br />

sfof{Gjog gx'g', <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;+;bdf 5nkmn x'g g;Sg', ;|f]t /<br />

;fwgsf] ;Lldttf, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udg 6f]nLdfly ePsf] ceb| Jojxf/ cflb r'gf}tLsf<br />

¿kdf b]vf k/] . o;}n] <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgdf b]vfk/]sf<br />

c;Gt'li6sf] plrt ;Daf]wg ug{, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/zx¿sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog ug{, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf bf]ifLx¿nfO{ sf/afxL ug{, kLl8tnfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug{, b08xLgtfsf] cGTo<br />

u/L sfg"gL zf;gsf] ;Ddfg ug{, zflGt;'/Iff / ;'Joj:yfsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{,


åGåkLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> Joj:yflksf–;+;b\df k]z u/L 5nkmn<br />

u/fpg / <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ ef}lts ;|f]t–;fwg ;DkGg u/fpg l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 .<br />

;+ljwfg / P]gåf/f tf]lsPsf sfd, st{Jo / <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfufdL l<strong>bg</strong>df<br />

yk k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]u /0fgLlts of]hgf -@)!%—@)@)_ n] lgwf{/0f<br />

u/]sf /0fgLlts nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu cufl8 a9\g]5 . o;sf nflu ;/f]sf/<br />

jfnfx¿;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/zx¿<br />

sfof{Gjogsf nflu yk kxn ug]{5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{, kmf}hbf/L<br />

cbfnt;DaGwL /f]d ljwfg, a]kQflj?åsf] cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwnufotsf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/fpg, ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIffdf g]kfnnfO{<br />

k|fKt l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjog u/fpg / dxf;lGwsf] bfloTj lgjf{x u/fpg <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

yk k|efjsf/L e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 .<br />

cGTodf, <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ k'¥ofPsf] ;xof]<strong>usf</strong> nflu /fi6«klt sfof{no, Joj:yflksf–;+;b\,<br />

;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn, nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]u tyf cGo ;+j}wflgs cof]ux¿, gful/s<br />

;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;d'bfo, ;~rf/ hut, cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo tyf s'6gLlts<br />

lgsfo ;a}df cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>nfO{ o; :jl;kmfl/zdf Nofpg ;xof]u<br />

k'¥ofpg x'g] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo ;b:ox¿, ;lrj, If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{nosf<br />

sd{rf/Lk|lt cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . ;+of]hg, n]vg tyf ;Dkf<strong>bg</strong> sfo{df ;+nUg ;d"x<br />

;fy} ljz]if ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'x'g] nf]sgfy jf:tf]nf, clgh kl/of/ / eflifs ;Dkf<strong>bg</strong>df<br />

;+nUg 3g]Gb| cf]emf;d]tnfO{ wGojfb l<strong>bg</strong> rfxG5' .<br />

cg"k /fh zdf{<br />

cWoIf


;ª\lIfKt ¿k<br />

cg]/f:jljo' = clvn g]kfn :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog<br />

/fdfccf÷<strong>cfof</strong>]u = /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

cfO;L;L = OG6/g]zgn sf]cl8{g]zg sld6L<br />

cfO;Lh] = OG6/g];gn sf]6{ ckm h'l/:6<br />

cfO;Lcf/;L = /]8qm;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt<br />

cfO;L;L = OG6/g]zgn sf]cl8{g]zg sldl6<br />

cfj = cfly{s jif{<br />

Ok|sf = Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no<br />

pdgkf = pk–dxfgu/kflnsf<br />

pIf]sf = pkIf]qLo sfof{no<br />

Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ = PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_<br />

g]skf -Pdfn]_ = g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -PsLs[t dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL_<br />

PkLPkm = Pl;of Kofl;lkms kmf]/d<br />

cf]Pr;LPrcf/ = ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pRrcfo'Qmsf] sfof{no<br />

s]sf = s]Gb|Lo sfof{no<br />

uflj; = ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt<br />

u};; = u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf<br />

lhk|sf = lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no<br />

lhk|sf = lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no<br />

lhlj; = lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt<br />

gkf<br />

= gu/kflnsf<br />

lgdflj = lgDg dfWolds ljBfno<br />

g]skf—dfcf]jfbL = g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{—dfcf]jfbL<br />

g]sf = g]kfnL sfª\u|];<br />

g]lzd = g]kfn lzIfs d~r<br />

g]lj;ª\3 = g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;ª\3<br />

g];kf = g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{<br />

k|c<br />

= k|wfgfWofks<br />

k|lhc = k|d'v lhNnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L<br />

k|gflg = k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs<br />

k|;lg = k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs<br />

k|flj = k|fylds ljBfno<br />

dgkf = dxfgu/kflnsf


df=<br />

= dfggLo<br />

dflj = dfWolds ljBfno<br />

/fk|kf = /<strong>fli6«o</strong> k|hftGq kf6L{<br />

lj;+<br />

= ljqmd ;+jt\<br />

;+/f;+ = ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3<br />

;+;kmf] = ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d<br />

If]sf = If]qLo sfof{no<br />

If]lg = If]qLo lgb]{zs


ljifo;"rL<br />

ljifo k]h g=<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>jflif</strong>{s sfo{ljj/0f M Ps emns !<br />

kl/R5]b—!<br />

;ª\u7g<br />

!=!= k[i7e"ld $<br />

!=@= ;ªu7g %<br />

!=#= <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] sfd, st{Jo / <strong>clwsf</strong>/ %<br />

kl/R5]b—@<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

@=!=<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq / /fHosf] bfloTj &<br />

@=@=<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf *<br />

@=#=;+ljwfg lgdf{0f *<br />

@=$= gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ (<br />

@=$=!= hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ (<br />

@=$=@= :jtGqtf tyf ;'/Iff;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/ !)<br />

@=$=#= oftgflj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ !!<br />

@=$=$= aGbLx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

!@<br />

@=%= ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo !#<br />

@= ^= sfg"gL zf;gsf] cj:yf !%<br />

@=&= hftLo e]befjlj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ !%<br />

@=*= cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

!&<br />

@=*=!= vfBfGg / ul/aL<br />

!&<br />

@=*=@= lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ !(<br />

@=*=#= :jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@!<br />

@=*=$= cfjf;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@#<br />

@=*=%= >d tyf /f]huf/Lsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@%<br />

@=*=^= pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@^<br />

@=(= ;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@&<br />

@=(=!= afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@&<br />

@=(=@= dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@(<br />

@=(=#= cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ #!


@=(=$= Ho]i7 gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ #$<br />

@=(=%= ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ #%<br />

@=(=^= cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

#&<br />

@=(=&= n}ª\lus tyf of}lgs cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ $)<br />

@=(=*= z/0ffyL{sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ $!<br />

@=!)= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs<br />

$@<br />

@=!!= Kf|fs[lts k|sf]k / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ $#<br />

@=!!=!= e"sDkaf6 k|efljtx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ $#<br />

@=!!=@= af9Lklx/f]af6 k|efljtx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ $%<br />

kl/R5]b—#<br />

;+/If0f;DaGwL<br />

#=!= ph"/L btf{ $&<br />

#=!=!= If]qut cfwf/df k/]sf ph"/Lx¿ $&<br />

#=!=@= gf} dxf;lGwdf cfwfl/t ph"/Lx¿ $*<br />

#=!=#= ljifout cfwf/df k/]sf ph"/Lx¿ $*<br />

#=@= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg'udg $*<br />

#=#= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg';Gwfg %)<br />

#=$ =ph"/L km5of}{6 / l;kmfl/z %)<br />

kl/R5]b—$<br />

;Dj4{g;DaGwL<br />

$=!= ;Dj4{gfTds ultljlwx¿ %!<br />

kl/R5]b—%<br />

ljefuLo ultljlwx¿<br />

%=!=k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{<br />

%@<br />

%=@=cfly{s Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{ %#<br />

%=#= sfg"g;DaGwL sfo{ %$<br />

%=$= gLlt, cg';Gwfg tyf of]hgf;DaGwL sfo{ %^<br />

%=%= cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw cg'udg;DaGwL sfo{ %&<br />

%=^= n}lËs tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL sfo{ ^)<br />

%=&= ;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL sfo{ ^)<br />

%=*= cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw;DaGwL sfo{ ^!<br />

%=(= afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL sfo{ ^@


%=!)= dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rlavglj?åsf] sfo{ ^%<br />

%=!!= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL sfo{ ^^<br />

%=!@= ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL sfo{<br />

^&<br />

%=!#= <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>;DaGwL sfo{ ^*<br />

%=!$= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ >f]ts]Gb|;DaGwL ^(<br />

%=!%= clen]v;DaGwL ^(<br />

kl/R5]b—^<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿aLrsf] ;DaGw<br />

^=!= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / /fi6«klt sfof{no<br />

^=@= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / Joj:yflksf–;+;b\<br />

^=#= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / g]kfn ;/sf/<br />

^=$= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / ;+j}wflgs lgsfo<br />

^=%= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / /fhgLlts bn<br />

^=^= gful/s ;dfh÷u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf÷k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\u7gx¿<br />

^=&= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\u7gx¿<br />

^=*= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Goflos ;+oGq<br />

&!<br />

&!<br />

&@<br />

&#<br />

&#<br />

&#<br />

&$<br />

&$<br />

kl/R5]b—&<br />

pknlAw, r'gf}tL, ;dfwfgsf ;Defljt pkfo / efjL sbdx¿<br />

&=!= pknlAw<br />

&^<br />

&=@= r'gf}tL<br />

&(<br />

&=#= r'gf}tL ;dfwfgsf ;Defljt pkfox¿ *!<br />

&=$ efjL sbdx¿<br />

*@<br />

cg';"rLx¿<br />

cg';"rL—!<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf sfo{/t kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/Lx¿ *$<br />

cg';"rL—@<br />

;fª\u7lgs tflnsf<br />

(@<br />

cg';"rL—#<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf k/]sf ph"/Lx¿ (#<br />

cg';"rL—$<br />

cg'udg ljj/0f !)#


cg';"rL—%<br />

cg';Gwfg ljj/0f<br />

!@*<br />

cg';"rL—^<br />

ph"/L pk/ l;kmfl/z / km5\of}{6 !#%<br />

cg';"rL—&<br />

;Dj4{gfTds ultljlwx¿<br />

!&)<br />

cg';"rL—*<br />

hf/L k|]; lj1lKt / k|]; gf]6x¿ @)^<br />

cg';"rL—(<br />

-s_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]zsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k|:t't<br />

ul/Psf ;'emfjx¿<br />

@!$<br />

-v_ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z<br />

@#)<br />

-u_ e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Iflt, p4f/, /fxt tyf ljkt\ Joj:yfkg<br />

;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/z<br />

@#$<br />

cg';"rL—!)<br />

Participation of Commission in International Programme @#(<br />

cg';"rL—!!<br />

cfly{s Joj:yfkg;DaGwL<br />

@$#<br />

cg';"rL—!@<br />

cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

:yfkgf lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf dfggLo cg"k /fh zdf{sf]<br />

dGtJo<br />

@%)


<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>jflif</strong>{s sfo{ ljj/0fM Ps emns<br />

qm=<br />

sfdsf] k|s[lt ;ª\Vof ljifo<br />

;+=<br />

! <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f<br />

Gofo–k|zf;g, xTof, a]kQf, ckx/0f,<br />

!=! ph"/L @!(<br />

sf/fuf/÷u}/Goflos y'gf, wDsL, :jf:Yo,<br />

lzIff, /f]huf/Lsf] xs, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/, afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, pkef]Qmf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ckfËtf ePsf<br />

JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, hftLo lje]blj?åsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cflb<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf, aGb x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf, s}bLaGbLx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

sf/fuf/ tyf lx/f;tsf] cj:yf, u}/sfg"gL<br />

y'gf, cfly{s, ;dfflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/df d'Qm xlnofx¿sf] cj:yf, c:ktfn<br />

Pjd :jf:Yo cj:yf, pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

!=@ cg'udg @$@ k|fs[lts k|sf]k -af9L–klx/f]÷e"sDk_ af6<br />

lj:yflktx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, h]i7 gful/s,<br />

dlxnf, afnaflnsf, cflbjf;L hghflt,<br />

cNk;ª\Vos÷;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿,<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, cfk|jf;L<br />

sfdbf/x¿sf] cj:yf / <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf]<br />

cj:yf cflb<br />

!=# cg';Gwfg @)*<br />

gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/cGtu{t<br />

hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, oftgf, a]kQf nufot<br />

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

lzIff, :jf:Yo, lj:yflkt, k'gM:yfkgf, ;DklQ<br />

n'6kf6, Ifltk"lt{, dlxnf, afnaflnsfsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cflb<br />

Gofo–k|zf;g, ckx/0f, lj:yflkt, cfly{s,<br />

!=$ lg0f{o÷l;kmfl/;÷ ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/, oftgf,<br />

!*@<br />

tfd]nL÷6'ª\Uofpg] hftLo lje]b, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/, a]kQf, hftLo<br />

lje]b cflb<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (1)


qm=<br />

;+=<br />

@<br />

@=!<br />

@=@<br />

@=#<br />

sfdsf] k|s[lt ;ª\Vof ljifo<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|j{4g<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/, afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/, oftgflj?åsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, a]kQf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

k|lzIf0f, cGtlq{mof, <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljZjJofkL cfjlBs ;dLIff, Ho]i7<br />

tflnd, 5nkmn, gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

a}7s, sfo{zfnf uf]i7L, @@^ cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

k|eftkm]l/, k|b{zgL cj:yf, ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo, lzIffsf]<br />

cflb<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg lj?4sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, ;fd"lxs<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, hftLo lje]blj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cflb<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

;dGjo / ;xsfo{df !% sfo{of]hgf, cfly{s, cGt/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;Dj4{g ;DaGwL<br />

lbj;, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf, aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

Kfqsf/ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{sf] ;'/Iff cflb<br />

ljz]if1 ;]jf -;|f]t<br />

%$<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t<br />

JolSt_<br />

k|d'v cltly, cltly /<br />

@=$<br />

;xefuL<br />

##@<br />

# k|sfzg<br />

#=! lgoldt k|sfzg ! <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

#=@ <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>÷k'l:tsf !!<br />

(2) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

;ª\3;+:yfaf6 <strong>cfof</strong>]lht sfo{qmd<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t<br />

;ª\3;+:yfaf6 <strong>cfof</strong>]lht sfo{qmd<br />

The NHRI Nepal Joint Submission for<br />

the Second Universal Periodic Review of<br />

Nepal, Human Rights Situation During the<br />

Movement Before and After Declaration<br />

of Constitution of Nepal, Trafficking<br />

in Persons National Report 2013–15,<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffcl3 / kl5 ePsf<br />

cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf,<br />

:j= bof/fd kl/of/ :dfl/sf, e"sDk / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxTTjk"0f{<br />

lg0f{ox¿, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL hfGg'kg]{<br />

s'/fx¿, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> s]xL l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog<br />

/ kLl8tsf] cj:yf cWoog <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

a]rlavg;DaGwL <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, ;Dafxs -hg{n_<br />

cflb


qm=<br />

;+=<br />

sfdsf] k|s[lt ;ª\Vof ljifo<br />

#=# k|]; lj1lKt÷k|]; gf]6<br />

$$÷<br />

@(<br />

ljleGg 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg, bf]ifLpk/<br />

sf/afxL, afn<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg, aGbsf]<br />

ljsNk vf]Hg'kg]{, a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf]<br />

cj:yf ;fj{hlgs, cfGbf]ngnfO{ dof{lbt<br />

/ zflGtk"0f{ agfpg'kg]{, ;fdflhs å]if<br />

km}nfpg] cleJolQm gl<strong>bg</strong> cfu|x, b08xLgtf<br />

cGTo, gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;ª\s6<br />

;DaGwdf Wofgfsif{0f<br />

$ <strong>dfgj</strong> ;+;fwg<br />

$=! cWoIf÷;b:o !÷$<br />

$=@ sd{rf/Lx¿ s]sf, If]sf / pkIf]sf u/L !*%<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (3)


kl/R5]b—!<br />

;ª\u7g<br />

!=!= k[i7e"ld<br />

ljZjJofkL ¿kdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pNn]Vo ljsf; bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 ePsf] dflgG5 .<br />

bf];|f] ljZjo'4sf] ;dodf g]kfndf hxflgofF /f0ff zf;g /x]sf] lyof] . Ps ;o rf/ jif{;Dd<br />

/x]sf] ;f] zf;g zf;ssf] lgufxdf cfwfl/t ePsf]n] To;a]nf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] s'g}<br />

u'Ghfo; lyPg . lj= ;+= @))& b]lv @)!& ;Dd /fhgLlts cl:y/tfdf u'h|g k'Uof] .<br />

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!% tyf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!( df df}lns xssf]<br />

¿kdf <strong>dfgj</strong>sf cfwf/e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] Joj:yf / ltgsf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL k|fjwfg /flvP<br />

tfklg <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] k|ToIf ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ;DaGwdf :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf]<br />

lyPg . lj= ;+= @)!% df hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ @)!& df ckb:y ul/Pkl5 d'n'sdf<br />

#) jif{;Dd k~rfotL zf;g–Joj:yf nfu" eof], hxfF bnLo :jtGqfdfly aGb]h lyof] .<br />

kmntM Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] k|rng x'g ;Sg] cj:yf lyPg . To;<br />

cj:yfdf klg Goflos lgsfoaf6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;Dj4{g x'g] k|s[ltsf<br />

sltko pNn]vgLo km};nfx¿ ePsf kfOG5 .<br />

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] k|:tfjgfdf<br />

g} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljifonfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ sf]<br />

k|:tfjgfdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / df}lns xs;DaGwL efudf ljutsf ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v<br />

ePsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf cltl/Qm yk <strong>clwsf</strong>/;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . df}lns <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

k|rngdf cj/f]w cfPsf] v08df c;fwf/0f If]qflwsf/cGtu{t Goflos lgsfoaf6<br />

pkrf/ kfpg] :ki6 Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdf g} ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

cGt/f{li6«o:t/df ePsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljsf;qmddf leogf 3f]if0ffkq, !((# n]<br />

;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf ;b:o /fi6«x¿n] :jtGq / :jfoQ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

lgsfo :yfkgf ug{ cfXjfg u/]sf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)$^ sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g;Fu}<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gnfO{ /fHosf] dxTTjk"0f{ gLltsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/P<br />

klg <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL /<strong>fli6«o</strong> lgsfosf] :yfkgf ;xh ¿kdf x'g ;s]g . kl/0ffdtM<br />

To:tf] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> lgsfosf] :yfkgfsf] dfu ub}{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{, sfg"g–Joj;foL, ;~rf/<br />

hut, gful/s ;dfh, jf}l4s ;d'bfo tyf k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\u7gx¿sf] k|efjsf/L<br />

cleofgsf] kmn:j¿k <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g, @)%# hf/L eof] .<br />

(4) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


P]g hf/L ePsf] s/La rf/ jif{;Dd klg /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] u7g x'g<br />

;s]g . o;} qmddf ePsf] ;+;bsf] kxn, zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngx¿, cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf]<br />

rf;f] / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zkZrft\ @)%& ;fn h]7 !# ut] /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :yfkgf eof] . P]gåf/f :yflkt <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d<br />

;+ljwfg, @)^# åf/f ;+j}wflgs cËsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ul/of] . xfnsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg<br />

-@)&@_ sf] wf/f @$* / @$( df /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] u7g tyf sfd,<br />

st{Jo / <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;DaGwdf Joj:yf u/L ;+j}wflgs <strong>cfof</strong>]us} ¿kdf lg/Gt/tf<br />

lbOPsf] 5 .<br />

!=@= ;ª\u7g<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL lgsfox¿sf] u7g, :jtGqtf tyf :jfoQtf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o<br />

dfu{bz{g !((# -h;nfO{ k]l/; l;4fGt elgG5_ cg'¿k :yflkt /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u :jtGq / :jfoQ ;+j}wflgs lgsfo xf] . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf cWoIf / $ hgf ;b:o<br />

u/L % hgf kbflwsf/L /xg] k|fjwfg 5 . xfn <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / To;sf]<br />

dftxt % If]qLo tyf # pkIf]qLo sfof{no 5g\ . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;a} sfof{nosf nflu #)(<br />

hgf sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x]sf]df o; cfjdf sd{rf/L ;ª\Vof !($ /x]sf] 5 . o;<br />

cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf sfo{/t <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ljj/0f / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;fª\u7lgs ;+/rgf qmdzM cg';"rL ! / @ df /flvPsf] 5 .<br />

!=#= <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] sfd, st{Jo / <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ sf] wf/f @$( df …<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f /<br />

;Dj4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] st{Jo x'g]5Ú egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Dj4{g / ;+/If0f<br />

ug'{ /fHosf] k|fylds bfloTj dflgG5 . /fHon] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf]<br />

bfloTj ;Gtf]ifhgs ¿kdf lgjf{x gu/]sf] cj:yfdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f<br />

/ ;Dj4{gsf] lgldQ /fHonfO{ ;hu / pQ/bfoL agfpg] sfo{ ub{5 . o; k|of]hgsf]<br />

nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ph"/L lnO{ ;f] pk/ 5fgljg, cg';Gwfg ug]{, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf<br />

bf]ifLpk/ sf/afxL tyf d'2f rnfpg l;kmfl/z ug]{nufotsf sfd ub{5 . <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Dj4{gsf] ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{, tfnLd, k|lzIf0f l<strong>bg</strong>],<br />

uf]i7L tyf ;ef–;Dd]ngdfkm{t jsfntL sfo{qmd <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf ug] {, gful/s ;dfh;Fu<br />

;dGjo / ;xsfo{;d]tsf sfd ug]{ ub{5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"g<br />

lgdf{0f tyf ;+zf]wg ug{ / cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw–;Demf}tfsf] g]kfn kIf aGg'kg]{ sf/0f;lxt<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (5)


;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/z ub{5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog gug]{ kbflwsf/L jf<br />

JolQmsf] gfd <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .<br />

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @($ df ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;DaGwdf pNn]v 5,<br />

h;df …;+j}wflgs lgsfon] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf/afxLsf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> /fi6«klt;dIf<br />

k]z ug{]5 / /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLdfkm{t To:tf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;ª\3Lo ;+;b\;dIf k]z<br />

ug{ nufpg]5Ú egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>jflif</strong>{s sfo{ k|ult<br />

ljj/0f;lxtsf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> /fi6«klt;dIf k]z ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] d"ntM<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf k/]sf ph"/L, ph"/Lpk/ ul/Psf 5fgljg / cg';Gwfgsf] ljj/0f, g]kfn<br />

;/sf/nfO{ ul/Psf l;kmfl/z tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

eljiodf ug'{kg{] ;'wf/;DaGwL ljj/0fx¿ ;dfj]z ub{5 .<br />

(6) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


kl/R5]b—@<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

g]kfn cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt dxTTjk"0f{ ;lGwsf] kIf /fi6«<br />

ePsf] / b]zsf] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gdf klg <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL /x]sf] Joj:yfnfO{<br />

;Gtf]ifhgs ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;+ljwfgdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf nflu ;+/rgfut<br />

Joj:yf;d]t ul/Psf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf k|fyldQmf If]q;d]t tf]sL<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf ;'wf/sf nflu ePsf] k|of;sf] afjh'b bz jif{ nfdf] ;z:q åGå /<br />

To;kl5sf] zflGt k|lqmof tyf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf Jojxf/df ;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] 5}g . nfdf] ;do;Ddsf]<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfn] JolQmsf] hLjg tyf :jtGqtfsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pkef]udf ljleGg<br />

k|sf/sf cj/f]w ljBdfg 5g\ . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf<br />

gsf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf d'2fx¿ ;wF} 68\sf/f]<br />

¿kdf b]vf kl//x]sf 5g\ eg] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ ce}m klg<br />

cf]em]ndf g} /x]sf 5g\ . o; kl/R5]bdf cf=j= @)&@÷@)&# df /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf cWoog, cg'udg Pjd\ cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt tYox¿sf] cfwf/df<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] ;dLIff ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

@=!= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq / /fHosf] bfloTj<br />

g]kfnn] k|d'v ( j6f dxf;lGwdWo] ;ftj6f dxf;lGw;lxt #( j6f <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿sf] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/L kIf /fi6« ePsf] 5 . dxf;lGwx¿sf]<br />

cg'df]<strong>bg</strong>kZrft\ dxf;lGwx¿df ePsf Joj:yfx¿sf] 3/]n's/0f ug{ sfg"g, gLlt<br />

tyf sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] th'{df ul/Psf 5g\ . tyflk, ltgsf] sfof{Gjog kIf sdhf]/<br />

/x]sf] 5 . dxf;lGw cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/]kl5 vf;u/L k|d'v dxf;lGwcGtu{tsf lgsfox¿df<br />

;/sf/n] tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf cfjlws <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>x¿ a'emfpg'kg]{ bfloTjsf] klg kfngf<br />

ePsf] 5}g . gful/s tyf /fhgLlts / cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

ljifos k|lt1fkqsf] cfjlws <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df ;DalGwt ;ldltx¿df @)!$ df 5nkmn<br />

eO{ ;'emfjx¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f;DaGwL<br />

dxf;lGwsf] k|f/lDes <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> h'nfO{ @)!$ df a'emfPsf] ] 5 . sltko dxf;lGwsf]<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;df ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befj pGd"ng<br />

ug]{ dxf;lGw;DaGwLsf] !& cf}F b]lv @# cf}F ;Dd, oftgflj?å dxf;lGwsf] t];|f]b]lv<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (7)


kfFrf}F / dlxnflj?å x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd'ng;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] 5}6f}F <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

a'emfpg afFsL b]lvG5 .<br />

@=@= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/n] rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf -@)&!÷@)&@—@)&%÷@)&^_<br />

nfu" u/]sf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfn] ljleGg !* j6f k|fyldQmfsf<br />

If]qnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5, h;df lzIff, :jf:Yo, kf]if0f tyf hg;ª\Vof, >d tyf /f]huf/,<br />

;fF:s[lt, sfg"gL ;'wf/ tyf Gofo k|zf;g, jftfj/0f / lbuf] ljsf;, dlxnf, afnaflnsf,<br />

ckfª\utf, Ho]i7 gful/s / of}lgs tyf n}ª\lus cNk;ª\Vos, g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o<br />

bfloTjsf] sfof{Gjog, vfB ;'/Iff, ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo / åGåkLl8t, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

lzIff, ;dfj]zL ljsf;, cfjf;, ;fdflhs ;]jf / ;'/Iff, ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nf /<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog, lx/f;t tyf sf/fuf/ ;'wf/ /<br />

;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

ljutsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog kIf cToGt sdhf]/ /x]sf]<br />

lyof] . o; sfo{of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]df vf;u/L cfly{s, ;fdflhs<br />

tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ tyf ;dfgtf / e]befjlj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf dxTTjk"0f{<br />

pknlAw x'g] b]lvG5 .<br />

@=#= ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f<br />

@)^$ ;fndf ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] lgjf{rgaf6 ul7t ;+ljwfg;efn]<br />

gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ g;sL lj36g ePsf] lyof] . @)&) dª\l;/ $ ut] ePsf]<br />

;+ljwfg;efsf] bf];|f] lgjf{rgaf6 ul7t ;+ljwfg;efaf6 @)&@ c;f]h # ut] ;+ljwfg<br />

hf/L eof] . ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf g} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifonfO{ k|fyldQmf lbOPsf]<br />

kfOG5 . ljutsf ;+ljwfgx¿sf] t'ngfdf cfly{s, ;fdflhs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf yk ljifox¿<br />

df}lns xssf] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf 5g\ .<br />

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] qmddf ljz]iftM ;ª\3Lo k|b]zx¿sf] ;ª\Vof / ;Ldfª\sgsf] ljifodf<br />

bnx¿aLr c;dembf/L /x]sfn] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf]<br />

5 . cfkm\gf dfux¿ ;Daf]wg u/fpg] gfddf ljleGg /fhgLlts bn Pjd\ ;d"xx¿af6<br />

ePsf aGb / x8\tfnh:tf sfo{x¿af6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf r'gf}tLx¿ ylkPsf<br />

5g\ . ;a} gful/ssf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f ug{ hfoh dfux¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;+ljwfg<br />

sfof{Gjodf /fhgLlts bnx¿ yk lhDd]jf/ x'g' cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .<br />

(8) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@=$= gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@=$=! hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

dof{lbt ¿kdf hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg' x/]s JolQmsf] g};lu{s <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xf] . <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f # n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ hLjgsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ / j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfn kIf ePsf]<br />

gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f ^ df<br />

k|To]s JolQmnfO{ hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|Tofe"lt ub}{ :j]R5frf/L 9ª\un] s;}sf] klg hLjg<br />

x/0f ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL cle;lGwsf] bf];|f] P]lR5s cfn]v,<br />

!(*( df d[To'b08 pGd"ng;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_<br />

n] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ df}lns <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 .<br />

s/La Ps bzs nfdf] ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo / zflGt–k|lqmofdf ePsf] k|ult Pjd\<br />

t/fO{–dw]znufotsf If]qdf lqmofzLn ljleGg ;z:q ;d"x;Fu ePsf] ;sf/fTds<br />

jftf{sf] sf/0f JolQm xTof, Hofg dfg] { wDsLnufotsf 36gfx¿df pNn]Vo sdL cfPsf]<br />

kfOPsf] 5 . oBlk, lj/f]w k|bz{gsf] qmddf ;'/IffsdL{sf] sf/afxLdf JolQmsf] d[To',<br />

k|x/L lx/f;tdf d[To' / k|x/L;Fu bf]xf]/f] eL8Gtdf d[To' h:tf 36gfx¿af6 dflg;sf]<br />

afFRg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\sf 36gfx¿ cem} klg eO/x]sf] kfOG5 .<br />

ljutsf] ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfl/Psf tyf 3fOt] ePsf JolQmx¿n] cem};Dd Gofo<br />

/ kl/k"/0f k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o:t} t/fO{–dw]znufot ljleGg :yfgdf ePsf<br />

36gfsf] 5fgjLg ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k"j{ GofofwLzsf] cWoIftfdf Ps ;ldlt u7g<br />

eO;s]sf] 5 . t/fO{–dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf af/f / k;f{df Ps ef/tLo gful/s;lxt<br />

* hgf ?kGb]xLdf Ps afns;lxt !) / df]/ªdf # hgfsf] k|x/Ln] rnfPsf] uf]nL nfuL<br />

d[To' ePsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udg / cg';Gwfgaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . s}nfnLsf] 6Lsfk'/df<br />

g]kfn k|x/Lsf P;P;kL / Ps afns;lxt * hgfn] Hofg u'dfpg'k/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L<br />

wg'iffdf #, dxf]Q/Ldf &, ;'v]{tdf ! hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfgaf6<br />

b]lvG5 . afFs], alb{of, k;f{, ndh'ªdf !÷! hgf u/L $ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .<br />

g]kfndf ce}m klg 3/]n' lx+;fsf] sf/0f dlxnfx¿n] Hofg u'dfpg'k/]sf] cj:yf / ljljw<br />

sf/0fx¿af6 cfTdxTofsf 36gfx¿ cToflws /x]sf kfOPsf] 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf<br />

uPsf g]kfnLdflysf] lx+;f, sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gf, plrt :jf:Yof]krf/sf]<br />

cefjh:tf sf/0f d[To' x'g] 36gfx¿df sdL cfpg g;Sbf JolQmsf] hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+/If0fdf w]/} r'gf}tL b]lvPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf 3/]n' lx+;f, of}ghGo lx+;fnufotsf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (9)


sf/0faf6 ePsf cfTdxTof, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] qmddf d[To', xTof jf u}/Goflos xTof<br />

ePsf] cfzª\sf ul/Psf 36gfx¿df k|x/Laf6 lgikIf / k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg gePsf]<br />

ljifodf ph"/Lx¿ k|fKt eO/x]sf] / ph"/L btf{ gePsf ;Gbe{df To:tf 36gfx¿df<br />

cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] k|fyldstf ;fy lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 .<br />

u}/Goflos xTof, lx/f;tdf d[To', lj/f]w k|bz{gsf] qmddf d[To', bf]xf]/f] eL8Gtnufotsf<br />

36gfx¿sf] lgikIf cg';Gwfg, bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL / ljktdf k/L d[To' ePsf 36gfx¿df<br />

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt Pjd\ kl/k"/0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf 36gfx¿sf]<br />

k'g/fj[lQnfO{ /f]Sg ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf] ;fy} cfl>t kl/jf/sf] ;d:of;d]t ;Daf]wg x'g<br />

cfjZos b]lvG5 . o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL $! j6f ph"/L<br />

btf{ ePsf 5g\ . h;df ;z:q åGå, k|x/L sf/afxL / k|x/L lx/fztdf d[To' cflb /x]sf<br />

5g\ .<br />

@=$=@= :jtGqtf tyf ;'/Iff;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+ljwfg / sfg"gL ¿kdf g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ x/]s JolQmnfO{ :jtGqtf tyf ;'/Iffsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] 5 . gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos cle;lGw,<br />

!(^^ nufot g]kfn kIf ePsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL b:tfj]hx¿df klg o; <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

nfO{ ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf :jtGqtfk"j{s k]zf÷Joj;fo ug]{,<br />

b]zleq / aflx/ cfjt–hfjt ug] {, a;f]af; ug]{, ;ª\3;+:yf vf]Ng] / To;df cfa4 x'g],<br />

lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] tyf k|b{zg ug]{, cleJolQmnufotsf ljleGg<br />

:jtGqtf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

d"ntM ;+ljwfg / sfg"gn] :jtGqtf tyf ;'/Iffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|bfg ul/Psf] eP klg nfdf]<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfn Pjd\ /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f To;sf] k|rngdf Jofks cj/f]wx¿<br />

/x]sf kfOG5 . vf;u/L /fhgLlts bnx¿ Pjd\ ljleGg ;d"xaf6 k6s–k6s <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf<br />

x'g] aGb x8\tfnh:tf sfo{qmdx¿af6 o:tf :jtGqtfx¿ k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . aGb<br />

x8\tfnsf] qmddf hah{:tL ;jf/L ;fwg, snsf/vfgf, z}lIfs ;+:yf, ahf/ aGb u/fpg],<br />

aGb cj1f u/]sf] egL ;jf/L ;fwg, k;n, snsf/vfgf / ;/sf/L sfof{no;d]t<br />

tf]8kmf]8 tyf cfuhgL ug]{ h:tf sfo{x¿n] k]zfsf] :jtGqtf Pjd\ ;'/Iffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

k|rngdf cj/f]w l;h{gf u/]sf kfOG5 . o:tf aGbx¿df PDa'n]G; h:tf cTofjZosLo<br />

;]jf / ;~rf/–dfWod Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{x¿dfly ;d]t cj/f]w / cfqmd0f ePsf<br />

36gfx¿n] :jtGqtf tyf ;'/Iffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf] uDeL/ cj:yfnfO{ Oª\lut<br />

ub{5g\ . k|bz{gsf/Lx¿n] lgif]lwt If]qdf k|bz{g ug]{ / sltko cj:yfdf nf7Lnufot<br />

3/]n' xltof/;lxt k|bz{g ug] {, 9'ª\ufd'9f tyf cfuhgL ug] { h:tf sfo{ ePsf 5g\<br />

(10) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


eg] ;'/IffsdL{af6 cfjZostf eGbf a9L ansf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . hah{:tL aGb<br />

u/fpg vf]Hg] aGbstf{ / To;sf] k|ltsf/ ug{ vf]Hg] :yfgLoaLrsf] em8kaf6 klg<br />

zflGt ;'/Iffdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .<br />

;'/IffsdL{ / cfGbf]ng/t kIfaf6 ;~rf/sdL{, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ tyf dlxnfx¿dfly<br />

b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf Pjd\ ;d'bfonfO{ xf]Rofpg] efiffsf] ;fy} ckzAb k|of]u u/]sf] tYo<br />

k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|bz{gsf/Lx¿n] klg ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf k|x/Ldfly nf7L / 9'ª\uf<br />

k|xf/ ug]{, ufnLunf}h ug]{ h:tf sfo{x¿ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o:tf k|bz{gx¿df<br />

afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u jf ;xeflutfn] pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iffdf uDeL/ c;/ k/]sf] 5 . nfdf]<br />

b"/Lsf] ofqfdf lgl:sPsf ofq'x¿, la/fdL, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿ aGb x8\tfn h:tf<br />

sfo{qmdx¿af6 a9L dfqfdf k|efljt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . ofq' r9]sf ;jf/L ;fwgdfly<br />

cfqmd0f x'Fbf aGb x8\tfnsf] ;dodf ofqf hf]lvdk"0f{ x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; cf=j=df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf :jtGqtfsf] xs;DaGwL $ j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] lj/f]wsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ k|hftflGqs ljlw / sfg"gL zf;gsf]<br />

;Ddfg ug{ Pjd\ cfkm\gf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pkef]u ubf{ c¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg ug{<br />

k6s–k6s ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} ;'/IffsdL{af6<br />

cTolws an k|of]u ePsf 36gfx¿df bf]ifLdfly sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{<br />

;r]t ;d]t u/fPsf] 5 .<br />

@=$=#= oftgflj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

oftgflj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cx/0fLo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xf] . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL<br />

3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f % / gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos cg'aGw,<br />

!(^^ sf] wf/f & n] klg oftgfnfO{ lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L oftgf, lgb{oL, c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo<br />

Pjd\ ckdfghgs Jojxf/lj?åsf] dxf;lGw, !(*$ nfO{ g]kfnn] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> ul/;s]sf]<br />

5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ n] oftgflj?åsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xsdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 .<br />

oftgf;DaGwL Ifltk"lt{ P]g, @)%# n] cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf<br />

jf c¿ s'g} lsl;dn] y'gfdf /x]sf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ oftgf l<strong>bg</strong> gx'g] s'/f pNn]v<br />

ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

oftgflj?åsf] dxf;lGw / ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfadf]lhd oftgf l<strong>bg</strong>] sfo{ b08gLo<br />

ck/fw dflgP klg g]kfn sfg"gn] xfn;Dd oftgfnfO{ b08gLo agfPsf] 5}g . oftgf<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>] sfo{nfO{ b08gLo agfpg] ;Gbe{df /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k6s–k6s<br />

lbOPsf] ;'emfj tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lgb]{zg Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (11)


cfjlws ;dLIff / ;lGwut lgsfox¿sf l;kmfl/zx¿sf] xfn;Dd klg sfof{Gjog x'g<br />

;s]sf] 5}g . oftgf l<strong>bg</strong>] jf lgd{d, c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ug]{ sfo{ lgoGq0f<br />

ug]{;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] ljw]os, @)^( Joj:yflksf–;+;b\df ljrf/fwLg<br />

cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ P]gsf] ¿k lbO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ l9nf eO;s]sf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ljleGg ;dodf ePsf lx/f;t tyf sf/fuf/x¿sf]<br />

cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYo Pjd\ oftgf;DaGwL ph""/Lx¿df sdL cfPsf]af6 lx/f;tdf<br />

lbOg] oftgfdf ljutsf] t'ngfdf pNn]Vo sdL cfPsf] b]lvP klg To;sf] cGTo<br />

x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . oftgf l<strong>bg</strong>] sfo{nfO{ z"Go ;lxi0f'tfdf /fvL cfk/fwLs/0f u/L<br />

sfg"gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, ;r]tgf / k|x/LnfO{ ;d]t hjfkmb]xL x'g] u/L tflnd,<br />

cled'vLs/0f cflb dfWodaf6 oftgf pGd"ng ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . o; cf=j=df<br />

oftgf, s'6lk6 / b'Jo{jxf/;DaGwL $& j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=$=$= aGbLx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sf/fuf/nfO{ ;'wf/u[xsf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ dfGotfsf ;fy <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 o; cjlwleq<br />

If]qLo / lhNnf sf/fuf/sf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ePsf] 5 . sf/fuf/ cg'udgdf<br />

uPsf] 6f]nLn] ;DalGwt lhNnfl:yt k|x/L lx/f;tx¿sf] ;d]t cg'udg u/]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf] cg'udgaf6 sf/fuf/sf] ef}lts cj:yf cToGt sdhf]/ /x]sf], Ifdtf<br />

eGbf em08} tLg u'0ff a9L aGbLx¿ y'gfdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . sf/fuf/sf] a;fO si6s/<br />

ePsf] / vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yof]krf/nufotsf ;d:ofx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ . aGbLx¿nfO{<br />

hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu lbOg] /sd b}lgs $% ?lkofF / cfl>t afnjflnsfsf] nflu<br />

pknJw u/fOFb} cfPsf] /sd !) ?lkofFn] a9\bf] dxFuLnfO{ wfGg g;Sg] cj:yf 5 .<br />

aGbLx¿sf] :jf:Yof]krf/sf] nflu sf/fuf/df hfg] /sd Go"g ePsf], ;a} sf/fuf/df<br />

lgoldt :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] Joj:yf x'g g;Sg', nfk/afxL ul/g' Pjd\ la/fdL pkrf/sf]<br />

nflu n}hfg ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cefj /x]sf] nufotsf sf/0fx¿af6 s}bL aGbLx¿sf]<br />

:jf:Yof]krf/df ;d:of b]lvPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .<br />

sf/fuf/x¿df uDeL/ k|s[ltsf ck/fw / ;fdfGo ck/fwdf ;+nUgnfO{ ;Fu} Ps}<br />

:yfgdf /flvPsf] Pjd\ d2f km};nf eO{ cleof]u k|dfl0ft ePsf / k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf<br />

/flvPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ klg Ps} :yfgdf /flvg] ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{<br />

:yfgfGt/0f ug{ klg ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>+z sf/fuf/x¿ k'/fgf ejgx¿df /x]sf sf/0f hL0f{ eO{ c;'/lIft ePsf], olsg<br />

tYofª\s gx'Fbf 5'6]sf JolQmx¿ ;dodf 5'6\g k|fljlws sl7gfO /x]sf] / IfdtfeGbf<br />

(12) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


a9L aGbLx¿nfO{ y'gfdf /flvPsf] ljifodf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cof]uaf6 ;do–<br />

;dodf ePsf l;kmfl/z÷;'emfjx¿ sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf aGbLx¿sf] cfwf/e"t <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ g} hf]lvddf k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ut @)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljgfzsf/L<br />

e"sDksf] sf/0f Iflt ePsf sf/fuf/x¿sf] ;d]t k'glg{df{0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] sf/fuf/ sfof{nox¿df b/aGbLcg';f/sf sd{rf/L v6fpg'kg]{, lhDd]jf/<br />

lgsfoaf6 sf/fuf/sf] ;do–;dodf cg'udg x'g'kg]{, 9n lgsf; tyf kfgLsf] kof{Kt<br />

Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, cf}ifwf]krf/, ;~rf/, kqklqsf pknJw u/fpg", egL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]<br />

Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sf/fuf/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg plrt k|aGw ug' {kg]{,<br />

sf/fuf/df /x]sf s}bLaGbLx¿nfO{ ;Lkd"ns tfnLd k|bfg ug'{kg]{, sf/fuf/df y'g'jf,<br />

s}bLaGbLx¿sf] lgoldt :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug] { jftfj/0f ldnfpg'kg]{, hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu<br />

lbOg] b}lgs /sd /sddf ;do;fk]If j[l4 ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . sfg"gadf]lhd<br />

s}b ldgfxf ug{ of]Uo s}bLaGbLx¿nfO{ lagf e]befj s}bd'Qm ug{, k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf<br />

/x]sf y'g'jfx¿sf] d'2fnfO{ k|fyldQmfdf /fvL ;'g'jfO ug{ eg]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf ;a} sf/fuf/<br />

sfof{nox¿df s}bLaGbLx¿sf] kmf]6f];lxtsf] clen]v /fVg'kg]{, ;'emfj jf ph""/L k]6Lsf<br />

tyf s}bLaGbLx¿n] kfngf ug' {kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtf k|i6 a'lemg] / b]lvg] :yfgdf /fVg] Joj:yf<br />

ldnfpg klg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .<br />

o;}u/L y'gfdf /x]sf cfdf / afa'cfdf b'a} y'gfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;+/If0fdf<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} 7f]; gLlt tyf sfof{qmd g/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf afnaflnsfsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu 7f]; gLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfO{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{<br />

cfjZos b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] sf/fuf/x¿sf] ef}lts ;'wf/, v'nf sf/fuf/sf]<br />

cjwf/0ffsf] sfof{Gjog Pjd\ aGbLx¿sf] cfly{s–;fdflhs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / l56f]<br />

Gofo lg?k0fsf ljifox¿df ljz]if Wofg l<strong>bg</strong>' cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .<br />

@=%= ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo<br />

s/La Ps bzs nfdf] ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo ug]{ qmddf g]kfn ;/sf/ / tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] la:t[t zflGt–;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;To cGj]if0f, 5fgjLg;lxt<br />

kLl8tnfO{ kl/k"/0f;lxtsf] Gofo k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ cem} afFsL g} /x]sf] 5 . ;z:q<br />

åGåsf] qmddf xTof, cª\ueª\u, ank"j{s a]kQf, ckx/0f, oftgf tyf s'6lk6, of}ghGo<br />

lx+;f, ;DklQ sAhf Pjd\ gi6 tyf ank"j{s lj:yfkgnufotsf 36gfx¿af6 kLl8t<br />

JolQmx¿n] zflGt ;Demf}tf ePsf] !) jif{ lalt;Sbf klg Gofo Pjd\ kl/k"/0f k|fKt<br />

ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (13)


ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] 5fgjLg Pjd\ ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u;DaGwL P]g, @)&! kfl/t eO{ ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]u / a]kQf<br />

JolQmx¿sf] 5fgjLg <strong>cfof</strong>]u u7g ePsf 5g\ . P]gdf /x]sf s]xL k|fjwfgx¿af6<br />

kLl8tx¿nfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f kLl8tx¿sf] tkm{af6<br />

;jf]{Rr cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] /L6dfly cbfntn] To:tf k|fjwfgx¿ vf/]h ul/lbPsf]<br />

5 . o;;DaGwdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg<br />

ldltdf ;'emfjx¿ lbPsf] lyof] .<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo;DaGwL sfg"g / ;+oGqx¿sf] lgdf{0f eP klg b]zdf ljBdfg<br />

b08xLgtfsf] cj:yfsf] sf/0f kLl8tx¿ Gofo kfpg] s'/fdf cem} klg cfZj:t x'g<br />

;s]sf 5}gg\ . u7g ePsf ;+oGqx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] af/]df kLl8tx¿df ;Gb]x<br />

sfod} /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .<br />

;z:q åGåsf] cjlwdf ePsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\sf 36gfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf<br />

5fgljg u/L ;To lg?k0f ug]{, uDeL/ k|s[ltsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\sf 36gfx¿df<br />

bf]ifLx¿nfO{ sfg"gL sf/afxL / kLl8tx¿nfO{ kl/k"/0fsf] Joj:yf ub}{ ;dfhdf<br />

d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug' { g} ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf ;+oGqx¿sf] d"n bfloTj<br />

xf] . ljutsf 36gfx¿sf] plrt ;Daf]wg ub}{ eljiodf o:tf 36gfx¿ bf]xf]l/g gl<strong>bg</strong>]<br />

jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{ cltcfjZos 5 . o;y{ ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf ;+oGqx¿<br />

lgikIf, ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L x'g'kb{5 eGg] wf/0ff /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] /fVb}<br />

cfPsf] 5 .<br />

Nffdf] ;do;Dd klg Gofo gkfpFbf xTof, a]kQf tyf oftgfkLl8tx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf yk r'gf}tLx¿ l;h{gf ePsf 5g\ . ljz]iftM a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf<br />

kl/jf/x¿ cfkmGtsf] vf]hLdf ef}Ftfl/Psf] Ps bzs eGbf a9L x'Fbf klg ;TotYo hfGg<br />

gkfpg' <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 lg/fzfhgs cj:yf xf] .<br />

ank"j{s a]kQf kfl/g] sfo{ Pjd\ oftgf l<strong>bg</strong>] sfo{nfO{ cfk/fwLs/0f gul/g' / ljBdfg<br />

kmf}hbf/L sfg"gdf ePsf xbDofbsf] ;DaGwdf kZrftbzL{ sfg"gsf] cefj h:tf<br />

sf/0fx¿af6 ;z:q åGåsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug]{ s'/fdf cem} cj/f]wx¿<br />

sfod} /x]sf] x'Fbf sfg"gL ;'wf/ cfjZos /x]sf] b]lvG5 .<br />

;z:q åGåsf] sf/0faf6 cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt <strong>clwsf</strong>+z JolQmx¿ cfkm\gf]<br />

yftynf]df kmls{;s]sf eP klg åGåsf] qmddf ePsf] ;DklQ sAhf, n'6kf6 tyf<br />

gi6 ePsf] wgdfn ;DklQjfkt kLl8tx¿n] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ljz]iftM<br />

o;qmddf 3/af/ u'd]sf JolQmx¿sf] k'gM:yfkgfdf w]/} r'gf}tL /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

(14) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@=^= sfg"gL zf;gsf] cj:yf<br />

g]kfndf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf b08xLgtf Pp6f 7"nf] r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo sfg"gsf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g tyf ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{<br />

sfg"gL bfo/fdf gNofpg', 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg gug'{, cleof]hg gug{‘ / kLl8tnfO{ Gofo<br />

l<strong>bg</strong> g;Sg' jf Gofo l<strong>bg</strong> k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf OGsf/ ug'{ b08xLgtfsf] cj:yfsf<br />

;"rsx¿ x'g\ . b08xLgtfn] kLl8tsf] Gofok|flKtsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pkef]udf cj/f]w ;[hgf<br />

ub{5 .<br />

kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf hfx]/L lng OGsf/ ul/g', k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg gx'g', ljrf/fwLg<br />

d'2f lkmtf{ lnOg', cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7x/ ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/fdf NofO{<br />

sf/afxL gul/g'af6 b08xLgtfn] k|>o kfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 bf]ifL ls6fg eO{ sf/afxLsf] l;kmfl/z ul/Psf JolQmx¿nfO{ sf/afxLsf]<br />

bfo/fdf gNofpg] sfo{af6 b08xLgtfsf] uDeL/ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] kfOG5 . <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\sf bf]ifL Pjd\ ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿n] nfdf] ;ª\qmd0fsfn /<br />

/fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] kmfObf lnO/x]sf 5g\ . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIff Pjd\ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldltn]<br />

ljBdfg b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf cTo u/L sfg"gL zf;gsf] ;[b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu lbPsf<br />

l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjog cToGt sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 .<br />

b08xLgtfsf] cGTo x'g g;Sbf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\ Pjd\ ck/fwsf 36gfx¿sf]<br />

k'g/fjl[Q eO/x]sf] 5 . ljBdfg b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf cGTo ug{ /fhgLlts bnx¿df<br />

OR5fzlQmsf] cefj b]lvG5 . ctM b08xLgtfsf] cGTosf] nflu /fhgLlts k|lta4tf;lxt<br />

k|efjsf/L sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjog cTofjZos b]lvG5 .<br />

@=&= hftLo e]befjlj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

hftljz]ifsf] cfwf/df ul/g] lgif]w, alxis/0f / lje]bhGo sfo{nfO{ hftLo e]befjsf<br />

¿kdf lnOG5 . dflg; hGdl;4 ¿kdf :jtGq / ;dfg ePsfn] hft hflt, pTklQ,<br />

wd{, j0f{, lnª\u, k]zf–Joj;fonufot s'g} klg cfwf/df e]befj :jLsfo{ x'g ;Sb}g .<br />

oL s'g} klg cfwf/df ul/g] o:tf Jojxf/ g}lts / sfg"gL ¿kn] ;d]t cIfDo / uDeL/<br />

ck/fw x'g\ .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqsf] wf/f ! n] ;a} JolQm hGdhft :jtGq<br />

/ k|lti7f tyf <strong>clwsf</strong>/df ;dfg x'g], hflt, j0f{, lnª\u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts jf cGo<br />

ljrf/wf/f, /<strong>fli6«o</strong>tf jf ;fdflhs pTklQ, ;DklQ, hGd jf cGo s'g} x}l;otnufotsf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (15)


s'g} klg cfwf/df s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . gful/s tyf<br />

/fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f @ / cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f @ n] ;f]xL <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] k|Tofe"lt<br />

u/]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befj pGd"ng;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(^% tyf<br />

dlxnflj?å x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw, !(&( sf] wf/f<br />

@ df ;d]t ;dfgtf / clje]bsf] l;4fGtnfO{ ;d]6]sf] kfOG5 .<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ n] ;dfgtfsf] xsdf /fHon] gful/sx¿aLr hfthfltsf]<br />

cfwf/df e]befj gul/g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . 5'jf5't tyf hftLo e]befjlj?åsf] xsdf<br />

s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hflt, j+z, ;d'bfo jf k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't<br />

tyf hftLo e]befj gul/g], e]befj Jojxf/ b08gLo x'g] / kLl8tn] sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f<br />

u/]cg';f/ Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] k|fjwfg 5 . To:t} s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hfthfltsf] cfwf/df<br />

;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf pkof]<strong>usf</strong> s'/fx¿ k|of]u ug{af6 jf ;fj{hlgs<br />

:yn jf ;fj{hlgs wfld{s :yndf k|j]z ug{ jf jf wfld{s sfo{ ug{af6 jl~rt gul/g]<br />

k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* n]<br />

hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5'tnfO{ b08gLo dfgL ;hfosf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .<br />

hftLo lje]bsf] cGTosf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/af6 blnt / u}/blntaLr cGt/hftLo<br />

ljjfx k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg ljt/0f sfo{ljlw, @)^^ cg';f/ @)^^ ;fpg ! kl5 blnt<br />

/ u}/blntaLr cGt/hftLo ljjfx ug]{ g]kfnL gful/stf ePsf hf]8LnfO{ Ps nfv<br />

?lkofF pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . z}lIfs If]qdf blnt ;d'bfosf] pkl:ylt sd<br />

ePsf] tYonfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;/sf/n] sIff !) ;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff, pRrdfWolds<br />

ljBfnodf 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd / /f]huf/Lsf] If]qdf cf/If0f gLlt cjnDag u/]sf] 5 .<br />

e]befjlj?åsf k|fjwfgsf] sfof{Gjog Pjd\ blnt ;d'bfo pTyfg / ljsf;sf] nflu<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> blnt <strong>cfof</strong>]u, pk]lIft, pTkLl8t / blnt ju{ pTyfg ljsf; ;ldlt, jfbL<br />

;d'bfo pTyfg ljsf; ;ldlt, hftLo e]befj, 5'jf5't tyf blntx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|a4{g<br />

;+oGqx¿ :yfkgf eP klg ltgsf] k|efjsfl/tf b]lvg ;s]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo ;+/rgf<br />

;+ljwfgtM /<strong>fli6«o</strong> blnt <strong>cfof</strong>]u ;+a}wflgs lgsfosf] ¿kdf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .<br />

blnt ;d'bfosf] Dffgj ljsf; ;"rsfª\s z"Go bzdna $#$ 5 . ;+ljwfgn] blnt<br />

;d'bfonfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xeflutfsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf kbdf cf/If0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 /fHosf<br />

lgsfox¿df blnt ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg<br />

;zQmLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .<br />

(16) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf hftLo e]befj / eflifs e]befjdf @ j6f ph""/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfgaf6 cGt/hftLo ljjfxdf cj/f]w, 5'jf5't /<br />

blntx¿dfly lx+;f tyf b'Jo{jxf/h:tf ljifox¿ k|d'v ;d:ofsf ¿kdf b]lvPsf 5g\ .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> blnt <strong>cfof</strong>]u;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L ljleGg lhNnfdf hftLo lje]b;DaGwL<br />

cj:yf / 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg ul//x]sf] 5 . hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't -ck/fw<br />

/ ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* n] hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5'thGo sfo{nfO{ ck/fw 3f]if0ff u/]<br />

klg ck/fwsf] t'ngfdf o;;DaGwL d'2fx¿ Go"g dfqfdf cbfntdf btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

;dfh tyf k|x/Laf6 o:tf 36gfx¿df sfg"g sfof{Gjog eGbf d]nldnfkdf a9L hf]8<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>', r]tgf / kx'Frsf] cefj h:tf sf/0fx¿af6 sfg"g sfof{Gjogdf r'gf}tLx¿ /x]sf<br />

5g\ . wfld{s cGwljZjf;, ;fdflhs s'/Llt, ?9LjfbL ;+:sf/, clzIff, r]tgf / sfg"gL<br />

1fgsf] cefjnufotsf sf/0f clxn] klg hftLo lje]b tyf 5'jf5'tsf 36gfx¿ k"0f{tM<br />

/f]lsg g;s]sf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udgaf6 kfOPsf] 5 . blnt tyf lk5l8Psf ju{nfO{<br />

lje]b, ljBfno tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf 5'jf5'thGo e]befj h:tf 36gfx¿ eO/x]sf<br />

5g\ . o:tf 36gfx¿sf] cGTosf] nflu sfg"gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog / r]tgfd"ns<br />

sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ ;fy;fy} n}hfg' cfjZos b]lvG5 .<br />

@=*= cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@=*=!= vfBfGg / ul/aL<br />

cfjZostfg';f/ plrt, kf]if0fo'Qm / :jR5 vfgf ;xh / ;'ne ¿kdf k|fKt ug'{<br />

JolQmsf] vfB;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xf] . vfB <strong>clwsf</strong>/ JolQmsf] afFRg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu<br />

k|ToIf ¿kdf ;DalGwt 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f<br />

@% n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkm" / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo / sNof0fsf] nflu vfBfGgsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

cGt/f{li6«o cg'jGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f !! n] k|To]s JolQmsf] ef]saf6 d'Qm x'g] cfwf/e"t<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ kof{Kt ef]hgsf] Joj:yfsf nflu kIf /fi6«x¿n] vfBfGgsf]<br />

pTkf<strong>bg</strong>, ;~ro tyf ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ ug] {, cfk"lt{sf] ;dGoflos ljt/0f ;'lglZrt ug]{<br />

bfloTj k|To]s /fHosf] x'g] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . dlxnflj?å x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj<br />

pGd"ng ug] { dxf;lGwsf] wf/f !@ n] dlxnfnfO{ ue{jtL, k|;'lt / k|;'ltkZrft\ kof{Kt<br />

kf]if0fsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ egL ljz]if Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @^ / @& -#_ n] kIf /fi6«n] afnaflnsfsf] kfngkf]if0fsf nflu<br />

;d'lrt Wofg l<strong>bg</strong>'kg]{ / kf]if0f;DaGwL ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'kg]{nufotsf Joj:yfdf<br />

ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . xfd|f] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] df}lns xsdf<br />

vfB <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . vfBfGgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf cfwf/e"t<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (17)


tTTjsf ¿kdf JolQmsf] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df kof{Kt vfBfGg, kf]if0fo'Qm vfBfGg,<br />

To;sf] pknAwtf, pkef]u ug{ of]Uo ;fy} ;'ne / kx'Frof]Uo x'g'kb{5 .<br />

g]kfndf ljutsf] t'ngfdf ef]sd/Lsf] cj:yf 36\b} uPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))% df<br />

@@ bzdna % k|ltzt ef]sd/L /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!$ df cfOk'Ubf 36]/ ^ bzdna $ df<br />

k'u]sf] 5 . ljZj ef]sd/L ;"rssf] ljZn]if0fadf]lhd ljZjdf &^ b]zdf vfB c;'/Iff<br />

b]lvPsf]df g]kfn $$cf}F gDa/df /x]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf vfB ckof{Kttf !% bzdna &<br />

k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udgaf6 afh'/f, aemfª, bfr' {nf, d'u', /f}tx6, 8f]Nkf,<br />

h'Dnf;lxtsf lhNnfx¿df k|ofKt vfBfGgsf] Joj:yf x'g g;s]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . r]kfª,<br />

/fp6], d';x/, blnt, jfbL, xlnof, af]6] ;d'bfox¿ j;]{gL ef]sd/Laf6 cTolws ¿kdf<br />

kLl8t eO/x]sf b]lvG5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf] cg'udg Pjd\ k|fKt ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df vfBfGgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cfwf/<br />

e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ¿kdf k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] eP<br />

tfklg hg;ª\Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f vfBfGgsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/af6 jl~rt /x]sf] cj:yf 5 .<br />

To;}u/L cTolws ljiffbLsf] k|of]u, pkef]Uo<br />

j:t'x¿df x'g] u/]sf] ld;fj6 / To;af6<br />

:jf:Yodf kg{ ;Sg] tfTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg<br />

c;/n] pkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

uDeL/ ¿kdf k|efljt x'g k'u]sf] cj:yf<br />

5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg'udgsf] qmddf ljz]iftM<br />

rf8kj{df bfn, lrgL, rfdn, t/sf/L,<br />

kmnkm"n, t]n b"w, kfgL, ld7fO{, df;',<br />

cf}ifwLh:tf b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'x¿sf]<br />

d"No j[l4 / a9L ld;fj6 x'g] u/]sf]<br />

kfOPsf] 5 . gfktf}ndf sdL x'g] u/]sf], pkef]Uo j:t'x¿sf] v/Lb tyf<br />

laqmL d"No kf/bzL{ gePsf] cj:yf 5 . cfk"lt{ Jojl:yt x'g g;s]sf], u'0f:t/<br />

dfkb08cg'¿k gePsf] tyf k|efjsf/L cg'udg / lgodg x'g g;Sbf cfdgful/ssf]<br />

vfB <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|efljt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] hglxtljk/Lt sfo{ tTsfn /f]Sg /<br />

bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf Nofpg ;DalGwt lgsfox¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .<br />

vfB ;'/Iff, vfB ;Dk|e'tf / ;'/lIft vfBfGgsf] nflu ;/sf/n] k|efjsf/L sfo{qmd<br />

;~rfng ug{ / pTkf<strong>bg</strong> a9fpg Jofj;flos v]tLsf] k|a4{g / :yfgLo pTkf<strong>bg</strong>nfO{<br />

k|f]T;flxt ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5 .<br />

(18) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ 3'DtL lzlj/, /;'jfn]<br />

cg'udgsf] qmddf lhNnfsf]<br />

gf}lj;]l:yt c:yfoL lzlj/df<br />

al;/x]sf e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ vfBfGgsf]<br />

cefj /x]sf] hfgsf/L kfPkZrft\<br />

k|lhcnufot b}jL k|sf]k p4f/<br />

;ldltsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ pQm ;d:of<br />

af/] cjut u/fO{ pgLx¿nfO{ tTsfn}<br />

cfjZos vfBfGg ljt/0f ug{ cfu|x<br />

u¥of] . h;sf sf/0f lzlj/df /x]sf<br />

@#$ kl/jf/n] rfdn nufotsf<br />

vfBfGg k|fKt u/]sf lyP .<br />

;|f]tM e"sDk / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ e"sDk, @)&@ df <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, k]h g+= $%


ul/aL 36]sf] egL ;dfrf/x¿ cfO/x] klg blnt, ;LdfGts[t, hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfo,<br />

lk5l8Psf] ju{ / s0ff{nL tyf ;'b'/klZrd If]qsf] ul/aL b/ pRr 5 . ;/sf/n] pv' /<br />

wfgsf] plrt d"No ;dodf g} tf]Sg g;Sbf To;sf] df/ pTkfbsju{ jf ls;fgdfly<br />

kg{ k'u]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] @% lhNnfdf ul/aL klxrfg tYofª\s ;ª\sng u/]sf] eP<br />

klg nlIft sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng ePsf] 5}g . ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifn] %%<br />

lhNNffdf ;~rfng u/]sf] ljz]if sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ul/aLsf] sf/0f<br />

vfg gk'Ug] g]kfnL !% bzdna & k|ltzt 5g\ eg] nufpg] n'ufsf] cefj !^ bzdna<br />

& k|ltznfO{ 5 . ul/aLsf] sf/0f lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfBBfGg, u'0f:t/Lo hLjg lgjf{xdf<br />

r'gf}tL 5 . ;/sf/n] wgL / ul/aaLrsf] vf8n sd ug{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfo{qmd<br />

;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5 .<br />

cfly{s, ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;'zf;gsf] cefj / e|i6frf/ 7"nf] r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf /x]sf]<br />

5 . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ;"rscg';f/ ;g\ @)!# df e|i6frf/<br />

x'g] d'n'sx¿sf] !!^cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] g]kfn @)!$ df !@^ cf} F / @)!% df !#)<br />

cf}F :yfgdf k'u]sf] 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f / cfly{s–;fdflhs If]qdf k|ult xfl;n ug{<br />

nlIft ju{ sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng u/L ;'zf;g sfod ug{ g]kfn ;/<br />

sf/cGtu{tsf lgsfo pQ/bfoL / lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

vfBfGg;DaGwL @ j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=*=@= lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

lzIff kfpg' k|To]s JolQmsf] cfwf/e"t Pjd\ df}lns <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xf] . ;fdfGotofM<br />

k|hftflGqs d'n'ssf ;+ljwfgdf df}lns xscGtu{t cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{<br />

/ lgMz'Ns u/]sf] kfOG5 . lzIff k|fKt ug'{ eg]sf];fIf/ x'g', k|df0fkq k|fKt ug' {dfq<br />

xf]Og, ;xh hLjgofkg, gjLg 1fg, ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu kl/lrt Pjd\ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

/ cGt/f{li6«o >d ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Ifd x'g' klg xf] . lzIffsf] nflu /fHon]<br />

;fwg, ;|f]t pknAw u/fO{ lzIffdf lagf e]befj kx'Frsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 .<br />

lzIffsf] ljifoj:t' ;dfh ;fk]If jf :jLsfo{ / ;dfhdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ cfTd;ft<br />

ug{ ;Sg] k|s[ltsf] x'g'kb{5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqsf] wf/f @^ n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;df slDtdf k|fylds tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns pknAw<br />

x'g'kg]{, k|f/lDes lzIff clgjfo{, k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIffdf ;a}sf] kx'Frof]Uo<br />

x'g'kg]{ ;fy} afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIffsf] 5gf]6 ug]{ k"0f{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/ x'g] k|fjwfg 5 . cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o k|lt1fkq, !(^^ wf/f !# n]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (19)


<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo JolQmTj tyf k|lti7fsf] ljsf;tkm{ lzIff lgb]{lzt x'g] / lzIffn] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

tyf df}lns :jtGqtfk|ltsf] ;Ddfg ;'b[9 ug]{ s'/fdf kIf /fi6« ;xdt x'Fb} k|To]s kIf<br />

/fi6«n] k|fylds lzIff clgjfo{ / ;a}nfO{ lgMz'Ns pknAw x'g] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .<br />

afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @* / @( df afnaflnsfnfO{<br />

lzIffdf e]befj ug{ gx'g], k|fylds lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns x'g'kg]{ / lzIffdf<br />

kxF'r la:tf/ ug{ hf]8 l<strong>bg</strong>'kg]{ ljifonfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . dlxnflj?å x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf<br />

e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f !) / !$ n] hfthflt, j0f{, lnª\u, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> jf<br />

;fdflhs pTklQsf] e]befjlagf dlxnfnfO{ lzIff / tfnLdsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{kg]{<br />

pNn]v 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ n] df}lns xscGtu{t lzIff tyf ;F:s[lt;DaGwL<br />

xssf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;f] Joj:yfcg';f/ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf<br />

Joj:yf ePadf]lhd dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g] s'/fdf hf]8<br />

lbPsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd cfkm\gf]<br />

dft[efiffdf cfwf/e"t lzIff kfpg] xs x'g] / g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{ ] k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{<br />

cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;F:s[lt, ;fF:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{] xs<br />

x'g]5 egL pNn]v 5 .<br />

g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf @)^* adf]lhd ^% bzdna ( k|ltzt ;fIf/tf b/df qmlds ;'wf/<br />

eO/x]sf] 5 . sIff ! sf] v'b egf{ b/ (% bzdna ^ / cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] *^ bzdna<br />

# k'u]sf] 5 eg] dfWolds lzIffsf] s'n egf{b/ ## bzdna @ k|ltzt 5 . o;af6<br />

ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ pRr /x]sf] b]lvG5, h'g aflnsfdf a9L 5 . dft[efiffdf k|fylds<br />

lzIff ;~rfng ug{ ax'eflifs lzIff lgb]{lzsf, @)^^ hf/L ePkl5 !^ j6f dft[efiffdf<br />

kf7\oqmd tof/ eO{ @$ j6f ljBBfnodf nfu" ePsf] 5 . lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns<br />

agfpg] ;/sf/L gLlt Jojxf/tM nfu" x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cf=j= @)^&÷)^* df !&<br />

bzdna !! k|ltzt;Dd ah]6 5'6ØfOPsf]df cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ df !! bzdna ^<br />

k|ltztdf ;Lldt ePsf] 5 . ah]6sf] s/La &) k|ltzt /sd lzIfs tna–eQfd} vr{<br />

x'g] u/]sf] 5 .<br />

plrt Joj:yfkg / cg'udgdf sdL Pjd\ hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cefjh:tf sf/0fx¿af6<br />

;/sf/L ljBfnox¿df u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] cefjdf ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx¿sf]<br />

cfsif{0f lghL ljBfnotkm{ a9\bf] 5 . ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sfdWo] @) bzdna *<br />

k|ltztsf] dfq dfWolds lzIffdf kx'Fr b]lvG5 . lghL / ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 b'O{<br />

lsl;dsf] z}lIfs hgzlQm pTkf<strong>bg</strong> eO{ lzIffdf lje]b a9\b} uPsf] 5 . dft[efiffdf lzIff<br />

k|fKt ug]{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf Jojxf/df cfpg g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljBfnox¿<br />

n}ª\lusd}qL x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . lxdfnL lhNnfx¿df k|To]s jif{ kf7Øk':ts<br />

;dodf k'Ub}gg\ .<br />

(20) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


ljBfno zflGtIf]q xf] eGg] dfGotfljk/Lt aGb, x8\tfn tyf ljBfyL{nfO{ hDdf u/fO{<br />

ul/g] ;ef, ¥ofnLh:tf sfo{ lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/df afws aGb} cfPsf 5g\ . alxis/0fdf<br />

k/]sf ju{, If]q, ;d'bfonfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljBfno kf]zfs, vfhfnufotsf ljljw<br />

kIfdf bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf sbd rfNg cfjZos 5 . ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ jftfj/0fsf<br />

nflu ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;dod} kf7Øk':tssf] pknAwtfdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpFb}<br />

ljBfnonfO{ /fhgLltaf6 cnu /fVg ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx¿n] lhDd]jf/Laf]w ug{<br />

h?/L 5 . ;/sf/n] lgMz'Ns / u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug]{ gLlt k|efjsf/L ¿kdf<br />

sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . åGå kLl8t tyf lj:yflkt, aflnsf, blnt, lk5l8Psf]<br />

;d'bfo tyf ul/anufot cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfosf kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfnfO{ cj;/<br />

k|bfg ug{ 5fqj[lQ tyf ljBfnodf vfhf / kf]zfs ljt/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ yk la:tf/<br />

u/L ljBfno 5f8\g] b/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{kb{5 . o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

xgg\ ePsf] egL # j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=*=#= :jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

:jf:Yo;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cfwf/e"t <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xf] . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL<br />

3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f @% n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo / lxtsf]<br />

nflu :jf:Yof]krf/sf] ;'ljwf, la/fdL, czQmtf, a'9];sfndf ;'/Iff kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o<br />

k|lt1fkq, !(^^ sf] wf/f !@ -!_ n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|fKt x'g ;Sg] pRrtd k|fKo:t/sf]<br />

zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s :jf:Yo pkef]u ug]{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;a} k|sf/sf<br />

hftLo e]befj pGd"ng ljifos dxf;lGw, !(^% sf] wf/f % -ª_ n] /fHoaf6 ;fj{hlgs<br />

:jf:Yo, cf}ifwf]krf/ k|fKt ug]{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ lagf e]befj pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf<br />

u/]sf] 5 . dlxnflj?å x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ljifos, !(&( sf] wf/f !!<br />

/ !@ df dlxnf :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @$ n] afnaflnsfnfO{ k|fKt x'g ;Sg] pRr:t/sf] :jf:Yo <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

pkef]u ug{ tyf /f]<strong>usf</strong>] pkrf/ ug{ kfpg] / :jf:Yosf] k'gnf{e kfpg] ;'ljwfnfO{<br />

:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ df k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd<br />

cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns ¿kdf kfpg] xs x'g]5 egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

/fHosf gLltcGtu{t hgtfsf] lzIff, :jf:Yoh:tf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿sf] ljsf; u/L<br />

hg;fwf/0fsf] hLjg:t/ j[l4 ug]{ pNn]v 5 . dlxnf ju{sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf]<br />

ljz]if Joj:yf u/L /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ljsf;df ;xefuL agfpg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . lakGg<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (21)


gful/snfO{ pkrf/ vr{ tyf cfly{s ;xfotf sf]if, @)^( nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . o;<br />

k|fjwfgcg';f/ cfly{s ¿kdf ljkGg gful/snfO{ s8f /f]u nfu]sf] v08df g]kfndf<br />

jf ljb]zdf uO{ pkrf/ u/fpFbf a9Ldf Ps nfv ?lkofF cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{ k|bfg ug{<br />

;lsg] pNn]v 5 . /fHon] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ lgMz'Ns ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg]<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf hgfpg' ;sf/fTds kIf xf] . kl/jf/ lgof]hg, ue{ktg ;]jf, afFemf]kg lgjf/0f,<br />

;'/lIft dft[Tj, gjhft lzz'sf] ;'/Iff, of}ghGo ;?jf /f]u, afnaflnsf / h]i7<br />

gful/ssf] :jf:Yo pkrf/df ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jfdf gful/ssf] kx'Fr<br />

k'¥ofpg cfwf/e"t vf]k tyf cf}ifwLx¿ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ k|;'lt ;]jfnfO{ b]zJofkL<br />

la:tf/ ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] kfOG5 .<br />

xfn *# k|ltzt /x]sf] vf]k b/nfO{ !)) k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] nIo lnOPsf] 5 . dft[<br />

d[To'b/ @*!, kfFr jif{d'lgsf] afn d[To'b/ %$ / lzz' d[To'b/ $^ df em/]sf] 5 .<br />

g]kfnn] dft[ / lzz' d[To'b/df xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAw k|z+;gLo 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf]<br />

cg'udg ul/Psf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>cg';f/ lgMz'Ns ¿kdf pknAw x'g]<br />

elgPsf cf}ifwLx¿sf] cefj, u'0f:t/Lotf h:tf ;d:ofx¿ cg'udg ul/Psf ;a}<br />

If]qdf kfOPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L c:ktfnx¿df Joj:Yfkg kIf sdhf]/ x'Fbf gful/sx¿sf]<br />

kx'Fr / ;]jf k|efljt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . vf;u/L df]km;nsf c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:<br />

yfx¿df lrlsT;s Pjd\ :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] cefj Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf]<br />

kfOPsf] 5 . lrlsT;s tyf :jf:YosdL{x¿ zx/L If]qdf a:g ?rfpg] sf/0f b'u{d<br />

If]qdf hgzlQmsf] cefj /x]sf] kfOG5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df k"jf{wf/ / ;/;kmfOsf]<br />

cefj /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd\sf s'g} klg c:ktfnx¿df ;3g pkrf/ sIf<br />

gePsf] / <strong>clwsf</strong>+z lhNnf c:ktfnx¿df k|;'lt /f]u ljz]if1sf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 .<br />

ljleGg ;dodf km}lng] dxfdf/Laf6 JolQmx¿n] hLjg u'dfpg'k/]sf] eP klg To;nfO{<br />

;Daf]wg ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n] tbf?stf gb]vfpg] / ;dGjosf] cefjh:tf ;d:<br />

ofx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ .<br />

c:ktfnnufot hg:jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt cTofjZosLo ;+:yf aGb x'g' / aGb x'g]<br />

jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g' b'vb kIf xf] . ;/sf/L c:ktfndf /f]huf/L ul//x]sf lrlsT;sx¿n]<br />

lghL c:ktfn tyf lSnlgsx¿df a9L ;do lbFbf ;/sf/L c:ktfnx¿sf] ;]jfdf<br />

k|ToIf k|efj kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5 . bIf hgzlQm ljb]lzg] qmd a9\bf] 5 . :jf:Yo If]qdf<br />

a9\bf] Joj;foLs/0fn] ;/sf/L c:ktfn ul/ax¿sf] nflu dfq xf] eGg] dgf]j[lQ ljsf;<br />

x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .<br />

(22) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


:jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/cGtu{t klg dfgl;s :jf:Yon] cem} klg k|fyldstf kfpg ;s]sf]<br />

5}g . cfjZosdfqfdf xf]d u[xsf] la:tf/ Pjd\ dfgl;s la/fdLx¿sf] oyf]lrt Joj:yfkg<br />

x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; k|s[ltsf la/fdLx¿n] pkrf/sf] nflu /fhwfgLsf c:ktfndf e/<br />

kg'{k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . PrcfO{eL P8\;af6 ;ª\qmldtx¿sf] ;ª\Vof @% xhf/ @ ;o @@<br />

hgf /x]sf] 5, h;df k'?if !% xhf/ * ;o #& hgf, dlxnf ( xhf/ # ;o $$ hgf,<br />

afnaflnsf !* ;o ^$ hgf / t];|f] lnËL # ;o ^# hgf /x]sf 5g\ . cGo ;d"xdf<br />

PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldtx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36\bf] eP klg ;dlnËL k'?ifx¿df o;sf] b/ l:y/<br />

/x]sf] kfOG5 .<br />

ef}uf]lns ljs6tf, tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf hgzlQm ghfg] jf hfg gdfGg] k|j[lt, bIf<br />

hgzlQmsf] cefj, lgMz'Ns cf}ifwLaf/]df cfd ;j{;fwf/0f ;';"lrt gx'g', tL cf}ifwL<br />

;xh ¿kdf k|fKt gx'g', cf}iflw tyf cGo ;|f]t, ;fwgsf] cefj, hL0f{ pks/0f tyf<br />

ul/aL, /fhgLlts jftfj/0fnufotsf sf/0fx¿af6 cfdgful/ssf] u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo<br />

;]jfdf kx'Frsf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf cj/f]wx¿nfO{ x6fpg ;/sf/L gLlt tyf<br />

sfo{qmddf ;'wf/ u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;<br />

cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf :jf:Yo <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\;DaGwL & j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=*=$= cfjf;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fFs[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] Ps dxTTjk"0f{ ljifosf] ¿kdf /x]sf]<br />

cfjf;nfO{ hLjg lgjf{xsf] cfwf/e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ¿kdf lnOG5 . cfjf;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

dflg;sf nflu ;Ddfgk"j{s hLjgofksf nflu cTofjZos k"jf{wf/ klg xf] .<br />

cfjf;cGtu{tsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/df k"jf{wf/sf] pknAwtf, kx'Frof]Uo, a;f]jf;of]Uo,pko'Qm :yfg,<br />

;fF:s[lts ¿kdf pko'Qm Pjd\ sfg"gL ;+/If0f cfjZos dflgG5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f @%-!_ df k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] / cfˆgf]<br />

kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo / sNof0fsf nflu vfBfGg, nQfsk8f, cfjf;, cf}ifwf]krf/sf] ;'ljwf<br />

/ cfjZos ;fdflhs ;]jfnufot hLljsf]kfh{gsf pkfosf cefjdf ;'/Iff kfpg]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ x'g] pNn]vpNn]v 5 . To;}u/L gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f !@ -!_ n] s'g} /fi6«sf] If]qleq sfg"gL ¿kdf<br />

/x]sf] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;f] If]qleq cfˆgf] cfjf; /f]Hg kfpg] :jtGqtfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<br />

xsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o<br />

cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f !!-!_ n] cfjf;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/k|flKt ;'lglZrt ug{ pko'Qm sbd<br />

rfNg] k|fjwfg 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] /fHosf gLltcGtu{t b]zsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf<br />

nflu cfly{s nufgLsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f u/L ;a} If]qsf hgtfsf] lzIff, :jf:Yo,<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (23)


oftfoft, cfjf; / /f]huf/L h:tf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿sf] ljsf; u/L hg;fwf/0fsf]<br />

hLjg:t/ j[l4 ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;sf cnfjf df}lns<br />

xscGtu{t gful/snfO{ g]kfne/ cfjthfjt / a;f]af; ug]{ :jtGqtf;DaGwL pNn]v<br />

ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjf; gLltcGtu{t ul/asf nflu of]hgfa4 a:tL ljsf; sfo{qmd<br />

sfo{ljlw tof/ u/]sf] / hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . ;'s'Daf;L,<br />

xlnof tyf jfbLnuftosf ;LdfGts[t / hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfosf] nflu cfjf;<br />

sfo{qmd ckof{Kt 5 .<br />

e"sDk, af9L, klx/f]nufotsf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx¿af6 3/jf/ljxLgx¿sf] ;ª\Vof a9\bf]<br />

5 . cem @)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk / To;kl5sf k/fsDkaf6<br />

3/jf/ljxLg gful/sx¿sf] ;ª\Vof Ps}k6s a9\g uPsf] 5 . e"sDkaf6 s"n ^ nfv<br />

$ xhf/ ( ;o #) 3/ k"0f{ ¿kdf / / @ nfv ** xhf/ * ;o %^ j6f 3/ cf+lzs<br />

¿kdf Ifltu|:t ePsf] tYofª\s 5 . e"sDkaf6 3/ u'dfPsf JolQmx¿sf] k'gM:yfkgfsf]<br />

nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . 3/<br />

u'dfP/ c:yfoL 6x/f / lqkfndf a;f]af; ul//x]sf kLl8tx¿sf] hf8f]sf] sf/0f d[To'<br />

ePsf] tYo k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . o;af6 afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s, ;'Ts]/L dlxnf /<br />

lj/fdLx¿ a9L dfqfdf k|efljt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts ljjfbsf sf/0f gLlt<br />

lgdf{0f / ;+oGq lgdf{0fdf l9nfO x'g] Pjd\ ltgsf] sfof{Gjog ;Gtf]ifhgs gx'g] h:tf<br />

sf/0faf6 kLl8tx¿ /fHon] pknAw u/fpg k|lta4tf u/]sf] ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt<br />

x'g k'u]sf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . :yfgLosf] efjgfcg';f/ gd'gf 3/<br />

lgdf{0ftkm{ Wofg gk'¥ofpbf, cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> ;Demf}tf hl6n x'Fbf, ;dodf cg'gfg k|fKt gxFbf,<br />

;/sf]sf/jfnfaLrsf] ;dGjo k|efjsf/L aGg g;Sbf nufotsf sf/0f klg e"sDk<br />

kLl8tsf] cj:yf bogLo aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ;SsnL / gSsnL kLl8t 5'6Øfpg sl7gfO<br />

x'Fbf :yfgLo txdf åGå lglDtg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L af9L, klx/f]kLl8tx¿nfO{<br />

tTsfnLg s]xL /fxt pknAw u/fpg]afx]s pgLx¿sf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] nflu 7f]; sfo{<br />

x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .<br />

t/fO{df d';x/nufotsf ;d'bfo plrt jf;:yfg / zf}rfno cflbaf6 jl~rt x'g<br />

k'u]sf 5g\ . k/fnsf] 5fk|f]df hLjg u'hfg'{kg]{ l:yltn] zLtnx/af6 pTkGg x'g]<br />

;d:ofaf6 u|l;t x'g'k/]sf] 5 . ;'s'Daf;Lsf] ;df:of ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6<br />

ePsf] k|of; ckof{Kt / k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/ ;d:ofk|lt ;+j]<strong>bg</strong>zLn x'g<br />

g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf sltko a:tLx¿ 8/, wfswDsL / c;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt u/]sf<br />

(24) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


5g\ . e"ldxLg u/La kl/jf/nfO{ cfjf;sf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg /fHon] 7f]; gLlt<br />

th'{df u/L To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf] lbuf]<br />

;dfwfgsf] nflu cfjZos sbd rfNg cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

cfjf;;DaGwL # j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=*=%= >d tyf /f]huf/Lsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/f]huf/Lsf] xs gful/sn] cfˆgf] of]Uotf, rfxgfcg';f/sf] sfd k|flKtsf] ;fy} ;Ddfgk"0f{<br />

hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] cfwf/e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xf] . /f]huf/;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ljleGg<br />

b:tfj]hx¿df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($*<br />

sf] wf/f @# n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ sfdsf], /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGq 5gf]6, sfdsf pko'Qm /<br />

cg's"n cj:yf, a]/f]huf/L lj?å ;+/If0fsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/;d]t ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . gful/s<br />

tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f @@ n] k|To]s<br />

JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] lxtsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu 6«]8 o'lgogx¿ vf]Ng] / To;df ;lDdlnt x'g]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o<br />

k|lt1fkq, !(^^ sf] wf/f ^ b]lv ( ;Dd sfdsf] 5gf]6 ug]{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/, pTkf<strong>bg</strong>d"ns<br />

/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/nufotsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnflj?åsf ;a}<br />

k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(&( sf] wf/f !! df kIf /fi6«x¿n] k'?if<br />

/ dlxnfsf] ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df /f]huf/Lsf] 5gf]6sf] lgldQ ;dfg dfkb08sf] k|of]u,<br />

/f]huf/Ldf ;dfg cj;/sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, /f]huf/Lsf] :jtGq ¿kn] 5gf]6 ug]{nufotsf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;a} lsl;dsf hftLo e]befj pGd"ng;DaGwL<br />

cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw, !(^% sf] wf/f % df hftLo e]befjlagf kIf /fi6«x¿n] k|To]s<br />

JolQmsf] ;dfgtfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|Tofe"t ug' {kg]{ / ;f]xL wf/fsf] v08 -ª_ -!_ df k|To]s<br />

JolQmnfO{ sfd ug]{, :j]R5fn] /f]huf/L /f]Hg], sfdsf] plrt / cg's"n cj:yf k|fKt ug]{,<br />

a]/f]huf/Llj?å ;+/If0f kfpg], ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg kfl/>lds kfpg]nufotsf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;DaGwdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ n] /f]huf/LnfO{<br />

df}lns xssf] ¿kdf lnO{ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k]zf, /f]huf/sf] :jtGqtfsf] Joj:yf<br />

u/]sf] 5 . To:t} /f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL xssf] Joj:yf ub}{ k|To]s gful/<br />

snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g] pNn]v 5 .<br />

/f]huf/Lsf] xsnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] df}lns xssf] ¿kdf /fv]sf] 5 . tyflk,<br />

d'n'sdf a]/f]huf/L b/ $^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿n] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿<br />

l;h{gf ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf eP klg /f]huf/Lsf] ;'/Iff / Go"gQd kfl/>lds;DaGwL<br />

;d:ofx¿ Jofks 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] o'jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd klg<br />

/fhgLtLs/0fsf sf/0f k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . nfdf] ;ª\qmd0fsfn / /fhgLlts<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (25)


cl:yt/tf h:tf sf/0fx¿af6 nufgLsf] jftfj/0f gx'g' Pjd\ u|fdL0f If]qdf ljQLo<br />

;+:yfx¿sf] kx'Fr cefjsf sf/0f nufgLsf] jftfj/0fsf] cefjdf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿<br />

a9\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . lghL If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] ;'/Iff sdhf]/ 5 . a]/f]huf/ eQf pknAw<br />

u/fpg] <strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . /f]huf/Lsf] cefjsf] sf/0f o'jf<br />

hgzlQm j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ljb]lzg] qmd a9\b} uPsf] 5 .<br />

cgf}krfl/s If]qdf sfo{/t dhb'/x¿sf] cj:yf cem bogLo 5 . >ldsx¿sf] ;]jf,<br />

;'ljwf Go'g 5 / ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] Go"gQd kfl/>lds;DaGwL Joj:yf k"0f{tM nfu"<br />

ePsf] 5}g . aLdf;DaGwL Joj:yf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf nfu' x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;dfg<br />

sfdsf nflu dlxnf / k'?ifaLr Hofnfdf cem} klg lje]b sfod} 5 . o; cf=j=df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf cfjf;sf] xs;DaGwL ! ph"/L btf{ ePsf] 5 .<br />

@=*=^= pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

k|To]s JolQmn] j:t' jf ;]jf pkef]u jf k|of]u ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf k|To]s JolQm pkef]Qmf dflgG5 .<br />

hLjgofkgsf nflu u'0f:t/Lo j:t' jf ;]jf v/Lbstf{ jf k|of]ustf{ g} pkef]Qmf x'g\ .<br />

;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f dfu{lgb{]zg, !(*% n] pkef]QmfnfO{<br />

;'/Iffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, ;'lrt x'g] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, 5gf]6sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, ;'g'jfOsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, pkef]Qmf<br />

lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, Ifltk"lt{sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, cfwf/e"t cfjZostfdf kx'Frsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

:jR5 tyf :j:Yo jftfj/0fsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f @% sf] -!_ df k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] / cfˆgf]<br />

kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo / sNof0fsf] nflu vfBfg, sk8f, cfjf; / cf}ifwf]krf/sf] ;'ljwf<br />

/ cfjZos ;fdflhs ;]jfx¿nufot kof{Kt hLjg:t/sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ tyf a]/f]huf/L,<br />

la/fdL, czQmtf, ljwjf, j[4fj:yf jf cfˆgf] sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:yltdf lhljsf]kfh{gsf<br />

pkfosf cefjdf ;'/Iff kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ x'g]5 eGg] pNn]vpNn]v 5 . To:t} cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f !! -!_<br />

df k|To]s JolQmsf] kof{Kt cfh{g, n'uf tyf cfjf;;d]t cfkm" :jo+ / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf]<br />

kof{Kt hLjg:t/sf] lg/Gt/ ;'wf/sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNn]v 5 . pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)%$<br />

n] klg oL <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ;+/lIft u/]sf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 hf/L pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg'udg dfu{lgb]{lzsf<br />

adf]lhd <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cg'udg sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYonfO{ x]bf{<br />

pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|rngsf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}g . vfB tyf k]o kbfy{ h:tf<br />

b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jf If]qdf cTolws lj;ª\ult b]lvPsf] 5 . ;xh cfk"lt{<br />

/ vfB ;'/Iffsf] cefj, cvfB j:t' ld;fj6, Dofb gf3]sf vfB j:t'sf] ljqmL, s[lqd<br />

(26) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


d"No j[l4, u'0f:t/ / gfktf}ndf sdL, j:t' jf pTkf<strong>bg</strong> ;~ro jf e08f/0f, 9'jfgL<br />

ug{ / j:t' ;'/lIft /fVg g;lsPsf] cj:yf 5 . j:t'sf] cf];f/k;f/, u|fxsnfO{ kof{Kt<br />

;"rgf Pjd\ hfgsf/L / ;ts{tfsf nflu n]jlnª cflbdf k|z:t sdLsdhf]/L 5g\ .<br />

u|fxsnfO{ unt ;"rgf / k|nf]egdf kfg{] lj1fkg k|rf/k|;f/ cflb d'Vo ;d:ofsf ¿kdf<br />

b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . lkmtnf] ;/sf/L cg'udg, sfnf]ahf/Ldfly sf/afxL ePsf] cg'e"lt<br />

x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . Psflt/ ahf/ :jR5 / k|lt:kwf{Tds x'g g;s]sf]<br />

l:ylt 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cg'udg / lgodgsf] lhDd]jf/ jfl0fHo ljefunufotsf ;/sf/L<br />

lgsfosf sfd sf/afxL k|efjsf/L / kf/bzL{ b]lvFb}gg\ . o;afx]s ;|f]t / ;fwg Pjd\<br />

;dGjosf] cefj, bIf hgzlQm, k|ljlw k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnfsf] sdL / k|efjsf/L tyf<br />

cBfjlws lgod sfg"gsf] cefj klg o;sf nflu sf/stTTjsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

b]zsf] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k|0ffnL l;l08s]6nufotsf ;d:ofaf6 u|l;t x'g', ;/sf/n]<br />

ef8f 36fpg lgb]{zg lbFbf klg ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ef8f g36\g', ljB't tyf :jR5 lkpg]<br />

kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ lgoldt x'g g;Sg', j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] d"No lgwf{/0f k|lqmof Gofo;+ut<br />

gx'g', pkef]Qmfn] Uof;nufot cTofjZosLo j:t' tyf ;]jf ;xh k|lqmofaf6 k|fKt<br />

ug{ g;Sg', c:jfefljs ¿kdf d"Noj[l4 x'g', j:t' tyf ;]jfaf/] e|dk"0f{ lj1fkg<br />

cfpg', cfk"mdfly cGofo x'Fbf pkef]Qmfn] sfg"gL pkrf/ gkfpg' h:tf ;d:ofx¿af6<br />

cfdpkef]Qmf cfˆgf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .<br />

j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/, pknAwtf / Gofof]lrt d"No lgwf{/0f k|lqmofaf/] cg'udg<br />

ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg, pkef]Qmf lzIff k|j4{g ug{ tyf<br />

pkef]Qmfsf] lxtljk/Ltsf ultljlwdf ;+nUgx¿dfly 5fgljg u/L sfg"gL sf/afxL ug{<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljz]if Wofg l<strong>bg</strong> cfjZos b]lvG5 .<br />

@=(= ;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] a]Un} dxfzfvf :yfkgf u/L ;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/leq <strong>cfof</strong>]un] dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/, Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/, cNk;ª\Vos tyf cflbjf;Lx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

-l;Gw'nL÷9f]/kf6g_, dfgl;s :jf:y, ljsf;nufotsf ljifox¿df ultljlw ;~rfng<br />

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

@=(=!= afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw, !(*( n] !* jif{d'lgsf JolQmx¿nfO{<br />

afnaflnsfsf] ¿kdf dfGotf lbOPsf] 5 . afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGwnufotsf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (27)


cGo b:tfj]hdf pNn]vpNn]lvt k|fjwfg<br />

x]bf{ afnaflnsfsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ afnarfpsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, afn ljsf;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, afn ;+/If0fsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ / afn ;xeflutfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ¿kdf<br />

ljefhg ul/Psf] kfOG5 . g]kfn kIf /fi6«<br />

ePsf] afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*(<br />

df oL rf/} k|sf/sf afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿sf] af/]df<br />

pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@<br />

sf] wf/f #( n] k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf]<br />

klxrfg tyf gfdsf] xs x'g], kfngkf]if0f,<br />

cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|fKt ug]{<br />

xs x'g], zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} klg<br />

lsl;dsf] zf]if0flj?åsf] xs x'g] Joj:yf 5 .<br />

To;}u/L c;xfo, cgfy, ;':t dgl:ylt, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pjd\ hf]lvddf k/]sf /<br />

;8s afnaflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g], afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/<br />

vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg jf ;]gf, k|x/L jf åGådf k|of]u<br />

ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg'udg, cg';Gwfg Pjd\ k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmdx¿ ub}{ cfPsf]<br />

5 . ;a} afnaflnsf ljBfnodf egf{ x'g g;Sg], pRr ljBfno 5f8\g] pRr b/, aGb<br />

x8\tfn cflbaf6 k7gkf7gdf k/]sf] c;/, ul/aL tyf ef}uf]lns ljs6tfnufotsf<br />

sf/0faf6 lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/af6 afnaflnsf al~rt eO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L<br />

b'u{d If]q tyf s]xL cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfo, blnt ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx¿df cem} klg<br />

lzIffsf] af/]df r]tgfsf] sdL b]lvG5 . 3/, kl/jf/ / ljBfnodf afnaflnsfdfly x'g]<br />

ef}lts ;hfo -Corporal Punishment_ klg afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf<br />

/x]sf] 5 .<br />

afn>d afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf 7"Nff] r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] s"n<br />

hg;ª\Vofsf ## bzdna ( k|ltzt afnaflnsf afn>ddf / s/La ^ nfv @)<br />

afnaflnsf hf]lvdo'Qm >ddf /x]sf 5g\ . zx/L tyf t/fO{–dw]zsf] If]qdf 3/]n'<br />

afn>lds, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf lqmofzLn afn>lds, oftfoft If]qdf ;+nUg afn>lds,<br />

xf]6n cflb Joj;fo / dgf]/~hgsf] If]qdf ;+nUg afn>ldsnufotsf ;d:ofx¿<br />

5g\ eg] kxf8L / lxdfnL If]qdf afnaflnsfx¿ el/ofsf] ¿kdf ;d]t ;+nUg ePsf<br />

kfOG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] afn>d pGd"ngsf] nflu NofPsf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf]<br />

k|efjsfl/tf b]lvg ;s]sf] 5}g .<br />

(28) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rljvgsf<br />

nflu sxlnPsf] / e"sDkkl5 o:tf ultljlw<br />

emg a9\g yfn]sf] dx;'; u/L 3'DtL lzlj/,<br />

l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] kxndf o'lg;]km, lhNnf<br />

afnsNof0f ;ldlt / dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf<br />

sfof{no;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;+o'Qm ;xsfo{df<br />

lhNnfsf agb]p, ef]6]rf}/ / afx'gkf6Ldf<br />

tLgj6f r]s KjfOG6 :yfkgf ul/of] . pQm<br />

k|of;sf sf/0f lhNnfaf6 aflx/ a]rlavg<br />

tyf cf];f/k;f/ ug{ nfg nfluPsf !^*<br />

hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ a]rlavg x'gaf6<br />

hf]ufO 3/ lkmtf{ k7fpg 3'DtL lzlj/<br />

;kmn eof] .<br />

;|f]tM e"sDk / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ e"sDk, @)&@ df <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, k]h g+= &&


afnaflnsfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf 7"Nff] r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf<br />

/x]sf 5g\ . vf;u/L aflnsfx¿ of}gb'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8t eO/x]sf 5g\ . afnljjfx<br />

csf]{ 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf] . hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ !$ jif{d'lgsf !! bzdna % k|ltzt<br />

afnaflnsfsf] afnljjfx x'g] ub{5 . o:t} ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM<br />

:yfkgf sfo{ klg k|efjsf/L gePsf] kfOG5 . s}nfnL 36\gfdf cfGbf]ngsf/Laf6 ! /<br />

t/fO{–dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ?kGb]xLdf k|x/Lsf] uf]nL nfuL ! afnssf] d[To' ePsf]<br />

lyof] .<br />

d'n'sdf %($ j6f afnu[x ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\, h;df !^ xhf/ ^ ;o !&<br />

afnaflnsf a;f]jf; ul//x]sf 5g\ . cleefjs ePsf afnsflnsfnfO{ ;d]t k|nf]eg<br />

lbO{ afnu[xdf /fVg] ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . u}/;/sf/L:t/df ;~rflnt sltko afnu[xn]<br />

sfg"gadf]lhd lng'kg]{ cg'dlt glnO{ afnu[x ;~rfng u/]sf], k"jf{wf/;DaGwL zt{ k"/f<br />

gu/]sf], afnu[xdf afnaflnsfdfly zf]if0f x'g] u/]sf], afnafnlnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/<br />

tyf a]rlavgh:tf 36gfx¿ ;d]t ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL o;<br />

cf=j=df & j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=(=@= dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f ! df ;a} JolQm hGdhft<br />

:jtGq tyf k|lti7f / <strong>clwsf</strong>/df ;dfg 5g\ eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL 3f]if0ffkqsf]<br />

wf/f @ df ;a} <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lagf n}ª\lus lje]b ;a}nfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf k|fKt x'g] s'/fdf<br />

hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos k|lt1fkq, !(^^ / cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o k|lt1fkq, !(^^ sf] wf/f @<br />

/ # n] kIf /fi6«x¿nfO{ cle;lGwdf pNn]v <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lagf n}ª\lus lje]b ;Ddfg /<br />

;'lglZrt ug{ /fHokIfnfO{ lgb]{zg u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnflj?å x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj<br />

pGd"ng ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw, !(&* n] n}ª\lus lje]b cGTo ug{ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfg"gdf<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f ug{, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfg"gdf /x]sf lje]bsf/L Joj:yfx¿ vf/]h ug{<br />

tyf dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf nflu gofF sfg"gx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{ tyf<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] k|efjsf/L ;+/If0fsf nflu /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug{;d]t /fHo<br />

kIfsf] bfloTj lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(%#<br />

sf] wf/f @ n] dlxnfnfO{ k'?if;/x /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|bfg ub}{ dtbfg ug{ kfpg],<br />

lgjf{lrt x'g kfpg], ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug{ kfpg]nufotsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lglZrttf<br />

u/]sf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (29)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfsf] xscGtu{t dlxnf ePs} sf/0faf6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf]<br />

e]befj gul/g], dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg\ :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg\;DaGwL xs df}lns xssf]<br />

¿kdf x'g] pNn]v 5 . dlxnflj?å zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo<br />

sfo{ gul/g] / To:tf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g], k}t[s ;DklQdf 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{<br />

;dfg xs pNn]v 5 . To:t} ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsdf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL<br />

l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] xs k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . 3/]n' lx+;f<br />

-s;'/, ;hfo_ P]g @)^^, <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ /<br />

lgodfjnL @)^% df ;d]t k|ToIf÷ck|ToIf ¿kdf dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL Joj:yf /x]sf<br />

5g\ . dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL k|fjwfgsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;/sf/L ;+oGqsf] ;fydf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> dlxnf <strong>cfof</strong>]u, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> blnt <strong>cfof</strong>]unufot<br />

;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> dlxnf <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ ;+j}wflgs<br />

lgsfosf] ¿kdf /fv]sf] 5 .<br />

sfg"gL tyf gLltut ¿kdf dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] k|j4{g ;sf/fTds ¿kdf eO/x]sf] eP<br />

klg ;dfhdf cem} klg n}lª\us lje]b sfod} /x]sf] 5 . dlxnfx¿sf] ;fIf/tf b/<br />

k'?ifsf] ^% k|ltztsf] t'ngfdf %& bzdna $ k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf 3/d"nL<br />

@% bzdna &# k|ltzt / !( bzdna &! k|ltzt dlxnfsf] :jfldTjdf 3/ jf hUuf<br />

/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn n}ª\lus ;dfgtf;DaGwL ljZj kl/;"rsdf (*cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 .<br />

;dfj]zLs/0fsf] gLlt cjnDag u/L /fHosf lgsfox¿df dlxnf ;xeflutf qmdzM<br />

a9\b} hfg'nfO{ ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .<br />

cfly{s ¿kdf dlxnfsf] w]/} xb;Dd k'?ifdflysf] lge{/tf sfod} 5 . 3/fo;L sfdnfO{<br />

sfdsf] ¿kdf u0fgf ul/Psf] 5}g . c;fdflhs d"No–dfGotf Pjd\ Jojxf/tM lje]b,<br />

bdg, zf]if0f, cGofo, cTofrf/ / alxis/0f cflbsf sf/0f g]kfnL dlxnfsf] cj:yf<br />

/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts tyf z}lIfsnufot /<strong>fli6«o</strong> hLjgsf ;a}<br />

If]qdf k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf ;Ifd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . em'df, b]psL, 5fpk8L, s'df/L h:tf<br />

;fdflhs s'k|yfx¿ ce}m k"0f{¿kdf x6fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . bfOhf] tyf ltns, afnljjfx,<br />

d~h'/Llagf ljjfx, af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf sltko kl/af/df ;b:ox¿af6} lx+;f, bfOhf]<br />

gNofPsf] sf/0f s'6lk6b]lv dfg]{;Dd sfo{n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿ lje]bsf]<br />

lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ .<br />

3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gfx¿df a9f]Q/L eO/x]sf] 5 . ;do / ljsf;qmd ;Fu;Fu} dlxnfdfly<br />

x'g] lje]b, lx+;fsf] k|sf/ / ¿k klg km/s xF'b} uO/x]sf] 5 . cfw'lgs k|ljlwnfO{<br />

b'¿kof]u u/L dlxnfdfly lx+;f ug]{ k|rng klg /lxcfPsf] 5 . lel8of] PS;/]dfkm{t<br />

e|"0fsf] klxrfg u/L 5f]/L ePdf ue{ktg ug]{ kl/kf6LnfO{ o; ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .<br />

(30) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


anfTsf/, of}g b'Jo{jxf/, Pl;8 5s{g]÷cfuf] nufpg], s'6lk6 h:tf 36gfx¿af6<br />

dlxnfx¿ kLl8t eO/x]sf 5g\ .<br />

g]kfn ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf 3f]if0ffx¿ !#@% / !*@) sf] sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

nflu sfo{of]hgf agfpg] blIf0f Pl;ofd} klxnf] d'n's ePsf] 5 . tyflk o;sf]<br />

sfof{Gjog kIf eg] ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}g .<br />

dlxnf cf];f/k;f/ tyf a]rlavgsf 36gfx¿ lgoGq0fdf cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . a9\bf]<br />

a]/f]huf/L / >dsf] plrt sb/ gx'Fbf dflg;x¿ b]zaflx/ /f]huf/sf] vf]hLdf hfg]<br />

qmd a9\bf] 5 / o;/L ljb]lzg]x¿df dlxnfx¿ cToGt hf]lvddf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{<br />

of}gzf]if0f tyf b]xJofkf/sf nflu hah{:tL k|of]u ul/g] qmd Hofb} las/fn xF'b} uPsf]<br />

5, h;sf] k|ToIf, k/f]If rk]6fdf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ kl//x]sf 5g\ . dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwL o; cf=j=df & j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=(=#= cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /<strong>fli6«o</strong> k|lti7fg P]g, @)%* sfcg';f/ cflbjf;L÷hghflteGgfn]<br />

cfˆgf] dft[efiff / k/Dk/fut /Lltl/jfh, 5'§} ;fF:s[ltsklxrfg, a]Un} ;fdflhs ;+/rgf<br />

/ lnlvt jf clnlvt Oltxf; ePsf] hflt jf ;d'bfonfO{ a'lemG5 . cflbjf;L;DaGwL<br />

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7g dxf;lGw, !^( df e"ld <strong>clwsf</strong>/, k|fs[lts ;fwg, ;|f]tdf<br />

kx'Fr, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Lnufotsf ljifonfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o; dxf;lGwn]<br />

lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xeflutfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ hf]8 l<strong>bg</strong>'sf ;fy} cflbjf;Lsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g ug]{ nufotsf ljifo pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:<br />

s[lts ljsf;dflysf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, pgLx¿nfO{ k|ToIf ¿kdf k|efj kfg{] ljsf; of]hgf<br />

tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog tyf d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

k|bfg ul/Psf] kfO{G5 .<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ df df}lns xscGtu{t lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt;DaGwL xsdf<br />

k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ sfg'gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf cfwf/e"t lzIff<br />

/ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;fF:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] xs<br />

x'g]5 eGg] pNn]v 5 t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dft[efiffdf k9fpg cfjZos kg]{ lzIfssf]<br />

Joj:yf gubf{ cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfn] cfˆg} dft[ efiffdf lzIff<br />

kfpg] xssf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsdf cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL<br />

;d'bfo, pTkLl8t ju{, ul/a ls;fg / dhb'/nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (31)


cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xefuLx'g] xs x'g] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . /fHosf] bfloTj,<br />

lgb{]zs gLltx¿df /fHosf] bfloTjcGtu{t lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB ;Dk|e'tf /<br />

/f]huf/LdflglZrt ;dosfnflucf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kn]<br />

lk5l8Psf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] pTyfgug{] gLltsf ;fy} ;sf/fTds lje]bsfcfwf/df<br />

lvlDt 9Ns]j/ @@) s]=eL= ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] lg0f{o<br />

;g\ @))) df z'¿ lvlDt 9Ns]j/ @@) s]=le= k|;f/0fnfO{g <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> uf}/jsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . of] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf lgdf{0fsf] qmddf l;Gw'nL lhNnfdf<br />

k|efljtx¿sf] lj/f]wsf sf/0f cj/f]w eO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfsf] sfo{ cl3 a9\g ;s]sf] lyPg . o:tf]<br />

kl/l:yltdf lhNnfsf] sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ nufot ToxfFsf cflbjf;L tyf :yfgLo<br />

;d'bfo;Fu k/fdz{, ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO gu/L Pjd\ k"j{ ;"rgf glbO{ / dGh'/L;d]t glnO{ sfo{ cl3<br />

a9fO{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g ePsf] x'Fbf cg'udg u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Iff u/Ll<strong>bg</strong>'x'g<br />

eGb} ldlt @)&@÷df3 @$ df ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg kLl8t ;ª\3if{ ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

lgj]<strong>bg</strong> kg{ cfPsf] lyof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf k|efljtx¿sf] lgj]<strong>bg</strong> k|fKt ePkZrft\ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 dfggLo ;b:odg] g]t[Tjdf b'O{ pRr<br />

:t/Lo ;fy} clws[t :t/Lo Ps 6f]nLaf6 cg'udg ;DkGg eof] . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] :yfgLo :t/df ;ª\3if{<br />

;ldlt, k|efljtx¿, <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf k|d'v, :yfgLo k|zf;g Pjd\ ;/f]sf/jfn;Fu 5nkmn u¥of] . otf<br />

s]Gb|Lo txdf klg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] klg 5nkmnsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf u¥of] . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf sfo{sf/L<br />

lgb]{zs, phf{ dGqfnosf ;lrj / ;ª\3if{ ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx¿sf aLrdf nuftf/ b'O{ l<strong>bg</strong>;Dd<br />

5nkmn rNof] .<br />

cg'udg / 5nkmnaf6 k|fKt tYosf] cfwf/df <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfn] hUuf clwu|x0f ubf{ 5'6 ePsf hUufwgLsf]<br />

gfd ;dfj]z ug{, cflbjf;L hghfltnufotsf wfld{s d7dlGb/, ljBfno If]qleq ljB'tsf<br />

kf]n gkfg{, kg]{ ePdf ;f] :yfgdf j}slNks pkfo cjnDjg u/L k|:tfljt lkm8/ /f]8sf] lgdf{0f<br />

sfd ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z u¥of] . To;} u/L l;kmfl/zdf ljjflbt afFsL ;ft j6f kf]n<br />

lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ ;fy;fy} cufl8 -em08} () k|ltzt sfd ;DkGg eO;s]sf] l:yltdf afFsL !)<br />

k|ltzt sfd ;DkGg u/L ljsfz lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong>_ a9fpg / d'cfAhf lng afFsL<br />

/x]sf jf 5'6 ePsfx¿nfO{ ;d]t d'cfJhf pknAw u/fO{ l<strong>bg</strong>'kg]{ egL <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ldlt @)&@ r}t<br />

!* ut] lg0f{o u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z eof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] l;kmfl/zkZrft\ l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog eP–gePsf] ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLaf6 k'gM<br />

:ynut cg'udg eof] . clxn] klg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfaf6 k|efljt tyf ;ª\3if{ ;ldltnufot<br />

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ /xg'sf] ;fy} sfo{–k|ult ljj/0f ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lnO/x]sf]<br />

5 . o:t} lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf nflu phf{ dGqfno, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno, g]kfn<br />

ljB't k|flws/0f, <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf / :yfgLo k|zf;g;Fu ;dGjodf sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . /fi6«n] g} phf{<br />

;Í6 Jojxf]/L /x]sf] ;dodf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] lg0f{okZrft\ <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfsf] cj/f]w ePsf] sfd z'¿ eO{<br />

clGtd cj:yfdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] l;kmfl/; u/]adf]lhdsf]<br />

lkm8/ /f]8 lgdf{0fsf] sfdn] ult lng g;s]sf] / d'cfAhf lng 5'6 ePsfx¿n] cem} d'cfAhf kfpg<br />

afFsL ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]u lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn /x]sf] 5 .<br />

(32) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


ljz]if Joj:yf ug{] gLlt pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB ;Dk|e'tf /<br />

/f]huf/Ldf lglZrt ;dosf nflu cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kn]<br />

lk5l8Psf cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, blntnufot ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf ul/aLsf]<br />

/]vfd'lgsf dhb'/ ls;fgsf] pTyfg ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 eGg] pNn]v<br />

u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L /fHon] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:ndnufot<br />

cNk;ª\Vos, e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, ckfª\u, lk5l8Psf If]q tyf ;d'bfo /<br />

åGåkLl8tsf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt cjnDag<br />

ug]{5 egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

:jfoQ ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ¿kdflj= ;+= @)%* df :yflkt cflbjf;L÷hghflt pTyfg<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> k|lti7fgn] cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] pTyfg tyf ;zQmLs/0f ug{] p2]Zo;lxt<br />

sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s Pjd\ ax';fF:s[lts d'n's<br />

ePsf] x'gfn] cfk;L klxrfg / ljljwtfk|lt ;Ddfgsf] cjwf/0ff qmdzM ljsf; x'Fb}<br />

uPsf] 5 tyflk ck]lIftdfqfdf sfo{ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;dfj]lztf;DaGwL Joj:yf<br />

sfof{Gjogdf cfPkl5 ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutf a9] klg Go"g<br />

;xeflutfsf] cj:yf ljBdfg g} 5 . cflbjf;L hghfltsf] nflu cf/If0f ul/Psf @&<br />

k|ltztkbsf] dfqkbk"lt{ x'g ;s]sf] 5 . s]xL cflbjf;L hghfltsf] /fHosf lgsfox¿df<br />

z"Go ;xeflutf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;y{ /fHon] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] z;QmLs/0fsf<br />

sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfngdf Nofpg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] efiff, snf, ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fsf]<br />

nflu k|\efjsf/L kbdx¿ rfNg cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfndf ;ª\3Lotfsf] :j¿k<br />

;DaGwdf ax; eO/xFbf eljiodf cNk;ª;ª\Vos tyf cflbjf;Lx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;'lgl-<br />

Zrt ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ljz]if Wofg hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .<br />

jt{dfg ;+ljwfgn] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> cflbjf;L <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ¿kdf ;+j}wflgs <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] kl/<br />

sNkgf u/]sf] 5 t/ ;f] ;DaGwL P]g gaGbf <strong>cfof</strong>]u u7g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnn]<br />

cflbjf;L;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7g dxf;lGw, !^( nfO{ @)^$ ;fn ebf} @*<br />

ut] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/]sf]df cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/]sf] Ps bzs x'g nfUbf;d]t pSt dxf;lGwcg'¿k<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 gofF sfg"g lgdf{0f / To;;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx¿ ;+;f]wg vf/]h<br />

ePsf 5}gg\ . dxf;lGwcg'¿ksf] sfg"g lgdf{0f x'g gSbf o; dxf;lGwn] k|Tofe"t<br />

u/]sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ ;DalGwt ;d'bfon] pkef]u ug]{ jftfj/0f aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . t;Yf{<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dxf;lGwcg'¿k ;s];Dd l56f] gofF sfg"g lgdf{0f / To;;Fu ;Dal-<br />

Gwt sfg"gx¿ ;+;f]wg÷vf/]h x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . of] dxf;lGw sfof{Gjog ug{ tTsfnLg<br />

:YffgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 @)^% ;fndf g} /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/ eO{<br />

dlGqkl/ifb\df k]z ePsf] ePtf klg xfn;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePsf] 5}g .<br />

dxf;lGw sfof{Gjogsf nflu pSt /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf] d:of}bfnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]<br />

kl/dfh{g u/L oyfl;3| :jLs[t / sfof{Gjog ug{ pko'St b]lvG5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (33)


@=(=$= Ho]i7 gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

zf/Ll/s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts cj:yfnfO{ h]i7 gful/s dfkgsf] cfwf/ dflgP<br />

klg pd]/df ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] kfOG5 . ctM o; cfwf/df h]i7 gful/s eGgfn] k|f}9<br />

jf cf};t pd]/ gf3]sf JolQmnfO{ a'emfpFb5 . Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL P]g, @)^# df ^)<br />

jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ h]i7 gful/ssf] kl/efiffcGtu{t /fv]sf] 5 .<br />

Ho]i7 gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> b:tfj]hx¿df pNn]v ul/Psf]<br />

5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqdf ;a} JolQmnfO{ lagf e]befj 3f]if0ffkqdf<br />

pNn]v ePsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|fKt x'g] / wf/f @% -!_ n] k|f}9fj:yfdf ;d]t hLljsf]kfh{gsf<br />

nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ x'g] Joj:yf 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:<br />

s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f !) df k|To]s JolQmsf]<br />

;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ /fHon] :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf]<br />

dxf;efaf6 !^ l8;]Da/ !((! Dff kfl/t /fi6«;ª\3Lo j[4j[4f;DaGwL l;4fGtx¿df ;a}<br />

;b:o /fi6«nfO{ :jfwLgtf, ;xeflutf, cfTd;Ddfgnufotsf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cfˆgf]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ egL ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ df ;dfgtfsf] xscGtu{t wf/f !* sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf]<br />

k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf afns, j[4 tyf ckfª\u jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ¿kn]<br />

czQm JolQmsf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{<br />

;lsg] k|fjwfg 5 . dlxnf, >lds, j[4, ckfª\u tyf czQm / c;xfo gful/snfO{<br />

sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL xs / lgb]{zs l;4fGtcGtu{t<br />

/fHon] c;xfo, j[4, cflbsf] ;+/If0f / pGgltsf nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] ljz]if<br />

Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug]{ pNn]v 5 . h]i7 gful/s;DaGwL P]g, @)^# n] h]i7<br />

gful/ssf] x]/ljrf/, :ofxf/;Def/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwdf rrf{ u/]sf] 5 . h]i7<br />

gful/s;DaGwL P]g, @)^# n] h]i7 gful/ssf] x]/ljrf/, :ofxf/;Def/ tyf ;fdflhs<br />

;'/Iffsf] nflu s]Gb|Lo h]i7 gful/s sNof0f ;ldltsf] u7g / h]i7 gful/s sNof0fsf]ifsf]<br />

Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ / u}/;/sf/L If]qn] ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ x]/rfx tyf lbjf<br />

;]jf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . xfn o; k|s[ltsf #) eGbf<br />

a9L s]Gb| ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

g]kfndf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;ª\Vof s"n hg;ª\Vofsf] * bzdna !# k|ltzt /x]sf]<br />

5 . cf};t cfo'df j[l4;Fu} of] ;ª\Vofdf qmlds ¿kdf j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs<br />

;'/Iffsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ ;/sf/n] xfn ;fdflhs ;'/IffcGtu{t &) jif{ pd]/ k"/f<br />

u/]sf h]i7 gful/snfO{ b'O{ xhf/ ?lkofFsf b/n] dfl;s eQf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

(34) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


;/sf/n] Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu dgf]/~hg tyf tf]lsPsf If]qx¿df ljz]if 5'6 k|bfg<br />

ug{ ;]jfk|bfosx¿nfO{ pTk|]l/t ug] { gLlt lnPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr<br />

cbfntn] P]gcg'¿k Ho]i7 gful/sx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs tyf cGo ;]jfdf %) k|ltzt<br />

5'6 l<strong>bg</strong> ;/sf/sf gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z;d]t hf/L u/]sf] 5 . s]xL ;fj{hlgs<br />

;jf/L ;fwgx¿df Ho]i7 gful/s cf/If0f l;6sf] Joj:yf u/L ef8fdf %) k|ltzt 5'6<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>] gLlt lnOPsf] eP klg To;sf] sof{Gjog kIf sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf] cg'udgsf] cfwf/df Ho]i7 gful/s eQfnfO{ lgjf{xd'vL x'g] u/L<br />

j[l4 ug{], ;fj{hlgs oftfoft / :jf:Yo If]qdf z'Ns 5'6 ug]{, Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL<br />

P]gsf] ;dofg's"n ;+zf]wg ug]{, Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ kl/Tofu ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cfk/fwLs/0f<br />

ug]{nufotsf ljifox¿df ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ cem};Dd sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .<br />

klZrdf ;+:s[ltsf] a9\bf] k|efj, a;fOF;/fO, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lnufotsf sf/0faf6<br />

kl/jf/ ljv08gsf] qmd tLa| x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . o;af6 ;a}eGbf a9L Ho]i7 gful/sx¿<br />

k|efljt ag]sf 5g\ . j[4fj:yfaf6 sdhf]/ dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s cj:yfdf pgLx¿sf]<br />

x]/rfxdf uDeL/ ;d:ofx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ .<br />

@=(=%= ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, @))^ n] ckfª\utf ePsf<br />

JolQm eGgfn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, jf}l4s jf OlGb|o;DaGwL bL3{sfnLg czQmtfåf/f<br />

;[lht ljleGg cj/f]wx¿;F<strong>usf</strong>] cGtlqm{ofsf] sf/0fn] ;dfhdf cGo JolQm;/x ;dfg<br />

cfwf/df k"0f{ / k|efjsf/L 9ª\udf ;xefuL x'g afwf ePsf] JolQm;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5<br />

egL kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($*, gful/s<br />

tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o k|lt1fkq, !(^^, gful/s tyf /fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o k|lt1fkqsf] P]lR5s cle;lGw, !(^^, oftgf tyf cGo q"m/,<br />

c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/lj?åsf] dxf;lGw, !(*$ df k|ToIf / k/f]If ¿kdf<br />

zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug{ gx'g] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lglZrttf ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}<br />

dlxnfdfly ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f pGd"ng ug{] dxf;lGw, !(&(, afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

dxf;lGw, !(*(, d[To'b08sf] pGd"ng;Fu ;DalGwt gful/s tyf /fhg}lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGwsf] bf];|f] P]lR5s cle;lGw, !(*( / h]g]ef dxf;lGw,<br />

!($( -o'4 jf ;z:q åGåsfndf dfq} nfu" x'g]_ nufotsf b:tfj]hx¿df zf/Ll/s<br />

cj:yfsf] cfwf/df e]befjnfO{ lgif]w u/L pgLx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/Psf]<br />

5 . oL b:tfj]hn] sfg"gsf cufl8 ;a} ;dfgnufot lje]blj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ hf]8<br />

lbPsf 5g\ . ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, @))^ Pjd\<br />

OR5fwLg cfn]v, @))^ n] ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{sf<br />

;fy} o:tf <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL ;fdfGo l;4fGtx¿;d]t k|ltkf<strong>bg</strong> u/]sf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (35)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ n] ;dfgtf / clje]bsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cjnDag u/]sf] 5,<br />

h;cg';f/ s'g} klg cfwf/df s;}nfO{ klg e]befj gul/g] egL pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] xs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;DaGwdf klg df}lns xsdf ljz]if<br />

Joj:yfsf] ;fy} ljleGg P]gdf klg ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f;Fu<br />

;DalGwt Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ckfª\u ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g, @)#(, ckfª\u<br />

;+/If0f tyf sNof0f lgodfjnL, @)%!, ckfª\u;DaGwL /<strong>fli6«o</strong> gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf,<br />

@)^#, :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%%, Gfu/kflnsf cg'bfg ;~rfng sfo{ljlw,<br />

@)^& tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^% df ckfª\utf ePsf<br />

JolQmx¿sf ;DaGwdf pNn]v 5 . To:t} ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] kl/rokq<br />

ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf, @)^%, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ cfGtl/s xjfO{ofqfdf lbOg]<br />

5'6 jf ;x'lnot;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)^#, g]kfn /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/;+lxtf,<br />

@)^) lgdf{0f ePsf] kfOG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm lzIff P]g, @)@*, lzIff lgodfjnL,<br />

@)%(, ljz]if lzIff gLlt, @)%#, 5fqj[lQ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)^) -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg<br />

@)^&_, lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg, @)^$_, lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnL,<br />

@)%) -;ftfF} ;+zf]wg, @)^$_, g]kfn 6]lnsd lgodfjnL, /]l8of] g]kfnsf] ;]jf<br />

lgodfjnL, cfos/ P]g, @)%*, Affnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$* cflb P]g, lgod tyf<br />

lgodfjnLx¿n] ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf af/]df ljleGg Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> hgu0fgf @)^* n] s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] Ps bzdna ($ k|ltzt JolQmx¿df<br />

s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] ckfª\utf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L ljBfnox¿df ;':t >j0f,<br />

b[li6ljxLg / ;':t dgl:ylt ePsf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu ljz]if lzIff / 5fqj[lQnufot<br />

lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf Pjd\ z}lIfs ;q @)^^÷)^& sf nflu lzIff ljefun] >]0fL<br />

ljefhg u/L sIff ! b]lv * ;Ddsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .<br />

lghfdlt ;]jf P]gcg';f/ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu % k|ltzt<br />

l;6 cf/If0f Jo:yfsf] ;fy} ;Lkd"ns tfnLdsf] Joj:yf, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgx¿df<br />

ckfª\utf;DaGwL sfo{qmdnufot cfjZos ;fdu|L <strong>cfof</strong>tdf eG;f/ 5'6 cflb Joj:yf<br />

u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/L ;]jfdf sfo{/t /xFbf/xFb}sf] cj:yfdf ckfª\utfsf] lzsf/ x'g]<br />

JolQmx¿nfO{ czQm–j[lQ, ;Gtlt–j[lQ, z}lIfs eQf / cfly{s ;xfotf;DaGwL Joj:yf<br />

ul/Psf] 5 . 6]lnlehgdf sfo{/t ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu 5fqj[lQ, Gf]kfn<br />

6]lnsddf / lzIfs ;]jfdf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu /f]huf/Ldf, ;fd'bflos<br />

ljBfnodf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L lgo'lQmdf / /]l8of] g]kfnsf] :yfoL ;]jfdf ckfª\utf<br />

ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu kfFr k|ltzt cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu ;xh kx'Frsf nflu ckfª\utf ;+/rgf<br />

lgdf{0f;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udgaf6 kl/jf/,<br />

(36) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


;d'bfo / /fi6«n] ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ljifonfO{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/d'vL cjwf/0ff<br />

/ ;f]raf6 gx]/L k'/fgf] sNof0fsf/L cjwf/0ff / d"NodfGotfaf6 x]g]{ kl/kf6Lsf] sf/0f<br />

pgLx¿sf ;d:of k|fyldstfdf k/]sf 5}gg\ . ;fdflhs cGwljZjf;, clzIff, x]nr]qm\ofOF<br />

b'/Jojxf/ cflbsf] sf/0f pgLx¿n] ljleGg cfIf]kx¿ ;xg'sf ;fy} sltko cj:yfdf<br />

c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo Jojxf/ ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 . ljBdfg sfg"g tyf gLltx¿sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog<br />

gx'g' ;fy} ;fj{hlgs ckfª\ud}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;jf/L ;fwg gx'g', ;jf/L<br />

;fwgdf cf/lIft sf]6fdf kx'Fr gx'g' t 5Fb} 5, z}lIfs If]qdf ;d]t ckfª\ud}qL<br />

k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;, /f]huf/df plrt Joj:yf, lzIffdf kx'Fr k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . dlxnf<br />

/ afnaflnsdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/0f dfgl;s ¿kdf c:j:y x'g] / bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf<br />

dfgl;s ckfª\utf x'g] qmd j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu<br />

ckfª\ud}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf, ;~rf/hut, /f]huf/, lzIff tyf Gofodf kxF 'r k'Ug ;s]sf]<br />

cj:yf 5}g . ljz]if lzIffcGtu{t ckfª\utf ePsf ljBfyL{sf afa'–cfdfn] ljBfyL{nfO{<br />

ljBfnodf egf{ u/]kl5 a]jf:tf ug]{ k|rng ljBdfg 5 . lzIfsx¿nfO{ kof{Kt tfnLd<br />

gx'g'sf ;fy} ckfª\utf ePsf ljBfyL{x¿df 5fqfsf] ;ª\Vof a9L eP klg ljBfnodf<br />

dlxnf lzlIfsf g/x]sf] ;fy} ckfª\ud}qL ljBfno ejg gePsf] sf/0f cWoognfO{<br />

lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong> ;s]sf 5}gg\ . k|fylds lzIffkZrft\ ;f] eGbf dfly cWoog ug{ lzIffsf]<br />

cj;/ lhNnfdf k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] x'Fbf cWoognfO{ lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong> g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 .<br />

oL / o:tf cfwf/df ljeb ef]Ug'eg]sf] pgLx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g xf] .<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] xs <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf nflu ;a} If]qdf / txdf pgLx¿sf]<br />

klxrfg, kx'Fr / ;fdYo{ j[l4sf nflu ckfª\utf ePsf JolQm klg dflg; g} x'g\ eGg]<br />

efjgfaf6 k|]l/t eO{ k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg cfjZos 5 . lje]bsf/L sfg"gsf] vf/]hL,<br />

ePsf sfg"gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, ckfª\ud}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;fj{hlgs<br />

ejg lgdf{0f, ckfª\utf;DaGwL ;r]tgf clej[l4 h:tf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;a}n] cfcfˆgf]<br />

txaf6 k|of; ug{ cfjZos 5 . o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf]<br />

xs<strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\;DaGwL # j6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

@=(=^= cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

k|To]s JolQmn] cfˆgf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf / 5gf]6cg';f/ /f]huf/L k|fKt ug'{ p;sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ xf] . cfk|jf;L sfdbf/ / pgLx¿sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL<br />

cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw, !(() sf] wf/f @ -!_ n] cfkm" gful/s g/x]sf] /fi6«df tna kfpg]<br />

lqmofsnfkdf nufOg] jf nfu]sf] jf nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 egL cfk|jf;L<br />

sfdbf/sf] kl/efiff u/]sf] 5 . o; dxf;lGwn] cfk|jf;L sfdbf/nfO{ lje]blj?åsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, /<strong>fli6«o</strong>tfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, oftgf, c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ jf<br />

b08lj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, bf;Tj, bf;Jofkf/, ha/h:tL >dlj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, u}/sfg"gL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (37)


<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u g]kfn / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt stf/aLr ePsf] ;dembf/Lkq<br />

kqmfplj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, :jR5, lgikIf<br />

;'g'jfO, :jtGqtf / ;'/Iff, :j}lR5s<br />

lu/km\tf/L jf y'gflj?åsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{<br />

;'/lIft u/]sf] 5 .<br />

j}b]lzs /f]huf/;DaGwL P]g, @)^$ /<br />

j}b]lzs /f]huf/ gLlt sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf<br />

5g\ . To;}u/L j}b]lzs /f]huf/;DaGwL<br />

GofofwLs/0f, >d–;xrf/Lsf] Joj:yf 5 .<br />

o;afx]s ;/sf/n] j}b]lzs /f]huf/<br />

sf lgldQ sfdbf/ k7fpg] ;DaGwdf<br />

/f]huf/d"ns b]zx¿df ;Demf}tfdfkm{t\<br />

ljz]if Joj:Yff;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

o;cg'¿k g]kfn ;/sf/n] blIf0f sf]l/<br />

ofdf sfdbf/ k7fpg] p2]Zon] O{kLP;<br />

k4ltcGtu{t Go"gQd z'Nsdf sfdbf/<br />

k7fpgsf nflu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . o:t}<br />

hfkfg, o"PO{ / ax/fOg;Fu låkIfLo<br />

;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .<br />

g]kfn d"n ¿kdf sfdbf/ k7fpg] /fi6«<br />

xf] . v'nf l;dfgf kf/ u/L ef/t hfg]<br />

sfdbf/x¿sf] s'g} clen]v g} 5}g .<br />

g]kfnn] !!) j6f d'n'snfO{ >dsf] nflu<br />

v'nf u/]sf] 5, h;dWo] kfFrj6f b]z;Fu<br />

dfq >d ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 eg] ^ j6f<br />

d'n's;Fu Go"gQd Hofnfsf] ;Demf}tf<br />

ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] vf8L d'n'sdf<br />

hfg] hgzlQmsf] nflu km|L eL;f / k|mL<br />

l6s6;DaGwL k|fjwfg NofO{ nfu" u/] klg<br />

Jojxf/df k|efjsf/L b]lvg ;s]sf] 5}g .<br />

o;af6 Joj;foLn] a9L /sd lnO{ !)<br />

xhf/sf]e/kfO l<strong>bg</strong>]u/]sf]egL ;dfrf/x¿<br />

aflx/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . kfFr xhf/ eGbf<br />

a9L cfk|jf;L ePsf b]zdf >d ;xrf/L<br />

(38) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


Ps xhf/eGbf a9L dlxnf sfdbf/<br />

ePsf] b]zdf dlxnf >d ;xrf/L<br />

/fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP klg kfFrj6f<br />

b]zdf dfq >d ;xrf/L 5g\ .<br />

k|flKtdf ;d:of 5 . Pp6f u}/;/<br />

sf/L ;+:yfn] ue{jtL eP/ kmls{Psf<br />

dlxnfx¿sf afnaflnsfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+/If0fdf r'gf}tL /x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf]<br />

5 . g]kfnL cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf]<br />

dtbfgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{<br />

ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>+z uGtJo d'n'sdf cGo b]zsf<br />

sfdbf/sf] t'ngfdf g]kfnL sfdbf/n]<br />

Go"g Hofnf kfpFbf klg ;/sf/n] plrt<br />

kxn ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o; cf=j=df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf cfk|jf;L sfdbf/sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwL # j6f ph"/Lx¿ btf{ ePsf<br />

5g\ .<br />

j}b]lzs /f]hu/;DaGwL P]gn] !) k|ltzt<br />

l;6df cf/If0f u/L nlIft ju{nfO{<br />

j}b]lzs /f]huf/df k7fpg u/]sf] Joj:yf<br />

sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . j}b]lzs<br />

/f]huf/Lsf] uGtJo d'n's hfg] qmddf<br />

:jb]z / ljb]zdf 7lug] ;ª\Vof<br />

pRr 5 . o;af6 <strong>dfgj</strong> cf];f/k;f/<br />

tyf a]rlavg / t:s/L a9]sf] 5 .<br />

7luPsf tyf a]lrPsf kLl8tx¿sf]<br />

Gofodf kx' Fr sd 5 . j}b]lzs<br />

/f]huf/sf] qmddf clglR5t uef{wfg<br />

eO{ kmls{Psf dlxnfx¿af6 hlGdPsf<br />

afnaflnsfx¿sf] hGd btf{ / gful/stf<br />

s'n ufx{:y pTkf<strong>bg</strong>sf] s/La @% k|ltzt<br />

lx:;f ljk|]if0fn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (39)


f]huf/af6 k|fKt ljk|]if0f u|fdL0f<br />

cy{tGqsf] d]?b08 aGg'sf] ;fy} ul/aL<br />

lgjf/0fdf ;d]t dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf<br />

v]Nb} cfPsf] eP klg /fHo / ;/sf/L<br />

txaf6 cfk|jf;L sfdbf/¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] If]qdf<br />

ck]lIft sfo{ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .<br />

a9\bf] ;ª\Vofdf cfk|jf;L sfdbf/<br />

x¿ ljb]zL d'n'sdf hfg] qmd;Fu}<br />

7uL, zf]if0f, kl/jf/sf] ljv08g tyf<br />

/f]huf/df uPsf] b]zaf6 x'g] oftgf<br />

tyf c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo Jojxf/sf sf/0faf6<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g tyf<br />

Hofbltaf6 kLl8t e}/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .<br />

u}/sfg"gL tj/df ef/tsf] af6f]<br />

xF'b} cj}w ¿kdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/df<br />

hfg] sfdbf/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof cTolws<br />

/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6<br />

cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] olsg tYofª\s slt xf] eGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 o; ljifodf k|efjsf/L sbd grflnFbf ef/tdf sfo{/t<br />

sfdbf/sf] ;'/Iff, cTolws ¿kdf 7lug], ;'/IffsdL{af6 b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{h:tf 36gf Jofks<br />

/x]sf] cg'udgaf6 b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . o;} cjlwdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u g]kfn<br />

/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt stf/aLr cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0ffy{<br />

!) a'Fb] ;dembf/Lkqdf gf]e]Da/ !^, @)!% df x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 .<br />

oL ;Dk"0f{ kIfnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ /fHo Pjd\ ;/f]sf/jfnx¿af6 cfk|jf;L<br />

sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/af/] yk sbd rfNg' cfjZos 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfk|jf;L sfdbf/<br />

tyf ltgLx¿sf] kl/jf/sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(() sf] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> ug{ u/]sf]<br />

l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .<br />

@=(=&= n}ª\lus tyf of}lgs cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

n}ª\lus tyf of}lgs cNk;ª\Vosx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf dxTTjk"0f{ pknlAw ePsf<br />

5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] wf/f !@ df n}lËs klxrfsf] cfwf/df gful/stf<br />

k|bfg ul/g] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !* df ;dfgtfsf]<br />

(40) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


xscGtu{t ljleGg ;d'bfo;lxt of}lgs tyf n}lËs cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+/If0f ug{ /fHon] ljz]if sfg"g agfpg ;lsg] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f<br />

$@ ;fdflhs Gofosf] xscGtu{t o; ;d"bfosf] /fHosf x/]s lgsfodf cGo ;d"x<br />

/ ;d'bfoem}F ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltgLlwTjsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /xg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

gful/stf / /fxbfgL;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf ePsf] ;+zf]wg / lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjogaf6<br />

o; ;d'bfosf gful/sx¿n] lnËsf] dxndf æcGoÆ pNn]v u/]/ gful/stf / /fxbfgL<br />

kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;af6 o; ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿sf] klxrfg;lxtsf] sfg"gL x}l;ot<br />

k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd ul7t ;dlnª\uL ljjfx cWoog<br />

;ldltn] ;dlnª\uL ljjfxnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf k|bfg ug{ l;kmfl/z u/L g]kfn ;/sf/<br />

;dIf <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> a'emfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] pQm <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> sfof{Gjogsf] nflu sfd<br />

cufl8 a9fpg dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnonfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf]<br />

5 . pQm <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf] sfof{Gjog ePdf o; ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿sf] j}jflxs / kl/<br />

jf/;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/ :yflkt x'g] ljZjf; lng ;lsG5 .<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>+z n}ª\lus tyf of}lgs cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿ Kfl/jf/ tyf ;dfhaf6<br />

jlxis/0fdf k/]sf x'Fbf ljleGg k|sf/sf e]befjsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . kof{Kt 1fgsf]<br />

cefjdf pgLx¿sf] of}lgstf kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] nflu ljjfbsf] ljifo aGg] / klxrfg<br />

v'n]sf] cj:yfdf kl/jf/sf] k|lti7f u'Dg] h:tf ?9LjfbL ;f]r sfod} /x]sf] kfOG5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] o; ;d'bfosf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu lg/Gt/ cg'udg ul//x]sf] 5 .<br />

/fHosf lgsfox¿df o; ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿sf] Go"g pkl:ylt 5 . o; qmddf kl/jf/<br />

/ ;'/IffsdL{af6 lx+;f ePsf] tyf k|zf;gaf6 e]befjhGo Jojxf/ ePsf] tYox¿ k|fKt<br />

ePsf 5g\ . klxrfg;lxtsf] gful/stf k|bfg ug]{ s'/fdf ;d]t ljleGg lsl;dsf<br />

cj/f]wx¿ sfod} /x]sf kfOG5 . ;+ljwfgdf o; of}lgs tyf n}ª\lus ;d'bfonfO{<br />

;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'Fbf cfufdL l<strong>bg</strong>df o; ;d'bfosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f / k|j4{gdf<br />

;sf/fTds jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

@=(=*= z/0ffyL{sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

g]kfndf ljleGg d'n'ssf z/0ffyL{x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !(() sf] bzsb]lv g]kfndf<br />

cfPsf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿dWo] Ps nfv eGbf a9L z/0ffyL{nfO{ ljleGg d'n'sdf<br />

k'gjf{;sf] nflu k7fOPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(() cufl8 g]kfn cfPsf ltAatLn] z/0ffyL{sf]<br />

x}l;ot k|fKt u/] klg To;kl5 cfPsf / z/0ffyL{sf] x}l;ot k|fKt u/]sf JolQmsf ;Gtfgn]<br />

;d]t kl/rokq k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cGo d'n'saf6 cfPsf z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm<br />

/fi6«;ª\3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no -o"PgPr;Lcf/_ n] z/0ffyL{sf]<br />

dfGotf k|bfg u/L pgLx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (41)


<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 sf7df8f}Fdf zx/L z/0ffyL{x¿sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df cg'udg ubf{ pgLx¿sf]<br />

hLjg cToGt si6s/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfndf z/0ffyL{NffO{ sfd ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt<br />

gx'g' / o"PgPr;Lcf/af6 pknAw ;xfotf cToGt Go"g x'Fbf JolQmx¿sf] ufF;, af;<br />

/ skf; h:tf cfwf/e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/af6 g} jl~rtLs/0fsf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo<br />

/ lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pkef]udf ;d]t w]/} sl7gfO ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; cf=j=b]lv<br />

cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]udf sdL cfPsf] egL o"gPr;Lcf/af6 k|bfg ul/Fb} cfPsf] ;xof]udf<br />

s6f}tL x'Fbf zx/L z/0ffyL{x¿sf] hLjgofkgdf yk gsf/fTds c;/ kl//x]sf] kfOPsf]<br />

5 . o;af6 z/0ffyL{ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf yk r'gf}lt /x]sf]<br />

kfOPsf] 5 .<br />

g]kfnn] z/0ffyL{;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/]sf] 5}g . o;;DaGwdf<br />

sfg"gsf] ;d]t cefj /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] dxf;lGwsf] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> /<br />

sfg"g lgdf{0fsf] nflu lbPsf] lgb]{zg cem};Dd sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . o"PgPr;Lcf/n]<br />

z/0ffyL{sf] dfGotf lbPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/n] u}/sfg"gL cfk|jf;Lsf]<br />

Jojxf/ ub}{ k|ltl<strong>bg</strong> % cd]l/sL 8n/sf] b/n] hl/jfgf ub} { cfPsf] 5 . o;af6<br />

o"PgPr;Lcf/sf] k'gjf{; sfo{qmd;d]t k|efljt ag]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; cf=j=df g]kfn<br />

;/sf/n] s]xL z/0ffyL{sf] hl/jfgf ldgfx u/] klg cGosf] xsdf ;d:of sfod} 5 .<br />

o; cf=j=df z/0ffyL{sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf Pp6f ph"/L btf{ ePsf] 5 .<br />

@=!)= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs<br />

g]kfnn] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/]sf cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿ / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"gdf<br />

pNn]v ePsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pkef]u ub}{ :jtGq ¿kdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f Pjd\<br />

k|j4{g;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿;Ifd /x]sf 5g\ . d'n'sdf ljBdfg<br />

/fhgLlts cl:y/tf / nfdf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfsf sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/Ifsx¿nfO{ :jtGq ¿kdf sfd ug{ cj/f]wx¿ sfod} 5g\ . ljz]iftM lj/f]w k|bz{gsf]<br />

qmddf ;dfrf/ ;ª\sngdf vl6Psf kqsf/ tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg'udgdf vl6Psf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ wDsL l<strong>bg</strong>] Pjd\ b'j{Jojxf/ ug]{ 36gfx¿ ePsf] kfOPsf]<br />

5 . aGb x8\tfnsf] qmddf <strong>cfof</strong>]hsx¿af6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ /<br />

;jf/L ;fwg Pjd\ kqklqsf cfuhgL ug]{ / ;~rf/–dfWoddf ;d]t cfqmd0f ug]{<br />

36gfx¿ eO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .<br />

(42) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@=!!= Kf|fs[lts k|sf]k / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@=!!=!= e"sDkaf6 k|efljtx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

uf]/vfsf] jf/kfsnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfP/ @)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] zlgjf/ uPsf] & bzdna<br />

^ /]S6/ :s]nsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk / To;kl5 uPsf k/fsDk, vf;u/L @)&@ j}zfv<br />

@( ut] bf]nvfnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfP/ uPsf] ^ bzdna * /]S6/ :s]nsf] k/fsDkaf6<br />

7"nf] wghgsf] Iflt ePsf] 5 . e"sDkaf6 * xhf/ * ;o (! hgfsf] d[To' eof] eg]<br />

@@ xhf/ # ;o @ hgf 3fOt] eP . o;af6 s'n * nfv *^ xhf/ $ ;o %^ kl/jf/<br />

k|ToIf ¿kdf k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . e"sDkaf6 s"n ^ nfv $ xhf/ ( ;o #) 3/<br />

k"0f{ ¿kdf Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP eg] @ nfv ** xhf/ * ;o %^ 3/ cfFlzs ¿kdf<br />

Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP .<br />

o; cfjdf klg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] kLl8tx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

cg'udgsf qmddf hf]lvdsf] Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;/sf/L Pjd\ ;fdflhs:t/sf] tof/L<br />

cToGt sdhf]/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . oBlk, e"sDkkLl8tx¿sf] p2f/ tyf /fxt<br />

sfo{df g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an / g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cToGt dxTTjk"0f{ / ;sf/fTds<br />

Pjd\ k|z+;gLo e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . e"sDkkZrft\ kLl8tx¿sf] p2f/ Pjd\ /fxt<br />

ljt/0f sfo{df kof{Kt k"j{ tof/Lsf] cefjdf ;''?sf l<strong>bg</strong>df w]/} ;d:of b]lvPsf lyP,<br />

h;df ljz]iftM lqkfn tyf vfBfGgnufot cTofjZosLo j:t'x¿sf] cefj / 9'jfgLdf<br />

sl7gfO cflb lyP . vf;u/L pknAw /fxt ;fdu|L ;b/d'sfd / /fhdfu{ 5]p5fpsf<br />

dflg;x¿n] k|fKt u/] klg b'u{d If]qsf k|efljtx¿n] w]/} l<strong>bg</strong>kl5 dfq /fxt ;fdu|L<br />

kfPsf lyP . /fxt ljt/0fdf /fhgLlts k|efj / e]befj ePsf] eGg] w]/} u'gf;f k|fKt<br />

ePsf lyP . s;}n] w]/} k6s tyf s;}n] Ps k6s;Dd klg /fxt kfpg g;s]sf] cj:yf<br />

lyof] . /fxt ljt/0f ubf{ dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ul/a, blnt, b'u{d If]qsf kLl8t, h]i7<br />

gful/s, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf gePsf] kfOPsf] lyof] .<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>+z lhNnfdf afnaflnsf / Ho]i7 gful/sx¿;d]t kfnleq Ps} 7fpFdf 7"nf]<br />

;ª\Vofdf a:g'k/]sf] cj:yfdf /f]<strong>usf</strong>] ;ª\qmd0fsf] pRr;Defjgf /x]sf]n] To;tkm{<br />

;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] lyof] . k~hf, x]Nd]6, cTofjZos cf}hf/ / pks/0fsf]<br />

cefjdf hf]lvdk"0f{ tj/af6 p4f/, sfo{df ;+nUg ;'/Iff lgsfox¿nufotsf p¢f/<br />

sdL{x¿sf] hLjg ;'/Iffsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] . b}lgs pkef]Uo<br />

j:t'sf] s[lqd cefj, d"Noj[l4 tyf sfnf]ahf/L a9\b} uPsf]n] ahf/ cg'udgnfO{ tLa|tf<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>'kg]{ tyf /fxt ljt/0fdf clgoldtf ug] { pk/ s8f sf/afxL ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] g]kfn<br />

;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] . /fxt tyf p4f/ sfo{df cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] pNn]vgLo<br />

;xof]u k¥ofP klg e"sDkk|efljtx¿sf] jf:tljs cfjZostfsf] klxrfg gu/L<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (43)


fxt ljt/0f ubf{ cgfjZos j:t';d]t<br />

/fxtsf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .<br />

sltko :yfgdf /fxt:j¿k ljt/0f ul/Psf<br />

rfdn nufotsf j:t'x¿ u'0f:t/xLg /<br />

cvfB /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

cg'udgaf6 sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf ljZj<br />

vfB sfo{qmdn] pknAw u/fPsf] rfdn<br />

u'0f:t/xLg kfPkl5 To:tf ;fdu|L ljt/0f<br />

/f]Sg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lgb] {zg lbPsf] lyof] .<br />

;+;bLo ;ldltn] uf]vf{ lhNnfdf u/]sf]<br />

cg'udgaf6 ljZj vfB sfo{qmdn] pknAw<br />

u/fPsf] rfdn cvfB ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePsf]<br />

lyof] . Dofb ;lsPsf, u'0f:t/xLg tyf cvfB<br />

j:t';d]t /fxt:j¿k afFl8Psf] kfOPsf] lyof],<br />

h;df k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] cefj /x]sf]<br />

lyof] .<br />

p4f/ tyf /fxtsf] sfo{ nueu ;lsPkl5<br />

k'gM:yfkgfsf] nflu /<strong>fli6«o</strong> k'glg{df{0f<br />

k|flws/0f u7g ePsf] 5 . To;sf] sfd eg]<br />

k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ug{ g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf<br />

5 . /fhgLtLs/0f, k|flws/0f u7gdf ePsf]<br />

l9nfOaf6 e"sDkk|efljtx¿sf nflu k|fKt<br />

cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u;d]t ;b'kof]u x'g] s'/fdf<br />

;Gb]x k}bf ePsf] 5 . k'gM:yfkgfsf] kvf{Odf<br />

a;]sf kLl8tx¿sf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf<br />

gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] 5 . klxnf] ls:tfsf]<br />

/sd k|fKt ubf{ klg sltko kLl8tx¿<br />

3/ lgdf{0f ug{ OR5's b]lvPsf 5}gg\ .<br />

bf]nvfdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLnfO{ Ps j[4 dlxnfn]<br />

atfPsL lyOg\—9nfgdf a:g lr;f] x'G5 . of]<br />

/sd d]/f nflu xf] . kl5 5f]/fgfltn] cfkm\gf<br />

kfnfdf 3/ agfO{ xfN5g\ . /sd kfpg] rrf{kl5<br />

lxhf] ;ª\uf]ndf a;]sf] kl/af/ 5'l§bf, hUuf<br />

(44) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

/fhgLlgs bnx¿aLrsf] ljjfb /<br />

lsrnf]sf sf/0f lhNnfsf] xNb]sflnsf<br />

uflj;sf e"sDkkLl8tn] e"sDk uPsf]<br />

% dlxgf;Dd klg kLl8t kl/rokq,<br />

c:yfoL a;f]af; Joj:yfkgafktsf] !%<br />

xhf/ ?k}ofFnufotsf s'g} klg ;]jf ;'ljwf<br />

k|fKt gu/]sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ 3'DtL lzlj/,<br />

g'jfsf]6n] cg'udgsf qmddf kfof] .<br />

tt\kZrft /fhgLlts bnsf :ygLo<br />

sfo{stf{;Fu lzlj/n] k6s k6s 5nkmn u/L<br />

kLl8tx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/k|lt hjfkmb]xL x'Fb}<br />

tTsfn /fxt kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] ;'lglZrt<br />

ug{ cfu|x u¥of] . o;sf ;fy} lzlj/n]<br />

k|lhcnfO{ ;d:ofaf/] cjut u/fpFb}<br />

e"sDkkLl8tsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf af/]df<br />

Wofgsif{0f kq;d]t a'emfof] . kl/0ffd:j?k<br />

xNb]sflnsf uflj;sf ;Dk"0f{ afl;Gbf<br />

-s/Lj ((% kl/jf/_ n] c;f]hsf] clGtd<br />

;ftf kLl8t kl/rokq / /fxtafkt<br />

k|ltkl/jf/ @) xhf/ ?k}ofF k|fKt u/] .<br />

3'DtL lzlj/df lhNnfsf] ;fd/L uflj;sL<br />

e"sDkkLl8t ;Ltf ;fksf]6f, %#, nfO{<br />

af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufP/ :yfgLon] s'6kL6<br />

Pj+ oftgf lbPsf] ;DaGwL ph"/L k|fKt<br />

ePsf] lyof] . pQm ph"/Lsf ;DaGwdf<br />

lzlj/af6 vl6Psf] 6f]nLn] cg'udg ubf{<br />

o; ljifodf lhNnf cbfnt g'jfsf]6df<br />

d'2f ljrf/wLg /x]sf] / cbfntsf] cfb]zsf<br />

cfwf/df cf/f]lkt kL8s !% xhf/ ?k}ofF<br />

a'emfO{ w/f}6Ldf 5'6]sf] kfof] . pQm d'2fsf]<br />

k'g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> ug{ ;xof]u u/L kLl8tsf] Gofo<br />

k|fKt ug] { <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] /Iff ug{ lzlj/ ;kmn<br />

eof] .<br />

lhNnfsf] lhlnª uflj;sL l;tf k'8f;}gLsf]<br />

e"sDksf sf/0f sf7df8f} +df d[To' ePsf] /<br />

lghsf b'O{ gfafnsn] kfpg' kg]{ kfl/jfl/s<br />

Ifltafktsf] /sd dfOtL kIfn] lnPsf]<br />

;DaGwL ph"/L 3'DtL lzlj/df k|fKt x'g<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>] . o; ;DaGwdf k|lhc;Fu ;dGjo u/L<br />

Ifltk"lt{afktsf] Ps nfv rfln; xhf/<br />

?k}ofF gfafnssf] a}+s vftfdf hDdf u/fpg<br />

lzlj/ ;kmn eof] . o;n] e"sDkkLl8tsf]


<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f u/L /fHoaf6<br />

k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt ePsf]<br />

cj:yfdf ;f] lbnfpg ;kmn ePsf]df lzlj/<br />

k|lt kLl8t kl/jf/n] cfef/ k|s6 u/] .<br />

lhNnfsf] tf?sf uflj;sL :Jfl:tsf<br />

>]i7, !&, anfTs[t ePsf] t/ k|x/Låf/f<br />

ph"/L u|x0f ug{ cl:jsf/ u/]sf] ;DaGwdf<br />

3'DtL lzlj/df ph"/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .<br />

lzlj/n] kLl8tsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf af/]df<br />

hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ph"/L bQf{ ug{ cfu|x<br />

u/]kZrft\ g'jfsf]6 k|x/L sfof{non] lghsf]<br />

d'2f bQf{ u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

;|f]tM e"sDk / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ e"sDk, @)&@ df <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, k]h g+= $*—$(<br />

ck'u x'g'sf] ;fy} afnLo'Qm hldg;d]t dfl;g<br />

k'u]sf] cj:yf 5 . k|efljtx¿dWo] sltkosf]<br />

cfkm\gf] gfddf hUuf gePsf] -bf]nvfl:yt<br />

u'7Lsf] hUufdf a;]sf] yfdL / blnt ;d'bfo_<br />

sf/0f ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf]<br />

kIfdf tTsfn lg0f{o gug]{ xf] lj:yflkt x'g'kg]{<br />

b]lvG5 .<br />

e"sDksf] sf/0f hldg rls{P/ klx/f]sf] hf]lvd<br />

a9]/ a:tL ;fg{ egL k|fljlws 6f]nLx¿af6<br />

l;kmfl/z ePsf a:tLx¿ vfnL u/L k'gM<br />

:yfkgf ug] { sfo{ ce}m x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .<br />

o;af6 <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo Pjd\ ef}lts Ifltsf] hf]lvd sfod} /x]sf] kfOG5 . d'n'sdf ljBdfg<br />

/fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] k|efj e"sDkkLl8tx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf ;d]t k/]sf] kfOPsf]<br />

5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ Pjd\ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k|fs[lts k|sf]k–kLl8tx¿sf] k'gM:yfkgf<br />

Pjd\ <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fh:tf ;dj]<strong>bg</strong>zLn ljifodf ;femf cjwf/0ff;lxt hjfkmb]lxtf<br />

Pjd\ ;xof]uL Jojxf/ b]vfpg cfjZos b]lvG5 . e"sDkkl5sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yf;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] 5'§} <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df e"sDkaf6<br />

ePsf] Iflt, p4f/, /fxt tyf ljkt\ Joj:yfkg sfo{sf af/]df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

b[li6sf]0fn] cg'udg u/L k|fKt tYox¿sf] ljZn]if0f;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn,<br />

ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ u/]sf] l;kmfl/z klg<br />

pNn]v 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL ( df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

@=!!=@= af9Lklx/f]af6 k|efljtx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

g]kfndf af9Lklx/f]sf] sf/0f j;]{lg hldg s6fg, 8'jfg / a:tLx¿ k|efljt x'g] u/]sf<br />

5g\ . af9Lu|:t :yfgx¿df Hj/f], emf8fkvfnf, ?3fvf+ ]sL, 5fnfdf ;ª\qmd0f x'g], cfFvf<br />

kfSg]nufotsf ;?jf /f]u b]vfk/]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . tL If]qdf s]xL ;'Ts]/L / ue{jtL<br />

dlxnf, afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿ a9L k|efljt ePsf lyP .<br />

af9LkLl8tx¿nfO{ vfBfGg, a;f]af;, :jf:Yo ;]jf, nQfsk8fnufot cTofjZos j:t'<br />

tyf ;]jfx¿sf aGbf]a:t x'g g;Sbf pgLx¿ ufF;af;, skf;, lzIff, :jf:Yoh:tf<br />

cTofjZos ;]jfaf6 jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] 5 . af9Ln] ;8s tyf emf]n'ª\u] k'n aufpFbf ljleGg<br />

lhNnf tyf ufpFx¿aLr cfjthfjtdf cj/f]w k'Ug'sf ;fy} vfBfGg, cf}iflwnufotsf<br />

/fxt ;fdu|Lx¿ cfk"lt{df ;d:of cfPsf] Pjd\ ljB't tyf ;~rf/;]jf cj?4 ePsf]<br />

kfOPsf] lyof] . s]xL :yfgdf klx/f]n] lkpg] kfgLsf] ef}lts ;+/rgfdf k'¥ofPsf] Ifltaf6<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (45)


lkpg] kfgLsf] cefj ePsf] lyof] . af9L tyf 8'jfg k|efljt If]qsf afl;Gbfx¿sf]<br />

;dod} p4f/ x'g g;s]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] sf/0f 3/af/ljxLg ePsf tyf pRrhf]lvddf k/]sf<br />

;a}sf] k'gjf{;, lzIff, :jf:Yoh:tf cTofjZosLo ;]jfx¿sf] plrt k|aGw ldnfpg,<br />

af9Lk|efljt If]qdf dxfdf/L km}ng ;Sg] cj:yftkm{ ;ts{ /xL cfjZos Joj:yf<br />

ldnfpg Pjd\ dxfdf/Lsf ;ª\s]t b]lvPsf :yfgx¿df :jf:Yo 6f]nLx¿ kl/rfng ug{<br />

klg cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] . k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 x/]s jif{ x'g] u/]sf] o;k|sf/sf] ;ª\s6<br />

Go"g ug{ k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd If]q klxrfg u/L ;fjwfgLsf cfjZos pkfox¿<br />

cjnDag ug{ tyf :yfoL p4f/u[x lgdf{0f u/L /fxt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] Jojl:yt ljt/0f<br />

ug]{tk{m Wofg l<strong>bg</strong>;d]t <strong>cfof</strong>]un] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

lbPsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog gx'g'n] clxn] klg afFs], alb{of nufotsf If]qdf /x]sf<br />

kLl8tx¿n] cem klg bogLo hLjg u'hfg'{k/]sf] 5 . h;sf] df/df dlxnf, ;'Ts]/L,<br />

afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s;d]t /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

(46) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


kl/R5]b– #<br />

#=!= ph"/L btf{<br />

;+/If0f;DaGwL sfo{x¿<br />

;+ljwfg / sfg"gtM <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf nflu JolQm, ;d"x jf ;d'bfosf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g jf b'?T;fxg x'g k'u]sf]df ph"/L u|x0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf]<br />

If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ ph"/L <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;fdfGotofM kLl8t, kl/jf/ jf hf]sf]xLaf6 klg lnO{<br />

sf/afxL rnfpg ;S5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]u cfkm}Fn] klg ;~rf/–dfWoddf ;Dk|]lift ;dfrf/ jf<br />

hf]sf]xLaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df ph"/L lng ;S5 / lnFb} klg cfPsf] 5 . o;/L<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf k|fKt ph"/Ldfly cg'udg, cg';Gwfg Pjd\ 5fgjLg u/L u/L cfjZos sfg"gL<br />

sf/afxLsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|fKt <strong>clwsf</strong>/adf]lhd sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{nox¿df hDdf @!( ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ .<br />

btf{ ePsf ph"/Lx¿sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL # df pNn]v 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf k/]sf ph"/Lsf ljifox¿df /fhgLlts tyf gful/s <strong>clwsf</strong>/, cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/, oftgf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . k|fKt ph""/Lsf] k|s[lt x]bf{<br />

Gofo–k|zf;g, xTof, a]kQf, ckx/0f, sf/fuf/÷u}/Goflos y'gf, wDsL, :jf:Yo, lzIff,<br />

/f]huf/Lsf] xs cflb 5g\ . To;}u/L dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/, afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/, ckfËtf ePsf<br />

JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, hftLo lje]blj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nufotsf ljifodf klg ph""/Lx¿<br />

btf{ x'g cfPsf 5g\ . sltko ph" "/Lx¿ ljutsf] ;z:q åGåsfndf ePsf 36gf;Fu<br />

;DalGwt /x]sf 5g\ . o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ !!%,<br />

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ @^, oftgf $&, afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ &, dlxnf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ !!, JolQm a]kQflj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ^ ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\<br />

;DaGwL # j6f ph"/L bfo/ x'g cfPsf 5g\ .<br />

#=!=!= If]qut cfwf/df k/]sf ph"/Lx¿<br />

o; cfly{s jif{df hDdf @!( ph"/Lx¿ btf{ ePsf]df ;a}eGbf a9L If]qLo sfof{no<br />

lj/f6gu/df ^@ ph"/L k/]sf 5g\ eg] ;a}eGbf sd pkIf]qLo sfof{no h'Dnfdf @<br />

/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L s]Gb|Lo sfof{no nlntk'/df %$, If]qLo sfof{no hgsk'/ $@ /<br />

wgu9Ldf @@, kf]v/f !# / g]kfnu~h & j6f 5g\ . pkIf]qLo sfof{no a'6jn !@ /<br />

vf]6fªdf % j6f ph"/L /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (47)


#=!=@= gf} dxf;lGwdf cfwfl/t ph"/Lx¿<br />

gf} dxf;lGwdf cfwfl/t ph"/Lsf] k|s[lt x]bf{ o; cf=j=df ;a}eGbf a9L ph""/L gful/s<br />

tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/df !!% /x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@^, oftgf $&, afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ &, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ !!, JolQm a]kQflj?åsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ^,<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\;DaGwL # / cGodf @ j6f ph""/L bfo/ x'g<br />

cfPsf 5g\ .<br />

#=!=#= ljifout cfwf/df k/]sf ph"/Lx¿<br />

o; jif{ Gofo k|zf;gdf ;a}eGbf a9L %$, oftgf÷b'Jo{jxf/df $& / hLjgsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/df $! ph"/L k/]sf 5g\ . JolQm a]kQf kfl/Psf] egL c1ft ;d"xaf6 % /<br />

;'/IffsdL{af6 ! u/L ^ ph"/L btf{ 5g\ . u}/Goflos y'gflj?å &, :j]R5frf/L kqmfp $<br />

/ :jtGqtfsf] xs xgg\ egL $ ph"/L bfo/ ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L :jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

!), cfjf;sf] xs / :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs xgg\ ePsf] egL #÷# ph""/L btf{ x'g<br />

cfPsf 5g\ . dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pNnª\3g !! / afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\df & ph"/L /x]sf<br />

5g\ . hftLo / eflifs lje]blj?å !÷! ph""/L 5g\ . ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

xgg\ # / cGodf @ ph"/L ;dfj]z 5g\ .<br />

#=@= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg'udg<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]un] @ lsl;daf6 cg'udg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

klxnf], <strong>cfof</strong>]u cfkm}Fåf/f Psn ¿kdf / bf];|f], <strong>cfof</strong>]u;lxt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;dGjo<br />

/ ;xsfo{df . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu k|ToIf Pjd\ k/f]If 36gf / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw;Demf}tf / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfg"gn] Joj:yf u/]sf xs–<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] xgg\<br />

/ sfof{Gjog cj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cg'udg;DaGwL sfo{ cufl8 a9fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .<br />

;fdfGotM cg'udg sfo{ lgoldt ¿kdf x'g] ub{5, h;df ;du| <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf,<br />

aGb x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf, s}bLaGbLx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, sf/fuf/ tyf<br />

lx/f;tsf] cj:yf, u}/sfg"gL y'gf /x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s, ;dfflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

df d'Qm xlnofx¿sf] cj:yf, c:ktfn Pjd\ :jf:Yo cj:yf, pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

k|fs[lts k|sf]k -af9L–klx/f]÷e"sDk_ af6 lj:yflktx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cflb 5g\ . To;}u/L<br />

h]i7 gful/s, dlxnf, afnaflnsf, cflbjf;L hghflt, cNk;ª\Vos÷;LdfGts[t<br />

;d'bfox¿, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] cj:yf /<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf] cj:yfnufotsf ljifodf klg <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg'udg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .<br />

To;}u/L cfsl:ds ¿kdf klg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cg'udg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . tTsfn s'g} c;xh<br />

(48) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


cj:yf pTkGg ePdf jf s'g} ljifodf cg'udg ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfOk/]sf] l:yltdf o;<br />

k|sf/sf] cg'udg x'g] ub{5 .<br />

o; cfly{s jif{df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ljifonfO{ lnP/ hDdf<br />

@$@ k6s cg'udg u/]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 @* k6s cg'udg u/]sf] b]lvG5<br />

eg] If]qLo sfof{nox¿ lj/f6gu/af6 #&, g]kfnu~h %) -%* j6f ljifo_, hgsk'/<br />

$^, wgu9L @! / kf]v/faf6 !* k6s cg'udg ePsf] cj:yf 5 . To;}u/L pkIf]qLo<br />

sfof{nox¿af6 qmdzM vf]6fª !!, a'6jn !^ / h'Dnfn] !% k6s cg'udg u/]sf]<br />

b]lvG5 .<br />

o; cjlwdf ePsf @$! cg'udgdWo] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf @^ j6f ePsf 5g\, h;df<br />

hgsk'/ @), lj/f6gu/ #, kf]v/f @ / s]sf ! /x]sf 5g\ . hgsk'/n] $^ j6fdWo]<br />

@) j6f cg'udg <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfx¿;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{ /<br />

;dGjodf u/]sf] 5 .<br />

;xsfo{df cg'udg ul/Psf ljifo ;fdfGotM t/fO{–dw];df ePsf] cfGbf]ngdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . lj/f6gu/n] dw]zL df]rf{åf/f ul/Psf] aGbdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf gful/s ;dfh, cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] k]6«f]ndf cfuf]<br />

nufpFbf b'O{ hgf aflnsfsf] xftv'§f hnL 3fOt] ePsf] elgPsf] 36gfdf OG;]s,<br />

sf]sg / y8{ PnfoG;;Fu / dlxnfdfly anfTsf/ ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfdf hfu/0f<br />

g]kfn;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{df cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] . If]sf kf]v/fn] sf:sLdf lhNnf k|zf;g<br />

sfof{no, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt, dlxnf afnaflnsf sfof{no, :yfgLo gful/s<br />

;dfh;F<strong>usf</strong>] afnu[xsf afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf tyf p4f/sf] ;DaGwdf / OG;]s;F<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;xsfo{df k[YjL /fhdfu{ a;–Joj;foL ;ª\3åf/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, lzIff dGqfno / lzIff<br />

ljefu;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{df k;f{ / wg'iffdf afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf;DaGwdf cg'udg<br />

;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .<br />

t/fO{–dw];nufotsf lhNnfdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf;DaGwL<br />

cg'udg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;Fu;sf] ;dGjodf ePsf] b]lvG5 . sltko cg'udgdf<br />

dfggLo cWoIf Pjd\ ;b:ox¿sf] g]t[Tj /x]sf] 5 . af/f / k;f{df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo<br />

cWoIfsf] g]t[Tjdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] .<br />

cg'udg;DaGwL la:t't ljj/0f cg';"rL $ df ;dfj]z 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (49)


#=#= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg';Gwfg<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g / b'?T;fxgsf 36gf;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{<br />

k|fyldstfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf klg ljut jif{x¿ / o;<br />

cf=j=df k/]sf / :jljj]sLo ph"/Ldfly cg';Gwfg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . o; cf=j=df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 gofF / k'/fgf u/L hDdf @)* ph" "/Ldfly cg';Gwfg ePsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ o; jif{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 & / If]qLo sfof{nox¿ qmdzM<br />

wgu9L ^), kf]v/f @$, lj/f6gu/ &, g]kfnu~h @* / hgsk'/n] * cf]6f ph"/Lpk/<br />

cg';Gwfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L pkIf]qLo sfof{no vf]6fª &# / h'Dnfaf6 !<br />

ph"/Ldfly cg';Gwfg ePsf] 5 . o;/L cg';Gwfg ul/Psf sltko ph"/Lx¿ ;z:q<br />

åGå;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\, h;df gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/cGtu{t hLjgsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, oftgf, a]kQf /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

df lj:yflkt, k'gM:yfkgf, ;DklQ n'6kf6, Ifltk"lt{, dlxnf, afnaflnsfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cflb 5g\ . la:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL % df /flvPsf] 5 .<br />

#=$= ph"/L km5of}{6 / l;kmfl/z<br />

o; cf=j=df cof]uaf6 cg';Gwfg ;DkGg ePsfdWo] hDdf !*@ j6f ph" "/Lsf] lg?k0f<br />

ePsf] 5 . lg?k0f ePsf ph"/Ldf @^ j6f l;kmfl/z ePsf 5g\ . 6'ª\Uofpg] egL $&,<br />

vf/]hL !)$ / tfd]nL /fVg] egL % j6f ph"/Ldfly lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

6'ª\Uofpg] egL lg0f{o ul/Psf ph"/Lx¿df Gofo–k|zf;g (, ckx/0f &, lj:yflkt<br />

$, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ !), oftgf !@, hftLo lje]b, dlxnf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ !÷! / cGo @ /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L vf/]hL ul/Psf ph" "/Lx¿df Gofo–k|zf;g<br />

!*, a]kQf !@, ckx/0f !$, xTof %, lj:yflkt $, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ @*, oftgf !(, hftLo lje]b @, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / cGo !÷! /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

tfd]nLdf /flvPsf % ph"/Ldf $ oftgf / ! a]kQf;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvG5g\ .<br />

o;;DaGwL la:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL ^ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

(50) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


kl/R5]b—$<br />

;Dj4{g;DaGwL<br />

$=!= ;Dj4{gfTds ultljlwx¿<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL lzIff / ;r]tgfdf la:tf/ Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] jsfnt,<br />

kIfkf]if0f tyf ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f;DaGwL sfo{ la:tf/df ;Dj4{gfTds sfo{sf] e"ldsf<br />

ljz]if x'G5 . ;+j}wflgs Pjd\ sfg"gL bfloTTjcGtu{t /xL <strong>cfof</strong>]un] o; k|sf/sf<br />

ultljwx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5, h;af6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] clej[l4 Pjd\ ;+:<br />

s[ltsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'Ug uPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;Dj4{g;DaGwL ultljlwx¿nfO{ yk<br />

Jojl:yt / k|efsf/L agfpg /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;xsfo{<br />

tyf ;dGjo;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)^( hf/L u/L ultljlwx¿ ;DkGg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Dj4{gsf] lgldQ ljljw ljifodf cGtlq{mof, 5nkmn, ;ef, uf]i7L,<br />

sfo{zfnf, tfnLdnufotsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o; jif{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

æ;a}sf nflu 3/3/df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/, zflGt / ljsf;sf] cfwf/Æ eGg] d"n gf/f;lxt<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ultljlwx¿ cufl8 a9fPsf] lyof] . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ^ jif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgf nfu"<br />

ug]{ tof/Ldf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o; cf=j=df klg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] Psn / ;xsfo{÷;dGjodf ;Dj4{g;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 @@^ cf]6f ;Dj4{g;DaGwL sfo{x¿ ePsf b]lvG5, h;df s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6<br />

%, lj/f6gu/af6 ##, hgsk'/af6 @^, kf]v/faf6 @!, g]kfnu~haf6 $(, wgu9Laf6<br />

#* / pkIf]qLo sfof{no vf]6fª @%, a'6jn % / h'Dnf & /x]sf 5g\ . oLdWo] !% j6f<br />

sfo{qmd ;/f]sf/jfnf ;ª\3;+:yfx¿;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L<br />

ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfåf/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht %$ j6f sfo{qmddf ;|f]t JolQm÷ljifolj1, &! j6f<br />

sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly÷cltlysf] ¿kdf pkl:ylt hgfPsf] / @^! j6f sfo{qmddf<br />

;xefuL ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Dj4{gfTds ultljlw;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL & df pNn]v<br />

5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (51)


kl/R5]b—%<br />

ljefuLo ultljlwx¿<br />

%=!= k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\gf] b}lgs sfo{sf cltl/Qm <strong>cfof</strong>]u;Fu ;DalGwt Joj:yfkg, <strong>dfgj</strong> ;+zfwg<br />

tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f;DaGwL sfo{x¿ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . k|zf;g dxfzfvfdfkm{t <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6<br />

ePsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gnufotsf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo,<br />

pkIf]qLo sfof{nox¿sf] nflu Joj:yfksLo sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . h;df cfjZos kg]{<br />

;jf/L ;fwg, xjfO{ l6s6nufot cGo cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfnufotsf sfo{x¿ /<br />

x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf x'g] e|d0fsf] cfjZos Joj:yfkg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

l8;]Da/ !) sf l<strong>bg</strong> cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;sf] cj;/df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] k|fË0fdf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] k|To]s jif{ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] :j= bof/fd kl/of/ :d[lt <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;Ddfg<br />

k|bfg ug{sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 .<br />

@)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] e"sDkn] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /x]sf] ejg Ifltu|:t<br />

eO{ a:g gldNg] ePkl5 <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] d"n ejg cufl8kl§ /x]sf] vfnL hUufdf lk|ˆofaaf6<br />

6x/fx¿ lgdf{0f u/L sfof{no ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . 5nkmn a}7ssf nflu<br />

gofF a}7s sIfsf] lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkg ug'{sf ;fy} sfg"gadf]lhd k'/fgf / k|of]uljxLg<br />

;fdfgx¿sf] lnnfdlaqmL ul/Psf] 5 . sfof{nosf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO tyf dd{t;Def/,<br />

/ª/f]ug h:tf sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{nosf<br />

nflu cfjZos ef}lts ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf]<br />

lgoldt dd{tsf ;fy} ;jf/L ;fwgsf] dd{t, aLdf, btf{ gjLs/0f tyf k|b"if0f hfFrkf;<br />

Pjd\ v/Lb ul/Psf ;fwgsf] gfd;f/L u/fOPsf] 5 .<br />

;'/Iff uf8{sf nflu gofF sfo{sIf lgdf{0f / ;~rfng / gofF tyf ;?jf eO{ cfPsf<br />

sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu sfo{sIf / cfjZos pks/0fx¿sf] Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{<br />

;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;'/Iff PsfOdfkm{t\ sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;'/Iff, <strong>cfof</strong>]udf h8fg ul/Psf<br />

pks/0fx¿df ;'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 klg sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;'/Iff PsfOaf6 5fkf<br />

;~rf/–dfWoddf cfPsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g, Hofblt / cfk/flws 36gfsf<br />

;DaGwdf clen]vLs/0f x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ejg dd{t;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf]<br />

5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]u kl/;/leq / aflx/ km"naf/L÷au}Frf tyf kfls{ª lgdf{0f / ;~rfngdf<br />

NofPsf] 5 .<br />

(52) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Joj:yfkg, /fhLgfdf :jLs[t, labfO, s/f/ gjLs/0f u/]sf]<br />

5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf nfdf] ;dob]lv cj?4 /x]sf] sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg;DaGwL k|lqmofdf<br />

@)^& ;fndf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 v'nf lj1fkg u/L ljleGg kbdf b/vf:t cfXjfg u/]sf]df<br />

;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f k/L cbfntsf] cfb]zdf k/LIff :ylut ePsf] lyof] .<br />

km};nfkZrft\ lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfngsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]un] nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]u;Fu k/fdz{<br />

/ ;dGjo u/L sfo{ u/]sf] lyof], h;df nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k/LIff;d]t ;DkGg eO{<br />

*) hgf sd{rf/Lsf] kbk"lt{ eO;s]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf klg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L /<br />

sd{rf/Lx¿af6 cGt/f{li6«o txdf ;DkGg ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿df ;xeflutf hgfOPsf]<br />

5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL– !) df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

%=@= cfly{s Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{<br />

o; jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷@)&# sf] nflu j=lz=g+= @!$)!!#<br />

rfn"tkm{ ?=!!,$!,$#,@&!.–-P3f/ s/f]8 PsrfnL; nfv lqrfnL; xhf/ b'O{ ;o<br />

PsxQ/_ ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?= &,(#,&&,&#@.&* -;ft s/f]8 lqofgJa] nfv ;txQ/<br />

xhf/ ;ft;o aQL; ?lkofF c7xQ/ k};f_ ?lkofF lgsf;f tyf vr{ ePsf] 5 To;}<br />

u/L j=lz=g+=@!$))!# rfn'tkm{ ?=%@,(^,&@(.–-afpGg nfv 5ofgAa] xhf/ ;ft;o<br />

pgfGtL; ?lkofF_ ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=%),#(,&*$.&@ -krf; nfv pgfGrfnL;<br />

xhf/ ;ft;o rf}/f;L ?lkofF axQ/ k};f_ lgsf;f tyf vr{ ePsf] / k'Flhuttkm{ ?=<br />

@&,@),))).–-;QfO; nfv aL; xhf/ _ ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=@^,^@,&$$.!)-5AaL;<br />

nfv a};7L xhf/ ;ft;o rjfnL; ?lkofF bz k};f_ ?lkofF lgsf;f tyf vr{ ePsf]<br />

5 .<br />

To;} u/L of] jif{ /fh:j cfDbfgL ?=%,#^,(*!.–-kfFrnfv 5QL; xhf/ gf};o Psf;L<br />

?lkofFdfq_ eO{ /fh:j /sd a}ª\s bflvnf ePsf] 5 . w/f}6Ltkm{ ut cfj;Ddsf]<br />

lhDd]jf/L;lxt of] jif{sf] s'n cfDbfgL ?=(&,(%#.(& -;GtfgAa] xhf/ gf};o lqkGg<br />

?lkofF ;GtfgAa] k};fdfq_ ePsf]df w/f}6L lkmtf{ gePsf]n] ?=(&,(%#.(& -;GtfgAa]<br />

xhf/ gf};o lqkGg ?lkofF ;GtfgAa] k};f dfq_ w/f}6L afFsL 5 .<br />

of] jif{ ljleGGg kl/of]hgftkm{ ut jif{sf] df}Hbft / of] jif{ k|fKt cfDbfgL;d]t<br />

??=%&,@$,%!@.%@-;GtfpGg nfv rf}lj; xhf/ kfFr;o af¥x k};f afpGgdfq_ ePsf]df<br />

;f] dWo]jf6 vr{ ?=@@,&&,#%*.%@ -afO; nfv ;QxQ/ xhf/ tLg;o cG7fpGg k};f<br />

afpGgdfq_, w/f}6L ?=$!,))).–-PsrfnL; xhf/dfq_, k]ZsL afFsL ?= #$,*@%.&!<br />

-rf}lQ; xhf/ cf7 ;o klRr; k};f PsxQ/_ / a}ª\s df}Hbft ?= #$,%*,$)(.–<br />

-rf}QL; nfv cG7fpGg xhf/ rf/;o gf}dfq_ /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL<br />

!! df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (53)


%=#= sfg"g;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cfjlws ¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg,<br />

To;df ug'{kg{] ;'wf/ tyf ;+zf]wgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf l;kmfl/z ug]{ h:tf<br />

sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷@)&# df ;DkGg u/]sf sfo{x¿sf] ljj/0f<br />

b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M<br />

/fo ;'emfj<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;'emfj<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL bfloTjcGtu{t @)&@ c;f]h<br />

# ut] hf/L g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf ;}4flGts ¿kdf * / wf/fuft ¿kdf @&<br />

u/L #% a'Fb] ;'emfjx¿ k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfjx¿dWo]<br />

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] qmddf s/La Ps ltxfO{ ;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf]<br />

5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfjx¿nfO{ cg';"rLdf ( df<br />

;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

P]gx¿df ;'emfj<br />

o; cfly{s jif{df /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g, @)^* sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ k"0f{tM k]l/; l;4fGtcg's"n ;~rfng x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ug{sf] nflu<br />

jt{dfg P]gdf ;+zf]wg l;kmfl/z k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf k7fPsf]]<br />

5 . ;+zf]lwt k|:tfjdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ljleGg l;kmfl/zx¿ u/]sf] 5, h;df <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

d'2f rnfpg egL u/]sf l;kmfl/zx¿df dxfGofoflwjQmfaf6 clgjfo{ d'2f rnfpg,<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\gf] gfdaf6 gfln; ph'/ ug{ / <strong>cfof</strong>]u pk/ klg ;f]xL gfdaf6 gfln;<br />

ph'/ nfUg ;Sg] pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g jf To;sf] b'?T;fxg<br />

ePsf] ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L ug{ xbDofb gnfUg], <strong>cfof</strong>]un] kLl8t JolQmsf] cj:yf<br />

x]/L !) nfv ?lkofF;Dd Ifltk"lt{ / kl/k"/0fsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug{ ;Sg], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

ljQLo :jtGqtf, cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> k|fb]lzs / pkk|fb]lzs<br />

sfof{nox¿ /xg ;Sg] / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> sd{rf/L <strong>cfof</strong>]u cfkm}Fn] lgo'Qm ug]{;DaGwL<br />

Joj:yfx¿ ;+zf]lwt k|:tfjdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnoaf6 d:of}bf ePsf] ;fdflhs<br />

s'/Llt;DaGwL -s;"/ / ;hfo_ ljw]os, @)&@ sf] d:of}bfdfly <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\gf] ;'emfj<br />

k]z u/]sf] 5 . bkmfjf/ ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf cltl/Qm dlxnfx¿dfly dlxgfaf/Lsf]<br />

(54) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


sf/0f x'g] lje]b, kLl8t / sltko cj:yfdf kL8snfO{ ;d]t k|efjsf/L k/fdz{,<br />

hfx]/jfnf jf ;"rgfstf{ ;fIfLx¿sf] gfdsf] uf]kgLotfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg l<strong>bg</strong> ;'emfj<br />

ul/Psf] 5<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] o; jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;z:q k|x/L lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/L ;z:q k|x/Ln] kqmfp<br />

k'hL{ l<strong>bg</strong> kfpg] u/L u/]sf] ;+zf]wg;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] tkm{af6 ;'emfj k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .<br />

;'emfjdf ;z:q k|x/L an P]gdf g} kqmfp ug{ ;Sg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|bfg u/]sf] ;Gbe{df<br />

lgodfjnL dfq ;+zf]wg u/]/ ;f] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] pNn]v 5 . o;sf ;fy}<br />

d"n P]gdf kqmfp ug] { <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|bfg ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;z:q k|x/LnfO{ kqmfp ug]{<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ l<strong>bg</strong>] of gl<strong>bg</strong>] < ;DaGwL d"n Joj:yf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] d"No / dfGotfcg's"n<br />

5–5}g egL uDeL/ ¿kn] 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg] ljifo x'g ;Sg] /fo k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .<br />

o;sf cnfjf ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] k|:tfljt lgodfjnL, a]kQf<br />

kfl/Psf JolQm 5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] k|:tfljt lgdodfjnL / nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ;fdfGo<br />

l;4fGtsf] d:of}bfdf ;d]t lnlvt ;'emfj k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> blnt <strong>cfof</strong>]u,<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> dlxnf <strong>cfof</strong>]unufotsf ljleGg ;ª\3;+yfx¿åf/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht sfo{qmdx¿df<br />

pkl:yt eO{ ljifout ¿kdf zjf]Tvgg\ dfu{lgb]{lzsf, vfB;DaGwL P]gx¿df ;d]t<br />

;'emfj k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .<br />

lgodfjnL;DaGwL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;]jf, zt{ / ;'ljwf;DaGwL<br />

lgodfjnL, @)%* nfO{ vf/]h u/L @)&@ sf] d:of}bf ug]{ sfo{ klg dxfzfvf;d]tsf]<br />

;lqmotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm lgodfjnL @)&@ k'; @) ut]af6 hf/L eO{ xfn<br />

sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL sfg"g lgdf{0f;DaGwL<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ hf/L ePsf] ;Gbe{df lgdf{0f x'g] sfg"gx¿;d]t <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL x'g'kg]{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] wf/0ffcg';f/ sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;]jf<br />

ljw]os cufl8 a9fpg lg/Gt/ kxn eO/x]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL tyf k|wfgdGqL tyf<br />

dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no / sfg"g tyf ;+;lbo dfldnf dGqfno;Fu ca aGg] ;a}<br />

sfg"gx¿ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL agfpg] ;DaGwdf kqfrf/ ug]{ tyf hfgsf/L lng] sfo{<br />

o;} cfly{s jif{df ;'? ePsf] 5 . ljz]iftM df}lns xscGtu{t aGg] sfg"gx¿ ;dodf<br />

g} / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] d"No–dfGotfadf]lhd lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ;'? ePsf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (55)


d'2f–dfldnf<br />

ljut cfly{s jif{af6 lhDd]jf/L ;/L cfPsf / o; cfly{s jif{df <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ ljkIfL<br />

agfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k'g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntdf ;d]t btf{ ePsf<br />

d'2fx¿df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> tkm{af6 lnlvt hjfkm tyf k|ltpQ/ k|:t't ug]{, cbfnt ;dIf<br />

pkl:yt eO{ ax;÷k}/jL ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ljut cfly{s jif{x¿df ;fdfGotM<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf dfq d'2f btf{ x'g] u/]sf eP klg o;<br />

cfly{s jif{df k'g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> / lhNnf cbfntdf ;d]t btf{ ePsf] 5 . o; cfly{s jif{df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ btf{ ePsf !# j6f d'2f tL cbfntx¿df ljrf/fwLg /x]sf<br />

5g\ .<br />

dxTTjk"0f{ lg0f{o k|sfzg<br />

o; cfly{s jif{df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ljleGg ePsf dxTTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ 5gf]6 u/L<br />

rf/ dlxgfdf Ps k6s k|sfzg sfo{sf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf dxTTjk"0f{<br />

lg0f{ox¿nfO{ ;d]6L o; cf=j=df klxnf] cª\s k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf] 36gfdf d'2f bfo/ ug{sf] nflu /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf hl6ntf, ;dfwfgsf ljsNk tyf<br />

;'emfj;DaGwL sfo{bndf /xL <strong>cfof</strong>]u / dxfGofoflwjQmsf] sfof{nodf <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k]z<br />

ul/of] . ;f] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf] cfwf/df <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g, @)^*<br />

/ dxfGofoflwjQmfaf6 ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( df ;+zf]wg k|:tfj tof/ u/L<br />

sfo{ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .<br />

%=$= gLlt, cg';Gwfg tyf of]hgf;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] /0fgLlts of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf /0fgLlts nIox¿df k|ult xfl;n ug{<br />

gLlt, cg';Gwfg tyf of]hgf dxfzfvfn] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cfly{s jif{df <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6<br />

;/sf/L tyf kl/of]hgftkm{sf] ah]6cGtu{tsf] of]hgf÷sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf]<br />

cg'udg ePsf] lyof] . rf}dfl;s sfo{of]hgf tyf <strong>jflif</strong>{s sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog l:ylt<br />

lglb{i6 ul/Psf] ;do–;Ldf tyf :jLs[t ah]6sf] kl/lwleq /xL ;DkGg eP÷gePsf]<br />

;fy} ;du| pknlAw / ;d:ofx¿sf af/]df s]Gb|Lo÷If]qLo÷pkIf]qLo sfof{no;Fu<br />

5nkmn, cGtlq{mof ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / kl/kfngsf] lglDt cf=j= @)&@÷)&#<br />

df <strong>jflif</strong>{s ¿kdf to u/]sf sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;dLIffsf] ;fy} cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ sf]<br />

(56) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>jflif</strong>{s sfo{of]hgf th{‘dfsf] ;DaGwdf @)&# c;f/ !$—!% df 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

;f] sfo{qmddf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf pkIf]qLo sfof{noaf6 ;xeflutf /x]sf]<br />

lyof] .<br />

o;sf ;fy} Joj:yflksf–;+;b\ ;lrjfno, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> of]hgf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ;lrjfno, cy{<br />

dGqfnonufot cGo ;DalGwt lgsfodf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, <strong>jflif</strong>{s<br />

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog cj:yf tyf k|ult ljj/0fsf ;DaGwdf lg/Gt/ kqfrf/ x'Fb}<br />

cfPsf] 5 .<br />

%=%= cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw cg'udg;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf<br />

o; cjlwdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ sfo{of]hgfsf] af/]df k|a4{gfTds tyf Ifdtf clej[l4<br />

sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg eP, h;df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ sfo{of]hgf cg'udg ;+oGq u7g;DaGwL<br />

b'O{j6f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf lyP . 8f]6Ldf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog tyf<br />

;dGjo ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx¿, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ / cGo ;/sf/L kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{<br />

Ps l<strong>bg</strong>] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd / sf7df8f}Fdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ sfo{of]hgf cg'udg<br />

;"rs tyf ?h'–;"rLsf] af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . o:t} bfr'{nf, afh'/f, cf]vn9'ª\uf,<br />

vf]6fª, ef]hk'/, pbok'/, df]/ª, tfKn]h'ª, kfFry/, t]x|y'd / sf7df8f}Fdf cGtlq{mof<br />

sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] .<br />

o; cfly{s jif{df k|ToIf–ck|ToIf ¿kdf ;a} lhNnfdf sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:Yffaf/]df cg'udg ;DkGg eof], h;dWo] $) lhNnfdf sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog<br />

cj:yfaf/]df :ynut cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . cg'udg ul/Psf lhNnfdf bfr'{nf,<br />

8f]6L, afh'/f, s~rgk'/, s}nfnL, alb{of, afFs], ?s'd, bfª, x'Dnf, afFs], ;'v]{t, b}n]v,<br />

/f]Nkf, Ko"7fg,;Nofg, 8f]Nkf, hfh/sf]6, ¿kGb]xL, slknj:t', c3f{vfFrL, lrtjg, kfNkf,<br />

af/f, k;f{, /f}tx6, l;/xf, pbok'/, /fd]5fk, /;'jf, g'jfsf]6, cf]vn9'ª\uf, ef]hk'/,<br />

vf]6fª, ;+v'jf;ef, tfKn]h'ª, t]x|y'd, df]/ª / emfkf /x]sf 5g\ . cg'udg ul/Psf<br />

lhNnfx¿dWo] @* df dfggLo ;b:o uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn, kfFr lhNnfdf dfggLo<br />

;b:o df]xgf cG;f/L, rf/ lhNnfdf dfgLo ;b:o ;'bLk kf7s / tLg lhNNffdf<br />

dfggLo ;b:o k|sfz j:tLn] g]t[Tj ug'{ePsf] lyof] . afFsL lhNnfx¿df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 6f]nL ;+nUg /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L afFsL lhNnfx¿df 6]lnkmf]g / kqfrf/<br />

u/]/ klg tYo ;+sng Pjd\ hfgsf/L lnOPsf] lyof] .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (57)


cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYo<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>+z lhNnfx¿df /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf]<br />

cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYocg';f/ ljutsf] t'ngfdf ;du|df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;sf/fTds kl/0ffdx¿ b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;du|df x]bf{ gful/ssf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ / cfkm\gf] bfloTjk|lt ;/sf/sf lgsfox¿ ;hu x'Fb} uPsf] cj:yf 5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lzIffdf Jofkstf, ;fIf/tfsf] b/df j[l4, jftfj/0f / ljsf;df ;r]tgf<br />

j[l4, 3/]n' tyf dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] phfu/, åGåkLl8tx¿n] ;/sf/af6 yf]/}<br />

eP klg cGtl/d /fxt k|flKt Pjd\ ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf sfdx¿n] ult lnFb} uPsf]<br />

cj:yf 5 .<br />

oL ;sf/fTds ;jfnsf afah'b lzIffdf ;dfg / ;xh kx'Fraf6 b'u{d If]qsf<br />

afnaflnsfx¿ jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . sIff 5f]8L >d ug'{kg]{ afWotf, /f]huf/Lsf<br />

nflu ef/tsf] lbNnL, d'DaO{ / rLgsf] Nxf;fnufotsf 7fpFx¿df uPsf] b]lvG5 .<br />

o'jfx¿sf] 7"n} ;ª\Vof j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu t];|f] d'n'sdf knfog x'g k'u]sf] 5 .<br />

;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ljBdfg, ;dfj]zL ljsf;sf] gf/f s]jn cf}krfl/stfdf ;Lldt 5 .<br />

dlxnf, blnt lk5l8Psf hfthfltx¿sf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfaf6 jl~rt x'g'÷u/fOg'af6<br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog 6f9} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;'b"/klZrdsf 8f]6L, c5fd, aemfª, afh'/f,<br />

bfr'{nf, dWoklZrdsf s0ff{nL c~rnsf lhNnfx¿ tyf cGo kxf8L e]<strong>usf</strong> b'u{d<br />

If]qx¿df vfBfGg cefj, :jf:Yo r]tgfdf sdL, cf}ifwL / 8fS6/x¿sf] cg'knAwtfsf]<br />

cj:yf 5 . dlxnf, ckfËtf, Ho]i7 gful/s / of}lgs tyf n}ª\lus cNk;ª\Vosx¿k|lt<br />

x'g]÷ul/g] e]befjn] klg sfo{of]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtdf cem} w]/} sfd ug{ afFsL /x]sf]<br />

b]lvG5 .<br />

g]kfn kIf /fi6« ePsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGwx¿sf] sfof{Gjog Pjd\ cfjlws<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ kl5k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . /fhgLlts tyf<br />

gful/s / cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGwx¿<br />

/ afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] cfjlws <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;do gf3L k]z u/] klg cGo<br />

k|d'v dxf;lGwx¿sf] cfjlws <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>x¿ k]z ug]{ sfddf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lqmotf<br />

kof{Kt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .<br />

åGåkLl8tx¿nfO{ Gofo l<strong>bg</strong>] ;jfndf ;/sf/n] cGtl/d /fxt :j¿k kfFr nfv<br />

?lkofF;Dd /sd lbPsf], :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltx¿ Pjd\ ;To lg?k0f <strong>cfof</strong>]u / JolQm<br />

a]kQf 5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]u u7g ePsf 5g\ . u7g ePsf ;To lg?k0f <strong>cfof</strong>]u / JolQm<br />

a]kQf 5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ph"/Lx¿sf] cfXjfg u/]kl5 sltko kLl8tx¿df Gofosf]<br />

(58) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


cfzf knfP klg <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿n] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L ;zQm ¿kdf k"/f ug]{ ;jfndf<br />

kLl8t Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;d'bfo ljZj:t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ph"/L l<strong>bg</strong>] qmddf s]xL<br />

kLl8tx¿n] kL8s kIfaf6 wDsL v]Kg'k/]sf] u'gf;f] klg cfPsf] 5 . cem}, kl5Nnf]<br />

;dodf ;ª\qmd0fsflng ;+oGqx¿nfO{ cem} sdhf]/ agfpg] u/L /fhg}lts bnx¿aLr<br />

ePsf elgPsf ;xdltx¿n] oL <strong>cfof</strong>]udflysf] cljZjf;df emg\ dnhn ul/lbPsf]<br />

cj:yf 5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] axfnL / Gofok|flKtsf] nflu ePsf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf km};nfx¿ tyf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf l;kmfl/zx¿sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gaf6 kLl8tx¿nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ l<strong>bg</strong>] s'/fdf ;/sf/ nrs eP<br />

klg kL8snfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ s'/fdf cToGt} pbf;Lg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . lx/f;t tyf<br />

sf/fuf/sf] cj:yf x]bf{ cme}m klg s}bLaGbLx¿ cfkm\gf] xs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pkef]uaf6<br />

jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . lx/f;tdf oftgf lbOg] k|j[lQ 36] klg z"Godf eg] emg{<br />

;s]sf] 5}g .<br />

ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIff;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{x¿<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIffsf] bf];|f] rqmsf] 5nkmnsf] nflu gf]e]Da/<br />

$, @)!% df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo ;b:oåo df]xgf cG;f/L / uf]ljGb kf}8Øfn;lxt<br />

sd{rf/L ;lDdlnt 6f]nLsf] :jL6\h/Nof08sf] h]g]efdf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . kl5Nnf]<br />

;dLIffdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|ltlqmof l<strong>bg</strong> afFsL /x]sf #) j6f ;'emfjsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

dfr{ !^, @)!^ df h]g]efdf ePsf] ;efdf dfggLo ;b:o df]xgf cG;f/Lsf] g]t[Tjdf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;lrj / clws[t ;lDdlnt 6f]nLn] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] ;xeflutfk"j{<br />

ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIffsf] af/]df ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg ePsf lyP, h;df<br />

o; dxfzfvfaf6 <strong>cfof</strong>]un] o"kLcf/df k]z ug]{ <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf] nflu ;'emfj / ;"rgf<br />

;ª\sngsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn, cGtlq{mofnufotsf sfo{x¿ ul/Psf]<br />

lyof] . ;'emfjx¿sf] sfof{Gjog;DaGwdf ljleGg ;+:yf;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf b'O{ l<strong>bg</strong>]<br />

sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf cfjdf dxf;lGw sfof{Gjog cj:yf;DaGwL<br />

afFs], alb{of, df]/ªdf cg'udg Pjd\ cGtlq{mof sfo{qmd ePsf 5g\ .<br />

k|sfzgx¿<br />

o; dxfzfvfsf] ;+nUgtfdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fcl3 / kl5 ePsf cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf;DaGwL cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> tof/ u/L k|sfzg ul/of] . o;}u/L<br />

ljZjJofkL ;dLIffaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjx¿dWo] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlqmof l<strong>bg</strong> afFsL /x]sf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (59)


#) j6f ;'emfjdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] wf/0ff;lxtsf] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] /fo k|sfzg u/L<br />

ljt/0fdf NofOPsf] lyof] .<br />

%=^= n}lËs tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 n}lËs tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] If]qdf sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;<br />

cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ljz]iftM dlxnfsf] :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfsf] kIfaf6 cWoog sfo{nfO{<br />

cufl8 a9fPsf] lyof] . k|hgg\ :jf:Yo;DaGwL ljifonfO{ dlxnfsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu<br />

hf]8]/ sf]v ef8fdf lng] ljifo -;/f]u];L_ df cGtlq{mof, cWoog÷cg';Gwfg u/L<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/df ;'rfª\s<br />

tof/L, cjwf/0ffkq n]vg sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lghL ljBfnosf dlxnf lzIfssf]<br />

k|hgg\ :jf:Yo <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / ;fdflhs ;‘/Iff;DaGwL cjwf/0fkq tyf ;‘rfª\s tof/<br />

ePsf] 5 . o;} cfwf/df <strong>cfof</strong>]ujf6 cg‘udg;d]t e};s]sf] cj:yf 5 . uf]/vf, wflbª,<br />

sfe|] / eQmk‘/nufotsf lhNnfdf e"sDkkZrft\ ?h‘;"rL -r]s lni6_ tof/ u/L<br />

cg'udg ul/Psf] cj:yf 5 .<br />

dlxnf lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu dfglgo ;b:o df]xgf cG;f/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf<br />

cfGtl/s ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/L sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . dlxnfdfly lx+;f -hah{:tL s/0fL_<br />

sf] Gofodf kx‘Fr k‘¥ofpg] p2]Zon] ug{ PkLPkmsf] nflu k|:tfj tof/ u/L ;~rf/<br />

ug‘{sf] ;fy} o; If]qdf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfx¿;Fu Jofks ¿kdf 5nkmn ;DkGg ePsf]<br />

5 . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> hfFrj‘em÷cGj]if0f sfo{;DaGwdf cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ePsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs<br />

hfrFa‘emsf nflu dfu{lgb]{lzsf, @)&# tof/ u/L lg0f{osf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]u ;dIf k]z<br />

eO;s]sf] 5 . dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL tYofª\s ;ª\sng ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

%=&= ;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cf=j=df o; dxfzfvfaf6<br />

ljleGg ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ljsf; / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ tyf<br />

cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;d]tsf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug{ dfggLo ;b:o k|sfz j:tL,<br />

;lrj >L j]bk|;fb e§/fO{;lxtsf] 6f]nLn] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> uf}/jsf] ¿kdf 3f]lift lVfDtL–9Ns]a/<br />

@@) s]=eL= ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfsf] cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] . cg'udgkZrft\<br />

b]lvPsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] kxndf o; ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ /<br />

k|efljtx¿aLr <strong>cfof</strong>]udf b'O{ l<strong>bg</strong>;Dd nuftf/ 5nkmn eof] . ;f]xL 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ldlt @)&@ r}t !* Uft] lg0f{o u/L k|;f/0f nfOgsf] sfd ;'rf? ug{ /<br />

k|efljtx¿sf hfoh dfu ;Daf]wg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z u¥of] . kmntM<br />

(60) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


nfdf] ;dob]lv cj?4 pQm k|;f/0f nfOg <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfsf] sfd ;'rf? ePsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

lg0f{oadf]lhdsf] lkm8/ /f]8 lgdf{0fnufotsf sfo{x¿ Ps;fy x'g g;Sbf k|efljtx¿sf]<br />

lj/f]w hf/L /x]sf] cj:Yff 5 .<br />

lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] t/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] lg0f{oadf]lhdsf sfo{ gx'Fbf ;ª\3if{ ;ldltn]<br />

cj/f]w tyf lj/f]w hf/L /fv]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf]/jfnfx¿;Fu lg/Gt/ ;Dks{df /xg] tyf<br />

:ynut cg'udg eO/x]sf] 5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf ;lrjnfO{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf af]nfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g'sf ;fy} <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nonufotsf lgsfonfO{<br />

kqfrf/;d]t u/]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] @)&# ;fn h]7 !^ ut]b]lv @# ut];Dd 9f]/kf6g lzsf/ cf/Ifaf6 k|efljt<br />

:yfgLo tyf cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

cg'udgsf] qmddf ;ª\3if{ ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx¿, :yfgLo k|efljt JolQmx¿, cflbjf;L<br />

hghflt ;d'bfo, lzsf/ cf/Ifsf] sfof{no, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, /fhgLlts<br />

bnsf k|ltlglw;d]t;Fu 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . cg'udg If]qLo sfof{no kf]v/f;F<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;dGjodf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .<br />

o:t} cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] xs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] nflu sfo{x¿ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|j4{g ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf ;ª\3;+:yfsf]<br />

k|ltlglw;d]t u/L %) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf …cfO{Pncf] !^( dxf;lGw / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/Ú<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .<br />

dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] ;d:ofsf] sf/0f ;8sdf k'Ug afWo ePsf tyf 3/uf]7df<br />

;fª\nf]df afFlwg k'u]sf dflg;x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL pgLx¿sf] cj:yfdf<br />

;'wf/ Nofpg ljifout ;+:yfx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos hfgsf/L<br />

u/fpg kqfrf/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; ljifodf l56\6} g} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf aLrdf 5nkmn<br />

u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug] { of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . o:t} Ho]i7 gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf tyf lduf}{nf /f]uLsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;DaGwdf eP u/]sf sfdsf/afxL;DaGwdf<br />

;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ hfgsf/L dfu ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

%=*= cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw;DaGwL ljljw ultljlwx¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

;f]ln8fl/6L ;]G6/ >Lnª\sf, blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qLo >d ;ª\u7g kl/ifb\sf] ;xsfo{df<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (61)


@ l<strong>bg</strong>] ‘Cross-Regional Workshop on Recruitment and Employment Conditions<br />

of Migrant Workers in Kuwait and Qatar; Focusing on Domestic Workers from<br />

India and Nepal' ljifos sfo{zfnf r}t !#—!$, @)&@ (26-27 March 2016) <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf<br />

ul/Psf] lyof] . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf !@ h'nfO{ @)!^ df cfPsf] blIf0f Pl;ofnL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

(SAHR) sf k|ltlglw d08naLr e]63f6 Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ;d;fdlos ljifodf<br />

5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'n'ssf k|ltlglwx¿ /xg'ePsf] lyof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo cWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿ Pjd\ kfls:tfgL lxgfhLnfgL;d]tsf] pkl:<br />

ylt /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx¿af6 p7fOPsf lh1f;fx¿nfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo<br />

cWoIfn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . <strong>cfof</strong>]u / Pl;of k|zfGt d~r;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{df<br />

;~rf/;DaGwL tfnLd @^—@* clk|n @)!^, df sf7df8f}Fdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .<br />

;f] sfo{qmddf Pl;of k|zfGt If]qsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:yfsf !( hgf k|ltlglwsf]<br />

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo k|lzIfsdf h'8L u|]u/ /xg'ePsf] lyof]<br />

eg] ;dfkg ;df/f]xsf] ;Daf]wg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo ;b:o÷k|jQmf df]xgf cG;f/Ln]<br />

ug'{ePsf] lyof] . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u, g]kfn / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt<br />

stf/aLr gf]e]Da/ !^, @)!% df cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0ffy{ !) a'Fb]<br />

;dembf/Lkqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 t/fO{–dw];df ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] cjlwdf ;Ldf cj/f]wsf] sf/0f OGwg,<br />

pkef]Uo j:t' ;fy} la/fdLx¿sf] nflu rflxg] cf}ifwLnufot clS;hgsf l;ln08/x¿sf]<br />

cefj x'g k'u]sf] lyof] . o:tf cTofjZs j:t'x¿sf] cefj x'g / <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;ª\s6 cfpg<br />

gl<strong>bg</strong> ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3, Pl;of Kofl;lkms kmf]/d / cGt/f{li6«o ;dGjo ;ldltnufot<br />

cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!^ sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;dGjo<br />

;ldltsf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s ;b:otf z'Nssf] nflu k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no /<br />

k//fi6« dGqfno;Fu ;dGjosf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} o'Pg8LkLcGtu{t<br />

P;kLP;kL sf] tof/Lsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .<br />

%=(= afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL sfo{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;df afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf ph"/Lx¿ pk/ cg';Gwfg<br />

tyf cg'udg Pjd\ k|j4{gfTds sfo{x¿ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . cg'udg / cg';Gwfg<br />

Pjd\ k|j4{gfTds sfo{af6 k|fKt tYosf] cfwf/df afn ;+/If0f, afn ljsf;, afn<br />

;xeflutfnufotsf ;jfndf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

(62) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


tGqdGqsf] gfddf gjnk/f;Lsf] s'l8of j8f g= $, dr{xjfsf lzjdª\un sf]xf/sf !)<br />

jifL{o 5f]/f ;f]g' elgg] hLjg sf]xf/sf] @)&@ c;f/ !& ut] 3fF6L /]6L qm"/, c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo<br />

tj/n] xTof ul/Psf] 36gfk|lt <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿nfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd<br />

clwsQd ;hfo ug{ / d[tssf kl/jfnfO{ tTsfn /fxt / Ifltk"lt{:j¿k plrt /sd<br />

pknAw u/fpg ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] . ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdfly ;j{;fwf/0fsf]<br />

/fo;'emfj lng] qmddf k|bz{gsf/L / k|x/LjLr wg'iffsf] hgsk'/df ePsf] bf]xf]/f]<br />

em8kdf !$ jifL{o afns l<strong>bg</strong>]zs'df/ ;fxdfly k|x/Laf6 @)&@ ;fpg !# df ePsf]<br />

elgPsf] cfqmd0fsf] 5fgljg u/L bf]ifLdfly sf/afxL ug{ eg]sf] lyof] . ;ª\3Lo<br />

k|b]zsf] ;Ldfª\sgsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ @)&@ ;fpg #! df h'Dnfnufot laleGg<br />

lhNnfdf ePsf] aGb, x8\tfndf afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 36gfk|lt <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

afnaflnsfnfO{ cw{gUg cj:yfdf ;8sdf ptf/]/ aGb, x8\tfndf ;xefuL u/fpg'<br />

afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw tyf afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$* ljk/Lt sfo{ ePsf]<br />

:d/0f u/fpFb} To:tf sfo{ gu/fpg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] aGbstf{x¿nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

¿kGb]xLsf] a]y/Ldf @)&@ ebf} @( df ;'/IffsdL{ / cfGbf]ng/t kIfaLrsf] em8kdf<br />

uf]nL rNbf rf/ jifL{o rG<strong>bg</strong>s'df/ k6]n / !# jifL{of /Ghfgf If]qL;lxt b'O{ hgf<br />

afnaflnsf tyf lagf]bs'df/ nfsf}n / /fhs'df/ a/xL;d]tsf] d[To' ePsf] 36gfsf]<br />

;TotYo 5fgljg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL / d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ plrt<br />

/fxt tyf Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ug{, 36gfdf 3fOt] ePsf ;j{;fwf/0f tyf k|x/Lx¿sf]<br />

lgMz'Ns k|efjsf/L pkrf/sf] Joa:yf ldnfpg ;fy} cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf<br />

;a} sfo{qmd zflGtk"0f{ ;~rfng ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfXjfg u/]sf] lyof] . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u / l;hksf] ;xsfo{df @)&@ ebf} #! ut] ;+ljwfgsf] klxnf] d:of}bfdf<br />

afnaflnsfsf ljifo ;dfj]z ug]{;DaGwdf Ps lbj;Lo sfof{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg<br />

ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7L ljleGg /fhgLlts bn tyf ;ª\3;ª\u7gn] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf u/]sf]<br />

/fhgLlts lqmofsnfkdf /fhgLlts p2]Zok"lt{sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] Jofks k|of]unfO{<br />

lg?T;flxt ug]{ p2]Zodf s]lGb|t lyof] . sfo{qmddf /fhgLlts bn, u}/;/sf/L<br />

;+:yfx¿, KofJ;g, PgKofJ;g, cleefjs ;ª\3, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltnufotsf]<br />

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .<br />

k"j{ k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bxfn, lzIffdGqL lu/L/fhdl0f kf]v/]n, s[lifdGqL xl/jf]n<br />

uh'/]n / l;+rfO{ dGqL pd]z ofbjnufot ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

pkl:yt clvn g]kfn ls;fg dxf;ª\3 qmflGtsf/Lsf] ;ftf} F /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ;Dd]ng ug{sf<br />

nflu @)&#÷!÷@& df alb{af;, dxf]Q/Ldf b]p/fnL pdfljsf] ejg tyf d}bfg k|of]u<br />

u/]sf] egL ljleGg ;~rf/–dfWoddf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0fkl5 <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;r]t u/fPsf]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (63)


lyof] . To;}u/L ;~rf/–dfWodd} lghL ljBfnosf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ /fhgLlts ;efsf<br />

sfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL u/fpg cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x¿ cf];f/k;f/ u/]sf], O6x/Ldf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]lht ;8s;efdf ;xefuL x'g lj/f6gu/af6 cfPsf gofF zlQmsf ;dy{sx¿n]<br />

lghL ljBfnosf ljBfyL{ af]Sg] a; k|of]u ePsf], ljBfyL{ dfq af]Sg] ;ª\s]t a'emfpg]<br />

kx]Fnf] /ªsf] :s'n a;nfO{ gofF zlQm g]kfnsf] em08fn] 3]l/Psf] eGg] ;dfrf/k|lt<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cg'udg u/L To:tf sfo{ /f]Sg cg'/f]w ul/Psf]df cfufdL l<strong>bg</strong>df o:tf]<br />

x'g gl<strong>bg</strong>] 36gfsf] ;ldlt u7g u/L 5fgljg eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .<br />

g]qljqmd rGb ljKnj g]t[Tjsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] cfGbf]ngdf zflGtIf]q dflgPsf<br />

afnaflnsf / ljBfnosf] Jofks b'¿kof]u, h'n';df afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ hah{:tL<br />

ljBfno kf]zfs / emf]nf;Fu} ;xefuL u/fPsf] ;dfrf/k|lt <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;r]t u/fPsf]<br />

lyof] . zª\vd"nl:yt s]Pd;L ljBfnodf aflnsfx¿nfO{ lzIfsåf/f lkl6Psf] ] elgPsf]<br />

36gfsf ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg'udg u/L cfjZos sf/afxL;lxt afnaflnsfx¿nfO{<br />

dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg Pjd\ ;'v]{t u'6' uflj; lgjf;L jif{ !%<br />

sf afnsnfO{ @)&#÷!÷!@ ut] kqmfpkZrft\ s'6lk6 u/L zfl/l/s oftgf lbPsf],<br />

h'Qfsf] dfnf nufO{ ahf/ 3'dfO{ c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo tyf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ u/]sf] elgPsf]<br />

36gfsf] cg'udg u/L k|x/LnfO{ k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] . ;z:q<br />

åGåsf] ;dodf dfl/Psf JolQm;Fu cfl>t afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu lgMz'Ns lzIffsf]<br />

nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

;fOefs / dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfdf sf7df8f}Fdf<br />

ldlt @)&# h]7 @) df blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿sf] ;xeflutfdf<br />

afnljjfx cGTosf] nflu b'O{ l<strong>bg</strong>] sfof{zfnf uf]i7Ldf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo cWoIf / dfggLo<br />

;b:on] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu ;a}n] ;+o'Qm kxn ug' {kg]{df hf]8 l<strong>bg</strong>'ePsf] lyof] . ;dfh<br />

;]jf tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/df dlxnf / afnaflnsf -l;lj;_ af6 @)&# h]7 #) df g]kfnn]<br />

cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo ;dIf u/]sf] k|lta4tf / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfg"g afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$*,<br />

afn>d -lgoldt tyf lgif]w ug]{_ P]g, @)%^ ljk/Lt afnaflnsf afn>dzf]if0fsf]<br />

rk]6fdf kl//x]sf] tyf g]kfndf cem} klg !^ nfveGbf a9L afnaflnsf afn>dsf]<br />

rk]6fdf kg'{ b'Mvb\ kIf ePsf] hfgsf/Lk|lt tTsfn <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{<br />

sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kxn ug{ cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

o; cjlwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;Dj4{gsf] nflu ;/sf/nfO{ afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL ljleGg d'2fdf tyf gLltut l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 . l;kmfl/zdf Gf]kfnsf]<br />

;+ljwfgn] afnaflnsfsf] klxrfgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kg]{, afnaflnsfx¿<br />

cfkm\gf] klxrfgsf] cefjdf ;/sf/L ;]jf;'ljwf lngaf6 sltko cj:yfdf jl~rt<br />

ePsf]df ;f] x'g gl<strong>bg</strong>]h:tf ljifo /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

(64) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


%=!)= dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rlavglj?åsf] sfo{<br />

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg;DaGwL gjf}F /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

lbj; @)&@ ebf} @) dgfpg d"n ;df/f]x ;ldltdf /xL sfo{ u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> lbj;sf] d"n gf/f æxfdL ldnL u/f}F ljkb\sf] ;fdgf M <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf] cGTo<br />

xfd|f] st{Jo / rfxgfÆ /x]sf] lyof] . <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ;f]xL l<strong>bg</strong> gjf}F dfga a]rlavg tyf<br />

cf];f/k;f/lj?åsf] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ æljkt\kZrft\ <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf]<br />

hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ;Ldf lgu/fgL s]Gb|x¿sf] k|efjsfl/tf Pjd\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] e"ldsfÆ ljifos cGtlq{mof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf]<br />

lyof] . sfo{qmd <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo ;b:o df]xgf cG;f/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;GkGg ePsf]<br />

lyof] . ;xefuLx¿n] j}zfv !@, @)&@ sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkkZrft\ a]rlavgsf]<br />

hf]lvd a9]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/n] a]rlavg /f]syfd / lgoGq0fsf nflu ljkbsf<br />

;Gbe{nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg;DaGwL /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L<br />

sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;g\ @))% b]lv <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg;DaGwL /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]<br />

;xof]u / ;dGjodf k|sfzg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> g]kfn ;/sf/ / lgsfo;Fu<br />

/x]sf ljifout tYofª\s, ;"rgf, hfgsf/L, P]g, lgod, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿,<br />

sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] cWoogdf cfwfl/t 5 . To;}u/L o; If]qdf ePsf] ljleGg cWoog,<br />

cg';Gwfg / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] pknJw u/fPsf<br />

;"rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx¿nfO{ klg cfwf/ lnOPsf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg;DaGwL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> cf=j= @)&)÷@)&! / @)&!÷@)&@ -;g\ @)!#—@)!%_ k|sfzg<br />

u/L @)&#÷!÷( df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo cWoIfaf6 ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] . k|:t't<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>n] <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f, j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf]<br />

;DaGw, g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

a]rlavg /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f / ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu u/]sf k|of;x¿,<br />

Goflos ;Daf]wg, e"sDkkZrft\ <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f ug]{ k|of; u/]sf]<br />

5 . <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>n] cf=j= @)&)÷@)&! / @)&!÷@)&@ df <strong>k|ltj</strong>if{ ( xhf/b]lv (% ;o<br />

hgfnfO{ a]rlavgsf] k|of; x'g] u/]sf], b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwdf k|lt jif{ * xhf/b]lv *%<br />

;o hgf a]rlavgdf k/]sf] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . e"sDkkZrft\ ;Ldf lgu/fgL s]Gb|x¿df<br />

!% b]lv @) k|ltztn] ;Ldfaf6 kmsf{OPsf] ;ª\Vofsf] k|ltzt a9]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L<br />

j}b]lzs /f]huf/df g]kfnaf6 hfg] ax';ª\Vos cbIf sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf hfg] b]lvPsf]<br />

5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f Pjd\ ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu<br />

efjL l<strong>bg</strong>df g]kfn ;/sf/nufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿sf] l;kmfl/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (65)


z;d]t u/]sf] 5 . l;kmfl/z v08df lg/f]w, ;+/If0f, cleof]hg, cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg<br />

u/L rf/ zLif{sdf ljefhg u/L ;f]xLcg'¿k g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z cg';"rL=( df /flvPsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;f]ln8fl/6L ;]G6/ >Lnª\sf, blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qLo >d ;ª\u7g kl/ifb\sf]<br />

;xsfo{df @ l<strong>bg</strong>] ‘Cross-Regional Workshop on Recruitment and Employment<br />

Conditions of Migrant Workers in Kuwait and Qatar; Focusing on Domestic<br />

Workers from India and Nepal' ljifos sfo{zfnf r}t !#—!$, @)&@ (26-27 March<br />

2016) <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{zfnfdf vf8L uGtJo d'n's s'j]t / stf/, /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt stf/, ef/t / g]kfn pTklQ d'n'ssf tkm{sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]<br />

pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{zfnfdf uGtJo d'n's stf/ / s'j]tdf ef/t / g]kfnaf6<br />

hfg] sfdbf/x¿sf] egf{ / /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yfh:tf ljifo ;dfj]z lyP . sfo{qmdsf]<br />

cWoIftf <strong>cfof</strong>]udf dfggLo ;b:o ;'bLk kf7sn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf<br />

tkm{af6 dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf ;lrj >L dw'k|;fb /]UdL,<br />

>d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L uf]ljGbdl0f e't]{nnufotsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .<br />

sfo{zfnfdf stf/ / s'j]tsf ;xefuLx¿n] g]kfndf nfu" ul/Psf] lk|m l6s6 / lk|m<br />

le;fnfO{ lgs} dxTTjsf ;fy p7fPsf lyP .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u, g]kfn / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt stf/aLr<br />

cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0ffy{ !) a'Fb] ;dembf/Lkqdf gf]e]Da/ !^, @)!%<br />

df x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . ;f] ;dembf/Lkqn] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:yfx¿aLr ;xsfo{,<br />

låkIfLo ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgnufotsf sfo{x¿ x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

%=!!= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;Dkflbt sfo{x¿ / <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ljleGg ljifodf cflwsfl/s wf/0ffnfO{ ;~rf/–<br />

dfWoddfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljifoj:t', To;sf] ;fGble{stf, ufDeLo{ Pjd\<br />

cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df o; PsfOaf6 tof/ k]|; lj1lKt÷k|]; gf]6 <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 hf/L<br />

x'g'sf ;fy} kqsf/ ;Dd]ng;d]t x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{ of] ;ª\Vof &$ /x]sf] 5,<br />

h;df k|]; lj1lKt $$ / k|]; gf]6 @( /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L hf/L k|]; lj1lKt / k|];<br />

gf]6sf ljifox¿ ljleGg 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg, bf]ifLpk/ sf/afxL, afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

;Ddfg, aGbsf] ljsNk vf]Hg'kg] {nufot 5g\ . To;}u/L a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf] cj:yf<br />

;fj{hlgs, cfGbf]ngnfO{ dof{lbt / zflGtk"0f{ agfpg'kg]{, ;fdflhs å]if km}nfpg]<br />

cleJolQm gl<strong>bg</strong> cfu|x, b08xLgtf cGTo, gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;ª\s6;DaGwdf<br />

(66) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


Wofgfsif{0fnufotsf ljifo /x]sf 5g\ . k]|; lj1lKt÷k|]; gf]6 / kqsf/ ;Dd]ng;DaGwL<br />

ljj/0f cg';"rL * df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

%=!@= ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kx'Fr ljsf; ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL 5'6\6} PsfOsf] Joj:yf<br />

ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;df ;xhtf / ;/ntf cfPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ut cfly{s jif{af6} System df k"0f{tM kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 . Virtualization (VMWare)<br />

System Installed u/L Data/Files Centralized ul/Psf] 5 . IT Equipment, 8f6f<br />

Aofscksf] nflu NAS 16TB HardDisk, Nofk6k sDKo"6/;lxt g]6jls{ª lk|G6/ klg<br />

vl/b ul/Psf] 5 . sfof{nodf /x]sf hlt klg a|fG8]8 sDKo'6/ ;~rfngsf] nflu ljleGg<br />

;ˆ6j]o/x¿ k|of]udf NofOPsf] 5 . oL;lxt Operating System, MS-Office, Email<br />

Server (Mailer Daemon), Antivirus nufot cGo ;ˆ6j]o/x¿ klg nfO;]G; o'Qm vl/b<br />

ul/Psf] 5 . of] cfly{s jif{df Network Security (Firewall), Mail Server, Website,<br />

Antivirus, Internet cflbsf] ;]jf gjLs/0f tyf vl/b u/L ;"rgf k|ljlwdf clwsQd<br />

k|of]u ug]{ u/L ;]jf la:tf/ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] j]j;fO6 www.nhrcnepal.org df klg gofF ;fdu|Lx¿ -<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, k|]; lj1lKt,<br />

a'n]l6g, P]g lgod, of]hgf, gLlt, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ultljlw cflb_ Update/Upload ;DaGwL<br />

sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] Website nfO{ gofF Design/Layout ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/<br />

rln/x]sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ultljlwx¿sf] a9L eGbf a9L ;d'bfodf kx'Fr k'¥ofpgsf]<br />

nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] gfddf ;~rfng ul/Psf ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿ (Facebook, Twitter<br />

and Youtube) df klg t:aL/;lxt <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, k|]; lj1lKt, lel8of], ultljlwx¿ cflb<br />

Update/Upload u/L ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf kg]{ ph"/Lx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ p2]Zon] lb Pl;of kmfp08]zg (TAF) sf]<br />

;xof]udf ph"/Lx¿nfO{ System df xfNg agfOPsf] CMRS (Complaint Management<br />

& Report System) <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] csf]{ ;ˆ6j]o/ xf] . o;df lg0f{o eO;s]sf ph"/Lx¿<br />

/fVgsf] nflu klg Archive Software ;~rfng u/L sfo{ rln/x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{sf]<br />

nflu sf7df8f}F;lxt <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;a} If]qLo tyf pk–If]qLo sfof{nox¿df ;f] CMRS<br />

Software rnfpgsf] IT Equipment Install u/L tYofª\s ;dfj]z;DaGwL sfo{ klg<br />

cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> tLgj6f If]qLo -wgu9L, g]kfnu~h / kf]v/f_ /<br />

vf]6fª pkIf]qLo sfof{nodf ePsf ph"/Lx¿sf] File Scan u/L CMRS df tYofª\s<br />

/fVg] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (67)


<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> sd{rf/Lx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf /fVg] p2]Zon] agfOPsf] PIS (Personnel Information<br />

System) Software web base klg rfn' cj:yfdf 5 . o;sf ;fy} sd{rf/Lx¿sf] E-<br />

Attendence /fvL ;~rfngdf cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; PIS So!ware af6 o; cfly{s jif{af6<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf] labfsf] /]s8{ cj:yf x]g]{ Joj:yf<br />

ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} cfly{s k|zf;g zfvfnfO{ klg Jojl:yt ug]{ egL agfOPsf]<br />

n]vf;DaGwL Acct 2000 Software klg ;~rfngdf 5 . o;af6 ljleGg bft[ lgsfoaf6<br />

k|fKt ePsf] ;xof]u /sdsf] n]vfhf]vf x'g] ub{5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] o; PsfOdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t;lxt b'O{ hgf sd{rf/L /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

xfn <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL kbdf vfnL hgzlQm kl/k"lt{;DaGwL sfo{ clGtd<br />

r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf clen]v ;xfosdf o; cfly{s jif{df b'O{ hgf<br />

;kmn pDd]bjf/sf] lgo'lQm ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

%=!#= <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>;DaGwL sfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, hg{nnufotsf ;fdu|Lx¿ k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf] 5, h;df s]Gb|Lo<br />

sfof{no, If]qLo÷pkIf]qLo sfof{nodfkm{t\ ;Dkflbt ultljlwx¿ ;dfj]z ul/G5 . o;<br />

cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>, k'l:tsf / a'n]l6g u/L !@ ;fdu|Lx¿ k|sfzg u/L ljt/0f<br />

ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf k|sfzgx¿<br />

!<br />

The NHRI Nepal Joint Submission for the Second<br />

Universal Periodic Review of Nepal<br />

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@ <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&!÷)&@ dª\l;/, @)&@<br />

#<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffcl3 / kl5 ePsf cfGbf]ngsf]<br />

qmddf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

dª\l;/,@)&@<br />

$<br />

Human Rights Situation During the Movement<br />

Before and After Declaration of Constitution of<br />

Nepal<br />

(68) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

dª\l;/, @)&@<br />

% Trafficking in Persons National Report 2013–15 dª\l;/, @)&@<br />

^ :j= bof/fd kl/of/ :dfl/sf r}t, @)&<br />

& e"sDk / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ j}zfv, @)&#<br />

* <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxTTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ j}zfv, @)&#


( <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL hfGg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ c;f/, @)&#<br />

!)<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> s]xL l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog / kLl8tsf] cj:<br />

yf cWoog <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

c;f/, @)&#<br />

!! <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg;DaGwL <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@—@)&# c;f/, @)&#<br />

!@= ;Djfxs -rf}dfl;s_ hg{n<br />

rf}dfl;s<br />

o;}u/L <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{non] PkmPd /]l8of]dfkm{t ;r]tgfd"ns<br />

sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\, h;df wgu9L ^, kf]v/f % / vf]6fª $ /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

%=!$= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ >f]t s]Gb|;DaGwL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{nodf :yflkt ;|f]t s]Gb|x¿nfO{ yk<br />

Jojl:yt agfpg] sfo{x¿ lg/Gt/ x' Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;|f]t s]Gb|df b}lgs, ;fKtlxs<br />

kqklqsf, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL k':ts, hg{n cflbsf] Joj:yf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo<br />

sfof{nodf sfof{no ;doleq kqklqsf, k':ts, hg{nnufot OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf pkof]u<br />

ug{ rfxg]x¿sf nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{nol:yt ;|f]t<br />

s]Gb|af6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljifodf cWoog÷cg';Gwfg ug{ ;Sg] jftj/0f ldnfOPsf]<br />

5 . ;|f]t s]Gb|af6 <strong>cfof</strong>]un] k|sfzg / pTkf<strong>bg</strong> u/]sf ;fdu|Lx¿ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f x'Fb}<br />

cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ;|f]t s]Gb|df !%# v/Lb / JolQm /<br />

;ª\3;+:yfx¿dfkm{t\ pkxf/ :j¿k %$ yfg k':tsx¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . o;}u/L If]qLo<br />

/ pkIf]qLo sfof{nox¿df k':tsx¿ ylkPsf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] s]Gb|Lo<br />

sfof{noaf6 !$ ;o %( hgfnfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> k|sfzgx¿ ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L<br />

If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{noaf6 ;d]t k':ts v/Lb Pjd\ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> k|sfzg ljt/0f x'Fb}<br />

cfPsf 5g\ .<br />

%=!%= clen]v;DaGwL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g / b'?T;fxg;DaGwL ph" "/L;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|Lx¿sf]<br />

clen]vLs/0f ;'/lIft / Jojl:yt ¿kdf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . kmfOnx¿sf] ;'/Iffy{<br />

cfuf]af6 ;'/lIft (Fire Proof) Sofljgdf Jojl:yt ¿kdf /flVfPsf] 5 . clen]vfnodf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ljleGg ldltdf tfd]nL, vf/]hL, 6'ª\ofpg] / ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ egL<br />

lg0f{o ul/Psf ;Ssn ph"/L kmfOnx¿sf] ef}lts Pjd\ ljB'tLo k|0ffnLaf6 Joj:yfkg<br />

ul/Psf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 lg0f{o ePsf kmfOnx¿nfO{ ljB'tLo k|0ffnLcGtu{t Complaints<br />

Management and Reporting System (CMRS) df ;d]t tYofª\s /fvL ;f]xLcg';f/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (69)


ljB'tLo skL (Scan) u/L <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] lg0f{o ldltcg';f/÷j0ff{g'qmdcg';f/ ldnfO{<br />

/flvPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf btf{ ePsf ph"/L kmfOnx¿sf] sf/afxL, sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf / lg0f{ox¿sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 tTsfn k|fKt ug{‘sf ;fy}<br />

ljB'tLo skLdfkm{t cWoog ug{;d]t ;lsG5 . o;sf ;fy} kLl8tsf] gfd, cf/f]lkt<br />

kL8ssf] gfd, kLl8tsf] lhNnf, CMRS No., Cro No., 36gf ldlt, <strong>cfof</strong>]udf btf{<br />

ldlt, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNn+3gsf] ljifo, clen]vfno gDa/, <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o<br />

ldlt / lg0f{osf] k|sf/af6 ljifout <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{nox¿df btf{ ePsf ph"/Lx¿DfWo] xfn;Dd<br />

^( ;o %^ j6f ph"/L;Fu ;DalGwt kmfOnx¿ ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdf /flvPsf] 5 .<br />

o;dWo] o; cfly{s jif{df (# j6f gofF kmfOnx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

Complaints Management and Reporting System (CMRS) df /flvPsf ph" "/Lx¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] OG6/g]6 / ;e{/sf] dfWodaf6 h'g;'s} :yfgaf6 klg<br />

x]g{, ;fdu|Lx¿ Upload / Update ug{‘sf ;fy} r':tb'?:t /fVGf ;lsg]5 .<br />

(70) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


kl/R5]b—^<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿aLrsf] ;DaGw<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} b]zdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f tyf ;+jw{gsf] nflu /<strong>fli6«o</strong>,<br />

If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o lgsfo÷;ª\3;+:yfx¿;Fu ;DaGw / ;dGjodf sfo{ ;DkGg ub}{<br />

cfPsf] 5 . o; cf=j=df ;d]t <strong>cfof</strong>]un] tL lgsfo;Fu ;xsfo{ Pjd\ ;xeflutfdf sfd<br />

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

^=!= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / /fi6«klt sfof{no<br />

;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgcg';f/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] x/]s jif{ cfkm\gf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;DdfggLo<br />

/fi6«klt;dIf k|:t't ub{5 . o; qmddf klg /fi6«klt;dIf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yfaf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf ;fy} /fi6«kltdfkm{t ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f<br />

u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfly{s jif{df ;Dkflbt ultljlwx¿sf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s<br />

ljj/0f;lxtsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k]z ub{5 . o; qmddf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ut cfly{s jif{sf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

;DdfggLo /fi6«klt;dIf k]z ub} { <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo cWoIfn] <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ;Dkflbt<br />

sfo{x¿, ef]Ug'k/]sf r'gf}tL / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljljw kIfx¿dfly k|sfz kfg'{ePsf]<br />

lyof] .<br />

^=@= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / Joj:yflksf–;+;b\<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"g th'{df ug{df Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf<br />

/xG5 . t;y{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf] ljifout ;ldlt / ;ef;b\x¿;Fu <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifodf cfjZostf / ljifosf] ufDeLo{sf] cfwf/df cfjZostfcg';f/<br />

cGtlq{mof, uf]i7L, 5nkmn ub} { cfPsf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿df ljz]if ¿kn] 5nkmn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u / ;fdflhs Gofo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ tyf ;ldltaLr <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifoj:t'<br />

/ 36gfdf lgoldt cGtlq{mof / 5nkmn x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . @)&@ ebf} !@ df 6Lsfk'/<br />

36gfsf] ;DaGwdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ tyf ;fdflhs Gofo ;ldltsf dfggLo ;b:ox¿;Fu<br />

lj:t[t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L @)&@ dª\l;/ ^ df gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f b]zdf<br />

pTkGg <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;ª\s6sf ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf–;+;b\ ;fdflhs Gofo tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;ldlt / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/LaLr 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (71)


^=#= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / g]kfn ;/sf/<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f, k|j4{g / kl/kfngf ug]{ bfloTj /fHosf] xf] .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf ;/sf/sf] ;a}eGbf dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngb]lv ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gnufotsf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{<br />

cfjZos kg]{ kof{Kt ah]6, sfo{sIfnufot cfwf/e"t ;'ljwfx¿ pknJw u/fpg'<br />

/fHosf] bfloTj xf] . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf nflu ;/sf/sf] cx+ e"ldsf<br />

x'G5 . /fHosf lgsfox¿aLr <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifo / <strong>cfof</strong>]u;Fu ;DalGwt cfly{s<br />

/ k|zf;lgsnufotsf ljljw ljifodfly <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ljrf/ ljdz{, k/fdz{ / 5nkmn ub}{<br />

cfPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjogb]lv cfly{s Jooef/ laxf]g'{kg]{ ePsf]n] klg<br />

;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf g} sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cfjZostf / ljifoj:t'sf] ufDeLo{ x]/L<br />

;do;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqL, pRrkb:y clws[tx¿nfO{ cfdGq0f u/L d'n'ssf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug]{ tyf cfjZos lgb]{zg l<strong>bg</strong>] u/]sf] 5 .<br />

;fdfGotofM <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>jflif</strong>{sf]T;j sfo{qmd / cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; -!)<br />

l8;]Da/_ sf] cj;/ kf/L ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLnfO{ cfdGq0f u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf ;fy} ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;d]t :ki6 wf/0ff<br />

cfpg] u/]sf] 5 .<br />

ljz]if u/L <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;/sf/af6 ;Dkflbt sfo{qmdx¿ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL 5g\–5}gg\ <<br />

;+:yfut / sfof{Tds ¿kdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf d'2fnfO{ hf]8\g ;lsPsf] 5–5}g < /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfg"gx¿ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf d"NodfGotf;Fu tfnd]n vfG5g\, vfFb}gg\ < nufotsf<br />

ljifodf Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg'sf ;fy} cfjZostf / ljifosf] k|fyldstfcg';f/ ;dGjo<br />

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

o;} ;Gbe{df k|wfgdGqL / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/aLr @)&@ ebf} !^ / @)&@ df3 !@<br />

df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . @)&@ k'; !#<br />

df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf, zflGt ;'/Iffnufotsf ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L<br />

/ u[xdGqLaLr 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L @)&@ c;f]h !@ df <strong>cfof</strong>]uåf/f<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/nufot ;d;fdlos cj:yfsf] af/]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;lrjx¿;Fu<br />

5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . If]qLo / pkIf]qLo sfof{nodfkm{t klg o; lsl;dsf sfo{x¿<br />

ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dxTTjk"0f{ sfo{qmdx¿df ;/sf/ k|d'v, dGqLx¿nfO{<br />

k|d'v cltly÷cltlysf] ¿kdf cfdGq0f u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf hNbfaNbf d'2fx¿dfly<br />

Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . d"ntM lx/f;t / sf/fuf/sf ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf<br />

cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf ;'emfjx¿ hfgsf/L / sfof{Gjog u/fpg;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/sf<br />

lgsfo;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]u / g]kfn ;/sf/aLr o' 'lkcf/ ;DaGwL<br />

(72) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;DaGwdf s]xL km/s b[li6sf]0f b]lvPtf klg To;af6 ;du|df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

;+/If0fsf] nflu yk an k'u]sf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 .<br />

^=$= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / ;+j}wflgs lgsfo<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u / ljleGg ;+j}wflgs lgsfoaLr cfjZos ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .<br />

o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ljz]iftM ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ¿kdf /x]sf] nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]u;Fu<br />

;dGjo / ;xsfo{df sfd u/sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ljleGg txdf l/Qm b/aGbL kbk"lt{sf]<br />

nflu lnlvt k/LIff nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]<br />

clGtd km};nfkl5 nfdf] ;dob]lv :ylut /x]sf] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] l/Qm b/aGbL<br />

kl/k"lt{sf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]u / nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaLr ljleGg r/0fdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] kbk"lt{sf] nflu lnlvt k/LIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{<br />

lbPsf] lyof] . nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] lnlvt k/LIff lnO{ kl/0ffd;]t <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{<br />

pknAw u/fO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] clGtd gfdfjnL k|sflzt u/L sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sfo{If]qdf<br />

v6fO;s]sf] 5 eg] afFsL kbx¿df ;d]t nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k/LIff ;~rfng<br />

k|lqmofdf /x]sf] 5 . nf]s;]jf <strong>cfof</strong>]u;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf ePsf<br />

kbk"lt{;DaGwL sfo{af6 <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg / :yfloTjsf] nflu nfdf]<br />

;do;Dd /lx/x]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;sf/fTds of]ubfg k'Ug uPsf] 5 . To;}u/L<br />

;+j}wflgs x}l;ot k|fKt /<strong>fli6«o</strong> dlxnf <strong>cfof</strong>]u, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> blnt <strong>cfof</strong>]u;Fu klg<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cg'udg / ;+/If0fsf sfo{df ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ e}/x]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] clVtof/ b'?kof]u lgjf/0f <strong>cfof</strong>]u, dxfn]vf kl/Ifs, lgjf{rg <strong>cfof</strong>]u /<br />

dxfGoflwjStfsf] sfof{no;Fu klg ;dGjodf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .<br />

^=%= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / /fhgLlts bn<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;+ljwfg / P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fhg}lts bnx¿;Fu klg <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf] nflu ;xsfo / ;dGjodf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

d'2fx¿df 5nkmn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljz]ift t/fO{ nufotsf If]qdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\ x'g gl<strong>bg</strong> ;Dj4 bnx¿nfO{ cfu|x ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngdf<br />

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|of]u gug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] bnx¿sf] Wofg cfsif{0f u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .<br />

^=^= gful/s ;dfh÷u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf÷k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\u7gx¿<br />

Gfful/s ;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;Dj4{gsf nflu gful/s ;dfh,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt ;ª\3;+:yfx¿, u};; Pjd\ k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\u7gx¿;Fu<br />

ljutb]lvsf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;xsfo{nfO{ yk Jojl:yt<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (73)


k|efjsf/L agfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;xsfo{;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L k|of]udf NofO;s]sf]<br />

5 . uDeL/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf d'2fx¿df cfjZostfcg';f/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn,<br />

cGtlqm{of, ;xsfo{df cg'udg, cg';Gwfg / k|j4{gfTds sfo{x¿ ub} { cfPsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uåf/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht sfo{qmdx¿df cfdGq0f u/L cfjZos ;'emfjx¿ lng'sf ;fy}<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 klg gful/s ;dfh, u};; Pjd\ k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\u7gx¿åf/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht<br />

sfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL eO{ cfkm\gf wf/0ffx¿ JoQm ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{ klg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿df ;xsfo{ u/]sf] lyof] .<br />

o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] s]Gb|Lo / If]qLo sfof{noaf6 ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf @^ j6f<br />

cg'udg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|j4{g;DaGwL !% j6f sfo{qmd ;DkGg<br />

ePsf 5g\ . cGo ;ª\3;+:yfaf6 <strong>cfof</strong>]lht <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL %$ sfo{qmddf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] tkm{af6 ;|f]t JolQmsf] ¿kdf ;xefuL eO{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf ljz]if1<br />

;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L &! j6f sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly÷cltlysf] ¿kdf<br />

pkl:yt eO{ cfkm\gf] wf/0ff k|s6 u/]sf] 5 eg] @^! j6f sfo{qmdx¿df ;xeflutf<br />

hgfPsf] lyof] .<br />

^=&= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\u7gx¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\gf] sfo{;Dkf<strong>bg</strong>sf] l;nl;nfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;ª\u7gx¿;Fu klg<br />

;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 Pl;of k|zfGt d~r;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]lht ;~rf/;DaGwL tfnLd sfo{qmd @^—@* clk|n @)!^, df sf7df8f}Fdf ;DkGg<br />

ePsf] lyof] . o:t} <strong>cfof</strong>]udf !@ h'nfO{ @)!^ df cfPsf] South Asians for Human<br />

Rights (SAHR) sf] k|ltlglwd08naLr e]63f6 Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ;d;fdlos<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . Pl;of Kofl;lkms kmf]/daf6 Ifdtf ljsf; ;DaGwdf<br />

cfjZos ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] /0fgLlts of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu<br />

o'Pg8LkL, 8]lg; / :jL; ;/sf/af6 ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; cf=j=df /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u Ifdtf ;anLs/0f kl/of]hgf ;dfKt eO{ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u /0fgLlts of]hgf ;xof]u kl/of]hgf nfu" ePsf] 5 .<br />

^=*= <strong>cfof</strong>]u / ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Goflos ;+oGq<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :yfkgf b]zdf rln/x]sf] cfGtl/s ;z:q åGå r/d<br />

pTsif{df k'u]sf] a]nf ePsf] xf] . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} ;z:q åGå;Fu ;DalGwt<br />

ph"/Ldf d"ntM a]kQf, xTof, ckx/0f, oftgf, lj:yflktsf ljifox¿ k|fyldstfdf<br />

lyP . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;Lldt sfof{nox¿af6 b]zdf ePsf ;a} 36gfdf cg';Gwfg x'g<br />

(74) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


;s]sf] lyPg . s]xL k|ltlglwd"ns uDeL/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfdf<br />

:jljj]sLo ph"/L u|x0f u/]sf] eP tfklg <strong>clwsf</strong>+z kLl8tsf ph"/Lcg';f/ g} cg';Gwfg<br />

ePsf lyP . ;z:q åGåsf] cGTokl5 ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfn] g]kfndf @ j6f<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf x'g] Joj:yf u¥of] . ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u / a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] 5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :yfkgfkl5 /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u / tL ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg ;+oGqaLr cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg ePsf 5g\ . b'j}<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ;+o'Qm <strong>cfof</strong>]hgfdf a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] 5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L /<br />

sd{rf/LaLr a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] 5fgljg cg';Gwfgdf rfNg'kg]{ sbd, cg';Gwfg,<br />

cg'udg;DaGwdf cGtlq{mof;d]t ePsf 5g\ . To:t} tL <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf cg';Gwfg<br />

l;kmfl/zsf ;DaGwdf o; <strong>cfof</strong>]udf /x]sf ljrf/0fLo kmfOn, kq cflbsf k|ltlnlkx¿<br />

kLl8tsf] cg'/f]wdf pknAw u/fO{ cg';Gwfgdf ;xsfo{ x'b} cfPsf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (75)


kl/R5]b—&<br />

pknlAw, r'gf}tL, ;dfwfgsf ;Defljt pkfo / efjL sbdx¿<br />

&=!= pknlAw<br />

o; cjlwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gfTds sfo{x¿af6<br />

ljleGg pknlJw xfl;n ePsf 5g\ . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] æ;a}sf] nflu 3/–3/df <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ M zflGt / ljsf;sf] cfwf/Æ eGg] ;"qnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfo{ u/]sf] 5 .<br />

ph""/L, cg'udg / cg';Gwfg<br />

o; cjlwnfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]udf hDdf @!( ph"/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljljw<br />

ljifodf @$@ k6s cg'udg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k'/fgf / gofF u/L @)* ph" "/Ldfly<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cg';Gwfg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .<br />

ph"/L lg?k0f<br />

cg'udg / cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt tYonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL !*! j6f ph" "/Lsf] lg?k0f ePsf]<br />

5 . h;df l;kmfl/z @^, 6'ª\Uofpg] $^, vf/]hL !)$ / tfd]nL /fVg] egL % j6f<br />

ph"/Ldfly lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 l;kmfl/z ul/Psf ljifodf @# j6f ph""/Ldf<br />

Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg] pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L l;kmfl/zdf lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo pkrf/,<br />

pkrf/sf] /sd zf]wegf{, sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s cToflws an k|of]u gug{ / bf]ifL<br />

pk/ sfg"gL sf/afxL ug'{kg]{, lx/f;tdf ul/g] :jf:Yo k/LIf0fdf / kf]i6df6{d<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df ;'wf/ ug]{nufotsf ljifo /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

l;kmfl/z<br />

o; cfjdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] h;df @^ j6f l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 . ljut jif{df <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf]<br />

l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjogdf klg s]xL k|ult ePsf] 5 . anfTsf/kl5 xTof ePsf] 36gfdf<br />

kLl8t ;'GtnL tfdfªsf] xsjfnfnfO{ 5 nfv ?lkofFF Ifltk"lt{ / bf]ifL k|x/L gfoj<br />

pk/LIfs ;l~hj zdf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9fO;lsPsf] egL<br />

k|x/L k|wfg sfof{noaf6 <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . l;Gw'nL sf/fuf/df<br />

dfl/Psf lg/h b]jsf]6fsf kl/jf/nfO{ tLg nfv ?lkofFF, Cl4axfb'/ u'd{5fgsf<br />

kl/jf/nfO{ @% xhf/ ?lkofFF Ifltk"lt{jfkt /sd lgsf;f eO;s]sf] 5 .<br />

(76) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


;Dj4{g;DaGwL<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;Dj4{gtkm{ klg ljleGg pknlJwx¿ xfl;n ePsf 5g\ . o;<br />

cjlwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 @@^ cf]6f ;Dj4{g;DaGwL sfo{x¿ ePsf] b]lvG5, h;df<br />

5nkmn, uf]i7L, sfo{zfnf, tfnLd cflb 5g\ . oLdWo] !% j6f sfo{qmd ;/f]sf/jfnf<br />

;ª\3;+:yfx¿;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf ePsf 5g\ . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu cfa4<br />

;ª\3;+:yfåf/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht sfo{qmddf ;|f]t JolQm÷ljifolj1 / cltlysf] ¿kdf ;xeflutf<br />

hgfpb} cfPsf] 5 . o;af6 <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 5nkmn, sfo{zfnf cflbdf ;xeflutf /xg'n]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ;a} If]qsf] kx'Fr j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf;DaGwL<br />

ljleGg ;fdu|Lx¿ pTkf<strong>bg</strong> / ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/af/] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>] j[Qlrqsf] pTkf<strong>bg</strong>dfkm{t <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgfdf ;xof]u k'Ug uPsf] 5 .<br />

k|sfzg<br />

o; cjlwdf <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>÷hg{n u/L hDdf !@ j6f k|sfzg ePsf 5g\ . h;df <strong>jflif</strong>{s<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>nufot ljifout <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> /x]sf 5g\ . o; cfjaf6 <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\g}<br />

hg{n ;+afxs -rf}dfl;s_ sf] k|sfzg yfngL u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

ljifonfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . o;af6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifoj:t'dfly k|fl1s ¿kdf<br />

ax;–5nkmndf d2t k'Ug hfg] b]lvG5 . @)&@ ;fn j}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgf;sf/L<br />

e"sDkaf6 k|efjltx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu k|efljt rf}w lhNnfx¿df 3'DtL<br />

lzlj/ g} :yfkgf u/L cg'udg u/L e"sDk k|efljtx¿sf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf<br />

nflu ljleGg sfo{ ug'{sf cltl/Qm Pp6f <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] . <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf hfGg}kg]{ s'/f -k'l:ts_ nfO{ k'gM k|sfzg u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

k|]; gf]6÷k|]; lj1lKt<br />

o; cjlwdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ;d;fdlos ljifodf k|]; lj1lKt $$ / k|]; gf]6<br />

@( j6f hf/L ePsf 5g\ . h;df ljleGg 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg, bf]ifLpk/ sf/afxL,<br />

afn<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg, aGbsf] ljsNk vf]Hg'kg]{, a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf] cj:yf<br />

;fj{hlgs, cfGbf]ngnfO{ dof{lbt / zflGtk"0f{ agfpg'kg]{, ;fdflhs å]if km}nfpg]<br />

cleJolQm gl<strong>bg</strong> cfu|x, b08xLgtf cGTo, gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;ª\s6;DaGwdf<br />

Wofgfsif{0f cflb ljifo /x]sf 5g\ .<br />

p4f/;DaGwL<br />

o; cf=j=df <strong>cfof</strong>]u p4f/;DaGwL sfo{df ;+nUg /xØf] . df]/ª / emfkfsf rf/ hgf<br />

dfgl;s la/fdLsf] p4f/ u/L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf<br />

sfof{no, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, PDa'n]G; rfns Pzf]l;P;g cflb ;+u ;dGjo<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (77)


u/L sf]lz; gfds ;+:yfdf k7fPsf] lyof] . xfn pgLx¿sf] pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . tL<br />

lhNnfdf ;DkGg sfo{zfnfaf6 dfgl;s :jf:YonfO{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6<br />

;+/If0f, ;r]tgf / jsfnt ug{ gful/s:t/af6 :jod\;]jL ;d"xsf] u7g eO{ lqmofzLn<br />

ePsf 5g\ .<br />

;xsfo{ / ;dGjo<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

o; cljwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . Joj:yflksf–<br />

;+;b\sf] ;dflhs Gofo tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt, ;ef;b\, ;/sf/L lgsfo÷;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L, <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> k"j{ kbflwsf/L, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{x¿;Fu <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifout<br />

ljifodf s]lGb|t /xL 5nkmn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cfjdf !% j6f sfo{qmd ;/f]sf/jfnf<br />

;ª\3;+:yfx¿;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf ePsf 5g\ .<br />

g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;g, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;ª\3;F<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;xsfo{df e"sDk k|efljtx¿sf nflu <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ 3'DtL lzlj/;DaGwL kl/of]hgf<br />

;dfKt eP klg afFsL sfo{ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . emfkfdf ePsf] k"jf{~rn <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs kl/ifb\;F<strong>usf</strong>] 5nkmnaf6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿sf] ;'/Iff;DaGwdf<br />

;xsfo{ ePsf] 5 .<br />

cGt/f{li6«o<br />

cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3cGtu{tsf lgsfo, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿sf]<br />

5ftf ;ª\u7g cGt/f{li6«o ;dGjo ;ldlt (International Coordination Committee<br />

of NHRIs) / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿sf] Pl;of k|zfGt d~r (Asia Pacific Forum-<br />

APF) nufot bft[ lgsfox¿;Fu Jofj;flos ¿kdf cfkm\gf] sfo{;Dkf<strong>bg</strong> ul//x]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo cWoIf, ;b:o / sd{rf/L txaf6 ;do–;dodf 5nkmn, cg'ej<br />

cfbfgk|bfg, tfnLd cflbsf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o e|d0f x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . oL / o:tf<br />

sfo{af6 cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw la:tf/ x'g'sf ;fy} /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ¿kdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;F:s[ltsf] ljsf;, ;r]tgf, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug uPsf] 5 . t/fO{–<br />

dw];df ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ef/tLo kIfaf6 ;Ldfdf pTkGg ul/Psf]<br />

cj/f]waf6 g]kfnLsf] b}lgs hghLjg k|efljt x'g ePsf], cf}ifwL, OGwg nufotsf<br />

cTofjZos j:t' 9'jfgL x'g g;Sbf hghLjg cToGt sl7g x'g k'u]sf] af/]df<br />

cGt/f{i6«o If]qdf Wofgsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u / stf/sf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldltaLr j}b]lzs sfdbf/x¿sf] ljifodf ePsf] ;dembf/LkqnfO{<br />

dxTTjk"0f{ pknAwLsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .<br />

(78) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


hgzlQm Jo:yfkg<br />

o; cfjdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] nfdf] ;dob]lv yfFtL /x]sf <strong>dfgj</strong> ;+;fwg Joj:yfkgdf<br />

ljz]if pknAwL xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]u :yfkgfkl5 Ps k6sdfq b/<br />

aGbLadf]lhd Go"g :yfoL sd{rf/L /x]sf]df o; jif{ l/Qm /x]sfdWo] pNn]Vo ;ª\Vofdf<br />

hgzlQm kl/k"lt{ x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o; k6s clws[t / gfoj ;'Aafnufotsf kbdf *)<br />

hgf sd{rf/Lsf] kbk"lt{ ePsf] 5 .<br />

&=@= r'gf}tL<br />

b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf<br />

nfdf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg cj:yf, /fhgLlts cl:y/tf / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf bf]ifL<br />

Pjd\ ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts ;+/If0fsf sf/0f d'n'sdf b08xLgtfsf]<br />

cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 bf]ifL ls6fgL ul/Psf tyf<br />

cbfntaf6 ;hfosf] km};nf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;d]t k|efjsf/L sfg"gL sf/afxL<br />

gx'Fbf b08xLgtfn] k|>o kfPsf] 5 . <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|flKtsf gfddf x'g] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng<br />

sltko cj:yfdf lx+;fTds x'g k'Ubf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿af6 <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> sd{rf/Lx¿dfly<br />

s'6lk6 x'g' / ;jf/L ;fwg hnfOg'h:tf sfo{n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0fdf gs/fTds<br />

c;/ k/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ Pjd\ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿sf] k6s–k6ssf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>4tfsf]<br />

afah'b /fhgLlts OR5fzlQmsf] cefjdf b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf sfod} /x]sf]n] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f sfo{df ljleGg r'gf}tL b]vfk/]sf 5g\ .<br />

;ª\sd0fsfnLg kl/j]z<br />

bz jif]{ ;z:q åGå / zflGt k|lqmof Pjd\ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofsf] ;Gbe{df nfdf]<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfnaf6 d'n'sdf sfg"gL zf;g / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f sfo{df gsf/fTds<br />

k|efj k/]sf] b]lvG5 . vf;u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\sf 36gfx¿sf] k'g/fj[lQ x'g] /<br />

/fHosf ;+oGq sdhf]/ eO/xFbf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf bf]ifLx¿n] pGd'lQm kfpg]<br />

cj:yfn] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fdf gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjog gx'g'<br />

o; jif{ klg <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g, xgg\ Pjd\ Hofblt ePsf] egL k/]sf ph"/L pk/<br />

cg';Gwfg u/L Ifltk"lt{ Pjd\ sfg"gL sf/afxLsf nflu ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿ sfof{Gjog<br />

ePsf 5}gg\ . sfof{Gjog ePsf l;kmfl/zx¿ Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg] ljifo;Fu dfq<br />

;DalGwt 5g\ . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g Pjd\ Hofbltsf 36gfdf ;+nUgx¿dfly<br />

sfg"gL sf/afxL, 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg u/L sfg"gL sf/afxL ug"{ egL ul/Psf<br />

l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf cToGt sdhf]/ 5 . o;af6 kLl8t JolQmx¿n] Gofo<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (79)


x/fPsf] cg'e"lt ug{ k'u]sf 5g\ eg] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> sfdsf/afxLk|lt klg s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf<br />

gsf/fTds c;/ k'Ug uPsf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>dfly 5nkmn gx'g'<br />

;+ljwfgtM <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> /fi6«klt;dIf k]z ug'{kb{5 .<br />

/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLdfkm{t ;f] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> Joj:yflksf–;+;b\ ;dIf k]z ug]{ ;+j}wflgs<br />

Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf] ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf–;+;b\<br />

df 5nkmn gePsf] x'Fbf l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t k|efj kl//x]sf] 5 .<br />

ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cefj<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} plrt / k|of{Kt ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cefjdf sfo{ ub}{<br />

cfPsf] 5 . ut @)&@ j}zfvdf cfPsf] e"sDkaf6 s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ejg Ifltu|:t<br />

eO{ sfddf cj/f]w k'u]sf] lyof] . xfn k'/fgf] ejgsf] cufl8 vfnL /x]sf] ;Lldt hUufdf<br />

c:yfoL k|s[ltsf lk|km\ofj lgdf{0f u/L sfo{ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . hgzlQmsf]<br />

t'ngfdf plrt k"jf{wf/ tof/ gx'Fbf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] sfdsf/afxLdf afwf k'Ug uPsf]<br />

cj:yf 5 .<br />

sd{rf/L j[lQ ljsf;sf] cefj<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 eP klg ljifout ¿kdf j[lQ<br />

ljsf;tkm{ Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 . ljifout cWoog, cg';Gwfg / tflnndf<br />

yk hf]8 l<strong>bg</strong>'kg]{ ;fy} sfof{no ;doeGbf a9L sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ k|f]xT;fg eQf<br />

pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgadf]lhd <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] Pg ;+zf]wg, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;]jf;DaGwL P]g, cfly{s lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL ;+:s[lt ljsf;df ;':t ult<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;lagf ;Do ;dfhsf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;lsFb}g .<br />

;dfhsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ x]bf{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf w]/} sfo{x¿ eP klg <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ;Gtf]ifhgs jf b'|t ultdf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . h;af6 k|To]s<br />

JolQm, ;+:yf, ju{, ;d'bfodf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cg'e"lt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .<br />

åGåsfnLg ;d:ofsf] cem} ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg'<br />

ljutsf] ;z:q åGåsf] kL8faf6 clxn] klg ;dfh d'Qm x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . åGåaf6<br />

l;lh{t 3fpx¿ ch} la;]s x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;]gf ;dfof]hgh:tf sfo{ ;DkGg eP<br />

klg Wj:t ef}lts ;+/rgf k'gM lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . nfdf] ;do lalt;Sbf<br />

klg åGå kLl8tx¿n] Gofosf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg GofonfO{<br />

;Daf]wg ug{ JolQm a]kQf 5fglag / ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]un] lgwf{l/t<br />

(80) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


;dofjlw ;dfKt x'g nfUbf;Dd klg sfg"gsf] / ;|f]t;fwgsf] cefjdf cefjdf cfkm\gf]<br />

sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .<br />

?9LjfbL dfgl;stf x6fpg g;Sg'<br />

clxn] klg ;dfhdf ?9Lu|:t dfgl;stf h8 ag]/ a;]sf] 5 . af]S;L, 5fpk8L k|yf,<br />

bx]hh:tf s'k|yf ljBdfg 5g\ . af]S;L / af]S;fsf] cf/f]kdf clxn] klg sltko dlxnf<br />

/ k'?if c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo Jojxf/sf] lzsf/ aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . lbzf v'jfpg], skfn d'8\g]<br />

/ Hofg lng];Ddsf sfo{x¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ . bx]h gNofPsf] jf sd NofPsf] h:tf<br />

axfgfdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ lhpb} hnfOg] ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . 5fpk8L k|yfsf] sf/0f sltko<br />

dlxnfn] Hofg;d]t u'dfpg'k/]sf] 5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿sf] vr{ ckf/bzL{ x'g'<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] If]qdf sfo{/t /<strong>fli6«o</strong> / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿sf]<br />

vr{ kf/bzL{ x'g jf agfpg g;Sbf hgdfg;df gs/fTds ;Gb]x k|jfx x'g k'u]sf] 5 .<br />

o;af6 P]g, lgodsf] kl/lwleq /xL sfo{/t ;+ª\3;+:yfx¿ klg k|efljt aGg k'u]sf<br />

5g\ .<br />

;dGjosf] cefjdf jflG5t k|ltkmn k|fKt gx'g'<br />

;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/;/sf/L lgsfoaLr sfddf ;dGjo x'g g;Sbf cGof}n l;h{gf x'g'<br />

:jfefljs 5 . o;af6 sfd gx'g], bf]xf]l/g], sfd kG5fpg] dgf]j[lt ljsf; x'g k'<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

5 .<br />

&=#= r'gf}tL ;dfwfgsf ;Defljt pkfox¿<br />

pk/f]Qm r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;+af]wg ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] lgDgfg';f/ ;'emfjx¿ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 M<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

-s_ ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;do–;Ldfleq} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL x'g] u/L cfjZos<br />

sfg"g lgdf{0fsf] nflu jftfj/0f tof/ ug{,<br />

-v_ ljleGg ju{, ;d'bfo / If]qaf6 p7]sf Gofof]lrt cfjfhnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{,<br />

-u_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pNnª\3g, xgg\ tyf Hofblt / <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo sfg"gsf] pNnª\<br />

3g;DaGwL ph"/Ldfly <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ;DkGg cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt<br />

tYo÷k|df0fsf] cfwf/df <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{,<br />

-3_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo sfg"g pNnª\3gsf bf]ifLx¿nfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg<br />

Pjd\ kLl8tnfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug{,<br />

-ª_ sfg"gL zf;g / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug{,<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (81)


-r_ u}/sfg"gL sfo{df ;+nUg jf cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7xl/Psf ;a}nfO{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf<br />

Nofpg,<br />

-5_ zflGt, ;'/Iff, cdgrog / ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{,<br />

-h_ /fHoåf/f a]kQf agfOPsf JolQmx¿sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gL<br />

sf/afxL ug{ / kLl8t kIfnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg,<br />

-em_ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> Joj:yflksf–;+;b\df k]z u/L 5nkmn ug]{ jftfj/0f<br />

lgdf{0f ug{,<br />

-`_ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ cfly{s tyf ejgnufot ef}lts ;|f]t ;fwg pknAw u/fpg,<br />

-6_ /fhgLlts x:tIf]k gu/L sfg"gtM ck/fw cg';Gwfg sfo{df cfjZos ;xof]u<br />

k'¥ofpg,<br />

-7_ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ cfly{s ¿kdf :jfoQtf k|bfg ug{,<br />

-8_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{–u/fpg /<br />

-9_ a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQm 5fglag / ;Tolg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ cfjZos<br />

kg]{ sfg"g lgdf{0fsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{<br />

/fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{<br />

-s_ b08xLgtfnfO{ k|>o gl<strong>bg</strong> / sfg"gL zf;gsf] ;Ddfg ug{,<br />

-v_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f Pjd\ o; qmddf ljleGg ;d'bfosf dfux¿sf]<br />

oyf]lrt ;+af]wgsf] nflu clwstd kxn ug{,<br />

-u_ zflGt;'/Iff sfod ug{sf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ ljz]if ;xof]u ug{,<br />

-3_ cfkm\gf lj/f]wsf sfo{qmd zflGtk"0f{ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf d"No–dfGotfleq /xL<br />

;~rfng ug{,<br />

-ª_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf d'2fdf ;femf cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f u/L cufl8 a9\g /<br />

-r_ cfˆgf ljleGg eft[ ;ª\u7gx¿df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lzIff÷tflnd lbO{ r]tgf<br />

clej[l4df hf]8 l<strong>bg</strong> .<br />

&=$= efjL sbdx¿<br />

;+ljwfg / P]gåf/f tf]lsPsf sfd, st{Jo / <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfufdL l<strong>bg</strong>df<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g, kl/kfngf / ;F:s[lt ljsf;sf] lgldQ yk k|efjsf/L<br />

sbd rfNg]5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]uåf/f th'{df ul/Psf] /0fgLlts of]hgf -@)!%—@)@)_ sf] cfwf/df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] lgwf{/0f u/]sf /0fgLlts nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu cufl8 a9\g]5 . o;sf<br />

(82) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


nflu ;/sf/, ;+j}wflgs cª\ux¿, /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu<br />

;DalGwt /<strong>fli6«o</strong>, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;+:yf÷bft[ lgsfo cflb;Fu ;dGjo /<br />

;xsfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg]5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] P]gdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/ k|fjwfg,<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/zx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljz]if sfo{of]hgfsf ;fy ;/sf/nfO{<br />

yk bafa l<strong>bg</strong>]5 . kmf}hbf/L cbfnt;DaGwL /f]d ljwfg, a]kQflj?åsf] cGt/f{li6«o<br />

dxf;lGwnufotsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> u/fpg yk k|efjsf/L<br />

e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . o;sf ;fy} g]kfn kIf ePsf ljleGg dxf;lGwcg'¿k /fHonfO{<br />

bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] Pjd\ ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIffdf g]kfnnfO{ k|fKt<br />

l;kmfl/zx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg]tkm{ yk kxn ug]{5 .<br />

;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgcg';f/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] pNnª\3gsf ;DaGwdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfng jf sfof{Gjog gug{ ] kbflwsf/L,<br />

JolQm jf lgsfosf] gfd sfg"gadf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gstf{sf]<br />

¿kdf clen]v /fVg] tkm{ Wofg s]lGb|t ug]{5 .<br />

/0fgLlts of]hgfåf/f lgwf{l/t k|lqmof cjnDag u/L <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfufdL jif{df 3/3/df<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;Gb]z k'¥ofpg] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong>]5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ kLl8tsf]<br />

xfnsf] cj:yfaf/] cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{ yk cufl8 a9fOg] 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;flxTo k|j4{gdfkm{t d'n'sdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;df hf]8 l<strong>bg</strong>]5 . cg';Gwfg<br />

sfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg'sf] ;fy} lhNnf–lhNnfdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

r'gf}tL ljifodf k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L of]hgf to ub} { <strong>cfof</strong>]u cufl8 a9\g] 5 .<br />

;dfo;fk]If /0fgLlts of]hgf kl/dfh{g u/L sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 . o;sf] ;fy}<br />

k|fs[lts ljklQ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/af/] gofF sfo{of]hgf, ;xsfo{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ a9jf /<br />

;+j}wflgs bfloTj lgjf{xdf cem a9L lqmofzLn x'Fb} <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm\gf sfdaf/xafxLnfO{<br />

cfufdL l<strong>bg</strong>x¿df cufl8 a9fpg] 5 . o;sf] nflu <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt<br />

;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo u/L b]zsf ;a} lhNnfdf ;Dks{;"q :yfkgf ug]{, lk5l8Psf tyf<br />

;LdfGts[t ;d'bofsf ph"/L x]g{ cfjZostfg';f/ 5'6\6} 8]:s :yfkgf ug]{ nufot<br />

/0fgLlts of]hgfdf pNn]lvt sfo{qmdcg';f/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u cufl8 a9g] 5 .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] wd{, hft, /ª, j0f{ x'Fb}g, ;a}sf] nflu ;w}Fsf] nflu x'G5 . o;sf] s'g}<br />

;Ldf klg x'Fb}g . hxfF <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf d"No–dfGotf :yflkt x'Fb}g, ToxfF ;dfgtf,<br />

Gofo, <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo dof{bf ;Dej x'Fb}g . ctM <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf nflu<br />

;ljwfg, P]g / /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] kl/lwdf /xL cfkm\gf sfdsf/afxLx¿nfO{ cfufdL<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>df yk k|efjsf/L x'g] u/L cufl8 a9fpg] / b]zdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] k"0f{ axfnLsf]<br />

nflu ;/sf/ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r / sd{7tfsf] ck]Iff /fVb} cfˆgf<br />

tkm{af6 o; lbzfdf ;Dk"0f{ k|of; s]lGb|t ug]{ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u b[9tf<br />

JoQm ub{5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (83)


cg';"rL—!<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf sfo{/t kbflwsf/L÷sd{rf/Lx¿<br />

qm= ; gfd kb s}lkmot<br />

! >L cg"k /fh zdf{ dfggLo cWoIf<br />

@ >L k|sfz j:tL dfggLo ;b:o<br />

# >L ;'lbk kf7s dfggLo ;b:o<br />

$ >L df]xgf cG;f/L dfggLo ;b:o<br />

% >L uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn dfggLo ;b:o<br />

^ >L j]bk|;fb e§/fO{ ;lrj<br />

;lrjfno<br />

& pdf hf]zL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t :jsLo ;lrj, dfggLo cWoIf<br />

* /ljnfn g]kfnL clws[t t[tLo :jsLo ;lrj, dfggLo ;b:o<br />

( ;'hftf nf]xgL clws[t t[tLo :jsLo ;lrj, dfggLo ;b:o<br />

!) ;'lznf l/hfn clws[t t[tLo :jsLo ;lrj, dfggLo ;b:o<br />

!! lgnd kl/of/ ;xfos k|yd :jsLo ;lrj, dfggLo ;b:o<br />

!@ g/axfb'/ 3tL{ ;jf/L rfns<br />

!# ofbj kf}8Øfn ;jf/L rfns<br />

!$ /fds[i0f yf? ;jf/L rfns<br />

!% e/t lu/L ;jf/L rfns<br />

!^ eLdaxfb'/ vqL ;jf/L rfns<br />

!& k|df]b /fo sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!* laGbf kf08] sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!( zld{nf tfdfª sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

@) ;/f]h sfsL{ sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

@! ;"o{sfGt vltj8f sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

k|zf;g dxfzfvf<br />

@@ nf]sgfy af:tf]nf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

@# sNkgf a:ofn -l3ld/]_ k|zf;sLo clws[t<br />

@$ 3gZofd e08f/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

@% k|b\o'Dg s§]n ;'/Iff clws[t<br />

(84) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@^ clghs'df/ kl/of/ ;xfos k|yd<br />

@& ldlynf laxf/L x'h]bf/ ;xfos k|yd<br />

@* ;fu/ >]i7 ;xfos k|yd<br />

@( s'df/ tfdfª ;jf/L rfns<br />

#) afnd's'Gb sfsL{ ;jf/L rfns<br />

#! eLdaxfb'/ nfdf ;jf/L rfns<br />

#@ /fhs'df/ l3ld/] ;jf/L rfns<br />

## /fdz/0f >]i7 ;jf/L rfns<br />

#$ ;+u|fdhLt nfdf ;jf/L rfns<br />

#% >L/fd sfsL{ ;jf/L rfns<br />

#^ clhtf 9sfn sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

#& OlGb/f kf]v/]n sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

#* tf/f af:tf]nf sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

#( k|bLk ;'j]bL sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$) /fhg ;fksf]6f sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$! /fwf bfxfn sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$@ /f]hLgf tfdfª sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$# nId0f /fgf sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$$ nfnaxfb'/ nfdf sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$% ljlgtf s]=;L= sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$^ ;fljqf d/fl;gL sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

$& s[i0f >]i7 ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

$* vu]Gb| yfkf du/ ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

$( k]|ds'df/ rf}w/L ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

%) rGb|snf lji6 lSng/<br />

%! xL/fdfof dxh{g lSng/<br />

%@ OGb|axfb'/ ;'jfn dfnL<br />

%# gf/fo0f dxh{g dfnL<br />

cg';Gwfg dxfzfvf<br />

%$ o1k|;fb <strong>clwsf</strong>/L pklgb]{zs<br />

%% sNkgf emf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

%^ lvdfgGb a:ofn <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

%& uLtfs'df/L bfxfn <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (85)


%* uLtf >]i7 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

%( hLjg Gof}kfg] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

^) bLk]Gb|axfb'/ l;+x <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

^! gLt' utf{}nf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

^@ d~h' vltj8f /]UdL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

^# dfofb]jL zdf{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

^$ /]ud dxh{g <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

^% nf]ss'df/ >]i7 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

^^ dlGb/f >]i7 ;xfos k|yd<br />

^& tf/f jfUn] ;xfos k|yd<br />

k|a{4g dxfzfvf<br />

^* ;"o{axfb'/ b]phf pklgb]{zs<br />

^( xl/k|;fb 1jfnL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

&) b'uf{ kf]v/]n <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw cg'udg dxfzfvf<br />

&! ab|Lk|;fb ;'j]bL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

&@ dgdfof /fgfdu/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

&# s'df/L z/0f pF/fj <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

&$ ls/0fk|;fb l3ld/] ;xfos k|yd<br />

;fd"lxs <strong>clwsf</strong>/ dxfzfvf<br />

&% jL/axfb'/ a'9fdu/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

cfly{s Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf<br />

&^ /f/f sdf{rfo{ n]vf clws[t<br />

&& lht]Gb| sfsL{ n]vfkfn<br />

&* ;Demgf lwdfn n]vfkfn<br />

&( 1fg]Gb| dxh{g sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

n}lËs, ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL dxfzfvf<br />

*) ;l/tf 1jfnL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

*! bLkf cfrfo{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

(86) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


sfg"g dxfzfvf<br />

*@ Zofdafa' sfˆn] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

*# lbJos'df/ emf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

gLlt, of]hgf tyf of]hgf dxfzfvf<br />

*$ 6Lsf/fd kf]v/]n pklgb] {zs<br />

*% hfoZj/ rfkfufO{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

*^ s[i0fgf/fo0f >]i7 ;xfos k|yd<br />

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rlavglj?å ;dwLIfssf] sfof{no<br />

*& sdn yfkf If]qL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

** ozf]bf aGhf8] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

a}7s ;dGjo PsfO<br />

*( jf;'b]j ahufO{F <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> PsfO<br />

() s}nfzs'df/ l;jfsf]6L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

;"rgf k|ljlw PsfO<br />

(! ;'jf]w kf]v/]n <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

(@ ;dg dfgGw/ ;'rgf k|ljlw ;xfos<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;|f]t s]Gb|<br />

(# ;Ltf /]UdL ;xfos k|yd<br />

If]qLo sfof{no, lj/f6gu/<br />

($ sf]if/fh Gof}kfg] pklgb]{zs<br />

(% gj/fh ;fksf]6f <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

(^ kDkmfb]jL d}gfnL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

(& k|df]b g]kfn n]vf clws[t<br />

(* /]vf bQ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

(( ;Gtf]if cfrfo{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (87)


!)) ;GWofs'df/L k'8f;}gL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!)! lvnf /]UdL ;xfos k|yd<br />

!)@ /]vf bQ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!)# ;Gtf]if cfrfo{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!)$ ;GWofs'df/L k'8f;}gL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!)% lvnf /]UdL ;xfos k|yd<br />

!)^ /fhLjs'df/ s0f{ ;xfos k|yd<br />

!)& b]j]Gb| /]UdL sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!)* dy'/f yfkf /]UdL sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!)( lji0f' k/fh'nL ;jf/L rfns<br />

!!) kbdaxfb'/ >]i7 ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!!! z]/l;+x bnf{dL du/ ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!!@ 1fgrGb| /fhj+zL ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

If]qLo sfof{no, hgsk'/<br />

!!# ;'j0f{s'df/ sdf{rfo{ lgb]{zs<br />

!!$ a'4gf/fo0f ;fxgL s]j6 <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!!% piffls/0f d]3L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!!^ e'jg gfy n]vf clws[t<br />

!!& /]jf /]UdL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!!* ;f]dgfy ;'j]bL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!!( gjnlszf]/ l;+x ;'rgf k|ljlw ;xfos<br />

!!) lgd{nf af]u6L n]vfkfn<br />

!!! kjg e08f/L ;xfos k|yd<br />

!!@ ljef 9'Ëfgf hg;Dks{ ;xfos<br />

!!# /fdgG<strong>bg</strong> ;fx sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!!$ zlze'if0f l;+x sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!!% ;/f]hs'df/ d08n ;jf/L rfns<br />

!!^ cledGo's'df/ l;+x ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!!& uDeL/sfGt emf ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!!* /fdljgo d08n ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

(88) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


If]qLo sfof{no, kf]v/f<br />

!!( ;Demgf zdf{ k|zf;sLo clws[t<br />

!@) lvdnfn ;'j]bL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!@! Hof]ltk|;fb l3ld/] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!@@ df]xg sfˆn] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!@# /]vf af:tf]nf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!@$ s[i0fk|;fb <strong>clwsf</strong>/L n]vfkfn<br />

!@% ljgf]b kl/of/ ;xfos k|yd<br />

!@^ xl/ tfdfª ;jf/L rfns<br />

!@& b]j' vjf; sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!@* bfdf]b/ kf}8Øfn ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!@( /]zdnfn nD;fn ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!#) ;Gtf]if ufos ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

If]qLo sfof{no, g]kfnu~h<br />

!#! d'/f/Lk|;fb v/]n pklgb]{zs<br />

!#@ /d]zs'df/ yfkf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!## åfl/sfs'df/L <strong>clwsf</strong>/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!#$ 6ª\sk|;fb vgfn <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!#% nIdL kf}8Øfn <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!#^ ljhof pk|]tL, d}gfnL n]vf clws[t<br />

!#& clhts'df/ 7fs'/ ;xfos k|yd<br />

!#* /]zdaxfb'/ yfkf du/ ;jf/L rfns<br />

!#( 6Lsf/fd <strong>clwsf</strong>/L sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

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!$# xl/axfb'/ s]=;L= ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

If]qLo sfof{no, wgu9L<br />

!$$ df]xgb]j hf]zL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!$% kjgs'df/ e§ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!$^ bLks sfsL{ n]vf clws[t<br />

!$& nIdL kf}8Øfn <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

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!$* e'k]Gb|axfb'/ wfdL n]vfkfn<br />

!$( dlxdf rf}w/L ;xfos k|yd<br />

!%) ljb]z/fd rf}w/L ;xfos k|yd<br />

!%! ljsf; /fO{ ;jf/L rfns<br />

!%@ ltn' yfkf sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!%# jL/axfb'/ ;fx sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!%$ uf]/vaxfb'/ vqL ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!%% g[k zfxL ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

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!%&<br />

pkIf]qLo sfof{no, vf]6fª<br />

!%* emª\s/axfb'/ /fjn <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!%( bLks l3ld/] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!^) clDasf l3ld/] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!^! ;'ldqfb]jL /fO{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!^@ ufoqL vqL n]vfkfn<br />

!^# nfnaxfb'/ /fO{ ;xfos k|yd<br />

!^$ nf]sgfy l3ld/] ;xfos k|yd<br />

!^% o'j/fh l/hfn sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!^^ cDa/axfb'/ /fjn ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!^& 1fgaxfb'/ bfxfn ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

If]qLo sfof{no, a'6jn<br />

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!^( rGb|sfGt rfkfufO{+ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!&) bLks 7fs'/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!&! sNkgf g]kfn -cfrfo{_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!&@ clgzs'df/ kf}8Øfn <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!&# ljdnf g]kfnL -nfv]_ hg;Dks{ ;xfos<br />

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!&% d]g'sf kf]v/]n sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

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(90) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!&& sf}znk|;fb l;+x ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!&* ;'o{dl0f rf}w/L ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!&( xl/k|;fb nfld5fg] ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

If]qLo sfof{no, h'Dnf<br />

!*) >L/fd <strong>clwsf</strong>/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!*! dfgaxfb'/ sfsL{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!*@ s'df/L dx/f <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!*# wg/fh zfxL <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!*$ /d]z /fjt <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ clws[t<br />

!*% /fh]Gb|k|;fb Gof}kfg] ;xfos k|yd<br />

!*^ g/]Gb| vqL n]vfkfn<br />

!*& anl;+x ;'gf/ sfof{no ;xof]uL<br />

!** s'Deaxfb'/ dxtf/f ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

!*( hLjg dxt ;'/Iff uf8{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (91)


cg';"rL—@<br />

;fª\u7flgs ;+/rgf<br />

National Human Rights Commission<br />

Chairperson - 1<br />

Commissioners - 4<br />

Board Coordination<br />

& Enforcement<br />

HR Officer -1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Secretary -1<br />

Office Secretary (Officer Level)- Secretarial Science – 1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Special Rapporteurs*<br />

Regional Offices<br />

Nepalgunj, Biratnagar,<br />

Janakpur, Dhangadhi, Pokhara<br />

Regional Director (1x5) 5<br />

Deputy Director (1x5) 5<br />

HR Officer ( Prot.) (4x5) 20<br />

HR Officer (Prom.) (1x5) 5<br />

Admin./Finance Officer (1x5) 5<br />

Finance Assistant (1x5) 5<br />

IT & Documentation Assistant (1x5) 5<br />

Assistant First (1x5) 5<br />

Driver (2x5) 10<br />

Office Helper (2x5) 10<br />

Security Guard (3x5) 15<br />

Total 90<br />

Sub Regional Offices<br />

Ilam, Khotang, Kathmandu,<br />

Dang Butwal, Jumla<br />

Deputy Director (1x6) 6<br />

HR Officer ( Prot.) (4x6) 24<br />

HR Officer (Prom.) (1x6) 6<br />

Finance Assistant (1x6) 6<br />

IT & Documentation Assistant (1x6) 6<br />

Assistant First (1x6) 6<br />

Drivers (1x6) 6<br />

Office Helpers (1x6) 6<br />

Security Guard (3x6) 18<br />

Total 84<br />

Note:<br />

Prot. Protection<br />

Prom Promotion<br />

HR Human Rights<br />

IT Information Technology<br />

Secretarial Sc = Secretarial Science<br />

Law, Investigation &<br />

Monitoring Department<br />

Director -1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Legal Affairs<br />

Division<br />

Deputy Director -1<br />

HR Officer -2<br />

Assistant first -1<br />

Office Helper -1<br />

International Treaty<br />

Monitoring Division<br />

Deputy Director – 1<br />

HR Officer - 4<br />

Assistant first - 1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Investigation<br />

Division<br />

Deputy Director - 1<br />

HR Officer - 4<br />

Assistant first - 1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

IT / Website<br />

I T Officer -2<br />

I T Assistant -1<br />

* Commission may appoint Special<br />

Rapporteurs on various Themes, as<br />

and when required.<br />

Coordination<br />

Department<br />

Director -1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

International<br />

Relations Desk<br />

HR Officer -1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Information,<br />

Communication<br />

& Publication<br />

HR Officer -1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Office Helper -1<br />

Regional Office<br />

Coordination<br />

HR Officer - 1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Report writing<br />

HR Officer -3<br />

Documentation &<br />

HR Ressource<br />

Centre<br />

HR Officer - 2<br />

I T Assistant -1<br />

Promotion, Advocacy &<br />

Collective Rights Department<br />

Director -1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Collective Rights<br />

Division<br />

Deputy Director -1<br />

HR Officer - 3<br />

Assistant first -1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Gender & Social<br />

Inclusion Division<br />

Deputy Director -1<br />

HR Officer -2<br />

Assistant first -1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Promotion &<br />

Advocacy<br />

Division<br />

Deputy Director -1<br />

Assistant first -1<br />

Office Helper -1<br />

Advocacy &<br />

Campaign<br />

HR Officer - 2<br />

HR Education<br />

& Training<br />

HR Officer -2<br />

Office of the Chairperson<br />

Office Secretary (Officer Level) Secretarial Sc. – 1<br />

Secretary (Residence, Assistant first Level) – 1<br />

Driver on benefit - 1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Helper Residence - 1<br />

Office of the Commissioners<br />

Office Secretary (Officer Level)- Secretarial Sc. (1x4) – 4<br />

Drivers on benefit (1x4) – 4<br />

Office Helper (1x4) - 4<br />

Helper Residence (1x4) - 4<br />

Administration, Finance, Policy<br />

& Planning Department<br />

Director -1<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Policy Research &<br />

Planning Division<br />

Deputy Director -1<br />

Assistant first -1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Administration<br />

Division<br />

Deputy Director -1<br />

Assistant first -1<br />

Office Helper - 1<br />

Project Mgmt. &<br />

Policy Research<br />

HR Officer -1<br />

Human Resource<br />

Development<br />

HR Officer - 1<br />

Planning,<br />

Internal<br />

Monitoring &<br />

Evaluation<br />

HR Officer - 2<br />

HR Office - 1<br />

Financial<br />

Management<br />

Division<br />

Deputy Director -1<br />

Finance Officer -2<br />

Finance Assistant -2<br />

Office Helper -1<br />

General Administration<br />

Personnel Officer -1<br />

Admin. Officer -2<br />

Security Officer -1<br />

Receptionist – 1<br />

Office Helper - 3<br />

Security Guard - 3<br />

Transport Management<br />

Transport<br />

Mgmt. Officer -1<br />

Driver - 11<br />

Repair, Maintenance &<br />

Equipment Operation<br />

Assistant First -1<br />

Gardener - 2<br />

Cleaner - 2<br />

Store<br />

Assistant First - 1<br />

(92) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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dfl;s ph"/L<br />

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dlxgf sfof{no<br />

If]qLo sfof{nox¿ pkIf]qLo sfof{nox¿ hDdf<br />

nlntk'/ lj/f6gu/ hgsk'/ g]kfnu~h wgu9L kf]v/f vf]6fª a'6jn h'Dnf<br />

;fpg % !@ $ – ! – – – @@<br />

Efbf} ^ @ ! – @ – ! @ – !$<br />

c;f]h $ % ! – ! ! – – – !@<br />

sflt{s @ @ – – – @ – ! – &<br />

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Kf'; @ & !$ – ! ! – – – @%<br />

Dff3 @ @ !% # @ @ – ! – @&<br />

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h]7 ^ & @ – ^ ! – # ! @^<br />

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hDdf %$ ^@ $@ !# & @@ % !@ @ @!(<br />

(94) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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d[To'_<br />

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%=<br />

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Pdfcf]jfbL !<br />

cGo ! ! ! !<br />

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cGo /fhgLlts bn÷;d"x÷JolQm<br />

JolQm÷c1ft ;d"x÷cGo ! @<br />

uf]kgLotfsf] xs ;/sf/L !<br />

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oftgf÷b'Jo{jxf/÷s'6kL6<br />

sfg"gL ;+/If0f<br />

u}/Goflos y'gf<br />

;/sf/L<br />

cGo –ljKnj ;d"x_ !<br />

g]kfn k|x/L÷;/sf/L kIf ^ % % $ ^ & @<br />

cGo ! @ !<br />

g]kfn k|x/L<br />

cGo<br />

g]kfn k|x/L ! ! !<br />

g]kfnL ;]gf<br />

jg sfof{no<br />

;z:q k|x/L an<br />

cGo<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (95)


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kmfu'g<br />

r}t<br />

@)&#<br />

j}zfv<br />

qm=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

^= :j]R5frf/L kqmfp g]kfn k|x/L ! ! ! !<br />

^= aGbLsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

&=<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! ! @<br />

:jtGqtfsf] xs<br />

cGo<br />

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;/sf/L lgsfo !<br />

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cGo<br />

(=<br />

lj:yflkt<br />

!)= cfly{s, ;fdflhs÷ ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DklQsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfjf;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo÷;'/IffsdL{<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! !<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L<br />

cGo ! !<br />

:jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs cGo<br />

/f]huf/Lsf] xs ;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

vfB <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;/sf/L<br />

cGo<br />

(96) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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c;f]h<br />

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dª\l;/<br />

k';<br />

df3<br />

kmfu'g<br />

r}t<br />

@)&#<br />

j}zfv<br />

qm=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

!!<br />

!@=<br />

!#=<br />

!$=<br />

!%=<br />

lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo !<br />

cGo @<br />

:jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;/sf/L lgsfo $ ! ! !<br />

cGo ! ! !<br />

afn<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

hftLo lje]b<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! ! ! ! !<br />

lzIfs÷z}lIfs !<br />

kl/af/÷;dfh<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo @ ! ! @<br />

kl/af/<br />

cGo ! @<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo<br />

eflifs lje]b cGo !<br />

klxrfgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;/sf/L lgsfo !<br />

cfk|jf;L sfdbf/sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (97)


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k';<br />

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kmfu'g<br />

r}t<br />

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j}zfv<br />

qm=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

!^=<br />

!&=<br />

!*=<br />

!(=<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

h]i7 gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

Gofo k|zf;g<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo ! @<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo # @ @ ! @ % ( #<br />

cGo ! # @ ! !<br />

/fHo !<br />

cGo<br />

=<br />

hDdf @@ !$ !@ & % @% @& !$ @@ !(<br />

ljifout cfwf/df btf{ ph"/Lx¿<br />

;fpg @)&@<br />

ebf}<br />

c;f]h<br />

sflt{s<br />

dª\l;/<br />

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kmfu'g<br />

r}t<br />

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h]7<br />

c;f/<br />

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s|=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

!= hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/M -<br />

xTof÷lx/f;tdf d[To'_<br />

;'/IffsdL{ ! !% !$ ! ! ! ##<br />

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(98) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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s|=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

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sfg"gL ;+/If0f<br />

%= u}/Golos y'gf<br />

g]kfn k|x/L÷;/sf/L<br />

kIf<br />

^ % % $ ^ & @ ! ^ $@<br />

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g]kfn k|x/L<br />

g]kfnL ;]gf<br />

jg sfof{no<br />

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/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (99)


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c;f/<br />

hDdf<br />

s|=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

^= :j]R5frf/L kqmfp g]kfn k|x/L ! ! ! ! $<br />

^= aGbLsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

&= :jtGqtfsf] xs<br />

*= ;"rgfsf] xs<br />

(=<br />

!)=<br />

lj:yflkt<br />

cfly{s, ;fdflhs÷ ;f+:<br />

s[lts<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DklQsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfjf;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! ! @ $<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! !<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo÷;'/<br />

IffsdL{<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! !<br />

cGo ! !<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! ! ! #<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L<br />

;fF:s[lts<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cGo ! ! @<br />

:jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs cGo # #<br />

(100) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


;fpg @)&@<br />

ebf}<br />

c;f]h<br />

sflt{s<br />

dª\l;/<br />

k';<br />

df3<br />

kmfu'g<br />

r}t<br />

@)&# j}zfv<br />

h]7<br />

c;f/<br />

hDdf<br />

s|=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

!!<br />

!@=<br />

!#=<br />

/f]huf/Lsf] xs ;/sf/L lgsfo ! !<br />

vfB<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;/sf/L @ @<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! !<br />

cGo<br />

@ @<br />

:jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;/sf/L lgsfo $ ! ! ! &<br />

cGo ! ! ! #<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo ! ! ! ! ! ! ^<br />

afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lzIfs÷z}lIfs ! !<br />

kl/af/÷;dfh<br />

cGo<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

!$= hftLolje]b<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo @ ! ! @ ! &<br />

kl/af/<br />

cGo ! @ ! $<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo ! !<br />

eflifs lje]b cGo ! !<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (101)


;fpg @)&@<br />

ebf}<br />

c;f]h<br />

sflt{s<br />

dª\l;/<br />

k';<br />

df3<br />

kmfu'g<br />

r}t<br />

@)&# j}zfv<br />

h]7<br />

c;f/<br />

hDdf<br />

s|=;+= pNnª\3gsf] ljifo cf/f]lkt kIf<br />

=<br />

klxrfgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;/sf/L lgsfo ! !<br />

!%= cfk|jf;Lsffdbf/sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

!^=<br />

ckfª\utf ePsf JolStsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

!&= h]i7 gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

!*= Gofo–k|zf;g<br />

!(=<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo ! @ #<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

cGo<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo # @ @ ! @ % ( # $ !) $!<br />

cGo ! # @ ! ! # @ !#<br />

/fHo ! ! @<br />

cGo<br />

hDdf @@ !$ !@ & % @% @& !$ @@ !( @^ @^ @!(<br />

(102) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


cg';"rL—$<br />

cg'udg ljj/0f<br />

$=! s]sf, nlntk'/<br />

qm=;= cg'udgsf] ljifo cg'udgsf] ldlt :yfg s}lkmot<br />

!<br />

@=<br />

#=<br />

$=<br />

%<br />

t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df<br />

eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df<br />

eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df<br />

eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df<br />

eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

uª\ufdfofsf] :jf:Yo<br />

cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷*÷!!—!(<br />

l;/xf, ;'g;/L<br />

/ ;Kt/L<br />

@)&@÷*÷!@— !* af/f s]sf / If]sf<br />

@)&@÷*÷!@—!(<br />

@)&@÷(÷$—!(<br />

@)&@÷!!÷$<br />

wg'iff, dxf]Q/L<br />

/ ;nf{xL<br />

wg'iff, dxf]Q/L,<br />

;nf{xL, /f}tx6,<br />

af/f / k;f{<br />

sf7df8f} F<br />

^= afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf @)&@÷!!÷(— !# k;f{ / wg'iff<br />

&=<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] cj:yf<br />

*= cGt/f{li6«o ;To<br />

hfGg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

lbj;<br />

(= /<strong>fli6«o</strong> hg;ª\3if{<br />

cleofgsf] sf]0f;ef<br />

@)&@÷!@÷@—(<br />

@)&@÷!@÷!!<br />

@)&@÷!@÷!@<br />

d':tfª / dgfª<br />

jfn'jf6f/,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

/Tgkfs{,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

s]sf / If]sf<br />

df= ;b:o ;'lbk<br />

kf7s;lxt<br />

If]sfsf] 6f]nL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u, lzIff<br />

dGqfno / lzIff<br />

ljefu;F<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;xsfo{df<br />

Df= ;b:o ;'lbk<br />

kf7s nufotsf]<br />

6f]nL ;xefuL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (103)


!)= gjnk/f;Lsf] ;'gjn<br />

rf]sdf nfUg] ahf/<br />

ckfos :yfgdf ;fg{<br />

nfluPsf] lj/f]wdf<br />

k|x/Lsf] s'6lk6af6<br />

3fOt] ePsL dlxnfsf]<br />

:jf:Yo cj:yf<br />

!! lagfsf/0f y'gfdf<br />

/flvPsf] elgPsf]<br />

36gf<br />

!@ sgsdl0f lblIftsf]<br />

:jf:Yo cj:yf<br />

!# /f]huf/Lsf nflu<br />

;fd"lxs cfd/0f<br />

cg;g<br />

!$ sgsdl0f lblIftsf]<br />

:jf:Yo cj:yf<br />

!% sgsdl0f lblIftsf]<br />

aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f d'2f<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

!^ y'gfdf /flvPsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

!& /f]huf/Lsf nflu<br />

;fd"lxs cfd/0f<br />

cg;g<br />

!* xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf]<br />

36gf ;DaGwdf<br />

!( @( blno df]rf{sf]<br />

l;+xb/jf/ 3]/fp<br />

sfo{qmd<br />

@) @( blno df]rf{sf]<br />

l;+xb/jf/ 3]/fp<br />

sfo{qmd<br />

@)&@÷!@÷@(<br />

@)&#÷!÷!<br />

@)&#÷!÷!@<br />

@)&#÷!÷!^<br />

@)&#÷!÷!&<br />

@)&#÷!÷@)<br />

@)&#÷!÷@!<br />

@)&#÷!÷@#<br />

jL=Pg=<br />

jL= Ujfsf]{,<br />

nlntk'/<br />

dxfgul/o<br />

k|x/L<br />

kl/;/, 6]s',<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

jL/ c:ktfn,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

v'Nnf d~r,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

jL/ c:ktfn,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

;jf] {Rr<br />

cbfnt,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

dxfgul/o<br />

k|x/L j[Q<br />

:joDe'<br />

v'Nnf d~r,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

@)&#÷!÷@( lzIf0f<br />

c:ktfn,<br />

dxf/fhuGh,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

@)&#÷@÷@ / $ dfOtL3/ /<br />

afn'jf6f/<br />

@)&#÷@÷@<br />

xg'dfg:yfg,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

(104) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@! y'gfdf /flvPsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@@ ljBfnosf @#<br />

5fqfx¿nfO{ lzIfsn]<br />

oftgf lbPsf] elgPsf]<br />

36gf ;DaGwdf<br />

@# s[i0fk|;fb <strong>clwsf</strong>/Lsf]<br />

xTof ePsf] !#<br />

jif{ x' Fbf klg Gofo<br />

gkfPsf] ljifodf uª\<br />

ufdfof <strong>clwsf</strong>/Ln]<br />

u/]sf] kqsf/<br />

;Dd]ng<br />

@$ afn ;'wf/ u[xdf<br />

hah{:tL /flvPsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@% af]Ng g;Sg]<br />

dlxnfnfO{ anfTsf/<br />

u/]sf] 36gfsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@^ gSsnL 8fS6/<br />

sf] cleof]udf<br />

kqmfp k/]sf #^<br />

hgf lrlsT;ssf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@& kvf{n v;L b'O{<br />

ljBfyL{sf] d[To' ePsf]<br />

36gf ;DaGwdf<br />

@* lx/fzt tyf<br />

y'g'jfx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)&#÷@÷!!<br />

@)&#÷@÷!^<br />

@)&#÷@÷@$<br />

@)&#÷@÷#)<br />

@)&#÷#÷#<br />

@)&#÷#÷@^<br />

@)&#÷#÷!(<br />

@)&#÷#÷@&<br />

dxfgu/Lo<br />

k|x/L j[Q<br />

l;+xb/jf/,<br />

s]Pd;L,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

jL/ c:ktfn,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

l;Gw'kfNrf]s<br />

k|;"lt u[x<br />

yfkfynL,<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

s]Gb|Lo<br />

cg';Gwfg<br />

Jo"/f],<br />

sf7df8f}F<br />

k'ikf~hnL<br />

dflj, 6f}v]n,<br />

nlntk"/<br />

lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no,<br />

sfe|]knf~rf]s<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (105)


$=@ If]sf,lj/f6gu/<br />

qm=;= cg'udgsf] ljifo cg'udg ldlt :yfg s}lkmot<br />

! hgsk'/df k|x/L<br />

/ k|b{zgsf/LaLr<br />

ePsf] elgPsf] bf]xf]/f]<br />

le8Gtsf s|ddf 3fOt]<br />

ePsf l<strong>bg</strong>]zs'df/<br />

;fxsf] :jf:Yo cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷$÷%<br />

-lg/Gt/_<br />

Go"/f] c:ktfn<br />

lj/f6gu/,<br />

df]/ª<br />

@<br />

gofF aGg] ;+ljwfgdf<br />

lxGb' /fHosf] dfu<br />

ub}{ ul/Psf] k|bz{gdf<br />

;fw'–;Gt Pjd\ lxGb''<br />

wd{sf cg'ofoL /<br />

k|x/LaLr em8kdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

# dw]znfO{ :jfoQ k|b]z<br />

agfpg dfu /fVb}<br />

;ª\3Lo ;dfhjfbL<br />

kmf]/d, t/fO{–dw]z<br />

nf]stflGqs kf6L{ t/fO{<br />

dw]z /<strong>fli6«o</strong> cleofg,<br />

ljBfyL{ kmf]/d<br />

nufotsf bnx¿åf/f<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]lht aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

$ dw]zL df]rf{åf/f ul/<br />

Psf] aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

% ljleGg k]zfut<br />

;ª\3;ª\u7gn]<br />

lgsfn]sf] ¥ofnL<br />

^ Pd=Pd= Knfl:6s<br />

pBf]udf ad xflgPsf]<br />

36gf<br />

@)&@÷$÷!)<br />

-lg/Gt/_<br />

@)&@÷$÷#!—#@<br />

@)&@÷%÷ !<br />

@)&@÷%÷#<br />

@)&@÷%÷&<br />

;'g;/L<br />

Dff]/ª<br />

df]/ª, ;'g;/L<br />

/ emfkf<br />

Dff]/ª<br />

df]/ª<br />

(106) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


& ;+o"Qm 6f]n gu/<br />

;dGjo ;ldlt<br />

lj/f6gu/sf] ;b\efj<br />

¥ofnL<br />

* dw]zL df]rf{åf/f ul/<br />

Psf] aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

( lx/f;tdf /flvPsf<br />

y'g'jfx¿nfO{ oftgf<br />

lbOPsf] elgPsf] 36\gf<br />

!) cfGbf]ngsf/Ln]<br />

k]6«f]ndf cfuf] nufpFbf<br />

b'O{ hgf aflnsfsf]<br />

xft v'§f hnL 3fOt]<br />

ePsf] 36gf<br />

!! gfuL 36gf l;kmfl/;<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

!@ c3f]lift gfsfaGbLsf<br />

sf/0f OGwg cefj<br />

x'Fbf c:ktfnsf] ;]jfdf<br />

k/]sf] k|efj ;DaGwdf<br />

!# gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f c:<br />

ktfndf k/]sf] k|efj<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

!$ xTof ul/Psf] egL<br />

lbPsf] hfx]/L btf{<br />

gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf<br />

!% xTof ul/Psf] egL<br />

lbPsf] hfx]/L btf{<br />

gu/]sf] elgPsf]<br />

36gfsf] kl5Nnf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷%÷*<br />

@)&@÷^÷ !<br />

-lg/Gt/_<br />

@)&@÷^÷===<br />

df]/ª<br />

;'g;/L<br />

Onfsf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no, /fgL,<br />

df]/ª<br />

—df= df]xgf<br />

cG;f/L;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

—gful/s<br />

;dfhsf]<br />

;xsfo{df<br />

@)&@÷&÷ !! ;'g;/L OG;]s,<br />

sf]sg / y8{<br />

PnfoG;;F<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;xsfo{df<br />

@)&@÷&÷<br />

!&—@!<br />

@)&@÷&÷<br />

!&—@!<br />

@)&@÷&÷ @$<br />

@)&@÷&÷#)<br />

@)&@÷*÷^<br />

kfFry/<br />

kfFry/<br />

Dff]/ª<br />

lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no, Dff]/ª<br />

Dff]/ª<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (107)


!^ b'xaLdf PDa'n]G;dfly<br />

dw]zL df]rf{sf<br />

sfo{stfaf6 ePsf]<br />

cfqmd0f / rfns<br />

3fOt]sf] :jf:Yo cj:yf<br />

!& la/fdL af]sL cfPsf]<br />

PDa'n]G;dfly cfs|d0f<br />

u/]sf] egL kqmfp ul/<br />

Psf ;ª\3Lo ;dfhjfbL<br />

kmf]/dsf sfo{stf{sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

!* g]kfn lzIfs d~r<br />

;'g;/Lsf cWoIfnfO{<br />

k|x/L k|zf;g4f/f<br />

s'6lk6 ul/Psf]<br />

elgPsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

!( t/fO{–dw]zdf<br />

cfGbf]ng/t ;d"x /<br />

;'/IffsdL{aLr ljleGg<br />

ldltdf ePsf] 36gfdf<br />

3fOt] ePsfx¿sf]<br />

:jf:Yo cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷*÷^<br />

@)&@÷*÷^<br />

@)&@÷*÷&<br />

@)&@÷*÷*<br />

l;6L c:ktfn,<br />

Dff]/ª<br />

lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no, Dff]/ª<br />

lhNnf<br />

c:ktfn,<br />

;'g;/L<br />

jLkL sf]O/fnf<br />

:jf:Yo lj1fg<br />

k|lti7fg w/fg,<br />

;'g;/L<br />

@) <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf @)&@÷*÷* b'xjL, ;'g;/L<br />

@! aGb x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@@<br />

@#<br />

/ª\u]nL 36gfsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

cfGbf]ng/tM<br />

sd{rf/Lx¿sf]<br />

cj/f]wsf] sf/0f<br />

cfsfl:ds /<br />

cfO=l;=o"= afx]ssf<br />

;Dk"0f{ ;]jf 7Kk ePsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@)&@÷*÷!&–@) emfkf s]Gb|Lo / If]qLo<br />

sfof{nosf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷!)÷&<br />

-lg/Gt/_<br />

@)&@÷!)÷@)<br />

df]/ª<br />

jLkL sf]O/fnf<br />

:jf:Yo lj1fg<br />

k|lti7fg,<br />

;'g;/L<br />

(108) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@$<br />

dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls<br />

gePsf] egL jiff}{b]lv<br />

;fª\nfn] afFlwPsL<br />

dlxnfsf] cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷!)÷@@ u/fdgL $<br />

ls;gle6f,<br />

emfkf<br />

@% u}/sfg"gL y'gf @)&@÷!)÷@% ;'g;/L<br />

dlxnf lxF;f÷anfTsf/ @)&@÷!!÷@* 8'd|fxf &,<br />

ePsf] elgPsf] 36gf<br />

;'g;/L<br />

@^ v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm 3f]if0ff<br />

;df/f]xdf pkl:yt<br />

x'g cfpg'ePsf<br />

pkk|wfgdGqL<br />

ljhos'df/ uR5fbf/<br />

sf] lj/f]wdf sfnf]<br />

em08f k|bz{g<br />

@& k|x/L lg/LIfsaf6<br />

ljut (÷!) jif{b]lv<br />

zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s<br />

oftgf lbPsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@* Hofg dfg{] pBf]udf<br />

hfx]/L btf{ gul/Psf]<br />

@( 3/fo;L s'6lk6kl5sf]<br />

:jf:Yo cj:yf<br />

#) ax'ljjfxdf hfx]/L btf{<br />

gul/Psf]<br />

#! ljut ( jif{b]lv<br />

dfgl;s ;Gt'ng<br />

u'dfPsL elgPsL<br />

dlxnfsf] cj:yf<br />

#@ hftLo lje]bsf] cfwf/df<br />

gf]s/Laf6 jl~rt<br />

## tLg hgf lrlsT;s<br />

ks|fp ul/Psf] 36gf<br />

@)&@÷!@÷#)<br />

@)&#÷!÷&<br />

@)&#÷!÷!#<br />

@)&#÷!÷!^<br />

@)&#÷!÷!^<br />

@)&#÷!÷!&<br />

@)&#÷!÷!&<br />

@)&#÷#÷$<br />

kf]vl/of, df]/ª<br />

/fhlj/fh,<br />

;Kt/L<br />

lhk|sf, df]/ª<br />

df]/ª<br />

lhk|sf, ;'g;/L<br />

eb|k'/, emfkf<br />

afx'g8fFuL,<br />

emfkf<br />

lj/f6gu/,<br />

df]/ª<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u /<br />

hfu/0f<br />

g]kfn;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (109)


#$ ;To–lg?k0f tyf<br />

d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

/ a]kQf 5fgljg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ph"/L<br />

cfAXfg;DaGwL cj:yf<br />

#% Dffgj a]rlavgsf]<br />

cj:yf / r'gf}tL<br />

#^ Dffgj a]rlavgsf]<br />

cj:yf / r'gf}tL<br />

#& lghL ljBfnosf<br />

dlxnf lzlIfsfx¿sf]<br />

;'Ts]/L / :tgkfg<br />

;DaGwL Joj:yfsf]<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

@)&#÷@÷&<br />

@)&#÷@÷@%<br />

@)&#÷@÷@&<br />

@)&#÷#÷^—(<br />

df]/ª<br />

emfkf<br />

kfFry/<br />

;'g;/L<br />

$=# If]sf, hgsk'/<br />

qm=;= cg'udgsf] ljifo cg'udg ldlt :yfg s}lkmot<br />

!= blnt kl/jf/nfO{ @)&@÷$÷!(—/ l;/xf ;+o'Qm<br />

s'jfsf] kfgL eg{af6<br />

al~rt ul/Psf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@)<br />

@= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf @)&@÷$÷@@—<br />

@$<br />

;nf{xL /<br />

/f}tx6<br />

#= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf @)&@÷$÷@*— l;/xf<br />

$=<br />

@(<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf @)&@÷$÷#) dsjfgk'/<br />

/ #!<br />

%= — @)&@÷%÷@—$ ;Kt/L /<br />

^= k|x/Ln] rnfPsf] uf]nL<br />

nflu d[To' ePsf]<br />

elgPsf] 36gf<br />

@)&@÷%÷(—!@<br />

l;/xf<br />

uf}/, /f}tx6<br />

(110) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


&= dw]; cfGbf]ngsf]<br />

s|ddf jL/uGh /<br />

sn}ofdf k|x/Ln]<br />

uf]nL nflu d[To'<br />

ePsf] elgPsf] 36gf<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

*= ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs<br />

dw]zL df]rf{åf/f<br />

(=<br />

ul/Psf] k|bz{g<br />

cfGbf]ngsf] s|ddf<br />

Hofg u'dfPsfx¿sf]<br />

bfx;+:sf/<br />

!)= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

!!= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

!@= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

!#= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

!$= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

!%= l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog<br />

cj:yf<br />

!^= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

!&= —af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf<br />

b'/Jojxf/<br />

—;+o'Qm df]rf{n] x'nfsL<br />

;8sdf lgdf{0f u/]sf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> ;fªnf]<br />

!*= j]jfl/;] zj<br />

Aoj:yfkg<br />

!(= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷%÷!%—<br />

@$<br />

@)&@÷%÷@%<br />

k;f{<br />

hgsk'/,<br />

wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷%÷@& dxf]Q/L ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷%÷@*—<br />

#)<br />

wg'iff<br />

;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷%÷#!— ;Kt/L ;+o'Qm<br />

^—^<br />

@)&@÷^÷@— # dxf]Q/L ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷^÷$— ^ wg'iff / ;+o'Qm<br />

dxf]Q/L<br />

@)&@÷^÷^— & dxf]Q/L ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷^÷*— ( l;/xf ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷^÷!)—<br />

!#<br />

wg'iff ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷^÷!$ wg'iff ;+o'Qm -<br />

b'O{ ljifodf<br />

cg'udg_<br />

@)&@÷^÷!% / wg'iff<br />

@!<br />

@)&@÷^÷@*—@( dxf]Q/L<br />

@)&@÷^÷#)<br />

wg'iff<br />

;+o'Qm<br />

;+o'Qm<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (111)


@!= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

@@= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@#= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@$= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@%= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

alQ lgefp sfo{qmd<br />

-ANofs cfp6_<br />

@^= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

alQ lgefp sfo{qmd<br />

-ANofs cfp6_<br />

@&= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@*= k|x/Ln] rnfPsf] uf]nL<br />

nfuL d[To' ePsf]<br />

elgPsf] 36gf<br />

@(= JolQmsf] 3/df<br />

adljikmf]6g<br />

#)= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

#!= ;ª\3Lo ;dfj]zL<br />

dw]z u7jGwgsf]<br />

cfd;ef<br />

#@= /fi6«kltn] hfgsL<br />

dlGb/ k|j]z ubf{<br />

pTkGg cj:yf<br />

##= —ljjfx k~rdL hfgsL<br />

dlGb/ 36gf<br />

—<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

— /fdfcf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

uf8L hnfOPsf] 36gf<br />

@)&@÷^÷#) wg'iff ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷&÷!—@ dxf]Q/L ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷&÷#—^ wg'iff ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷&÷&—* ;nf{xL ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷&÷(— !) wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷&÷!!—!#<br />

@)&@÷&÷!$—!%<br />

@)&@÷&÷!&—@#<br />

@)&@÷*÷%<br />

wg'iff<br />

;nf{xL<br />

k;f{<br />

wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷*÷(— !@ /f}tx6<br />

@)&@÷*÷@% wg'iff ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷(÷!—# wg'iff ;+o'Qm<br />

@)&@÷(÷$—!) wg'iff ÷<br />

dxf]Q/L<br />

÷;nf{xL<br />

;+o'Qm<br />

(112) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


#$= t/fO{ cfGbf]ngdf @)&@÷(÷!)—!* af/f, k;f{ /<br />

k|x/Lsf] uf]nL nfuL<br />

/f}tx6<br />

d[To' ePsfx¿sf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

#%= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf @)&@÷(÷@^—@& /f}tx6 ;+o'Qm<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf @)&@÷(÷@*—<br />

!)—@<br />

jf/f / k;f{<br />

#^= —Rff}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

—lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{nosf] lx/f;t<br />

cj:yf<br />

—dlxnf tyf<br />

afnaflnsf s]Gb|sf]<br />

ultljlw<br />

#&= —Rff}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

—lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{nosf] lx/f;t<br />

cj:yf<br />

—dlxnf tyf<br />

afnaflnsf s]Gb|sf]<br />

ultljlw<br />

#*= —lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{nosf] lx/f;t<br />

cj:yf<br />

—k|x/Lsf] uf]nL nflu<br />

3fOt] ePsf b'O{<br />

o'jssf] cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷!!÷%<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!@<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!*<br />

dxf]Q/L<br />

l;/xf<br />

wg'iff<br />

df= cWoIf cg"k<br />

/fh zdf{, df=<br />

;b:o df]xgf<br />

cG;f/L, ;lrj<br />

j]bk|;fb<br />

e§/fO{;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (113)


#(= k|x/Lsf] uf]nL nflu<br />

3fOt] ePsf b'O{<br />

o'jssf] cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷!!÷@)<br />

c~rn<br />

c:ktfn,<br />

hgsk'/,<br />

wg'iff<br />

pbok'/<br />

$)= <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

@)&#÷!÷@^—@&<br />

$!= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> @)&#÷!÷@*—@( pbok'/<br />

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog<br />

cj:yf<br />

$@= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> @)&#÷@÷#—^ k;f{ /<br />

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog<br />

dsjfgk'/<br />

cj:yf<br />

$#= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> @)&#÷@÷!*—!( dxf]Q/L<br />

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog<br />

cj:yf<br />

$$= dlxnf lx+;f @)&#÷#÷#—$ ;nf{xL<br />

$%= lrlsT;sx¿ kqmfp @)&#÷#÷%—& k;f{<br />

$^= <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rljvgsf] @)&#÷#÷*—!@ dsjfgk'/<br />

cj:yf<br />

$=$ If]sf, kf]v/f<br />

qm=;= cg'udgsf] ljifo cg'udg ldlt :yfg s}lkmot<br />

! aff9Lklx/f]af6<br />

kLl8tx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷$÷!$—<br />

!*<br />

n'Dn],<br />

eb}f/]tfdfuL<br />

/ l9s'/<br />

@= Gf]kfnL sfª\u|];<br />

n]vgfy gu/kflnsfsf<br />

sfª\u|];sf sfo{stf{sf]<br />

xTof ePsf] elgPsf]<br />

36gf<br />

@)&@÷$÷@(<br />

kf]v/L, sf:sL<br />

n]vgfy gkf,<br />

sf:sL<br />

(114) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


#= g]skf dfcf]jfbL -j}B_,<br />

;ª\3Lo ;dfhjfbL<br />

kf6L{ / lxGb' wd{<br />

kIfw/af6 ul/Psf]<br />

aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

$= afun'ªnfO{ 6'qmfOPsf]<br />

lj/f]wdf ul/Psf]<br />

cfdx8tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

%= u08s If]qnfO{<br />

td'jfg 3f]if0ff<br />

gu/]sf] lj/f]wdf u'?ª<br />

;d'bfon] u/]sf] u08s<br />

aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

^= afnu[xsf<br />

afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf<br />

tyf p4f/<br />

&= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> l;kmfl/;<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

*= g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_<br />

ljKna ;d"xåf/f<br />

ul/Psf] g]kfn aGbdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

(= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

;du| cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷$÷#!—<br />

#@<br />

sf:sL<br />

@)&@÷%÷!^—!* afun'ª<br />

@)&@÷^÷$<br />

sf:sL<br />

@)&@÷&÷$ sf:sL <strong>cfof</strong>]u, ,<br />

lhNnf k|zf;g<br />

sfof{no, lhNnf<br />

afnsNof0f<br />

;ldlt , dlxnf<br />

afnaflnsf<br />

sfof{no,<br />

:yfgLo gful/s<br />

;dfh;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷*÷^—( tgx'<br />

@)&@÷*÷!#<br />

@)&@÷(÷!@—<br />

!*<br />

Kff]v/f<br />

DofUbL /<br />

afun'ª<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (115)


!)= rf}+yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

!!= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog<br />

cj:yf<br />

!@= k[YjL /fhdfu{<br />

a;Joj;foL ;ª\3åf/f<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]lht aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

!#= Dfl0fkfn lzIf0f<br />

c:ktfnsf<br />

sd{rf/Lx¿åf/f<br />

c:ktfnsf ;Dk"0f{<br />

;]jfx¿ aGb ul/Psf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

!$ n}l‹s ;dfgtfsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

!% Rff}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf<br />

!^ lhNnfdf Dffgj<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hggfsf] cj:yf<br />

!&= ckfËtf ePsf<br />

JolQmx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<br />

dxf;lGw sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷(÷!(—@%<br />

@)&@÷!)÷$—%<br />

tgx' F /<br />

ndh'ª<br />

:ofªhf<br />

@)&@÷!)÷@^ sf:sL <strong>cfof</strong>]u / OG;]s<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!!<br />

kf]v/f, sf:sL<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!@— Tfgx'F<br />

!%<br />

@)&@÷!@÷#— ( d' ':tfª /<br />

dgfª<br />

@)&@÷!@÷@*<br />

@)&#÷@÷$—&<br />

afun'ª<br />

kj{t<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=<br />

;b:o ;'lbk<br />

kf7s;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

(116) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!*= ;To–lg?k0f tyf<br />

d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

/ a]kQf 5fgljg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ph"/Lsf]<br />

nflu ul/Psf]<br />

cfAxfgkl5 ph""/Lsf]<br />

cj:yf, kLl8tx¿sf]<br />

kx'Fr, k|efjsfl/tf Pj+<br />

sl7gfO<br />

!( rf}+yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfof{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

@) lhNnfsf] ;du| <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)&#÷@÷&<br />

afun'ª, kj{t<br />

/ sf:sL<br />

@)&#÷@÷!&—@# afun'ª /<br />

DofUbL<br />

@)&#÷@÷@%—@* tgx'F<br />

s]Gb|Lo<br />

sfof{nosf]<br />

;xsfo{df<br />

$=% If]sf, g]kfnu~h<br />

qm=;=<br />

!=<br />

cg'udgsf] ljifo<br />

—cv08 dWoklZrdsf]<br />

cg'udg ldlt<br />

@)&@÷$÷@&<br />

:yfg<br />

;'v]{t<br />

s}lkmot<br />

Dff=;b:o df]xgf<br />

dfu /fVb} ;'v]{tdf ul/Psf]<br />

aGb–x8\tfn / lj/f]w;ef<br />

—cfGbf]ngdf ;'/IffsdL{<br />

/ cfGbf]ngsf/LaLrsf]<br />

em8kdf k/L d[To'<br />

ePsfx¿sf] cj:yf<br />

/ @(<br />

cG;f/L;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

@=<br />

cv08 dWoklZrdsf] dfu<br />

/fVb} yf?x6 ;+o'Qm ;ª\3if{<br />

;ldlt afFs]åf/f ul/Psf]<br />

aGb<br />

@)&@÷$÷@(<br />

g]kfnu~h<br />

pkdxfgu/<br />

kflnsf If]q,<br />

xjNbf/k'/,<br />

sf]xnk'/<br />

gu/kfnLsf<br />

If]q,<br />

ags6jf /<br />

rKk/uf}8L<br />

#= lx/f;tsf] cj:yf @)&@÷$÷@( lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no<br />

;'v]{t, ;'v]{t<br />

Dff=;b:o df]xgf<br />

cG;f/L;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (117)


$= aGb–x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

%= aGb–x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

^= aGb–x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

&= s}nfnLsf] 6Lsfk'/<br />

36gfaf/] 3fOt] k|x/L ;'/<br />

IffsdL{x¿sf] cj:yf<br />

*= clglZrtsfnLg aGb–<br />

x8\tfn<br />

(= ;ª\3Lotf nufot ljleGg<br />

dfux¿ /fvL yf?x6 dw];<br />

;+o'Qm ;ª\3if{ ;ldltåf/f<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]lht aGb<br />

!)= ;'/IffsdL{ cfGbf]ngsf/LaLr<br />

ePsf] em8kdf uf]nL nfuL<br />

3fOt]sf] d[To' ;DaGwdf<br />

!!= cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿af6 k|xf/<br />

ul/Psf] 9'ª\uf nfuL<br />

Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf]<br />

elgPsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

@)&@÷$÷#) afFs] Dff=;b:o df]xgf<br />

cG;f/L;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷$÷#! afFs] /<br />

alb{of<br />

@)&@÷$÷#! afFs] /<br />

alb{of<br />

Dff=;b:o df]xgf<br />

cG;f/L;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

Dff=;b:o df]xgf<br />

cG;f/L;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷%÷* afFs] Dff=;b:o df]xgf<br />

cG;f/L;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷%÷( afFs] /<br />

alb{of<br />

@)&@÷%÷—<br />

@)&@÷%÷!*<br />

@)&@÷%÷!(<br />

—@!<br />

afFs] alb{of<br />

/ bfª<br />

alb{of<br />

afFs]<br />

!@= lx/f;tsf] cj:yf @)&@÷%÷@) lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no,<br />

afFs]<br />

!#= dw]; ;+o'Qm ;ª\3if{ ;ldlt<br />

afFs]åf/f ;+ljwfgsf]<br />

lj/f]wdf <strong>cfof</strong>]lht h'n';,<br />

¥ofnL / lj/f]w;ef<br />

!$= cf7 hgfsf] xTof / tLg<br />

hgf 3fOt] ePsf] 36gfsf<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@)&@÷%÷@(<br />

@)&@÷^÷!#—<br />

!^<br />

afFs]<br />

km"naf/L<br />

uflj;, bfª<br />

Dff=;b:o ;'lbk<br />

kf7s;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

(118) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!%= yf?x6 ;ª\3if{ ;ldlt<br />

bfªn] u/]sf] aGb<br />

x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

!^= afn ljjfx / n}lËs<br />

@)&@÷^÷!$<br />

—!%<br />

bfª<br />

lx+;fsf] cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷&÷!&—<br />

!(<br />

g]pnfk'/,<br />

alb{of<br />

!&= gfsfaGbLaf6 k/]sf] c;/ @)&@÷&÷!( hd'gfx<br />

gfsf, afFs]<br />

!*= gfsfaGbLaf6 k/]sf] c;/ @)&@÷&÷@# hd'gfx<br />

gfsf, afFs]<br />

!(= :jtGq dw]; u7aGwg<br />

afFs]n] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf u/]sf]<br />

Kn]sf8{;lxtsf] zflGtk"0f{<br />

¥ofnL<br />

@)=<br />

@!<br />

cfGbf]ng/t dw];L<br />

df]rf{sf sfo{stf{x¿n]<br />

u/]sf] hd'gfx gfsf<br />

cj/f]w ;DaGwdf<br />

cfGbf]ng/t dw];L<br />

df]rf{sf sfo{stf{x¿4f/f<br />

hd'gfx gfsf cj/f]w /<br />

gfsfaGbLsf] k|efjsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

@)&@÷*÷!)<br />

@)&@÷*÷!#<br />

@)&@÷*÷!%<br />

afFs]<br />

afFs]<br />

afFs]<br />

@@= OGwg ljt/0fsf] cj:yf @)&@÷*÷!% g]kfn cfon<br />

lgud, afFs]<br />

@# UofF; ljt/0fsf] cj:yf @)&@÷*÷!% e]/L UofF;<br />

pBf]u,<br />

g]kfnu~h,<br />

afFs]<br />

@$<br />

@%<br />

cfGbf]ng/t dw];L df]rf{sf<br />

sfo{stf{x¿4f/f hd'gfx<br />

gfsf cj/f]w / gfsfaGbLsf]<br />

k|efj<br />

g]kfn <strong>dfgj</strong> wd{ ;]jf<br />

;dfh4f/f <strong>cfof</strong>]lht ¥ofnL<br />

/ sn; ofqf<br />

@)&@÷*÷!&<br />

@)&@÷)*÷<br />

!*<br />

afFs]<br />

afFs]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (119)


@^<br />

@&<br />

@*<br />

@(<br />

cfGbf]ng/t dw];L df]rf{sf<br />

sfo{stf{x¿4f/f hd'gfx<br />

gfsf cj/f]w / gfsfaGbLsf]<br />

k|efj<br />

k|x/L4f/f ugfk'/sf :yfgLo<br />

JolQmx¿ w/ks8 ul/Psf]<br />

elgPsf] 36gf<br />

dw];L df]rf{4f/f hd'gfx<br />

gfsfdf ul/Psf] cj/f]w /<br />

To;af6 l;lh{t cj:yf<br />

emf8f–kvfnfsf] k|sf]kaf6<br />

l;lh{t cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷*÷!*<br />

@)&@÷*÷@^<br />

@)&@÷(÷!@<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!)<br />

—!^<br />

#) <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> @)&@÷!!÷!)<br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog —!^<br />

cj:yf<br />

#! k|x/L lx/f;tsf] cj:yf @)&@÷!!÷!)<br />

– !^<br />

#@ sf/fuf/ sfof{no / y'gfdf<br />

/x]sf aGbL tyf y'g'jfsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

## Pl;8 cfqmd0faf6 3fOt]<br />

dlxnfsf] cj:yf<br />

#$ /fhfk'/If]qsf a;f]af;<br />

ub]{ cfPsf cNk;ª\Vos<br />

;f]gfx hfltx¿sf] cfly{s<br />

;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

#% xTof ÷ cfTdxTof<br />

elgPsf] 36gf<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!)<br />

—!^<br />

@)&@÷!!÷@(<br />

@)&@÷!@÷#—<br />

^<br />

@)&@÷!@÷!#<br />

—@!<br />

#^ @)&@ sf] k|j]lzsf k/LIff @)&@÷!@÷!*<br />

—@%<br />

afFs]<br />

afFs]<br />

afFs]<br />

nsfGb|,<br />

tf]nLh};L,<br />

b}n]v<br />

b}n]v<br />

lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no,<br />

b}n]v<br />

b}n]v<br />

alb{of<br />

;Nofg<br />

afFs], bfª,<br />

;Nofg /<br />

?s'dsf<br />

ljleGg<br />

s]Gb|x¿<br />

(120) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


#& k|x/L lx/f;t cj:yf @)&@÷!@÷!# lhNNff k|x/L<br />

sfof{no,<br />

;Nofg<br />

#* sf/fuf/df y'gfdf /x]sf<br />

y'g'jf tyf aGbLx¿sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

#( k|x/L lx/f;t / y'gfdf<br />

/x]sf y'g'jfx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

$) :yfgLo ;/f]sf/<br />

jfnf÷ ljB't pkef]Qmf<br />

;d"xn] ljB't sfof{no,<br />

g]kfnu~hdf nf]8;]l8ªaf/]<br />

k|d'v lhNnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/LnfO{<br />

1fkgkq<br />

$! —k'k{Ifdf /x]sf b'O{<br />

gfafnssf] cj:yf<br />

—g]kfnu~h afFs]sf]<br />

sf/fuf/ s}bLaGbLsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

$@ ;To–lg?k0f / a]kQf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{<br />

k|lqmofdf kLl8tx¿sf]<br />

kx"Frsf] cj:yf<br />

$# dfof ;<strong>bg</strong> afn ;+/If0f<br />

u[xsf] cj:yf<br />

$$= —lhNnfdf <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg<br />

tyf cf];f/k;f/<br />

—dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf<br />

$%= <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg tyf<br />

cf];f/k;f/<br />

@)&@÷!@÷!#<br />

@)&@÷!@÷@#<br />

lhNnf<br />

sf/fuf/,<br />

;Nofg<br />

@)&#÷!÷^ afFs]<br />

@)&#÷!÷@$<br />

lhNNff k|x/L<br />

sfof{no,<br />

afFs]<br />

afFs]<br />

@)&#÷!÷#) kmQ]k'/ /<br />

a}hfk'/, afFs]<br />

@)&#÷@÷$,<br />

@)&#÷@÷%—(<br />

@)&#÷@÷^<br />

afFs]<br />

bfª<br />

bfª<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (121)


$^= —;To–lg?k0f / a]kQf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{<br />

k|lqmofdf kLl8tx¿sf]<br />

kx"Frsf] cj:yf<br />

—<strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg tyf<br />

cf];f/k;f/<br />

—dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yf<br />

$&= g]kfnu~hl:yt /fFemfb]lv<br />

hd'gfx;Ddsf] ;8s<br />

v08 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn]<br />

u'0f:t/xLg ;8s lgdf{0f<br />

u/]sf] lj/f]wdf lgsflnPsf]<br />

lj/f]w—ofnL<br />

$*= —<strong>dfgj</strong> a]rljvg tyf<br />

cf];f/k;f/sf] cj:yf<br />

—;To–lg?k0f tyf<br />

5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ph"/L<br />

u|x0f k|lqmof<br />

$(= —lhNnfl:yt ef/tsf]<br />

;LdfIf]qsf] d'lt{of<br />

gfsfdf gful/sx¿sf]<br />

cfjthfjtsf] cj:yf<br />

— <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

%)= —åGåkLl8tx¿sf] cj:yf,<br />

—;To–lg?k0f tyf<br />

5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ph"/L<br />

u|x0f k|lqmofdf pgLx¿sf]<br />

;xeflutf<br />

@)&#÷@÷%—(<br />

@)&#÷@÷!!<br />

@)&#÷@÷!&<br />

@)&#÷@÷!&<br />

@)&#÷@÷!&<br />

bfª<br />

afFs]<br />

alb{of<br />

alb{of<br />

/fhfk'/If]q,<br />

alb{of<br />

$=^ If]sf, wgu9L<br />

qm=;=<br />

!=<br />

cg'udgsf] ljifo<br />

aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

ldlt<br />

@)&@÷$÷@$—@%<br />

:yfg<br />

s}nfnL /<br />

s}lkmot<br />

@=<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷$÷#!—#@<br />

s~rgk'/<br />

6Lsfk'/, s}nfnL<br />

(122) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


#= aGbdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

$= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

% n}lËs ;dfgtfsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

^= af9LkLl8tsf]<br />

;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf]<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:Yff<br />

&= blnt ;d'bfosf]<br />

k|j]zsf] qmddf<br />

blnt / u}/blnt<br />

;d'bfoaLr ePsf]<br />

em8k<br />

*= lhNnf sf/fuf/sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

(= lhNnf c:ktfnsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

!)= 6Lsfk'/ 36\gfkZrft\<br />

ePsf] clUg<br />

kLl8tx¿sf] cj:yf<br />

!!= lhNnfdf dlxnf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

!@= Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

!#= <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rljvgsf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

!$= —<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

)&@÷$÷#!—#@ s}nfnL df= ;b:o<br />

df]xgf cG;f/L<br />

;lxtsf] 6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷%÷&—@( s}nfnL df= ;b:o ;'lbk<br />

kf7s;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷^÷@^—@* s}nfnL /<br />

s~rgk'/<br />

@)&@÷&÷!^—!( s}nfnL,<br />

s~rgk'/<br />

@)&@÷&÷@*—#)<br />

z}n]Zj/L dlGb/,<br />

8f]6L<br />

@)&@÷*÷@% afh'/f df= ;b:o<br />

k|sfz j:tL<br />

;lxtsf] 6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷*÷@% afh'/f df= ;b:o<br />

k|sfz j:tL<br />

;lxtsf] 6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷*÷@* s}nfnL df= ;b:o<br />

k|sfz j:tL<br />

;lxtsf] 6f]nL<br />

@)&@÷(÷!#—!& Af}t8L<br />

@)&@÷(÷@%—#)<br />

@)&@÷!!÷@&<br />

@)&#÷!÷!!<br />

Affh'/f<br />

s}nfnL<br />

s}nfnL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (123)


!%= —endG;f k|yfdf @)&#÷!÷!& s}nfnL b'O{ j6f cg'udg<br />

b]vfk/]sf] c;/<br />

— clUg kLl8tx¿sf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

!^= sf/fuf/sf] cj:yf @)&#÷!÷@% lhNnf sf/fuf/,<br />

!&= lhNNffdf<br />

4GbkLl8tx¿sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

!*= lhNnfdf :yfgLo<br />

zflGt ;ldltdf<br />

Af]kQf tyf ;To–<br />

lg?k0fdf k/]sf<br />

ph"/Lsf] cj:yf<br />

!(= lhNnfdf :yfgLo<br />

zflGt ;ldltdf<br />

Af]kQf tyf ;To–<br />

lg?k0fdf k/]sf<br />

ph"/Lsf] cj:yf<br />

@) lhNnfdf :yfgLo<br />

zflGt ;ldltdf<br />

Af]kQf tyf ;To–<br />

lg?k0fdf k/]sf<br />

ph"/Lsf] cj:yf<br />

@! OlGhlgo/nfO{<br />

sfnf]df];f] bn]sf]<br />

elgPsf] 36gf<br />

@)&#÷@÷$<br />

@)&#÷@÷%<br />

@)&#÷@÷&<br />

@)&#÷@÷@(<br />

s~rgk'/<br />

Aflb{of<br />

s}nfnL<br />

s~rgk'/<br />

88]Nw'/f<br />

Wfgu9L, s}nfnL<br />

$=& pkIf]sf, vf]6fª<br />

qm= cg'udgsf] ljifo ldlt :yfg s}lkmot<br />

;=<br />

!= aGb–x8tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong> @)&@÷$÷#!—#@ vf]6fª<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@ aGb–x8tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷%÷!^ vf]6fª<br />

(124) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


# <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ @)&@÷%÷!^ vf]6fª<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

$ :jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ @)&@÷*÷!% vf]6fª<br />

% n}lËs lx+;f @)&@÷(÷$— !) cf]vn9'Ëf<br />

^ n}lËs lx+;f @)&@÷(÷!# ;f]n'v'Da'<br />

& n}lËs lx+;f @)&@÷(÷!* vf]6fª<br />

* UofF; tyf k]6«f]lnod @)&@.*.@* vf]6fª<br />

kbf{ysf] cfk'lt{sf]<br />

cj:yf<br />

( n}lËs lx+;f @)&@÷(÷@@ ef]hk'/<br />

lhNnfdf <strong>dfgj</strong> @)&@÷!)÷@&— ef]hk'/ df= ;b:o >L<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf !!—@<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{<br />

kf}8Øfn;lxtsf]<br />

6f]nL<br />

!)= lhNnfdf <strong>dfgj</strong> @)&@÷!!÷#)— ;f]n'v'Da'<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf !@—^<br />

!!= —b'O{ dlxnfdfly @)&#÷!÷@^ vf]6fª<br />

ePsf] elgPsf]<br />

s'6lk6÷b'Jo{axf/<br />

—o; ljifodf hfx]/L<br />

btf{ gu/L bafadf<br />

ldnfkq u/fOPsf]<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

$=* pkIf]sf, a'6jn<br />

qm= cg'udgsf] ljifo ldlt :yfg s}lkmot<br />

;=<br />

! t/fO{df rln/x]sf] dw];<br />

cfGbf]ngdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷%÷@%—^—! Gfjnk/f;L /<br />

?kGb]xL<br />

s]Gb|Lo<br />

sfof{no<br />

/ If]qLo<br />

sfof{no<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (125)


@ t/fO{df rln/x]sf] dw];<br />

cfGbf]ngdf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

# <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf<br />

l;kmfl/;x¿sf]<br />

sfof{Gogsf] cj:yf<br />

$ lghL ljBfnodf afn<br />

;'ne jftfj/0f Pjd\<br />

k|;'lt <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷^÷#—^—@) Gfjnk/f;L,<br />

?kGb]xL /<br />

slknj:t'<br />

@)&@÷&÷!^—&— slknj:t'<br />

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( !# jlif{of aflnsfnfO{ @)&@÷!@÷@% gjnk/f;L<br />

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<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

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(126) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!$ :fTolg?k0f tyf a]kQf<br />

cfuf]<strong>usf</strong>] zflGt :fldltdf<br />

k/]sf ph""/Lsf] cj:yf /<br />

kLl8tsf] kx'Fr<br />

!% :fTolg?k0f tyf a]kQf<br />

cfuf]<strong>usf</strong>] zflGt :fldltdf<br />

k/]sf ph""/Lsf] cj:yf /<br />

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cj:yf<br />

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d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

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/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (127)


cg';"rL—%<br />

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(128) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (129)


#<br />

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(130) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

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cg';Gwfg ;DkGg<br />

hDdf $ ph"/Lpk/<br />

cg';Gwfg ;DkGg


#<br />

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!%= ckx/0f @)&@÷(÷!*—@$ s}nfnL<br />

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!(= sf/fuf/df cfTdxTof @)&@÷(÷!*—@$ s}nfnL<br />

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/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (131)


@@= Kf|x/Laf6 oftgf @)&@÷(÷!*—@$ s~rgk'/<br />

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@$= Kf|x/Laf6 oftgf @)&@÷(÷!*—@$ s~rgk'/<br />

@%= ;]gf4f/f oftgf @)&@÷(÷!*—@$ s~rgk'/<br />

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@(= c1ft ;d"xaf6 Af]kQf @)&@÷!)÷!# s}nfnL<br />

#)=<br />

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#@= lzIfsaf6 s'6lk6 @)&@÷!)÷!$ s}nfnL<br />

##= c1ft ;d"xaf6 Af]kQf @)&@÷!)÷!$—!% s}nfnL<br />

#$= ;'/IfsdL{af6 a]kQf @)&@÷!!÷!@ s}nfnL<br />

#%= sDn/Lsf] cj:yf @)&@÷!!÷!# s}nfnL<br />

#^= a]rljvg cj:yf @)&÷.!!÷!$ s}nfnL<br />

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$@= g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 xTof @)&#÷!÷ Aflb{of<br />

$#= g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 xTof @)&#÷!÷ Aflb{of<br />

$$= bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf d[To' @)&#÷!÷ Aflb{of<br />

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(132) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


%!=<br />

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ph"/Lpk/<br />

cg';Gwfg ;DkGg<br />

hDdf & j6f<br />

ph"/Lpk/<br />

cg';Gwfg ;DkGg<br />

hDdf ^ j6f<br />

ph"/Lpk/<br />

cg';Gwfg ;DkGg<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (133)


^=<br />

&=<br />

*=<br />

(=<br />

!)=<br />

tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–af6<br />

;DklQ sAhf÷<br />

lj:yflkt<br />

tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–af6<br />

;DklQ sAhf<br />

tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–af6<br />

ckx/0f<br />

—dlxnf lx+;f÷3/]n'<br />

lx+;f—@<br />

—j}b]lzs /f]huf/—!<br />

ckx/0f, lj:<br />

yflkt / Gofo<br />

k|zf;g<br />

@)&@÷(÷$<br />

cf]vn9'Ëf<br />

— cf]vn9'Ëf<br />

@)&#÷@÷$—!!<br />

@)&#÷#÷%—!)<br />

—<br />

cf]vn9'Ëf<br />

vf]6fª<br />

cf]vn9'Ëf÷<br />

vf]6fª÷<br />

ef]hk'/÷<br />

;f]n'v'Da'<br />

hDdf # j6f<br />

ph"/Lpk/<br />

cg';Gwfg ;DkGg<br />

hDdf $)<br />

j6f ph""/Lpk/<br />

cg';Gwfg ;DkGg<br />

%=* pkIf]sf, h'Dnf<br />

qm=;= cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo cg';Gwfg ldlt :yfg s}lkmot<br />

! lknL 36gf @)&@÷^÷&—!# dfGd, sflnsf]6<br />

(134) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


cg';"rL—^<br />

ph"/Lpk/ l;kmfl/z / km5\of}{6<br />

;'/IffsdL{af6 xTof<br />

1_ lhNnf s}nfnL /fdlzv/emfnf uflj; j8f g+= ^ u0f]zk'/ 3/ eO{ hgdf]rf{<br />

g]kfnsf sfo{stf{ tyf cg]/f:jljo' -PsLs[t_ s}nfnLsf lhNnf ;b:o 1fg]Gb|<br />

xdfn M— g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ sf] wf/f @$( sf] pkwf/f -@_ v08<br />

-u_ adf]lhd g]kfnL ;]gf ;'v8 a]; SofDksf tTsfnLg k|d'v;d]taf6 a'emL<br />

bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

2_ l;Gw'nL lhNnf c?0f7fs'/ uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] ;f]daxfb'/ ;'g'jf/ M—<br />

tf/f3f/L Jof/]s l;Gw'nLsf tTsfnLg k|d'v / lghdfkm{t 36gfdf ;+nUg cGo<br />

;'/IffsdL{sf] klxrfg u/L sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ / d[tssf kl/jf/sf]<br />

e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu ?=tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

3_ l;Gw'nL lhNnf 9f6L ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt * a:g] /fhgf/fo0f ;bf d';x/<br />

M— tf/f3f/L Jof/]s l;Gw'nLsf tTsfnLg k|d'v / lgh dfkm{t 36gfdf ;+nUg<br />

;'/IffsdL{sf] klxrfg u/L sf/afxL ug{ / d[tssf kl/jf/sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu<br />

?=tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

4_ l;Gw'nL lhNnf c?0f7fs'/ uflj; j8f g+= % hnlsgL a:g] b]jaxfb'/ ;'g'jf/<br />

M—tf/f3f/L Jof/]ssf tTsfnLg k|d'v / lgh dfkm{t 36gfdf ;+nUg ;'/IffsdL{sf]<br />

klxrfg u/L sf/afxL ug{ / d[tssf kLl8t kl/jf/sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu ?= tLg<br />

nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

5_ bf]nvf lhNnf £ofª ;'sf7f]s/ uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_– sf<br />

sfo{stf{ lj1fg 9sfn eGg] lji0f'k|;fb 9sfn M—;f] 36gfdf bf]ifL b]lvPsf<br />

lvDtL 8Øfdsf ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf kFnftL Jof/]ssf k|d'v / lghdfkm{t 36gfdf<br />

;+nUg ;'/IffsdL{sf] klxrfg u/L sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ / kLl8t kl/jf/sf]<br />

e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu ?=tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (135)


^_ s}nfnL lhNnf rf}dfnf uflj; 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}F a:g] afns[i0f zfxsf] 3/df<br />

& jif{b]lv 3/]n' sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf sfo{/t d]3L rf}w/Lsf] d[To' ;DaGwdf<br />

pQm 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg x'Fbf cfTdxTof ug'{ kgf{sf] sf/0f;d]tsf]<br />

vf]hL ug{ / ;f]xLadf]lhd cg';Gwfg ug{ g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;'emfj l<strong>bg</strong>] gLltut<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] . o;sf cltl/Qm g]kfn ;/sf/n] sd}of / sdn/L d'Qm ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

u/L ;s]kl5 klg o; k|sf/sf 36gf eO/x]sf]n] cfjZos sfg"g / gLlt th'{df<br />

u/L nfu" ug{, d'Qm sd}of sdn/Lsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/<br />

u/L ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

gLltut l;kmfl/; ug] { / kLl8t cfl>t kl/jf/sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu plrt<br />

Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

&_ bf]nvf lhNnf 3\ofª ;'sf7f]s/ uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_<br />

sfo{stf{ lj1fg eGg] lji0f'k|;fb 9sfn;d]t M— tTsfnLg knftL Jof/]ssf<br />

k|d'vdfkm{t 36gfdf ;+nUg ;'/IffsdL{sf] klxrfg u/L sf/afxL ug{ / kLl8t<br />

kl/jf/sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu hgxL tLg÷tLg nfvsf b/n] Ifltk"lt{ pknAw<br />

u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*_ nlntk'/ lhNnf 3';]n uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] km'ndfof :ofªtfª M—pQm 36gfdf<br />

bf]ifL b]lvPsf JolQmx¿dWo] uf]df 3tL{ du/ tTsfnLg cj:yfdf gfafns g}<br />

/x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] cGo klxrfg ePsf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ / lghx¿dfkm{t cGo<br />

bf]ifLsf] klxrfg u/L sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ / d[tssf cfl>t kl/jf/sf]<br />

e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu ?= tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] . ;fy} ;z:q åGådf afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u u/]sf]<br />

kfOPsf]n] tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf] g]t[TjnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg n]vL k7fpg]<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(_ /fd]5fk lhNnf k'/fgfufpF uflj; j8f g+= % 3/ eO{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; zflGt<br />

k|lqmof Pj+ åGå kLl8t cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf]<br />

¿kdf sfo{/t 6Lsf/fh cf/fg M— pQm 36gfdf ;+nUg cleo'Qmx¿sf] klxrfg<br />

u/L cGo cleo'Qmx¿ eP cf/f]lkt pNn]lvt JolQmx¿af6 ;d]t vf]Ng nufO{<br />

u/L sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ / kLl8t kl/jf/sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu ?= tLg<br />

nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)_ alb{of lhNnf j]njf uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] d+un k|;fb yf? M— ;z:q åGåsf]<br />

;dodf ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L lx/fztdf /fv]sf] / oftgf lbPsf] a'lemg cfPsf]n]<br />

kLl8tnfO{ ?= Ps nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(136) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!!_ alb{of lhNnf wwjf/ uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] ljhos'df/ yf? M— kLl8tsf]<br />

/fxtsf] nflu ?=Ps nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg / lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo pkrf/sf]<br />

Joj:yf ldnfpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@_ alb{of lhNnf /fhfk'/ gkf j8f g+= @ a:g] uofk|;fb rf}w/L M— cf}ifwL pkrf/df<br />

nfu]sf] vr{, eljiodf lgMz'Ns pkrf/ u/fpg / kLl8tnfO{ ?=Ps nfv Ifltk"lt{<br />

pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#_ s~rgk'/ lhNnf /fdk'/ ljnf;k'/ uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] jln/fd rf}w/L M— ?=<br />

Ps nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg / lghsf] pkrf/df nfu]sf] vr{;lxt lgMz'Ns<br />

pkrf/sf] k|jGw ug{ u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!$_ h'Dnf lhNnf ;lgufp uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] nId0f /f]sfof M— ? Ps nfv<br />

Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!%_ h'Dnf lhNnf lj/f6 uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] df]tLnfn vqL M— ;'/IffsdL{n]<br />

eL8 lgoGq0f ubf{ sfg"gadf]lhd k|fKt <strong>clwsf</strong>/afx]s cTolws an k|of]u gug{<br />

gu/fpg ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!^_ bf]nvf lhNnf xfjf uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] jif{ $^ sf] nf]s]{axfb'/ ljZjsdf{<br />

M— pQm 36gfdf bf]ifL b]lvPsf tTsfnLg lvDtL 8\ofd ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf knftL<br />

Jof/]ssf k|d'vnfO{ sf/afxL u/L lghdfkm{t sf] s;sf] ;+nUgtf 5 eGg] ;d]t<br />

v'nfpg nufO{ bf]ifLsf] klxrfg u/L sf/afxL ug{ / d[tssf kLl8t kl/jf/sf]<br />

e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu ?=tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg / oftgf kLl8tnfO{<br />

plrt Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!&_ kqsf/ lvngfy 9sfn M— sf] 36gf ;DaGwdf 5fgljg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6<br />

sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljef<strong>usf</strong> dxf lgb]{zs b'uf{k|;fb e08f/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf<br />

;ldlt;d]t u7g eO{ ;f] ;ldltn] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t k]z ul/;s]sf] kfOPsf]n] ;f]<br />

;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf] ;'emfj / l;kmfl/; v08df pNn]lvt ;'emfj<br />

tyf l;kmfl/;sf] sfof{Gjog u/L pQm <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf a'Fbf nfu" ug{ u/fpg g]kfn<br />

;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!*_ alb{of lhNnf jugfx uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] rGb| nfld5fg] M— bf]ifLsf] klxrfg<br />

u/L sf/afxL ug{ / kLl8tnfO{ ;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]zcg';f/<br />

?= Ps nfv /fxt pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug] { lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!(_ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf b'O{ lkkn uflj; j8f g+= * d';'/] 3/ eO{ tf/fbn u0f b]jL3f6<br />

Jof/]s, g'jfsf]6df sfo{/t ;/f]h tfdfª M— pQm 36gfdf klxrfg ePsf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (137)


tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_– sf O~rfh{ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf b'O{ lkkn uflj; &<br />

a:g] lbjfs/ eGg] /fdz/0f ;'j]bL;d]taf6 36gfdf bf]ifL /x]sf cGo dfcf]jfbL<br />

sfo{stf{;d]tsf] klxrfg u/L sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ / kLl8t kl/jf/sf]<br />

e/0fkf]if0fsf] nflu ?= tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

@)_ lhNnf s}nfnL b/v uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] nf]s]Gb| dNnnfO{ @)%(÷*÷@% ut]<br />

a}t8L lhNnfaf6 s}nfnL lhNnfsf] Go'v8tkm{ cfpFb} ubf{ 88]Nw'/f lhNnf cd/u9L<br />

gu/kflnsfsf] r]s kf]i6sf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ljb|f]xL kIf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf]<br />

cfzª\sfdf kqmfp u/L lx/fztdf oftgf lbPsf] tLg dlxgfkl5 sf/fuf/ sfof{no<br />

88]Nw'/faf6 l/xf eO{ 3/df a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] cj:yfdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf<br />

sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L lg3f{t s'6lk6sf] sf/0f v'§f;d]t efFlrPsf] sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\ ePsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Ldf ph" "/L kg{ cfO{<br />

cg';Gwfg ubf{ cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf a'lemPsf JolQmx¿sf] aofg pkrf/ u/fPsf]<br />

sfuhft, kqklqsfdf tTsfn k|sflzt ;dfrf/ / ljleGg /fhgLlts bnaf6<br />

ePsf l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ;'/IffsdL{ / dfcf]jfbLsf] oftgf s'6lk6sf] sf/0f<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3g ePsf] b]lvFbf ?=Ps nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg,<br />

lghsf] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yof]krf/sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg, oftgf l<strong>bg</strong> ;+nUg ;'/IffsdL{<br />

/ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{nfO{ klxrfg u/L sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{<br />

u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

@!_ a}t8L lhNnf b'uf{:yfg uflj; j8f g+= * 3/ eO{ s~rgk'/ lhNnf ledbQ<br />

gkf j8f g+= ^ a:g] kbd eGg] em';L rGbnfO{ @)%(÷^÷!) ut]sf l<strong>bg</strong> g]kfn<br />

k|x/Lsf] xjNbf/ kbaf6 avf{:t u/]sf] ljifodf k'g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> ug{ k'g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> cbfnt<br />

dx]Gb|gu/ hfg nfu]sf] a]nf dx]Gb|gu/ ahf/af6 ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf<br />

kf/]sf]n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Ldf ph"/L<br />

btf{ x'g cfPsf] . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sGrgk'/sf] @)^#÷$÷@@ sf] kq x]bf{<br />

lgh em';L rGb -s= kbd_ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg -lk=Pn=P=_<br />

/xL lh=sGrgk'/ emnf/L uflj;cGtu{t j]N8f8L Onfsfdf @)%(÷^÷@# ut]<br />

u:tLdf /x]sf] ;'/Iffkmf}hnfO{ nlIft u/L ;s]6 ad k|xf/ ubf{ ePsf] bf]xf]/f]<br />

le8Gtdf k/L d[To' ePsf] eGg] a'lemg cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6<br />

36gf:yn nufot k|ToIfbzL{af6 k|fKt tYo x]bf{ /f]Nkfdf sfo{/t ePsf]<br />

cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbL;Fu bf]xf]/f] eL8Gtdf k/]kl5 dfgl;s c;Gt'ng ePsf],<br />

wgu9Ldf ;?jf ePkl5 sfof{no k|d'v;Fu ljjfb eO{ gf]s/Laf6 @)%( c;f/df<br />

jvf{:t ul/Psf], tTkZrft\ s]xL ;do j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf b'jOdf<br />

sfd u/L 3/ kmls{cfPsf] / lghnfO{ @)%( ;fn c;f]h !) ut] ck/fGx $ ah]<br />

(138) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


3/ glhs} dfdf3/df hfG5' egL lxF8]sf], lghnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] s'/f lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no sGrgk'/df sfo{/t sd{rf/Laf6 yfxf kfPsf], ef]lnkN6 c1ft :yntkm{<br />

nu]sf] cj:yfdf bf]xf]/f] eL8Gtdf d[To' ePsf] eGg] tYo;Fu kTof/ nfUbf] b]lvPg .<br />

lghn] /fHoaf6 /fxt;d]t k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvFbf / kfl/jfl/s cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf]<br />

eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]n] Ifltk"lt{ ?= tLg nfv pknAw u/fpg, bf]ifLsf] klxrfg<br />

u/L sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ / kLl8tsf] cfl>t afnaflnsfsf] k7gkf7gsf]<br />

lgMz'Ns Joj:yf ldnfpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

@@_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf s]/jfgL uflj; j8f g+= @ lgjf;L j]b k|;fb /]UdLnfO{ @)^!÷!÷@@<br />

ut] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L sAhfdf lnO{ bflxg] v'§fdf<br />

kmnfd] 58n] lxsf{O 3fOt] agfPsf], åGåsf] qf;sf] sf/0f ;k/Ljf/ lj:yflkt<br />

eO{ sf7df8f}F a:g]' k/]sf]n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L<br />

btf{ x'g cfPsf], lgh j]bk|;fb /]UdL oftgfsf] sf/0f ckfË ePsf] sf/0f lhNnf<br />

k|zf;g sfof{no ?kGb]xLaf6 ?= (),))).— cfly{s ;xfotf k|fKt u/]sf] eGg]<br />

/ yk ?= #),%)).— ;d]t /fxt k|fKt u/]sf] k|df0f ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftaf6<br />

b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . åGå/t kIf tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf] ;f] sfo{ h]g]ef<br />

dxf;lGw !($( sf] ;femf wf/f # ljk/Lt eO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgljo sfg"gsf]<br />

pNnª\3g ePsf] b]lvFbf 36gfdf ;+nUg bf]ifLsf] klxrfg u/L sfg"gadf]lhd<br />

sf/afxL ug{, kLl8tnfO{ ?=Ps nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg / lghsf] lgMz'Ns<br />

:jf:Yof]krf/sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

@#_ lhNnf /fd]5fk ;}k' uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] l8NnLdfof tfdfªsL 5f]/L jif{ !$<br />

sL ;'GtnL tfdfªnfO{ ;f]xL uflj; j8f g+= ! sf] v'b'{sL eGg] :yfgdf P]= P]=<br />

a:g] Zofd /fptn] st{Jo u/L df/]sf] / ;f] 36gfpk/ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no<br />

/fd]5fkdf k6s k6s ls6fgL hfx]/L bvf{:t lbPsf]df hfx]/L bvf{:t lng<br />

OGsf/ u/]sf] ls6fgL hfx]/Lpk/ k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg gu/]sf], tTsfnLg k|x/L<br />

k|d'v ;l~hj zdf{ bf;n] cleo'QmnfO{ kqmfp gu/]sf] sf/0f Gofo kfpgaf6<br />

jl~rt ePsf], cf/f]lkt Zofd /fptsf] kl/jf/sf] 8/wDsLsf] sf/0f al;/x]sf]<br />

:yfgaf6 lj:yflkt eO{ l;Gw'nL lhNnfdf a:g] afWo ePsf]n] 36gfsf] k|efjsf/L<br />

cg';Gwfg ug{ nufO{ cfˆg} 3/df a:g] ;Sg] jftfj/0f ldnfO{ kfpFm eGg] ;d]t<br />

Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf] ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfg<br />

x'Fbf st{Jo Hofgh:tf] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf hfx]/L bvf{:t btf{ u/L<br />

tTsfn cg';Gwfg ug'{kg]{df tTsfnLg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f<br />

!#@ sf] pkwf/f @ -v_ / jt{dfg g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] wf/f @$( sf]<br />

pkwf/f @ -v_ ljk/Lt pbfl;gtf b]vfPsf]n] /fd]5fk lhNnfsf tTsfnLg k|x/L<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (139)


gfoj pk/LIfs ;l~hj zdf{ bf;nfO{ ljefluo sf/afxLsf nflu kqfrf/ ug]{ /<br />

36gfsf] k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg u/L d[tssf xsjfnfnfO{ af/f sn}ofsL aflnsf<br />

k"hf ;fxnfO{ o:t} k|s[ltsf] 36gfdf pknAw u/fP;/x /fxt Ifltk"lt{ pknAw<br />

u/fpg ;fy} kLl8t k/Ljf/n] Gofosf] vf]hLdf u/]sf] vr{ / cfGtl/s ¿kdf<br />

lj:yflkt ePsf] cj:yfdf ePsf] cfly{s Iflt;d]tsf] d"Nofª\sg u/L /fxt<br />

Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

@$_ lhNnf df]/ª l;h'jf uflj; j8f g+= # l:yt lrof k;n u/L a:g] jif{ %& sf]<br />

dw' tfhk'l/ofnfO{ dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L xf]xNnf u/]sf] eGg] cf/f]kdf Onfsf<br />

k|x/L sfof{no l;h'jf df]/ªaf6 @)&!÷&÷& ut] lbpF;f] $ ah] lghsf] 3/<br />

glhs} ;+rflnt cf]d zflGt wfld{s sfo{qmd :ynaf6 kqmfp u/L lx/fztdf<br />

/fv]sf] cj:yfdf lj/fdL k/L lghsf] cj:yf uDeL/ eO{ pkrf/sf] nflu sf]zL<br />

c~rn c:ktfn n}hfb} ubf{ d[To' ePsf]n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f u/L kfpFm egL<br />

o; <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], k|x/L lx/fztdf k|x/Lsf] nfk/jfxLsf] sf/0f<br />

d[To' ePsf] b]lvFbf d[tssf sfg"gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ ?= tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{<br />

pknAw u/fpg, Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf tTsfnLg k|d'v afa'/fd kf]v/]nnfO{<br />

;r]t u/fpg / lx/fztdf lnOg] JolQmsf] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f / kf]i6df6{d k|lqmofdf<br />

;d]t nfk/afxL b]lvPsf]n] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f / kf]i6df6{d <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>nfO{ sfg"gcg'¿k<br />

x'g] u/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;fy} :jf:Yo dGqfnodfkm{t d]l8sf] lnun ;DaGwL tflnd,<br />

ef}lts ;+:yfdf ;'wf/sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ gLltut l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

@%_ lhNnf sf/fuf/ sfof{no l;Gw'nLdf y'gfdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf ldlt @)^(÷(÷!*<br />

ut] /ftL aGbLx¿aLr em8k eO{ y'g'jf rf}lsbf/ lg/h b]jsf]6fsf] d[To'<br />

ePsfdf pQm 36gfsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no hgsk'/;d]taf6 vl6Psf]<br />

6f]nLn] cg'udgkZrft\ k]z u/]sf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>sf] cfwf/df ph"/L u|x0f ul/Psf]<br />

pQm 36gfdf k/L d[To' ePsf lg/h b]jsf]6fsf] cfl>t k/Ljf/sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf]<br />

nflu sfg"gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ ?= tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg /<br />

36gfdf k/L 3fOt] ePsf JolQmnfO{ ? @% xhf/sf b/n] pknAw u/fpg /<br />

sf/fuf/ sfof{no l;Gw'nLsf tTsfnLg k|d'v / sf/fuf/sf] ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf<br />

;'/Iff k|d'vnfO{ ljefluo sf/afxL u/L sf/fuf/leq x'g] u}/sfg"gL lqmofsnfk<br />

/f]Sg plrt ;+oGq / ;'/Iff Joj:yf ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

@^_ lhNnf vf]6fª kfy]sf uflj; a:g] e'b]p eGg] ls/0f /fO{sf] k|x/Lsf] s'6lk6af6<br />

lx/fztdf d[To' ePsf] eGg] ph"/L ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfg u/L g]kfn<br />

;/sf/nfO{ ePsf] l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog gePsf] sf/0f Gofo kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/af6<br />

(140) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


jl~rt ePsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pkIf]qLo sfof{no vf]6fªdf btf{ ePsf] ph"/Lsf]<br />

;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'Fbf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 @)&)÷$÷#) df<br />

bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL / kLl8tnfO{ ?= tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg l;kmfl/;<br />

ePsf] x'Fbf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd tTsfn hfx]/L bvf{:t btf{ u/L sf/<br />

afxL ug{ u/fpg k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqk/Lifbsf] sfof{nonfO{ lgb]{zg l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o<br />

eof] .<br />

@&_ lhNnf s}nfnL x;'lnof uflj; j8f g+= % x;'lnof jhf/ a:g]] /3'jL/<br />

rf}w/LnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / ;'/IffsdL{af6 b'Mv x}/fgL lbPsf]n]<br />

ef/tdf uO{ sfd ub}{ cfO{/x]sf], ldlt @)^!÷!)÷# ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L<br />

u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /fvL k/Ljf/sf ;b:onfO{ ;d]t e]63f6 ug{ glbPsf]n] cj:yf<br />

;fj{hlgs u/L kfpFm egL ph"/L k/]sf]df xfn ;hfo e'Qmfg u/L :jtGqk"j{s<br />

k]zfJoj;fo u/L a;]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

@*_ lhNnf alb{of uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] an/fd s]=;L=nfO{ ldlt @)^*÷!)÷@@<br />

ut] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no df]tLk'/ alb{ofsf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L lx/fztdf<br />

/fvL oftgf lbPsf]df 5fgljg u/L kfpmF egL ldlt @)^*÷!!÷!( df ph"/L<br />

btf{ eO{ sf/afxL x'Fbf ;f]xL ljifodf lhNnf cbfnt alb{ofdf oftgf Ifltk"lt{sf]<br />

nflu 5'§} d'2f btf{ u/L ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>]<br />

7x5{ .<br />

@(_ lhNnf alb{of j]njf uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] b'h{g rf}w/LnfO{ ldlt @)^!÷!÷!<br />

ut] tTsfnLg ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] kqmfp u/L lr;fkfgLdf y'gfdf /fvL oftgf lbPsf]<br />

x'Fbf 36gfsf] 5fgljg u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L btf{ x'g cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

6f]nL lghsf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf hfFbf xfn hflu/sf] nflu ef/tdf uPsf] kfOPsf] /<br />

cfdf;Fu a'‰bf :jf:Yo cj:yf 7Ls /x] ePsf] / pkrf/ u/fPsf] oftgf kfPsf]<br />

eGg] k|dfl0ft b]lvg] sfuh k|df0f gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x5{ .<br />

#)_ lhNnf alb{of j]njf uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] xl/snL k'gnfO{ ldlt @)^*.#.@*<br />

ut] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no afFs]n] kqmfp u/L lx/fztdf /fvL oftgf lbPsf]n]<br />

5fgljg u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ x'g cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL 3/ 7]ufgf<br />

uO{ a'‰bf lgh pk/ hLp df:g] a]Rg] d'2fdf y'gfdf /flvPsf], kLl8tn] oftgf<br />

;DaGwdf Ifltk"lt{;d]tsf] nflu lhNnf cbfnt afFs]df bfo/ u/]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf<br />

cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg ljifo ePsf]n] pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x5{ .<br />

#!_ s}nfnL lhNnf uf]bfj/L uflj; j8f g+= ^ a:g] ] dfgaxfb'/ ;f]jnfO{ xTof u/]sf]<br />

36gfsf] ;DaGwdf hfx]/L btf{;d]t gu/L cg';Gwfgdf x]nr]qm\ofO{ u/]sf] egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L k/]sf]df cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf xfn cbfntdf d'2f ljrf/fwLg<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x5{ .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (141)


#@_ lhNnf s}nfnL d;'l/of uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] lji0f'k|;fb rf}w/Ln]<br />

cfˆgf] k;n / 6]lnkmf]g ;]6;d]t ;]gfn] tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf]n] lkmtf{ kfpFm eGg]<br />

ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ u/]sf]df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL 36gf:ynd} pkl:yt eO{<br />

a'‰bf ;f] 36gfaf/] s'g} hfgsf/L gePsf] egLPsf] / kLl8t :jog\n] cfˆgf]<br />

ph"/Ldf sfg"gadf]lhd ug{ lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L yk k|df0f gb]lvFbf<br />

ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

##_ s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/ pdfljdf k|flj ;+of]hs eO{ sfd u/L cfPsf lzIfs<br />

anaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ ;f] kbaf6 x6fO{ csf]{ JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm u/]sf] ljifodf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 cg';Gwfg ubf{ :yfoL<br />

lzIfsnfO{ ;+of]hsdf lgo'lQm u/]sf] ljifo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{<br />

gb]lvFbf pQm ph""/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

#$_ lhNnf s}nfnL 6Lsfk'/ a:g] xl/dfof rf}w/LnfO{ s/f/ ;]jfaf6 -lkog kb_<br />

x6fPsf] ljifodf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 tYo ljj/0f :ynut a'‰bf Ps<br />

xKtfkl5 k'gM s/f/d} lgo'lQm eO{ ;f]xL kbdf sfo{/t /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

#%_ lhNnf afFs] sDbL uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] lqe'jgnfn ofbjsf] hUuf tTsfnLg<br />

ljb|f]xL kIf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sfo{stf{n] sAhf u/]sf]n] sAhf d'Qm u/L kfpFm<br />

egL ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf]df xfn ;f] hUuf hUufwgLn] g} ef]urng u/L cfPsf]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

#^_ lhNnf s~rgk'/ s[i0fk'/ uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] r]t/fh e§n] cfˆgf] hUuf g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–n] sAhfdf lnPsf] ;DaGwdf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf]df xfn ;f] hUuf<br />

hUufwgL cfkm}Fn] ef]urng u/L cfPsf] egL lgj]bs :jo+n] lgj]<strong>bg</strong> hfgsf/L<br />

u/fPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

#&_ lhNnf alb{of df]tLk'/ uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] dGh' lj=s=nfO{ tTsfnLg zfxL<br />

g]kfnL ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L oftgf lbPsf] eGg] ph"/L ;DaGwdf xfn :jf:Yo<br />

l:ylt ;fdfGo /x]sf], :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt alb{ofdf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf]n] pQm ph"/L<br />

6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

#*_ lhNnf afFs] g]kfnuGh gkf j8f g+= !# a:g] hoaxfb'/ e08f/LnfO{ @)^#÷(÷!!<br />

ut] a]n'sf c1ft ;d"xaf6 s'6lk6 n'6lk6 ePsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf sf]–s;af6<br />

n'6lk6 ePsf] v'Ng gcfPsf] ph"/Lstf{;Fu a'‰bf ;j{;fwf/0faf6 s'6lk6 ePsf]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ljjfb <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt gb]lvFbf 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o<br />

eof] .<br />

(142) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


F<br />

#(_ lhNnf afFs] lr;fkfgL uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] ;Gtf]if rGbnfO{ blnt;Fu cGt/<br />

hftLo ljjfx u/]sf] egL sfhs[of ug{af6 jl~rt u/fOPsf] eGg] ph"/L ;DaGwdf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]us} kxndf lghn] sfhs[of ug{ kfPsf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

$)_ h'Dnf lhNnf lj/f6 uflj; j8f g+= ^ a:g] eLdlgwL xdfnnfO{ tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–af6 s'6lk6 u/L v'§f efFrL wgdfn n'6]sf]n] cg';Gwfg u/L kfpg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fxt kfO{;s]sf] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

$!_ lhNnf h'Dnf dxt uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] uf]/vaxfb'/ dxtnfO{ k|x/Ln]<br />

lx/fztdf /fvL s'6lk6 u/]sf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

lgj]bsn] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLnfO{ xfn ldnfkq eO{;s]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

$@_ lhNnf c3f{vfrL l;dnkfgL uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] g'gaxfb'/ lj=;L=nfO{<br />

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] af/Daf/ oftgf lbPsf] ;f]xL sf/0f lj:yflkt<br />

x'g'k/]sf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpmF lgj]<strong>bg</strong> k/]sf, xfn :yflkt eO{ 3/hUuf cfkm}<br />

ef]urng ul//x]sf] pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

$#_ lhNnf s}nfnL bf]wf/f uflj; j8f g+= * 3/ eO{ wgu9L gkf j8f g+= % a:g]<br />

lt;{gf ljg8L / dGh' ljg8Lsf] cfdfafa'sf] d[To'kZrft\ b'j} gfafnsnfO{ 3/<br />

af6 lgsfnf u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ph"/L k/]sf]df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] k|of;df gfafnssf] xs<br />

:yflkt eO;s]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

$$_ afh'/f lhNnfdf @)^( ;fndf g"gsf] cefj ePsf] sf/0f <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], xfn ;DalGwt lgsfosf] kxndf g"gsf] ;fdfGo cj:yf /xL cefj<br />

g/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]n] pQm ph""/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

$%_ lhNnf 88]Nw'/f hf]ua'9f uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] jL/axfb'/ sfsL{nfO{ @)^!÷!!÷!)<br />

ut] kqmfp u/L sf/fuf/ zfvf s~rgk'/df u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /fv]sf] egL ph""/L<br />

k/]sf]df xfn y'gfd'Qm eO{ cfˆgf] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]bs :jod\n] lgj]<strong>bg</strong><br />

lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

$^_ lhNnf 88]Nw'/f cfnLtfn uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] 5qk|;fb hf]zLnfO{ @)^!÷!@÷@^<br />

ut] kqmfp u/L sf/fuf/ zfvf s~rgk'/df oftgf lbO{ /fv]sf] egL ph""/L kg{<br />

cfPsf]df xfn y'gfd'Qm eO{ ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (143)


$&_ lhNnf s~rgk'/ k/f;g uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] z]/axfb'/ lj=s=nfO{<br />

@)^!÷#÷#) ut] sf/fuf/ zfvf s~rgk'/df Hofg dfg]{ cleof]udf y'gfdf<br />

/fv]sf] a]nf ;'/IffsdL{n] oftgf lbPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf]df @)^#<br />

;fndf d'2fdf ;kmfO{ kfO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu dn]l;of uPsf]n] 6'ª\UofO{<br />

l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

$*_ gjnk/f;L lhNnf d's'Gbk'/ uflj; l:yt uf]vf{ k|x/L k|f=ln=df @)^#÷&÷@( ut]<br />

c=g]=O=k'= s|flGtsf/Lsf sfo{stf{n] sf/vfgf aGb u/fO{ dhb'/nfO{ jflx/ lgsfnL<br />

Joj:yfkg kIfsf ^ hgf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ aGbL agfPsf] / 5nkmn<br />

x'Fbfs} a]nf /fhg e08f/L;lxt kfFr÷5 hgfnfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] ljifodf ph""/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf]df tTsfnLg tgfjsf] cj:yfdf c;'/Iff ePklg xfn l:ylt ;fdfGo<br />

/x]sf] eGg] ph"/Lstf{sf] lgj]<strong>bg</strong> b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

$(_ lhNnf c3f{vfFrL l;dnkfgL uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] Hof]tL k|;fb<br />

Gof}kfg]nfO{ ldlt @)^@÷%÷* ut] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f<br />

u/L a]kQf agfPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df lgh<br />

s]xL ;dokl5 sAhf d'Qm eO{ 3/ Jo;fo u/L ;fdfGo hLjgofkg u/L cfPsf]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

%)_ lhNnf afh'/f h'sf]6 uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] lxSdtaxfb'/ zfxLsf] 3/df g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] @)%(÷&÷!( ut] cfqmd0f u/L ;DklQ n'6lk6<br />

u/L cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt ePsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf]df,<br />

kLl8tn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sfg"gadf]lhd cfly{s ;xfotf Ifltk"lt{ kfO{ xfn<br />

:yfgLo eO{ 3/df j;f]jf; u/L cfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

%!_ kfNkf lhNnf 5x/f uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] ofbjaxfb'/ /fodfemLsf] 3/df<br />

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–n] @)^!÷*÷* ut]b]lv tfnfaGbL u/L 3/hUuf<br />

ef]urng ug{ glbOPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L k/]sf]df, tLg jif{kl5b]lv<br />

hUuf sAhfd'Qm u/L xfn cfkm}Fn] ef]urng u/L cfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph""/L<br />

6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

%@_ lhNnf ?kGb]xL s/f}tf uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] ;lrGb|gfy z'Sn<br />

-k|eft z'Sn_ nfO{ @)^#÷$÷* ut] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{x¿n]<br />

af]u8L uflj;sf] k;f{x rf}/fxfaf6 elthf czf]s z'SnnfO{ s'6lk6 u/L<br />

n'=c=!k= ^*@& g+= sf] df]6/;fOsn;d]t sAhfdf lnO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L k/]sf]df, @)^^÷$÷!) df ckx/0f d'Qm ePsf]n] xfn yk<br />

sf/afxL ul//xg'kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(144) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


%#_ lhNnf gjnk/f;L xs'O{ uflj; j8f g+= & lgjf;L jif{ !# sf] ;lsn wgLofnfO{<br />

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf egf{ ug{ ldlt @)^#÷*÷!<br />

ut] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf] x'Fbf sf/afxL u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

lgh ;lsn wgLof s]xL dlxgfkl5 3/ kmls{cfPsf] / xfn j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf]<br />

nflu ljb]z uPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

%$_ lhNnf aemfª x]dGtjf8f uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g]] b]jaxfb'/ v8\sfnfO{ lhNnf<br />

ljsf; ;ldlt jemfªn] ;fdflhs ;]jf k/Lrfnsaf6 x6fPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df sfo{qmdsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf]n] x6]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{<br />

l<strong>bg</strong> <strong>cfof</strong>]udf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> :jod\n] lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

%%_ lhNnf s}nfnL wgu9L gkf j8f g+= * SofDk; /f]8sf :yfgLo jfl;Gbfsf] 3/sf]<br />

5tdf k|x/L a:b} cfPsf]n] x6fO{ kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], @)^@<br />

;fndf s]xL ;do k|x/L 3/ 3/df a;]sf]df xfn xl6;s]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

%^_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn gu/kflnsf b]jLgu/ lgjf;L /]Zdf zfxnfO{ jx'ljjfxkZrft\<br />

lghsf] >Ldfgn] vfgnfpg glbO{ 3/af6 lgsfnf u/]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L<br />

btf{ x'g cfPsf], lgh kLl8tn] ;Ddflgt cbfntaf6 ;DaGw ljR5]b u/L<br />

zflGtk"j{s hLjgofkg u/]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]lbsfsf] lgj]<strong>bg</strong> k/]sf]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

%&_ lhNnf afh'/f 5t/f uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] gGbnfn h};LnfO{ tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] 3/ ;DklQ sAhf u/L lj:yflkt x'g'k/]sf]n] sf/afxL<br />

u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ x'g cfPsf]df, lgh kLl8tn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6<br />

kfpg /fxt k|fKt u/L cfˆg} 3/df :yflkt eO{ cfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

%*_ lhNnf 88]Nw'/f lrk'/ uflj; j8f g+= * 3/ eO{ xfn P]= cd/u9L gkfa:g]<br />

s[i0fk|;fb zdf{nfO{ tTsfnLg ljb|f]xL g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n]<br />

@)^)÷%÷@% ut] ckx/0f u/L a]kQf agfPsf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], pQm ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 klxn] g} 6'ª\Uofpg] egL lg0f{o<br />

eO;s]sf] / pQm ph"/L bf]xf]/f] btf{ ePsf] b]lvFbf 6'ª\Uofpg] eGg] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

%(_ lhNnf s}nfnL r'+xf uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] eLdaxfb'/ a'9fnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_<br />

– sf sfo{stf{n] @)^#÷%÷!* df ckx/0f u/L s}nfnLsf] d;'l/ofdf k'¥ofO{<br />

lg3f{t s'6lk6 u/L oftgf lbPsf] / @)^#÷%÷!( ut] /ftL dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{<br />

;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf efUg ;kmn eO{ wgu9Ldf jl;/x]sf]n] hLjg/Iffsf]<br />

nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df xfn kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df lgh ef/tsf]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (145)


d'DjOdf sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf uPsf] eGg] ;d]t a'lemg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L<br />

6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

^)_ lhNnf s}nfnL wgu9L gkf j8f g+= ! a:g] nIdL bQ e§ / dlg/fd kGtsf] 3/<br />

sDkfp08df ;'/IffsdL{ a:g] u/]sf]n] k|x/LnfO{ x6fO{ kfpFm egL @)^@÷!@÷!)<br />

df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Ldf ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf]df @)^@÷^# sf]<br />

hgcfGbf]ng kZrft k|x/L 3/df a:g] 5f8]sf] eGg] a'lemg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/Lsf]<br />

k|of]hg ;dfKt eO;s]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/LnfO{ 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x5{ .<br />

^!_ sflh sfdgkf j8f g+= @! ef]6]jxfn a:g] OGbL/f k|wfg dNnsf] slknj:t' /]x/f<br />

uflj;l:yt hUuf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–n] @)%( ;fnb]lv sAhf u/L ;f] hUufsf]<br />

cfo:tf;d]t glbPsf]n] cfjZos 5fgljg u/L kfp egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{<br />

cfPsf]df xfn hUufwgL :jo+n] ;f] hUuf xsef]u u/L cfPsf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

^@_ lhNnf kfNkf ;TojtL uflj; j8f g+= ! 3/ eO{ sf/fuf/ zfvf e}/xjf ?kGb]xLdf<br />

y'gfdf /x]sL dfof k/Lof/nfO{ k|x/L lx/fztdf oftgf lbPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df lghnfO{ gh/aGbdf () l<strong>bg</strong> /fvL @)^@÷^÷% df ?kGb]xL<br />

lhNnf cbfntaf6 y'gfd'Qm ul/Psf] eGg] b]lvFbf / oftgf ;DaGwdf k|df0f k]z<br />

ug{;d]t ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

^#_ lhNnf s}nfnL km'njf/L $ a:g] sf}l;nf kfWof 9'ª\ufgf / lghsf] >Ldfg gj/fh<br />

9'ª\ufgfnfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s}nfnLn] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq glbPsf]<br />

egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Ldf ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf]df xfn lgj]bs ph'/<br />

stf{n] gful/stf k|fKt ul/;s]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>]<br />

7x{5 .<br />

^$_ lhNnf afh'/f huGgfy uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] e/t/fh lu/LnfO{ @)%(÷!÷!%<br />

ut] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] s'6lk6 u/L ckx/0f u/L s]xL ;dokl5<br />

d'Qm eO{ ;b/d'sfd dft{8Ldf lj:yflkt eO{ a;]sf] sf/0f <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L kg{<br />

cfPsf]df lgodfg';f/ cfly{s ;xfotf;d]t /fHoaf6 k|fKt u/L xfn cfˆgf] 3/df<br />

:yflkt eO{ a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>]<br />

7x{5 .<br />

^%_ lhNnf s}nfnL wgu9L gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # a:g] rqmb]j hf]zLnfO{ @)^*÷!÷#<br />

ut] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/L a]kQf agfPsf] egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Ldf ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf]df lgh rqm/fh hf]zL<br />

;f]xL jif{ h]7 @^ ut] 3/df lkmtf{ cfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] nflu sf7df8f} Fdf uPsf] eGg]<br />

cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>af6 b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

(146) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


^^_ lhNnf s}nfnL wgu9L gkf j8f g+= ^ a:g] w'|j/fh lu/LnfO{ P]= P]= a:g] /fdaxfb'/<br />

nfdf;d]tn] ef/tdf /f]huf/L nufO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] egL lnP uPsf] xfn kmls{ gcfPsf]<br />

x'Fbf cfjZos sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL lghsf] >LdtLn] <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{<br />

u/fPsf]df lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no s}nfnLn] cf/f]lkt JolQmx¿nfO{ !& l<strong>bg</strong>;Dd<br />

lx/fztdf /fvL cg';Gwfg u/]sf] / @)&) ;fpgdf ph'/stf{ / cf/f]lkt kIfaLr<br />

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf ldnfkq;d]t ul/;s]sf] eGg] ph'/stf{ lu/Lsf] lnlvt<br />

lgj]<strong>bg</strong> <strong>cfof</strong>]udf btf{ ePsf] b]lvFbf pQm ljifo <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/ aflx/ ePsf]<br />

/ pQm ph"/Lsf] ;fGble{stf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] b]lvFbf ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

^&_ lhNnf gjnk/f;L b]jufp uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] ljGb's'df/L ofbjnfO{<br />

@)^#÷(÷$ ut] c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/]sf]n] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs u/L kfpmF egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] a'6jn sfof{nodf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], kLl8t elgPsL ljGb's'df/L ofbj<br />

xfn ;fj{hlgs eO{ ef/tsf] uf]/vk'/df a:b} cfPsf] eGg] kLl8tsf] afa' lzj<br />

k'hg ofbjsf] @)^&÷@÷!* sf] lgj]<strong>bg</strong> <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pkIf]qLo sfof{no a'6jndf<br />

btf{ ePsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

^*_ lhNnf s}nfnL 6Lsfk'/ gkf j8f g+= ( a:g] s]zj/fh pkfWofosf] hUuf<br />

@)^#÷!÷! df g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–af6 sAhf u/L xsef]u ug{ glbPsf] egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ x'g cfPsf]df pQm hUuf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] sAhf d'Qm<br />

u/L xfn cfkm}F xsef]u u/L cfPsf] eGg] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>af6 b]lvg<br />

cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

^(_ lhNnf s}nfnL kxndfgk'/ uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] df]tLsnf yfkf / lghsf<br />

5f]/fx¿ u0f]zaxfb'/ yfkf / o'j/fh yfkfsf] sl/a @) laufxf 3/hUuf tTsfnLg<br />

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] sAhf u/L xs ef]u ug{ glbPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df @)^* ;fnb]lv pQm hUuf sAhf d'Qm u/L xfn ef]urng<br />

u/L cfPsf] eGg] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\<br />

UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 . ª<br />

&)_ lhNnf s}nfnL ;f8]kfgL uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] cf]dsnf /]ZdL du/ ;lxt<br />

lghsf] k/Ljf/sf ;b:o;d]tnfO{ 8/wfs b]vfO{ 3/hUuf sAhf u/L lj:yflkt<br />

hLjg latfpg' k/]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df @)^) ;fn j}zfv<br />

dlxgfb]lv ;s'zn cfˆgf] 3/hUufdf kmls{ ef]urng u/L cfPsf] b]lvg cfPsf]n]<br />

pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x{5 .<br />

&!_ sflh sfdgkf j8f g+= !! rfOgf 6fpg sKn]S; l:yt xl/z/0fd :6f]/sf<br />

;~rfns xl/k|;fb zdf{ cfrfo{nfO{ ljdn d]xtf, lszf]/ >]i7;d]tn] Hofg dfg]{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (147)


pBf]u u/]sf]df k|x/Ln] k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg gu/]sf] / cf/f]lkt JolQmx¿nfO{<br />

;d]t kqmfp gu/]sf] tyf n'l6Psf ;fdfg;d]t lkmtf{ gu/]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

lbPsf] ph"/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ph"/Lstf{n] ph"/Ldfkm{t p7fPsf ljifoj:t'dWo]<br />

s]xL ljifoj:t'df ;Ddflgt cbfnt ;dIf d'2f k/L cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg<br />

cj:yfdf /x]sf] / dfubfaLdWo] cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog u/fpg'kg]{<br />

ljifo <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

&@_ nfx'/] ;]So'l/6L k|f=ln= 6]s' sf7df8f}Fdf ;'/Iff uf8{sf] ¿kdf sfo{/t<br />

udgaxfb'/ lj=s=;Fu clvn g]kfn ;]So'l/6L dhb'/ ;ª\3sf cWoIf tyf<br />

kbflwsf/Lx¿n] n]jL p7fpg], ;~ro sf]ifsf] /sd lxgfldgf ug]{ u/]sf]n] To;sf<br />

lj?4 cfjfh p7fpFbf u'08fx¿ kl/rfng u/L Hofg dfg]{;d]tsf] wDsL cfPsf]n]<br />

hLjg–/Iff u/L kfpmF egL o; <strong>cfof</strong>]udf k/]sf] ph"/Lsf] ;Gbe{df lghnfO{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cg';Gwfg u/]sf] avt s'g} wDsL gePsf] / >d;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo<br />

>d cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] pQm ph"/L <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq<br />

;d]t gkg]{ ePsf]n] vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

&#_ lhNnf ;Kt/L j/xL uflj; j8f g+= ^ jL/k'/df :yfoL 3/ eO{ jg dGqfnocGtu{t<br />

sfo{/t ljgf]bfgGb emfnfO{ g]kfn hgjfbL df]rf{ gfds /fhg}lts bndf @)#!<br />

;fnb]lv cfa4 eO{ /fhgLlt u/]sf] cf/f]k nufO{ ljleGg ldltdf u}/sfg"gL<br />

¿kdf kqmfp u/]sf] lgh / lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t c;'/Iffsf] dxz'; ePsf]n]<br />

hLpwg / zflGt;'/Iff sfod u/L :jtGq ¿kdf /fhgLlt ug{ kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;'/Iff u/L kfpmF egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df ph'/stf{n] p7fPsf dfu /<br />

ljifo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g @)%# hf/L x'g'eGbf cufl8sf] ljifoj:t' ePsf]<br />

/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

&$_ lhNnf vf]6fª l;DkfgL uflj; j8f g+= @ 3/ eO{ g]kfn u|fdL0f k'glg{df{0f ;+:yf<br />

-RRN_ df sfo{/t /x]sf] cj:yfdf ?b| yfkfnfO{ ;f]xL ;+:yfsf lgb]{zs ;j{/fh<br />

v8\sf, s'nrGb| bfxfn / k|zf;lso clws[t Zofd pkfWofon] l;/fxf lhNnfsf]<br />

nxfg / df]/ª lj/f6gu/df sfo{/t /xFbfsf] cj:yfdf ha{h:tL ljgfsf/0f<br />

/fhLgfdf ug{ afWo kf/]sf] / /flhgfdf gu/]df ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ egL af/Daf/<br />

wDsL lbPsf], dfgl;s tgfj lbPsf]n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f u/L kfpFm egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ u/fPsf]df ph'/jfnfn] p7fPsf ljifoj:t'x¿ cbfntdf<br />

ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/;d]t g/x]sf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]hL ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

&%_ lhNnf ef]hk'/ x]nf}5f uflj; j8f g+= ^ a:g] pd]zh+u /fodfemL, eQmk'/<br />

lhNnf dWok'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !% a:g] ;Gtf]if e§/fO{, lhNnf ef]hk'/<br />

l;4]Zj/ uflj; a:g] ] s[i0f v8\sf, sf7df8f} F lhNnf uf] +ua' uflj; j8f g+= #<br />

(148) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


a:g] k|]d l;njfn, ;'g;/L lhNnf PsDaf uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] clDasfk|;fb<br />

sf]O/fnf / ;nf{xL lhNnf uDx0fLof uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] nId0f /fo u/L<br />

^ hgfnfO{ @)^! ;fn j}zfv # ut] zflGtk"0f{ h'n';df efu lng hfFbf<br />

sf7df8f}Fsf] k'tnL;8s If]qaf6 k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L eQmk'/l:yt u'x]Zj/L ;z:q<br />

k|x/L u0fdf aGbLsf] ¿kdf /flvPsf] / j}zfv $ ut] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no<br />

sf7df8f}Fsf] cfb]zn] ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g @)$^ cGtu{t y'gfdf /flvPsf]n]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf], xfn kl/jlt{t<br />

;Gbe{df ph'/stf{ y'gfd'Qm eO;s]sf] kmfOnaf6 b]lvg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L<br />

6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

&^_ sf7df8f}F lhNnf sf7df8f}F gu/kflnsf j8f g+= & rfjlxn a:g]] kml0fGb|<br />

g]kfnnfO{ ;'uf}nL ;GwLkl5 g]kfnn] u'dfPsf] e"—efu lkmtf{ lbnfpg'kg]{, g]kfn<br />

dfly ef/tLo x:tIf]k /f]Sg'kg]{ ;d]tsf] dfu /fvL PsLs[t g]kfn /<strong>fli6«o</strong> df]rf{<br />

kf6L{n] u|]6/ g]kfn cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] sf/0faf6 lghnfO{ @ l8;]Da/<br />

@)!) b]lv k6s k6s u[x dGqfnosf] lgb]{zgdf k|x/Ln] kqmfp ug]{, s'6lk6<br />

ug]{, gh/jGbdf /fVg], b'/Jojxf/ ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf], @% hgj/L @)!) df @<br />

hgf ckl/lrt JolQmn] sf7df8f}F afuahf/sf] uNnLsf] 3/df k'¥ofO{ s~r6df<br />

k]:tf]n / k]6df 5'/L;d]t t]:of{O{ ef/tLo b"tfjf;cufl8 lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]df<br />

kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t l;WofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>];d]tsf] wDsL lbO{ ;fydf /x]sf] ?= @!,))).—<br />

gub n'6kf6 u/L nu]sf]df k|x/Ln] bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL gu/]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf]df, lgh ph'/stf{ :jod\ <strong>cfof</strong>]udf pkl:yt eO{ ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{<br />

l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ vl<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o eof] .<br />

&&_ nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= # a:g] ;'lht<br />

l;hfkltnfO{ lghsf] 3/;Fu}sf] ;+lwof/ tf/fk|;fb g]kfn / lghsf] kl/jf/sf<br />

;b:on] ;fj{hlgs elgPsf] hUuf ldr]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf :yfgLo k|zf;g /<br />

k|x/Ldf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] nflu uPsf]df ljleGg wDsL lbPsf] / eljiodf ;d]t<br />

wDsL x'g ;Sg] egL zflGt;'/Iffsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> kg{ cfPsf], eljiodf<br />

x'g ;Sg] wDsLsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ lnP/ ph"/L k/]sf], o;/L cfz+sf cfwf/df s'g}<br />

sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg gldNg] / xfn To; k|sf/sf] wDsL l<strong>bg</strong>] sfo{ ePsf]<br />

gb]lvFbf pQm ph""/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

&*_ sf/fuf/leq ljleGg clgoldttf, s'6lk6, b'/Jojxf/ x'g] u/]sfdf cfjZos<br />

5fgljg u/L kfpg l<strong>bg</strong>]z >]i7;d]tsf] ph"/L k/]sf]df, ph"/Lstf{n] sf/fuf/<br />

leqsf sdL sdhf]/L / nfk/jfxLsf ljifoj:t'df ;}4flGts s'/f p7fO{ k]z<br />

ePsf] ph"/Lpk/ 5nkmn x'Fbf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ph"/Lx¿ / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

sf/fuf/, lx/f;t cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>af6 k|fKt ;'emfj nufot y'g'jf /fVg]<br />

:yfgsf] Joj:yfksLo, ef}lts ;'wf/ nufotsf ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 g]kfn<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (149)


;/sf/nfO{ k6s–k6s l;kmfl/; eO;s]sf] b]lvFbf cfufdL l<strong>bg</strong>df ;d]t lx/f;t<br />

sf/fuf/sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{ u/L pQm ph"/LnfO{ 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] 7x5{ .<br />

&(_ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no kfFry/af6 ldlt @)^!÷$÷@@ r=g+= !&( sf] kqdfkm{t<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]udf k|fKt kqdf @)^!÷%÷@# ut] ;b/d'sfd 5f8\g g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–n] cg'/f]w u/]sf]n] dfcf]jfbLn] cfXjfg u/]sf sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] kxn ul/l<strong>bg</strong> cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf], To;} u/L h'Dnf lhNnf k|zf;g<br />

sfof{noaf6 @)^!÷^÷!% df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] kq k|fKt x'g cfPsf]df xfn wDsLsf]<br />

cj:yf /x]sf] gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*)_ lhNnf wflbª nfkf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= & 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}F jg:ynLdf<br />

8]/f u/L a:g] ;fy} 6«]lsªdf sfd ug]{ k|]daxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ @)^)÷(÷@( ut]<br />

laxfg ^ ah] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sf7df8f}Faf6 vl6Psf b'O{ hgf k|x/Ln]<br />

lagfk"hL{ lagf;"rgf u}/sfg"gL lu/ˆtf/ u/L lx/f;tdf /fv]sf] egL P8\ef]s];L<br />

kmf]/ddf sfo{/t clwjQmf of]u]Gb| e§/fO{n] ph"/L btf{ u/fPsf] ;DaGwdf ph'/<br />

jfnfn] p7fPsf] dfubfaL k'i6L x'g] 7f]; cfwf/ k|df0f gb]lvPsf]n] pQm ph"/L<br />

vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

*!_ lhNnf df]/ª 6+sLl;g'jf/L # lj/f6gu/ a:g] lszf]/ e§/fO{nfO{ ldlt @)^(÷!!÷@@<br />

ut] laxfg sl/a & jh] ljz]if k|x/Lsf] 6f]nLn] dflysf] cfb]z eGb} kqmfp u/L<br />

sl/a & 306f lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no df]/ªsf] lx/fztdf / To;kl5 sf7df8f} FnfO{<br />

dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ sf7df8f}F x'Fb} k|x/L j[Q jf}4df k'¥ofO{ em'f cf/f]k nufO{<br />

u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /flvPsf]n] 36gfsf] 5fgljg u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf btf{ ePsf]<br />

ph"/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ph'/stf{sf] dfubfaLcg';f/ k|x/Låf/f s'g} sfd sf/afxL<br />

eP–u/]sf] gkfOPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*@_ l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf uf]Nr] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= & a:g]] ;f]gd nfdfnfO{<br />

@)^( ;fn kmfu'g !# ut] sf7df8f}F lhNnf jf}4 hf]/kf6Laf6 k|x/Ln] kqmfp<br />

u/L l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfaf6 kqmfp u/]sf] / lghaf6 cj}w xltof/ km]nf<br />

k/]sf] egL em'f ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] lx/fztdf dfgl;s oftgf lbPsf]n]<br />

zflGtk"j{s lxF8\8'n ug]{ :jtGqtf;d]t xgg\ ePsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L btf{<br />

x'g cfPsf]df cg';Gwfg ubf{ xfn pQm ljifo ;Ddflgt l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf<br />

cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

*#_ lhNnf sflnsf]6 ;b/d'sfddf d] @))# sf] ;Gbe{df cGt/f{li6«o >lds lbj;<br />

dgfO/x]sf] a]nf g]skf -Pdfn]_ g]dlskf / hgdf]rf{ g]kfn sflnsf]6sf g]tf<br />

sfo{stf{nfO{ sfo{qmd ug{ glbO{ an k|of]u u/L kf6L{sf] em08f / dfOs;d]t<br />

(150) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


vf];L nu]sf]n] ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{<br />

cfPsf], lgif]lwt If]qdf sfo{qmd ug{ /f]lsPsf] t/ sf]xL 3fOt] / clk|o 36gf<br />

ePsf] gkfOPsf] egL If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Laf6 <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /<br />

pQm 36gf k'/fgf] ;d]t ePsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*$_ lhNnf sflnsf]6 h'ljbf uflj; vNnfuf8 eGg] :yfgdf a:g]] t'nf/fd lji6,<br />

ltnaxfb'/ zfxL, dfgaxfb'/ dNn;d]tnfO{ @)^) ;fn c;f/df tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/]sf]n] ;s'zn d'lQmsf nflu kxn ul/l<strong>bg</strong><br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no h'Dnfsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{<br />

s]xL ;dokl5 ckx/0f d'Qm eO{ :jtGqk"j{s hLjgofkg u/L cfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]hL ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*%_ lhNnf afFs] ljgf}gf uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] z]/axfb'/ jnL / 6Lsf/fd lu/LnfO{<br />

@)^) sflt{s @! ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf]n] l/xfO ul/l<strong>bg</strong><br />

egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf @)^)÷&÷@^ df ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf], ;/sf/L lgsfosf] kq x]bf{<br />

sf/fuf/ zfvf afFs]df gh/aGbdf /fv]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

6f]nLn] lghx¿sf] cj:yf a'‰bf b'j} hgf y'gfd'Qm ePsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k|fKt x'g<br />

cfPsf] b]lvFbf z]/axfb'/ jnLsf] ;DaGwdf tfd]nLdf /fVg] / 6Lsf/fd lu/Lsf]<br />

xsdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] P]gsf] bkmf !# adf]lhd vf/]hL ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*^_ lhNnf ;'v]{t lj=gkf j8f g+= ^ a:g] an/fd nfdL5fg]sL 5f]/L jif{ !% sL<br />

lgd{nf nfld5fg]nfO{ ldlt @)^)÷#÷#@ ut] 6Ø";g k9]/ kmls{/x]sf] ;dodf<br />

a;n] 7Ss/ lbO{ d[To' ePsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf 5flag u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], ;f] 36gfdf ;jf/L Hofg ;DaGwL d'2f ;Ddflgt cbfntdf<br />

ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvFbf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/ leqsf] gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]hL<br />

ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*&_ lhNnf s}nfnL wgu9L a:g] xfd|f] ;]tL klqsfsf ;Dkfbs kqsf/ jL/]Gb|axfb'/<br />

/fjnnfO{ @)^!÷!÷!^ ut] jf]/f8f8L Jof/]ssf ;]gfn] Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbPsf]n]<br />

Ho"Hofgsf] ;'/Iff u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], ph'/stf{n]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Ldf ;f] 36gf ;DaGwdf ldnfkq e};s]sf] /<br />

xfn s'g} 8/wDsL gePsf]n] ph"/Ldf yk sf/afxL gug{ lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] b]lvFbf<br />

pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

**_ lhNnf afFs] kmQ]k'/ uflj; j8f g+= ( uf]l/jgk"jf{ a:g] dx]z vl6snfO{<br />

@)^)÷!!÷!$ ut] ;f]gjiff{l:yt ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff a]; SofDkaf6 u:tLdf cfPsf]<br />

;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf]n] vf]hljg u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L<br />

btf{ x'g cfPsf], lghnfO{ lhNnf cbfnt afFs]sf] cfb]zfg';f/ y'gfdf /x]sf] /<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (151)


@)^@÷#÷!% ut] k'g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> cbfnt g]kfnuGhsf] cfb]zn] y'gfd'Qm eO{ cfˆgf]<br />

k]zf–Joj;fo u/L cfPsf] kfOPsf]n] a]kQfdf yk cg'udg ul//xg'kg]{ gb]lvFbf<br />

pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

*(_ lhNnf sflnsf]6 km'sf]6 a:g] dl0f/fh a/fnnfO{ ldlt @)^!÷@÷@# ut] g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/]sf]n] ;s'zn d'lQmsf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L btf{ x'g cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pkIf]qLo sfof{no h'Dnfsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ lgh<br />

xfn cfˆgf] k]zf–Joj;fo u/L cfPsf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

()_ h'Dnf lhNnf ;gL ufpFaf6 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–n] k|To]s 3/af6 Pshgfsf b/n]<br />

dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] WT -xf]n6fOd/_ jGg'kg]{ eg]sf] sf/0f ql;t eO{ sl/a<br />

!$! hgf JolQm aRrf a'9fa'9L;lxt lj:yflkt ePsf]n] <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 tTsfn<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] kxn u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L btf{ x'g cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 tTsfn cGtl/d /fxt nufotsf] nflu ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yf;Fu<br />

kxn;d]t u/]sf] ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 b]lvg <strong>cfof</strong>] . <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 yk<br />

cg';Gwfg ubf{ ph'/stf{ :jod\n] @)^#÷!@÷$ ut] æ## 3/kl/jf/nfO{<br />

dfcf]jfbLn] lj:yflkt u/fPsf]df xfn cfˆg} ufpF3/df kmls{ ;s'zn al;/x]sf<br />

5f}+Æ egL lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(!_ lhNnf alb{of g]pnfk'/ uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] jif{ @$ sf] r]tdfg yf?nfO{<br />

@)^!÷$÷@& ut] tTsfnLg ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf]n] ;s'zn<br />

l/xfOsf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], lghnfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf]<br />

@)^@÷%÷!& ut]sf] cfb]zn] y'gfd'Qm eO{ 3/df g} a:b} cfPsf]df xfn ef/tsf]<br />

uf]jf zx/df ;'/Iff uf8{df sfd ul//x]sf] egL lghsf] >LdtL sNkgf yf?n]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(@_ lhNnf h'Dnf vnª\uf uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] z'l;n If]qLn] @)^!÷(÷!% ut] 3/<br />

df ljikmf]6 u/fO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{sf] Hofbltsf] sf/0f afa'cfdfsf]<br />

d[To' ePsf] / lghsf] sf]xL cfkmGt gePsf] sf/0f /fxtsf nflu kxn ul/l<strong>bg</strong><br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], ;f] l<strong>bg</strong> s'g} 36gf gePsf] egL lhNnf k|zf;g<br />

sfof{nosf] kqaf6 b]lvg cfPsf]n] em'7f Joxf]/fsf] ph"/L b]lvg cfPsf]n] vf/]h<br />

ug{ pkIf]qLo sfof{no h'Dnfsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

(#_ lhNnf s}nfnL km'njf/L uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] 6+s jfF:sf]6fnfO{ @)^!÷(÷@#<br />

ut] ;'/Iffkmf}hn] 3/af6 kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf]n] vf]hljg u/L kfpFm egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], ;'/Iffkmf}hn] kqmfp u/L gh/aGbdf sf/fuf/df<br />

(152) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


fv]sf] cj:yfdf @)^!÷!)÷@& ut] tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–n] sf/fuf/<br />

zfvf s}nfnLdf cfqmd0f u/L lgh efuL km/f/ /x]sf] egL @)^@÷$÷@! ut]<br />

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s}nfnLsf] kqaf6 hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] kfOof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL lghsf] 3/df k'uL a'‰bf xfn 3/df ;s'zn /x]sf]<br />

egL hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

($_ lhNnf h'Dnf lj/f6 ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= @ sf ## 3/ kl/jf/<br />

lj:yflkt ePsf] ;DaGwdf ljgaxfb'/ a'9fn] <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L btf{<br />

u/fPsf], tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf @))÷@%) hgf ;d"x cfO{ ufpFn]nfO{<br />

8/, wfs, wDsL l<strong>bg</strong>], ql;t u/fpg] sf/0f ufpFdf a:g] g;sL lj:yflkt x'g'k/]sf]<br />

Jojxf]/f pNn]v u/]sf] kfOof] . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf lj:yflkt u/fPsf]df ljleGg<br />

;ª\3;+:yfsf] kxndf @)^#÷@÷!^ ut] cfˆg} 3/ ufpFdf kmls{ zflGtk"j{s hLjg<br />

latfO/x]sf] egL kLl8tn] @)^#÷!@÷$ df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pkIf]qLo sfof{nodf<br />

lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(% lhNnf afFs] g]kfnuGh gkf j8f g+= % a:g] /fdg/]z h};jfnnfO{ @)^!÷!÷!#<br />

/ !$ ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] Jof/]s hfpmF egL wDsL lbPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L<br />

k/]sf], ph"/Lsf] k|s[lt / ;dofjlw x]bf{ pQm ph"/Ldf yk sf/afxL ul//xg'gkg]{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(^_ alb{of lhNnf u'nl/of gkf j8f g+= !) sf]l7ofufpF a:g]] !* 3/kl/jf/ d'Qm<br />

sd}ofnfO{ ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf nufotsf JolQmn] 3/df cfuf] nufO{ x6fpg]<br />

sfo{ ePsf]n] k'g:yf{kgf, Ifltk"lt{;d]tsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ x'g cfPsf],<br />

xfn :yfgLo / d'Qm sd}ofaLr ldnfkq eO{ ljjfb ;dfwfg eO;s]sf], d'Qm<br />

sd}ofn] hUufwgL k|df0fkq k|fKt ul/;s]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(&_ afFs] lhNnf ljgf}gf uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] Otjf/L yf?nfO{ tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] wDsL lbPsf sf/0f 3/ 5f8L lj:yflkt ePsf] cj:<br />

yfdf lgh 3/df gePsf] a]nf @)^!÷&÷!& ut] ;'/Iff a]z SofDk ;f]gjiff{sf<br />

;'/IffsdL{ lghsf] 3/df uO{ lagfsf/0f 3/ vfgtnf;L u/L ;fdfg nyflnË<br />

kf/L lghsf] >LdtLnfO{ 8/, wfswDsL lbPsf]n] ;'/Iff u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL 3/ ufpFdf k'uL a'‰bf ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf<br />

;'/IffsdL{n] 3/ vfgtnf;L ug]{ egL ph""/L k/]sf] xfn åGåsf] cj:yf gx'Fbf /<br />

kLl8tsf] 5f]/Ln] ph"/L 6'ª\Uofpg hfgsf/L lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{<br />

7x{5 .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (153)


(*_ lhNnf sgsf;'Gb/L uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] dl0fh+u xdfnnfO{ kl/jf/;lxt<br />

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] 3/ n'6]sf] / s'6lk6 u/L 3/af6 lgsfnf<br />

u/]sf]n] hLjg–/Iffsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], åGåsfndf g]skf -<br />

dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] n'6lk6 u/]sf]df :yfgLo Iflt d"Nofª\sg ;ldltaf6<br />

u[x dGqfnodf l;kmfl/; u/L pQm /sd lghn] a'lem;s]sf], xfn lgh;lxt<br />

3/kl/jf/sf ;b:o cfˆg} 3/df :yflkt eO{ a;]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

((_ afh'/f lhNnf dft{8L @ a:g] cª\u] Njf/sf] 3/hUuf @)^) ;fndf /f]8df<br />

k/]sf] sf/0f Ifltk"lt{lagf eTsfOPsf]n] Ifltk"lt{ kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg x'Fbf xfn af6f] lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] / 3/ af6f]df<br />

gk/]sf] egL ph"/L 6'ª\Uofpg lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] eGg] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] h'Dnf sfof{noaf6<br />

n]lv cfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!))_ s}nfnL lhNnf d;'l/of uflj; j8f g+= % ;femf ahf/ a:g] ] k|lbk hf]zLsf] 3/hUuf<br />

@)%$ ;fnb]lv g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sfo{stf{n] sAhf u/L ef}lts ;fdu|L;d]t<br />

n'6lk6 u/]sf]n] Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu kxn u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{<br />

cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] kLl8tsf] 3/ ufpFdf uO{ a'‰bf @)^( efb|b]lv 3/hUuf<br />

5fl8lbPsf] / xfn kLl8t :jod\n] ef]urng u/L cfPsf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)!_ afFs] lhNnf j]txgL uflj; j8f g+= ^ a:g] gsf}+ eGg] /fd c;/ ofbjnfO{<br />

@)^@÷*÷@# ut] ufpFsf s]xL JolQmn] af]S;f]sf] cf/f]kdf ufnL unf}{h, b'/<br />

Jojxf/ u/]sf]n] cg';Gwfg u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

6f]nLn] kLl8t;Fu ;f]wk'5 ubf{ xfn pQm ;d:of g/x]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLnfO{<br />

lnlvt hfgsf/L lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)@_ s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] sfnfuf}8L eGg] :yfgaf6 ldlt @)^@÷(÷!) ut] g]skf -<br />

dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] s]o/ g]kfn :yfgLo ljsf; d~rsf] d=! h=^$ g+=sf]<br />

hLk sAhfdf lnPsf] ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L k/L cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf !<br />

xKtfleq} uf8L lkmtf{ u/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf s]o/ g]kfnaf6 <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLnfO{<br />

hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)#_ h'Dnf lhNnf lj/f6 uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] wghLt a'9f tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{df nfu]sf] / @)^@ ;fndf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ 5f8L cfTd;dk{0f<br />

u/L k]zf–Joj;fo u/L cfPsf]df dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f ul/Psf]n] ;s'zn<br />

d'lQmsf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL kLl8tsf]<br />

3/df k'uL a'‰bf xfn kLl8t 3/df g} a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] a'lemg cfPsf]n] pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(154) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!)$_ >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if alb{ofsf] ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] af # r !**( sf]<br />

uf8L @)^@÷!)÷% ut] df]tLk'/ uflj;sf] d6l/of rf]saf6 ;z:q dfcf]jfbL<br />

xltof/wf/L ;d"xn] sAhfdf lnO{ uPsf]n] lkmtf{ ug{ cfjZos kxn u/L kfpg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 a'‰bf 36gfsf] Ps<br />

dlxgfkl5 uf8L lkmtf{ u/fPsf] eGg] a'lemg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)%_ h'Dnf lhNnf dxt uflj; j8f g+= ( 3/ eO{ s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb| -jfujfgL_<br />

sfof{no b}n]vdf sfo{/t gGb k|;fb s7fot pQm sfof{noaf6 h'Dnf hfg egL<br />

ldlt @)^)÷!@÷!) df 3/tkm{ lx8]sf]df 3/df gcfPsf]n] cj:yf kQf nufO{<br />

kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pk If]qLo sfof{no h'Dnfdf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn]<br />

lghsf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf uO{ a'‰bf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt /fxt tyf Ifltk"lt{<br />

cfkmGtsf] k|fKt ul/;s]sf] eGg] a'lemPsf]n] a]kQf ePsf] JolQm xfn;Dd km]nf<br />

gk/]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf]n] pQm ph"/L tfd]nLdf /fVg] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)^_ sflnsf]6 lhNnf nfn' uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] ] nf]saxfb'/ bhL{n] @)$* ;fndf<br />

lzIfsdf lgo'lQm eO{ @)^) ;fndf /fxt sf]6fdf lzIfs eO{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf]df<br />

x]8df:6/n] lzIfsaf6 x6fO{ lbPsf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] kLl8t elgPsf] JolQm;Fu af/Daf/ ;Dks{ ug{<br />

vf]Hbf km]nf gk/]sf] / 3/ 7]ufgfdf uO{ a'‰bf;d]t km]nf gk/]sf], gf]s/Laf6<br />

x6fOPsf]df ;DalGwt lgsfodf sfg"gadf]lhd ph'/ ug{ ;lsg] g} b]lvPsf] /<br />

o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/;d]t gx'Fbf <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g @)^* sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd<br />

pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)&_ sflnsf]6 lhNnf nfn' uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] nf]saxfb'/ bhL{nfO{ g]skf -<br />

dfcf]jfbL_–n] @)^@÷#÷@% ut] ckx/0f u/L ? %) xhf/;d]t lkmtf{ u/fO{ kfpFm<br />

egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ u/]sf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL 3/ufpFdf k'uL a'‰bf ckx/0f<br />

ePsf] s]xL ;dokl5 g} d'Qm ePsf] / n'6lk6 ePsf] /sd Plsg gePsf]n] pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!)*_ s0ff{nL k|fljlws h'Dnfdf cWoog/t gGbnfn vqL;d]tn] k|fljlws k/LIff lbFbf<br />

k|lzIfs;F<strong>usf</strong>] ljjfbsf] sf/0f k|df0fkqdf satisfactory egL pNn]v u/L e]befj<br />

u/]sf]n] cfjZos sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pkIf]qLo sfof{no h'Dnfdf<br />

lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf], ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ;DalGwt<br />

sfof{nosf] hjfkm b]lvg cfPsf] b]lvFbf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf<br />

pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (155)


!)(_ lhNnf h'Dnf tftf]kfgL uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] g/]Gb|axfb'/ dxtn] @)^@÷!@÷!%<br />

ut]sf l<strong>bg</strong> g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgdf vfBfGg lng uPsf] a]nf ;z:q k|x/Ln] ckzAb<br />

af]n]sf] / s'6lk6 u/]sf] sf/0f bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pkIf]qLo<br />

sfof{no, h'Dnfdf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> k/]sf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>df ;fdfGo egfeg<br />

/ em8k;Dd ePsf] b]lvFbf / ph'/jfnfn] k|x/Ln] dfkmL dfUg'kg]{ bfaL /x]sf]<br />

b]lvFbf To; ljifodf yk sf/afxL u/L /xg'kg]{ gv]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]hL ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!!)_ /f]Nkf lhNnf Ol/jfª uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] bnaxfb'/ a'9fnfO{ hgcfGbf]ngsf]<br />

qmddf sf7df8f}Faf6 a]kQf kf/]sf]n] vf]htnf; u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLaf6 3/ufpFdf uO{ a'‰bf kl/jf/sf] ;Dks{df /xL :<br />

jtGqtfk"j{s hLjgofkg u/L cfPsf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!!!_ s}nfnL lhNnf ;xhk'/ uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] z]/axfb'/ P]/;d]tn] af9L–<br />

kLl8tsf] sf/0f P]nfgL hUufdf j;f]jf; u/L cfPsf]df :yfgLo JolQmn] s'6lk6<br />

u/L 3/6x/faf6 x6fpg vf]h]sf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{<br />

cfPsf], xfn k'gM:yflkt eO{ To; vfnsf] ;d:of gePsf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\Uofpg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf] / xfn s'g} ;d:of g/x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h x'g]<br />

7x{5 .<br />

!!@_ h'Dnf lhNnf sflQs:jfdL uflj; $ a:g] /fhaxfb'/ vqLn] ljut<br />

åGåsfn / kl5 klg ljleGg ;dodf cfˆgf] ljrf/ cleJoQm ug]{ qmddf<br />

;'/IffsdL{ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–n] oftgf lbPsf]n] 5fgljg u/L kfpFm egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ u/fPsf], ;DalGwt :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltaf6 cfjZos<br />

/fxtsf] nflu kxn e}/x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ 7x{5 .<br />

!!#_ s}nfnL lhNnf kj]/f uflj; j8f g+= ( a:g] s[i0fs'df/L nfld5fg]sf] x;'lnofl:yt<br />

3/hUuf ;'/Iff a]; SofDkleq kg{ uPsf]n] plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], xfn ;'/Iff a]; SofDkn] 3/hUuf 5fl8lbPsf] eGg] b]lvFbf yk<br />

sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!!$_ s}nfnL lhNnf kj]/f uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] sflnbf; b]jsf]6fsf] 3/hUuf ;+o'Qm<br />

;'/Iff a]; SofDkn] sAhf u/]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

6f]nLsf] cg';Gwfg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ xfn sAhf d'Qm ul/;s]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!!%_ 8f]6L lhNnf j5]{g uflj; j8f g+= ( a:g] jb|Lgfy hf]zLn] tTsfnLg g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–n] rGbf glbPsf] / k|zf;g;Fu ldn]sf] cf/f]kdf 3/hUuf sAhf<br />

(156) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


u/L lj:yflkt agfPsf]n] 5fgljg u/L Ifltk"lt{ kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf lgj]<strong>bg</strong><br />

lbPsf], xfn <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL;Fu kLl8t elgPsf JolQmn] 3/hUuf lkmtf{ u/L ?<br />

!,%),))) Ifltk"lt{;d]t k|fKt u/]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!!^_ ;'v]{t lhNnf lj/]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= * a:g] 8Da/k|;fb<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/LnfO{ @)^@÷!@÷!* ut] slknj:t' lhNnfsf] l;dfIf]qaf6 ef/tLo<br />

;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf agfPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf], ;/sf/L<br />

lgsfosf] hjfkmdf lghnfO{ ef/tLo k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L uf]08f h]ndf y'gfdf<br />

/x]sf] / kfFr jif{ s}b ;hfo e'Qmfg u/L @)%*÷!!÷@# ut] y'gfd'Qm eO{ xfn<br />

cfˆg} 3/df j;L cfPsf] kfOPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!!&_ h'Dnf lhNnf tftf]kfgL uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] xl/ZrGb| w/fnfnfO{ 3/df cfO{<br />

;'/IffsdL{n] s'6lk6 u/L tLg dlxgf;Dd la/fdL ePsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L kg{<br />

cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] 3/7]ufgfdf uO{ a'‰bf :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt / lhNnf<br />

k|zf;g sfof{nodf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbO{ ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!!*_ h'Dnf lhNnf tftf]kfgL uflj; j8f g+= * ltnfsf]6 a:g] sGgL<br />

/fjnnfO{ @)^@ ;fn h]7 dlxgfdf dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp<br />

u/L e]6\g;d]t glbPsf]n] ;fj{hlgs u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pkIf]qLo sfof{no<br />

h'Dnfdf ph"/L lbPsf], lghsf] ph"/L :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] P]g @)^* sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!!(_ gjnk/f;L lhNnf b'Dsf}nL l:yt rf}w/L u|'ksf] u+ufb]jL rf}w/L u|ffdsf ;xfos<br />

k|aGws ;'/]Gb| <strong>clwsf</strong>/L;d]tnfO{ ;fj{hlgs sf/afxL ug]{ r]tfjgL;lxt<br />

hgcfJXfg ;fKtflxsdf @)^#÷&÷!& ut] g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;ª\3<br />

gjnk/f;Lsf ;+of]hs tf/fk|;fb e';fnsf] jStJo k|sflzt ePsf]n] cfwf/e"t<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ x'g cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] kLl8tsf] xfnsf] cj:yfaf/] a'‰bf ph"/L lbFbfsf]<br />

cj:yfdf wDsL /x]sf] ePtf klg xfn To:tf] cj:yf g/x]sf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt<br />

x'g cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@)_ lhNnf s}nfnL jlnof uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] ;/f]h k|;fb cof{nsf] lhNnf<br />

s}nfnL jlnof uflj; @ l:yt h=lj=%—!^—)& hUuf tTsfnLg ljb|f] ]xL g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–n] @)%( ;fnb]lv sAhf u/L hUuf lkmtf{ gu/]sf]n] cfjZos sf/<br />

afxLsf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ x'g cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (157)


<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ åGåsf] ;dodf hUuf sAhf u/]sf] / xfn sAhf ePsf] ;DklQ lkmtf{<br />

eO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg e};s]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@!_ h'Dnf lhNnf dfnLsf9f uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] bnktL a:g]tn] @)%*÷(÷!@<br />

ut] ;]gf / dfcf]jfbLsf] bf]xf]/f] eL8Gtdf qm; kmfol/ªdf k/L sDd/<br />

df uf]nL nflu 3fOt] ePsf]n] cfjZos 5fgljg u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

pkIf]qLo sfof{no h'Dnfdf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> btf{ ePsf], lghn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6<br />

/fxtjfkt ? #$,^&%.— /sd a'em]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@@_ lhNnf s}nfnL ehgL uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] bLnaxfb'/ 7u'Ggfn] g]kfn 6]lnsd<br />

ehgLsf] ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf] tTsfnLg g]kfnL ;]gfn] @)%( ;fndf 3/hUuf sAhf<br />

u/]sf]n] a];xf/f hLjg latfpg afWo ePsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no<br />

wgu9Ldf ph"/L btf{ u/]sf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ pQm<br />

hUuf xfn 5f8L lbPsf] / Ifltk"lt{jfkt g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? $^,))).— k|fKt<br />

ul/;s]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@#_ h'Dnf lhNnf lj/f6 uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] ;Ltf kl/of/nfO{ @)%*÷&÷!&<br />

ut] tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ha/h:tL cfkm";Fu n}hfg<br />

bafa÷wDsL lbPsf]n] lj:yflkt ePsf] sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f u/L kfpFm<br />

egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L lbPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] 3/7]ufgfdf uO{ a'‰bf lj:yflkt<br />

ePsf] geO{ bfh'nfO{ e]6\g sf7df8f}F uPsf] / xfn kms]{/ cfˆg} 3/df a;f]af; u/L<br />

cfPsf] eGg] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>af6 b]lvg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@$_ lhNnf alb{of df]tLk'/ uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] xl/x/ e08f/LnfO{ tTsfnLg<br />

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] @)%*÷!)÷@* ut] kqmfp u/L lr;fkfgL Jof/]sdf /fvL<br />

oftgf lbPsf]n] 5fgljg u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

cg';Gwfg 6f]nL lghsf] 3/7]ufgfdf uO{ a'‰bf lgh k;ndf Jofkf/ u/L a;L<br />

cfPsf] xfn lghsf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf 7Ls /x]sf] oftgf k'li6 ug]{ k|df0f sfuh<br />

k]z ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L tfd]nLdf /fVg] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@%_ sflnsf]6 lhNnf dfGd $ a:g] wgs[i0f rf}nfufO{nfO{ ;z:q åGåsf] a]nf<br />

dfcf]jfbLdf /xbf anfTsf/ u/]sf] cf/f]kdf dfcf]jfbL sdf08/x¿n] oftgf<br />

lbPsf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L k/]sf], lzlj/leq ck/fw u/L<br />

cfkmF} efuL lx8]sf] egL dfcf]jfbLaf6 hjfkm k|fKt ePsf], xfn ;s'zn ufpFd}<br />

al;/x]sf] / oftgfdf k|df0f;d]t s]xL gx'Fbf pQm ph"/L <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g @)^* sf]<br />

bkmf !# adf]lhd vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(158) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!@^_ lhNnf alb{of df]tLk'/ uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] 7Uuf yf?nfO{ @)^!÷%÷@ ut]<br />

tTsfnLg g]kfnL ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L lr;fkfgL Jof/]sdf y'gfdf /fvL oftgf<br />

lbPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] kLl8t elgPsf<br />

JolQmsf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf uO{ a'‰bf lgh cfˆg} 3/df a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] /<br />

zf/Ll/s cj:yf xfn 7Ls /x]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf] b]lvFbf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] P]g @)^* sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd pQm ph"/L tfd]nLdf /fVg] lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!@&_ a}t8L lhNnf bz/yrGb| gkf j8f g+= ! a:g] xl/l;+x e08f/Lsf] 3/df ldlt<br />

@)^!÷!)÷* ut] tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ad ljikmf]6<br />

u/L 3/ Wj:t kf/]sf] x'Fbf 5fgljg u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL 36gf:yn uO{ a'‰bf kLl8tn] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf lgj]<strong>bg</strong><br />

lbO{ ?=Ps nfv cf7 xhf/ /fxt k|fKt ul/;s]sf] b]lvFbf ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong><br />

lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!@*_ s}nfnL lhNnf wgu9L gkf % a:g] g]qaxfb'/ /fjnnfO{ 3/fo;L n]gb]gsf]<br />

ljifodf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{x¿n] @)^(÷$÷@* ut] n]gb]gsf<br />

sfuhft;d]t nu]sf]n] ;f] sfuhft lkmtf{ u/fO{ kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], ;f] ljifo <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!@(_ alb{of lhNnf df]tLk'/ uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] /fd;/L lj=s=nfO{ tTsfnLg<br />

g]kfnL ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L oftgf lbPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL kLl8tsf] 3/7]ufgfdf uO{ /fdz/L lj=s=sf] >Ldfg s0f{ jxfg'/<br />

lj=s=;Fu a'‰bf >LdtL /fdz/L lj=s=nfO{ @)^@÷!!÷@ ut] 3/af6} lu/ˆtf/ u/L<br />

!@ l<strong>bg</strong>kl5 d'Qm ePsf], oftgf ;DaGwdf s'g} k|df0f g/x]sf] / clxn] cj:yf<br />

/fd|f] /xL j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu s'j]tdf uPsf]n]= ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong><br />

lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L tfd]nLdf /fVg] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#)_ lhNnf s}nfnL jf}lgof uflj; j8f g+= % df /x]sf] 3/hUuf g]skf<br />

-dfcf]jfbL_–n] @)%& ;fnb]lv sAhf u/]sf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL sf=lh=<br />

dxf/fhuGh a:g] ;Tok/fqmd zfxsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

6f]nLn] :ynut cg';Gwfg ubf{ xfn pQm hUuf dfcf]jfbLn] 5fl8;s]sf] egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

!#!_ wg'iff lhNnf 9f8Llememf uflj; j8f g+= ! 3/ eO{ /f]Nkf lhNnfdf sfo{/t<br />

lzIfs /fdrGb| uf]OtnfO{ afu]Zj/L lg=df=lj= xf]dfdf sfo{/t /x]sf]<br />

cj:yfdf jnhˆtL cjsf; lbPsf]n] k'gjxfnLsf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (159)


cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLaf6 cg';Gwfg ubf{ lgh c:yfoL lzIfssf] ¿kdf<br />

/f]Nkfdf ljleGg ljBfnodf sfo{/t /x]sf], c:yfoL lzIfs lgo'lQm ug]{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ ePsf]n] ;f]xL cfwf/df cjsf; lbPsf] eGg]<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#@_ s}nfnL lhNnf uf]bfj/L uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] k|sfzrGb| ltjf/Lsf]<br />

a'9Ltf]nfdf /x]sf] 3/6x/f @)%& ;fndf afv|f ljsf; kmfd{, a'9Ltf]nfn] x6fO{<br />

eTsfPsf]n] Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]u 6f]nLn]<br />

@)&)÷$÷@( ut] lgh k|sfzrGb ltjf/L;Fu ;Dks{ ubf{ cfˆgf] hUuf<br />

/fhdfu{n] k/]sf], xfn s'g} ljjfb g/x]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> hfgsf/L<br />

u/fPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

!##_ blnt <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ª\u7gdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L g]q lj=s=nfO{ Hofg dfg]{ wDsL<br />

lbPsf]n] cfjZos 5fgljg u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] ;f]wk'5 ubf{ xfn To:tf] wDsL g/x]sf] / g]q lj=s=n] ;s'zn<br />

sfd u/L cfPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#$_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn gkf !! a:g] 6Lsf/fd cof{nnfO{ c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/0f<br />

u/]sf]n] l/xfO{sf] kxn ul/l<strong>bg</strong> egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

6f]nLaf6 cg';Gwfg ubf{ lghsf] alxgL algsf e08f/Ln] bfh' 6Lsf/fd cof{n<br />

ckx/0f d'Qm eO{ xfn sf7df8f}Fdf /x]sf] egL hfgsf/L u/fPsf] / 6Lsf/fd<br />

cof{n @)^& ;fn j}zfv dlxgfdf Sofgf8fdf /x]sf] a]nf x[bo3ftsf] sf/0f<br />

d[To' ePsf], ;a} kl/jf/ xfn Sofgf8fd} /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf]n] pQm ph"/L<br />

vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#%_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# b]jLgu/ a:g] hLjnfn 1jfnLnfO{<br />

@)^$÷%÷@) ut]b]lv 3/df y'g]/ /flvPsf]n] :jf:Yosf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f u/L<br />

kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L k/]sf], xfn kLl8tsf] :jf:Yof]krf/ eO/x]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\<br />

UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t k/]sf] b]lvFbf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] P]g @)^* sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd<br />

pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#^_ s}nfnL lhNnf kxndfgk'/ uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] ] k'ik/fh e§sf] hUuf @)%*<br />

;fnb]lv g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–n] sAhf u/]sf]n] cfjZos kxn u/L kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Laf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf ;f] hUuf<br />

@)&)÷$÷!^ df a]rlavg ul/;s]sf] / xfn s'g} ;d:of g/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg<br />

cfPsf]n] pQm ph""/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#&_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! ldngrf]s a:g] s[i0faxfb'/ a:<br />

g]tsf] >LdtL df]gLsnf Gof}kfg]n] 8f= /fdlszf]/ s§]n;Fu of]uf l;Sg] qmddf<br />

(160) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


wd{sf] ;DaGwdf kfl/jfl/s emu8f u/fPsf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpmF <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], kL8s elgPsf JolQm ef/tdf uPsf] / kLl8t elgPsL JolQm;d]t<br />

3/df a;L cfPsf] eGg] a'lemg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#*_ h'Dnf lhNnf rG<strong>bg</strong>gfy uflj; j8f g+= ( a:g]] rGb|dl0f g]kfnLnfO{ @)^%÷#÷@#<br />

ut] lgjf{rg <strong>cfof</strong>]u zfvf sfof{no h'Dnfsf ;xfos ;Gt/fd af]xf]/fn] ;fk6L<br />

lbPsf] /sd dfUg hfFbf 8'd zAb k|of]u u/L s'6lk6;d]t u/]sf]n] hftLo<br />

e]befjdf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 36gf ;DaGwdf b'j} kIfaf6<br />

ePsf] uNtL ;Rofpg] / kLl8t kIfnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg] / ;fk6L lnPsf]<br />

/sd lkmtf{ ug]{ zt{df ldnfkq ePsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!#(_ s}nfnL lhNnf wgu9L gu/kflnsf j8f g+= % x;gk'/l:yt rDkf /fO;<br />

ldnn] jftfj/0f k|b'if0f u/L :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\<br />

ePsf] egL @)^%÷%÷@& df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf], xfn k|b'if0f<br />

/f]syfdsf] nflu cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/ /fO; ldnn] tof/ u/]sf] / xfn<br />

:yfgLo jfl;Gbf / pBf]uaLr s'g} ljjfb /x]sf] gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!$)_ alb{of lhNnf g]nfk'/ uflj; j8f g+= $ /fgLk'/ a:g] b'uf{ vqLnfO{ @)%(÷!÷@@<br />

ut] tTsfnLg g]kfnL ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L oftgf lbPsf] ;DaGwdf 5fgljg u/L<br />

kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] cg';Gwfg ubf{ lghsf]<br />

cj:yf xfn ;fdfGo /x]sf], :jf:yf]krf/ u/]sf] k|df0f;d]t gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

tfd]nLdf /fVg] lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!$!_ s}nfnL lhNnf pdf{ uflj; l:yt ;/f}6f ;8s lsgf/fdf 5fk|f] jgfO{ a;]sf<br />

@% af9L–kLl8t a:tLdf @)^%÷!!÷$ ut] ag sfof{noaf6 uPsf] u:<br />

tL 6f]nLn] b'/Jojxf/ u/]sfn] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 :ynut cg';Gwfg ubf{ af9L–kLl8tx¿<br />

;f] :yfgaf6 cf—cfˆgf] 3/ ufpFdf lkmtf{ eO;s]sf] / pQm If]q ;fd'bflos<br />

agdf kl/0ft e};s]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!$@_ s~rgk'/ lhNnf ledbQ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) a:g] ] wg]Zj/L rGbnfO{ lghsf]<br />

>Ldfg gf/fo0f rGbn] ljjfx u/]sf] s]xL ;dokl5 b]lv s'6lk6 u/L 3/af6<br />

lgsfnf;d]t u/]sf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 a'‰bf wg]Zj/L rGbn] >Ldfg;Fu ;DaGw ljR5]bsf]<br />

nflu s~rgk'/ lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f btf{ u/L lghsf] kIfdf km};nf ePsf] /<br />

xfn k'g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> cbfntdf d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvFbf cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg<br />

ljifodf o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/ gx'Fbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (161)


!$#_ sf7df8f}F lhNnf sfdgkf j8f g+= #% tLgs'g] a:g] x]dgf/fo0f<br />

l3ld/]nfO{ rf]/Lsf] cleof]udf d'2f rnfO{ sf/fuf/ zfvf s~rgk'/df y'gfdf<br />

/fv]sf] / lghsf] :jf:Yof]krf/ x'g g;s]sf]n] cfjZos kxn u/L kfpFm egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLaf6 lghsf] :jfYosf] cj:yfaf/]<br />

cg'udg u/]sf] / sf/fuf/ ;?jfsf] nflu kxn eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf @)^& ;fn<br />

sflQsdf lgh y'gfd'Qm eo;s]sf] b]lvg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!$$_ alb{of lhNnf df]tLk'/ uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] xl/axfb'/ v8\sfnfO{ @)^^÷!÷@@<br />

ut] c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/]sf]n] ;s'zn l/xfO{sf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ xfn ;'v]{tsf] l5Gr'df<br />

j;f]jf; u/L cfPsf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

!$%_ s}nfnL lhNnf d;'l/of 3/ eO{ hgtf k|flj ljzfngu/ wgu9Ldf sfhdf /xL<br />

sfo{/t lzlIfsf lgdf{nfs'df/L zdf{ b]jsf]6fnfO{ k|wfgfWofks ldgf hf]zLn]<br />

xflh/ x'g glbPsf]n] cfjZos kxn u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 36gfaf/] a'‰bf xfn ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg<br />

eO;s]sf] x'Fbf ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf]n] pQm ph"/Ldf yk sf/<br />

afxL ul//xg'kg]{ gb]lvFbf ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!$^_ h'Dnf lhNnf wfkf uflj; j8f g+= ( a:g] pdfsfGt xdfnnfO{ gsfjwf/L<br />

;d"xn] ckx/0f u/L xTof u/]sf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLaf6 cg';Gwfg ubf{ ck/fwdf cg';Gwfg eO{ h'Dnf<br />

lhNnf cbfntdf st{Jo Hofg d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] ;d]t b]lvFbf cGo ;flwsf/<br />

lgsfodf sfg"gadf]lhd ljrf/fwLg st{Jo Hofg d'2fdf o; <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 yk<br />

sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!$&_ ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) sflnsfgu/ 3/ eO{ lgdf{0f nfu"<br />

kbfy{ dBkfg pkrf/ tyf k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|df y'gfdf /x]sf lji0f' eGg] lrGtfdl0f<br />

e08f/LnfO{ u}/sfg"gL y'gfd'Qm u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL uO{ a'‰bf kLl8tnfO{ lghsf] a'af Clif/fd e08f/Ln]<br />

a'emL nfg'ePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!$*_ lgnlx/f ;dfh zfvf sfof{no a'6jndf sfo{/t t];|f] lnª\uL ;Ldf cfn] / ntf<br />

-gfd kl/jt{g_ nfO{ k|x/Ln] @)^&÷&÷@^ ut] ceb| Jojxf/ u/]sf] ;DaGwdf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf k|x/L<br />

/ kLl8t;d]t;Fu a'‰bf b'j} kIfn] cf–cfkm"n] u/]sf] uNtL :jLsf/ u/L cfufdL<br />

(162) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


l<strong>bg</strong>df uNtL gbf]xf]¥ofpg] k|lta4tf u/]sf] / kLl8tn] cfˆgf] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong><br />

lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!$(_ s~rgk'/ lhNnf b]vn e"ld uflj; j8f g+= ( a:g] ;Ltf lji6nfO{<br />

jfO;LPn atfpg] pQd e08f/Ln] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf j]OHhtL ug]{ j<strong>bg</strong>fd<br />

u/fpg] sfo{ u/]sf]n] 5fgljg u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], lgh<br />

pQd e08f/L klxn] dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ ePsf], lghsf] unt cfr/0fsf sf/0f<br />

kf6L{af6 lgisf;g ul/Psf] eGg] Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ s~rgk'/sf OGrfh{sf]<br />

hjfkm b]lvPsf], kLl8t;Fu <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] a'‰bf @)^( r}qb]lv wDsL l<strong>bg</strong><br />

aGb u/]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> hfgsf/L u/fPsf] ;d]t b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!%)_ s~rgk'/ lhNnf k/f;g uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] jL/axfb'/ sfsL{nfO{ @)^(÷!@÷!)<br />

ut] k|x/Ln] ceb| Jojxf/ u/]sf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] lgh jL/axfb'/ sfsL{;Fu ;Dks{ ubf{ k|x/Ln] uNtL :jLsf/<br />

u/L xfn ;d:of ;dfwfg e};s]sf] eGg] hfgsf/L lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o eof] .<br />

!%!_ s}nfnL lhNnf wgu9L gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @ a:g]] nf]saxfb'/ l;+xsf] 5f]/L<br />

jif{ !! sf] l;d/g l;+xnfO{ Pe/]i6 Oªln; jf]l8{ª :s'n j}yfj]N8L s}nfnLsf<br />

lzIfsn] u[xsfo{ gu/]sf] egL lzIfsn] zf/Ll/s oftgf l<strong>bg</strong>] u/]sf]n] sf/afxL u/L<br />

kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] 36gfaf/]<br />

cg';Gwfg hfFra'em ubf{ @)&)÷@÷@! ut] lj1fg lzlIfsf / k|wfgfWofksn]<br />

u[xsfo{ gu/]sf] ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf], ToxL ljifodf cleefjs / ljBfnoaLr<br />

cg'zf;g sfod /fVg] egL ;xdlt eO;s]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> cleefjsn]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf hfgsf/L;d]t u/fPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!%@_ s}nfnL lhNnf wgu9L gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ! a:g] /fh]Gb| rf}w/Ln] cfˆgf<br />

gfafns 5f]/L / >LdtLnfO{ ;fem' d';ndfgn] nnfO{ kmsfO{ a]kQf kf/]sf] x'Fbf<br />

sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L btf{ u/fPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfg<br />

x'Fbf k|x/Ln] @)&)÷$÷* df kqmfp u/L ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5f]/LnfO{ cfkm" lhDdf<br />

lnPsf] / >LdtLn] eufO{ n}hfg] ;fem' d';ndfg;Fu ljjfx u/]sf] x'Fbf d}n] lrQ<br />

a'emfO{ cfk;L ;xdlt;d]t eO;s]sf] egL kLl8tsf] hfgsf/L ldl;n ;+nUg<br />

b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

!%#_ s}nfnL lhNnf rf}dfnf uflj; j8f g+= * a:g]] nfnaxfb'/ /fjtnfO{<br />

@)&)÷$÷!$ ut] jg ljef<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] kqmfp u/L s'6lk6 u/]sf]n] 5fgljg u/L<br />

kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (163)


x]bf{ ag–k}bfjf/;DaGwL ph"/Ldf kqmfp u/L ! dlxgf y'gfdf /fvL y'gfd'Qm<br />

eO;s]sf] / ;f]xL 36gfsf ;DaGwdf lhNnf cbfnt s}nfnLdf d'2f k/L ljrf/fwLg<br />

cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!%$_ s}nfnL lhNnf u'bl/of uflj; $ a:g] kz'{/fd /fgfnfO{ P]= wgu9L gu/kflnsf<br />

j8f g+= == x;gk'/ a:g] xs{axfb'/ b]pjfn] @)&)÷#÷!@ ut] hUufsf] ljifodf<br />

3/df nlu s'6lk6 u/]sf] / af/Daf/ kmf]g dfkm{t wDsL lbPsf]n] 5fgljg<br />

u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL<br />

kLl8t elgPsf JolQmsf] 3/ ufpFdf u} a'‰bf ljjfbsf] ljifo ldln;s]sf] /<br />

k|x/Ln];d]t cg';Gwfg u/]sf]n] ph"/L 6'ª\UofO{ l<strong>bg</strong> hfgsf/L u/fPsf] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!%%_ h'Dnf lhNnf dxt uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] k]df cfª8f]s tfdfªsf] 3/df kfl/jfl/s<br />

5nkmn eO/x]sf] j]nf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no h'Dnfaf6 cfˆgf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln]<br />

w/ks8, s'6lk6 u/]sf]n] 5fgljg u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L k/]sf],<br />

cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf kLl8tn] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nL ;dIf uNtL ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln]<br />

dfkmL dfu]sf] / b'j} kIfaLr ldnfkq ePsf]n] sf/afxL :ylut u/L kfpg<br />

@)&)÷&÷@$ df lgj]<strong>bg</strong>;d]t lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!%^_ ef/t df]tLxf/L 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}F uf}zfnfdf 8]/f u/L a:g] /fh' ;fxnfO{ rf]/Lsf]<br />

cleof]udf @)^*÷!÷@& ut] uf}zfnf lkufnf l:yt k;naf6 k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/<br />

u/L $ l<strong>bg</strong>;Dd dxfgul/o k|x/L k|efu, uf}zfnfdf /flvPsf], To;kl5 k|x/L<br />

j[Q af}4df /flvPsf], oftgfsf] sf/0f lghsf] d[To' ePsf]n] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg<br />

u/L kLl8tnfO{ ;xof]<strong>usf</strong>] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ePsf]<br />

cg';Gwfg / km/]lG;s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>;d]tsf] cWoog ubf{ d[To'sf] sf/0f oftgfaf6<br />

ePsf] eGg] gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!%&_ wflbª lhNnf yfqm] uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] ejfgL tfdfªsf] dxfgul/o k|x/L<br />

j[Q sfnLdf6Ldf lx/fztd} /x]sf] a]nf em'l08P/ d[To' ePsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

;"rgf k|fKt ePsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL @)^*÷!@÷% ut] 36gf ePs}<br />

l<strong>bg</strong> vl6O{ k]z ePsf] cg';Gwfg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ lghn] cfTdxTof ug'{sf] d"n<br />

sf/0f 9's'6L v]n /x]sf] kfOPsf]n] 9's'6L v]nnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{, lgoldt agfpg<br />

cfjZos gLlt lgod th'{df ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ gLltut l;kmfl/; u/L<br />

em'l08P/ cfTdxTof ePsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g @)^*<br />

sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(164) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!%*_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf ;xf]vf uflj; j8f g+= * a:g] s'i0fs'df/ kf;jfgsf] ldlt<br />

@)%*÷^÷!* df xTof ePsf] 36gfdf sf/afxL gePsf]n] cfjZos kxn u/L<br />

kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dxf]Q/Ln] 36gfdf<br />

;+nUg cf/f]lktx¿ ;n]Gb| emf, k|;Ggs'df/ emf, /d0fs'df/ emf, >j0fs'df/<br />

emf;d]t pk/ st{Jo–Hofgdf cg';Gwfg u/L cleof]u kq;fy dxf]Q/L lhNnf<br />

cbfntdf k]z eO{ ;Ddflgt cbfntaf6 k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /fvL sf/afxL ug]{<br />

cfb]z eO{ d'2f ;Ddflgt cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph""/L vf/]h<br />

ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!%(_ pbok'/ lhNnf 3/ ePsf /d0f e§/fO{nfO{ @)%(÷#÷!) ut] ;'g;/L lhNnf<br />

O6x/Laf6 ;'/IffsdL{n] ljgf cleof]u kqmfp u/L pbok'/df y'gfdf /fv]sf]<br />

x'gfn] u}/sfg"gL y'gf d'Qm u/L afFRg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f u/L kfpFm egL<br />

cfo]fudf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], u[x dGqfnosf] kqfg';f/ lghnfO{ cft+ssf/L tyf<br />

ljWj+;fTds sfo{ lgoGq0f tyf ;hfo P]g @)%* sf] bkmf ( adf]lhd gh/<br />

jGbdf /fvL @)%(÷&÷!& af6 gh/jGb d'Qm ePsf] egL hjfkm k|fKt ePsf]<br />

sfg"gadf]lhd y'gfdf /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!^)_ pbok'/ lhNnf a]N6f/ uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] lgjt{dfg uflj; cWoIf dgs'df/<br />

/fO{nfO{ ldlt @)^!÷!!÷( ut] a]N6f/ ahf/af6 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n]<br />

ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/]sf]n] ;s'zn l/xfO{sf] nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 a'‰bf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0fkl5 d'Qm ul/;s]sf]<br />

hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!^!_ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no pbok'/df sfo{/t k|x/L hjfg j]g' k|;fb e]6jfnnfO{<br />

bz} dgfpg 3/ uPsf] a]nf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] @)^@÷&÷@ ut]<br />

ckx/0f u/]sf]n] ;s'zn d'lQmsf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

cg';Gwfg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f<br />

u/L Ps dlxgfkl5 d'Qm ul/;s]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!^@_ pbok'/ lhNnf a:g] lbnaxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n]<br />

@)^@÷!@÷& df ckx/0f u/]sf]n] ;s'zn d'lQmsf] kxn ul/l<strong>bg</strong> <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L<br />

kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf lgh sAhfd'Qm eO{<br />

:jtGqk"j{s hLjgofkg u/]sf] a'lemg cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!^#_ pbok'/ lhNnf ;fpg] uflj; j8f g+= ^ a:g] hLjg /fO{nfO{ @)^@÷&÷!( ut]<br />

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/]sf]n] ;s'zn d'lQmsf nflu kxn<br />

ul/l<strong>bg</strong> <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfg x' Fbf ckx/0f ePsf]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (165)


s]xL dlxgfkl5 d'Qm ul/lbPsf] / xfn ;'/lIft ;fy a;]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!^$_ pbok'/ lhNnf lqo'uf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! a:g] k'ik/fh /fO{ufO{ -kl/of/_<br />

nfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_–sf sfo{stf{n] @)^#÷&÷!# df ckx/0f u/]sf]n] ;s'zn<br />

d'lQmsf nflu <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] 6f]nLn] cg';Gwfg ubf{ xfn<br />

ckx/0f d'Qm eO{ :jtGq ¿kdf hLjgofkg ul//x]sf] a'lemg cfPsf]n] pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!^%_ pbok'/ lhNnfdf b'O{ jif{b]lv k|fylds lzIfssf] ¿kdf sfo{/t lzIfs u[x<br />

lhNnf l;/xfdf ;?jf eO{ uPsf ;'/]Gb| l;+xnfO{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no l;/xfn]<br />

lhNnfGt/ gu/sf]n] cfjZos kxn u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

lhNnfgt/ ug]{ ljifo lhNnf lzIff sfof{nos} If]qflwsf/sf] ljifo b]lvFbf cfˆgf]<br />

s'g <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\ ePsf] k|i6 ph"/Ldf pNn]v ug{ ;s]sf] ;d]t gb]lvFbf<br />

pQm ph"/L vf/]h x'g] 7x{5 .<br />

!^^_ pbok'/ lhNnf xl6yf uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] kz'{/fd vqLnfO{ $.% hgfsf] ;ª\<br />

Vofdf cfPsf ckx/0fsf/Ln] ldlt @)^#÷!)÷!$ df ckx/0f u/]sf]n] cfjZos<br />

kxn u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf lgh<br />

ckx/0f d'Qm eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

eof] .<br />

!^&_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf ;'Gb/k'/ uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] u0f]z ofbjnfO{ ldlt @)^% efb|<br />

@& ut] /ftL c1ft xltof/wf/L ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/]sf] / /ftL ;a}hgf ;'t]sf]<br />

a]nf efuL km'TsL cfPsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ph"/L u|x0f u/]sf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf cf/f]lkt JolQmx¿ pk/ ckx/0f ug]{ tyf<br />

z/L/ jGws lng]sf] dxnsf] s;'/ / ;hfo u/L kfpg cleof]u kq btf{ eO{<br />

dxf]Q/L lhNnf cbfntaf6 sf/afxL eO/x]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg<br />

kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf o; <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 yk sf/afxL ug{ dgfl;j gb]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!^*_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf jygfxf uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] k'lgtfb]jL ofbj, lghsf] >Ldfg<br />

xl/gG<strong>bg</strong> /fo / ;f}tfaLr 3/fo;L ljjfb rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf k'lgtfb]jL ofbjsf]<br />

d[To' ePsf] zj n'sfPsf] k|x/Laf6 k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg gePsf]n] cfjZos<br />

kxn u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfg x' Fbf<br />

cf/f]lkt JolQmpk/ kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvFbf / kmf}hbf/L<br />

d'2fsf] ljifo o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

(166) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!^(_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf wdf}/f uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] ;lsgf vft'gnfO{ ;f]xL 7fpF a:g]]<br />

s]xL JolQmn] @)^&÷*÷!) df af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufPsf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm<br />

eGg] <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L k/]sf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg<br />

ubf{ ;f]xL ljifodf dxf]Q/L lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f rln ljrf/fwLg cj:yfdf<br />

/x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .<br />

!&)_ af/f lhNnf 5ftflkk/f uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] lqb]jL 6]S;6fonsf] @)^$<br />

;fnb]lv sfo{/t x/]/fd k|;fb ofbjsf] dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf k|x/Lsf]<br />

uf]nL nflu d[To' eO{ k|lhcsf] ;+of]hsTjdf a;]sf] a}7sn] !) nfv pknAw<br />

u/fpg] ;xdlt ePsf]df % nfv ?lkofF dfq pknAw u/fPsf]n] afFsL Ifltk"lt{<br />

pknAw u/fO{ kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L k/]sf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{<br />

ph'/stf{n] bfaL u/]h:tf] !) nfv Ifltk"lt{ l<strong>bg</strong>] lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPg . o;/L<br />

;Demf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf] /sd pknAw u/fpg] cj:yf gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!&!_ wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= $ lt/x'ltof uf5Ldf kg]{ u'7Lsf]<br />

hUuf /fdhLt ofbjn] #) jif{b]lv km';sf] 5fk|f] agfO{ lrofk;n /fvL xsef]u<br />

u/L cfPsf]df u' [7L sfof{non] lagf ;"rgf km';sf] 3/6x/f tf]8kmf]8 u/L x6fPsf]<br />

egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfgaf6 u'7Lsf] hUufaf6<br />

3/6x/f x6fpg af/Daf/ tfs]tf / ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ubf{;d]t gx6fPsf]<br />

/ u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf xsef]u u/]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ljifo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;Fu ;DalGwt<br />

gb]lvFbf vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!&@_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf jygfx uflj; j8f g+= & e?cfxL a:g] ] /fdzf]xfu ld>sf]<br />

3/df /x]sf] a}jflxt sfo{qmddf to ePsf] a}08 afhf gcfO{ csf]{ a}08 afhf<br />

ahfPjfkt k};f dfu]sf] ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], ;f] ljifo <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!&#_ ;Kt/L lhNnf k;]/f uflj; j8f g+= % a:g] lzj zª\s/ bf;sf] Ps o'jtL;Fu<br />

k|]d ;DaGw /x]sf] sf/0f ljif v'jfO{ @)^* df3 !( ut] xTof ePsf]n] sf/afxL<br />

u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfgaf6 ;f] 36gfdf<br />

cf/f]lkt lht]Gb| rf}w/LnfO{ kqmfp u/L cg';Gwfg k"/f eO{ ;Ddflgt ;Kt/L<br />

lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f ljrf/fwLg b]lvFbf kmf}hbf/L ck/fwsf] ;DaGwdf o;<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!&$_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf l;lukf+xL uflj; j8f g+= ! a:g] ] jb|L 7fs'/;lxt lghsf]<br />

kl/jf/nfO{ ldlt @)^(÷$÷@* df ;f]xL uflj;sf /fdk|;fb ;fx;d]tn]<br />

tfnfaGbL u/L lj:yflkt agfPsf]n] sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph" "/L kg{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (167)


cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf ufpFn];F<strong>usf</strong>] ljjfbdf cfkm}F<br />

ufpF 5f]8L lxF8]sf] / pQm ljifo <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!&%_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf auf/f uflj; j8f g+= ( d';x/L 6f]n a:g] gy'gL ;bfsf] ( jlif{of<br />

5f]/L ;Gtnf ;bf @)^(÷*÷@* df cfˆg} xh'/cfdf;Fu ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf<br />

x/fPsf] /ftL g} k|x/L cfO{ cg';Gwfg k|lqmof ;'? u/]sf], ef]nLkN6 v]tdf d[t<br />

cj:yfdf km]nf k/]kl5 bfx;+:sf/ ePsf] t/ k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg gePsf] egL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], cbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd cf/f]lkt d[tssf a'jf<br />

gy'gL ;bfnfO{ k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /fvL sf/afxL cufl8 j9fPsf] b]lvFbf pQm<br />

ljifo ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt eO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf vf/]h ug]{<br />

lg0f{o eof] .<br />

!&^_ sf:sL lhNnf cbfntsf] @)^(÷%÷#! sf] km};nf adf]lhd 7uL d'2fdf sf:<br />

sL sf/fuf/df /x]sf dgf]h dfgGw/sf] sn]hf]df /f]u nfuL ;Nolqmof ePkl5<br />

/f}tx6 sf/fuf/df k7fOPsf] x'Fbf pkrf/sf] ;'ne 7fpFdf :yfgfGt/0f u/L kfpFm<br />

egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], lghnfO{ xfn /fd]5fk sf/fuf/df ;?jf ePsf]<br />

/ pkrf/ ug]{ k|lta4tf k|fKt ePsf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!&&_ af/f lhNnf 3/ eO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dxf]Q/Ldf sfo{/t k|x/L hjfg aRrf<br />

eGg] /fd]Zj/ /fo ofbjn] @)^(÷!!÷@! ut] dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L /f}tx6<br />

lhNnf k|]dk'/ uf]gfxL ^ df a:g] df}h]nfn k6]n;d]tnfO{ k]:tf]n x/fPsf] egL<br />

kqmfp u/L s]xL l<strong>bg</strong>kl5 5f8]sf] t/ ufpFdf cfO{ 8/, wfs b]vfpg] u/]sf]n]<br />

sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf lgj]<strong>bg</strong> lbPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfgaf6 lghn]<br />

8/, wfs b]vfPsf] s'g} k|df0f k]z ug{ g;s]sf]n] pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!&*_ af/f lhNnf u~hejfgLk'/ uflj; j8f g+= # a:g] ;'lgnk|;fb h};jfnnfO{ g]kfn<br />

k|x/Ln] @)&)÷$÷!! ut] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ a]kQf jgfPsf]n] hLjg–/Iff u/L<br />

kfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ st{Jo<br />

Hofg d'2fdf k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/L <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/<br />

leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

!&(_ /f}tx6 lhNnf uf}/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( a:g] ;tg d'lvofsf] cfdf afa'<br />

v]b' d'lvof / /flwsfb]jL d'lvofnfO{ ;tg d'lvofsf ;;'/f lrqe'if0f d'lvofn]<br />

ef/tsf] df]tLxf/df ha{h:tL dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s oftgf lbPsf] egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf<br />

ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], g]kfn k|x/Ln] ef/tLo k|x/L;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;d:of ;dfwfg<br />

(168) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


u/L ljjfb ;dfwfg ePsf] b]lvFbf pQm ph"/Ladf]lhd vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o<br />

ul/of] .<br />

!*)_ dxf]Q/L lhNnf /fduf]kfnk'/ uflj; j8f g+= ^ a:g] Olnkf; ldofsf] xsef]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

v]tL hUufsf] ?v la?jf Oh/fon gbfkm nufotn] ha{h:tL df/L @)&)÷!@÷@%<br />

ut] n'6lk6 / s'6lk6 u/]sf] ljifodf <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/L kg{ cfPsf], ph"/L<br />

bfaLcg';f/ n'6lk6÷s'6lk6sf] ljjfb <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm<br />

ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!*!_ ;Kt/L lhNnf df]xgk'/ uflj; s7f}gf a:g] ;bf y/sL blnt dlxnfsf] ;fd'bflos<br />

hª\undf anfTsf/ ePsf] 36gfdf c;+nUg ;Kt/L lhNnf eª\ufx uflj; $ a:g]]<br />

;'lgns'df/ rf}w/L;d]tnfO{ @)&!÷!÷!& ut] k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L km;fpg]<br />

k|of; u/]sf]n] cfjZos sf/afxL u/L kfpFm egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf],<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf ;'lgns'df/ rf}w/L / /d]zs'df/ rf}w/LnfO{ ha/h:tL<br />

s/0fL d'2fdf cg';Gwfg eO{ lhNnf cbfnt ;Kt/Lsf] cfb]zn] ;'lgns'df/ rf}w/L<br />

w/f}6Ldf 5'6]sf] / /d]zs'df/ rf}w/L k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /lx sf/afxL ug]{ eGg]<br />

cfb]z ePsf], ;Ddflgt lhNnf cbfntdf kmf}hbf/L d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvFbf<br />

o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .<br />

!*@_ bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/ gkf j8f g+= ! a:g] s0f{axfb'/ a:g]tsL 5f]/L ljkgf<br />

a:g]tnfO{ /f}tx6 lhNnf j;Gtk'/ uflj; j8f g+= $ a:g] rGb|sfGt emfsf] 5f]/f<br />

cd/sfGt emfn] nnfO{–kmsfO{ @)&!÷@÷@% ut] nu]sf]n] vf]htnf; u/L kfpFm<br />

egL <strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph"/L kg{ cfPsf], <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x]bf{ lgh<br />

ljkgf a:g]t km]nf k/L @)&!÷#÷@) ut] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;nf{xLdfkm{t<br />

hgsk'/l:yt dlxnf tyf k'g{:yfkgf s]Gb|sf] ;'/lIft cfjf; u[xdf /fVg] Joj:yf<br />

ldnfOPsf] kfOPsf]n] <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 yk cg';Gwfg ul//xg'kg]{ gb]lvFbf pQm ph"/L<br />

vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (169)


cg';"rL—&<br />

;Dj4{gfTds ultljlwx¿<br />

&=! s]sf, nlntk'/<br />

qm=;=<br />

!=<br />

ljifo<br />

cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

ldlt / :yfg<br />

@)&#÷!)÷@$<br />

;xeflutf s}lkmot<br />

;= k|wfgdGqL, dGqL,<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; <strong>cfof</strong>]u kl/;/ ;+j}wflgs c+<strong>usf</strong><br />

kbflwsf/L, ;/sf/L<br />

lgsfosf <strong>clwsf</strong>/Lx¿,<br />

/fhgLlts bnsf<br />

g]tf, s'6gLlt1, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{ cflb<br />

@= vfgf ksfpg] UofF;÷ — ;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

OGwgnufotcfwf/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] <strong>clwsf</strong>/Lx¿,<br />

e"t b}lgs pkef]Uo ;efxn pkef]QmfsdL{ Pjd\<br />

j:t'x¿sf] r/d\<br />

;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

cefj / pkef]Qmfsf]<br />

cj:yf ljifos<br />

5nkmn<br />

#= Preparatory<br />

meeting for<br />

organizing SPDT<br />

meeting, thematic<br />

group formation<br />

and road map<br />

formation for<br />

National HIV<br />

Strategic Plan,<br />

2016<br />

;r]tgfd"ns<br />

sfo{qmd,pTkf<strong>bg</strong><br />

tyf k|;f/0f<br />

$= :j= bof/fd :d[lt<br />

c+s k|sfzg<br />

@)&@÷(÷@* —<br />

;DdfggLo<br />

k|wfgdfGqL<br />

/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

dfggLo<br />

cWoIfaf6<br />

sfo{qmdnfO{<br />

;Daf]wg<br />

@)&#÷!÷ !% /]l8of] g]6js{ /]l8of]<br />

g]6js;Fu<br />

;xsfo{<br />

@)&#÷@ —<br />

(170) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


%= /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

!& cf}+<br />

:yfkgf lbj;<br />

^= w'd'{;–;'GtnL<br />

kmf08];gaf6<br />

lunfGrf}/,<br />

l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf<br />

lgld{t ejg lgdf0f{<br />

sfo{ :ynut<br />

5nkmn<br />

&= e"sDk uPsf] Ps<br />

jif{kl5 e"sDk<br />

kl8tsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

@)&#÷@—!#<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u kl/;/<br />

@)&#÷@÷!^<br />

l;Gw'kfNrf]s<br />

@)&#÷@÷!&<br />

l;Gw'kfNrf]s<br />

;= k|wfgdGqL, dGqL,<br />

;+j}wflgs cª\<strong>usf</strong><br />

kbflwsf/L, ;/sf/L<br />

lgsfosf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/Lx¿,<br />

/fhgLlts bnsf<br />

g]tf, s'6gLlt1,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{ cflb<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / :yfgLo<br />

jfl;Gbf, ejg<br />

lgdf0f{sf OlGhlgo/,<br />

ejg lgdf0f{ ;ldlt<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc, g]kfn<br />

k|x/L pk/LIfs,<br />

;z:q k|x/Lan<br />

pk/LIfs, kqsf/<br />

dxf;ª\3, u};;<br />

dxf;ª\3, g]kfnL<br />

;]gf, lhNnf k|zf;g<br />

sfof{no<br />

;DdfggLo<br />

k|wfgdfGqL<br />

/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

dfggLo<br />

cWoIfaf6<br />

sfo{qmdnfO{<br />

;Daf]wg<br />

Pjd<br />

w'd'{;l;t<br />

kmf]gdf<br />

jftf{nfe<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (171)


*= lhNnfe/sf<br />

afnaflnsfsf]<br />

e"sDkkl5sf]<br />

cj:yfaf/] 5nkmn<br />

(= e"sDk uPsf] Ps<br />

jif{kl5 e"sDk<br />

kl8tsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

!)= e"sDk uPsf] Ps<br />

jif{kl5 e"sDk<br />

kl8tsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

!!= e"sDk uPsf] Ps<br />

jif{kl5 e"sDk<br />

kl8tsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

@)&#÷@÷!&<br />

l;Gw'kfNrf]s<br />

@)&#÷@÷!*<br />

l;+u6L,bf]nvf<br />

@)&#÷@÷!*<br />

Rfl/sf]6,bf]nvf<br />

@)&#÷@÷!*<br />

Rfl/sf]6,bf]nvf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / gful/s<br />

;dfh, /fhgLlts<br />

bnsf k|d'v÷<br />

k|ltlglwx¿,<br />

lhNnfel/sf afn<br />

;~hfnsf k|d'v /<br />

afnafnaflnsfx¿,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{, g]kfn af/<br />

P;f]l;P;g<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / :yflgo<br />

/fhgLlts bn /<br />

gful/s ;dfh<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc, g]kfn<br />

k|x/L pk/LIfs,<br />

;z:q k|x/L an<br />

pk/LIfs, ;~rf/sdL{<br />

dxf;ª\3, u};;<br />

dxf;ª\3, g]kfnL<br />

;]gf, lhNnf k|zf;g<br />

sfof{no<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / OG;]s,<br />

x'/f8]s,gful/s<br />

;dfh, :yfgLo<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

Kfxf8 g} v:g]<br />

cj:yfdf<br />

/x]sf]<br />

(172) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!@=<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yf ljifos<br />

5nkmn<br />

!#= e"sDk uPsf] Ps<br />

jif{kl5 e"sDk<br />

kl8tsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

!$= e"sDk uPsf] Ps<br />

jif{kl5 e"sDk<br />

kl8tsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

!%= e"sDk uPsf] Ps<br />

jif{kl5 e"sDk<br />

kl8tsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yf<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

!^=<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:yf ljifos<br />

5nkmn<br />

!&= 6Lsfk"/ s}nfnL 36\<br />

gf ;DaGwdf cGt/<br />

lqmof<br />

@)&#÷@÷!(<br />

Rfl/sf]6,<br />

bf]nvf<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

/fd]5fk<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

/fd]5fk<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

/fd]5fk<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

/fd]5fk<br />

@)&@÷%÷(—<br />

!%<br />

s}nfnL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc, k|x/L<br />

lg/LIfs<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc, g]kfn<br />

k|x/L pk/LIfs,<br />

;z:q k|x/L an<br />

pk/LIfs g]kfnL<br />

;]gf, ;/sf/L<br />

sfof{nosf k|d'vx¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7sHo"sf]<br />

6f]nL / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{, lhNnf<br />

af/ Pzf]l;P;g,<br />

gful/s ;dfh, zlQm<br />

;d"x, k|fWofks,<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:<br />

o >L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / :yfgLo<br />

/fhgLlts bnsf<br />

k|d'v / gful/s<br />

;dfh<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc, lhNnf<br />

k|x/L k|d'v<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / gful/s<br />

;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{, ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfo<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (173)


!*= /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgf;DaGwL<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

!(= /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgf;DaGwL<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

@)=<br />

@!=<br />

@@=<br />

;DdfgLo<br />

/fi6«kltsf]<br />

hfgsLdlGb/ ljjfx<br />

k~rdL dxf]T;jdf<br />

lj/f]w k|b{zg<br />

;DaGwdf<br />

pRr:t/Lo 5nkmn<br />

dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf 5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷!@÷$<br />

d':tfª<br />

@)&@÷!@÷*<br />

dgfª<br />

@)&@÷(÷^<br />

wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷(÷&<br />

dn+ujf<br />

@)&@÷(÷*<br />

;nf{xL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, gful/s<br />

;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, gful/s<br />

;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc,<br />

lhNnfsf k|x/L k|d'v<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, /fhgLlts<br />

bn, ;~rf/sdL{,<br />

gful/s ;dfh,<strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:yfx¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

>L ;'lbk kf7ssf]<br />

6f]nL / k|lhc,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v,/fhgLltsbn,<br />

;~rf/sdL{,gful/s<br />

;dfh,<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+:yfx¿<br />

(174) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


&=@ If]sf, lj/f6gu/<br />

qm=;= ljifo ldlt / :yfg ;xeflutf s}lkmot<br />

!= aGb–x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong> @)&@÷%÷!^ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] lj/f6gu/ uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

af/]df 5nkmn<br />

dlxnf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/Ifs ;+hfn,<br />

lj/f6gu/ / k"jf{~rn<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+hfn,<br />

lj/f6gu/ nufotsf<br />

u}/;/sf/L<br />

;ª\3;+:yfx¿<br />

@= aGb–x8\tfndf <strong>dfgj</strong> @)&@÷%÷!^ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] lj/f6gu/ uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

af/]df 5nkmn<br />

k|lhc, l8cfOhL,<br />

P;kL, ;z:q k|x/L,<br />

P;kL<br />

#= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yfsf] af/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷%÷!&<br />

Og?jf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df= ;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

:yfgLo /fhgLlts<br />

bn, gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|ltlglw tyf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

$= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yfsf] af/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

%= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yfsf] af/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

^= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yfsf] af/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷)%÷<br />

!&<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&@÷%÷!*<br />

Onfd<br />

@)&@÷)%÷<br />

!(<br />

Onfd<br />

sdL{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df= ;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

dw];L df]rf{ cfa4<br />

g]tfx¿<br />

dfggLo ;b:o uf]ljGb<br />

zdf{ kf}8Øfn, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs,<br />

/fhgLlts bn<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df= ;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

k|lhc, 8LP;kL, ;z:q<br />

k|x/L l8P;kL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (175)


&= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yfsf] af/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

*= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:<br />

yfsf] af/]df 5nkmn<br />

(= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:<br />

yfsf] af/]df 5nkmn<br />

!)= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:<br />

yfsf] af/]df 5nkmn<br />

!!= aGb–x8\tfndf<br />

Kfqsf/ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{sf]<br />

;'/Iffaf/] 5nkmn<br />

!@= k|d'v /fhg}lts<br />

bnx¿;Fu dw]z<br />

cfGbf]ngsf] ljifodf<br />

cnu–cnu 5nkmn<br />

!# dw]z cfGbf]ngsf]<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷)%÷<br />

@)<br />

emfkf<br />

@)&@÷%÷@!<br />

wgs'6f<br />

@)&@÷%÷@!<br />

wgs'6f<br />

@)&@÷%÷@#<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&@÷%÷@#<br />

lj/f6gu/,<br />

df]/ª<br />

@)&@÷^÷!)<br />

df]/ª<br />

@)&@÷^÷!!<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn<br />

k|lhc, P;kL, ;z:q<br />

k|x/L P;kL<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df= ;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs,<br />

/fhgLlts bnsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

If]qLo k|zf;s, k|lhc,<br />

P;kL, ;z:q k|x/L<br />

l8P;kL, g]kfnL ;]gf<br />

ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf<br />

u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3<br />

;+:yfsf k|d'v :yfgLo<br />

/fhgLlts bnsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw tyf<br />

gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|ltlglw<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

g]sf, Pdfn] /<br />

Pdfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ /<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

cf]/]s<br />

g]kfn;Fu<br />

;xsfo{<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=<br />

;b:o Pjd\<br />

k|jQmf >L<br />

df]xgf<br />

cG;f/Lsf]<br />

pkl:ylt<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=<br />

;b:o Pjd\<br />

k|jQmf >L<br />

df]xgf cG;f/<br />

Lsf] pkl:ylt<br />

(176) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!$ dw]z cfGbf]ngsf]<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn<br />

!% n}+lËs lx+;flj?4<br />

!^ l<strong>bg</strong>] cleofg<br />

/ l8;]Da/ !) sf]<br />

tof/L a}7s<br />

!^ pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

5nkmn<br />

!& <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] /0flglt<br />

of]hgf;DaGwL<br />

5nkmn<br />

!* anfTsf/<br />

k|efljtx¿sf]<br />

Gofodf kx'Fr<br />

ljifos cGt/lqm{of<br />

!( ^& cf}+ cGt{/<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;<br />

@)!% l8;]Da/<br />

!) sf] cj;/df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]lht ¥ofnL /<br />

;ef<br />

@) gf]e]Da/ @% b]lv<br />

!) l8;]Da/ ;Dd<br />

ePsf sfo{s|dx¿sf]<br />

;dLIff a}7s<br />

@)&@÷^÷!@<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&@÷*÷@<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&@÷*÷!%<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&@÷*÷!&<br />

@)&@÷*÷!%<br />

emfkf<br />

@)&@÷*÷@$<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&@÷!)÷^<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

If]qLo sfo{no,<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

k|d'v lhNnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L<br />

k|x/L pk/LIfs<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{, dlxnf tyf<br />

afnaflnsf sfof{no<br />

pkef]Qmf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{no,<br />

/fhgLlts bn, ;~rf/<br />

sdL{<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw /<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<br />

Ifsx¿<br />

;/sf/L u};; sfof{no<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=<br />

;b:o Pjd\<br />

k|jQmf >L<br />

df]xgf<br />

cG;f/Lsf]<br />

pkl:ylt<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (177)


@!<br />

@@<br />

@#<br />

@$<br />

@%<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfof{of]hgf<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/sf]<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfof{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf ljifo /<br />

5nkmn<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/sf]<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfof{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf ljifo /<br />

5nkmn<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/sf]<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfof{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf ljifo /<br />

5nkmn<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/sf]<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfof{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf ljifo /<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷!!÷$<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&@÷!@÷#<br />

;+v'jf;ef<br />

@)&@÷!@÷$<br />

t]Åy'd<br />

@)&@÷!@÷%<br />

kfFry/<br />

@)&@÷!@÷^<br />

tfKn]h'ª<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df= ;b:o<br />

df]xgf cG;f/L, uf]ljGb<br />

zdf{ kf}8Øfn, ljleGg<br />

;/sf/L tyf u}/;/<br />

sf/L ;3+;:yf ;fy}<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> tyf cGt/<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

;3+ :yfsf k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglw<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{ Pjd\ ;~rf/<br />

sdL{x¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{ Pjd\ ;~rf/<br />

sdL{x¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{ Pjd\ ;~rf/<br />

sdL{x¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> df=;b:o<br />

uf]ljGb zdf{ kf}8Øfn,<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{ Pjd\ ;~rf/<br />

sdL{x¿<br />

(178) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@^<br />

@&<br />

@*<br />

@*<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sfof{Gjogsf nflu<br />

;~rf/sdL{x¿;Fu<br />

;jfb<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavgsf]<br />

cj:yfaf/] cGt/<br />

lqm{of<br />

ljiffbL xfn]/ cfk<br />

ksfOP"sf] eGg]<br />

;DaGwdf 5nkmn<br />

@( ;'Ts]/L dlxnfn]<br />

ljBfno 5f]8\g'k/]sf]<br />

;d:of ljifos<br />

cGtlq{mof<br />

#)= oftgf kLl8tx¿sf]<br />

;xfotffy{<br />

cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf]<br />

;Gbe{df cGt/lqm{of<br />

#!= Dffgl;s<br />

:Jff:Yo;DaGwL<br />

;d:of / ;/f]sf/<br />

afnfx¿sf] e'ldsf<br />

ljifos cGt/lqm{of<br />

#) Dffgl;s :Jff:Yo<br />

;femf ;/f]sf/<br />

ljifos sfo{zfnf<br />

@)&@÷!@÷<br />

@(<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&#÷@÷#<br />

rGbu9L,<br />

emfkf<br />

@)&#÷@÷@%<br />

ljtf{df]8,<br />

emfkf<br />

@)&#÷#÷%<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&#÷#÷&<br />

;ld6 xfOo/<br />

;]s]08/L :s'n,<br />

w/fg, ;'g;/L<br />

@)&#÷)#÷!#<br />

a|fO6 lehg<br />

sn]h,<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

@)&#÷#÷!(<br />

ljtf{df]8,<br />

emfkf<br />

@)&#÷#÷@@<br />

lj/f6gu/<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ /<br />

;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{ Pjd\ ;~rf/<br />

sdL{x¿<br />

;/sf/L sfof{nosf<br />

k|d'v, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{ Pjd\ ;~rf/<br />

sdL{x¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> lg=If]qLo<br />

lgb{]zs, ;/sf/L tyf<br />

u}/;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v / ;~rf/sdL{<br />

ljleGg ;+:yfut<br />

ljBfnosf lzlIfsfx¿<br />

ljleGg ;+:yfut<br />

ljBfnosf lzlIfsfx¿<br />

;/sf/L tyf u}/;/<br />

sf/L ;:yfsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw /<br />

;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

;/sf/L tyf u}/;/<br />

sf/L ;:yfsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw /<br />

;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

OG;]s;Fu<br />

;xsfo{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (179)


&=# If]sf, hgsk'/<br />

qm=;= ljifo ldlt / :yfg ;xeflutf s}lkmot<br />

!= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

@=<br />

/fh lszf]/ 7fs'/<br />

36gf ;DjGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

#= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

$= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

%= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

^= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf cg'ugddf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{x¿;Fu ;xsfo{<br />

&= ;'/Iff lgsfo /<br />

/fhgLlts bn;Fu<br />

cfGbf]ngdf ;+odtf<br />

ckgfpg] ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷%÷$<br />

nxfg, l;/xf /<br />

;Kt/L<br />

@)&@÷%÷!)<br />

uf}/, /f}tx6<br />

@)&@÷%÷!&<br />

sn}of, af/f<br />

@)&@÷%÷!(<br />

jL/u+h, k;f{<br />

@)&@÷%÷@!<br />

jL/u+h, k;f{<br />

)&@÷%÷@(<br />

hgsk'/<br />

@)&@÷^÷@<br />

hgsk'/, wg'iff<br />

ljleGGf ;~rf/<br />

dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

ljleGGf ;~rf/<br />

dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]tf÷sfo{stf{, ljleGGf<br />

;~rf/dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]t÷sfo{stf{, ljleGGf<br />

;~rf/dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]t÷sfo{stf{, ljleGGf<br />

;~rf/dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

:yfgLo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

;'/Iff lgsfosf<br />

k|d'vx¿, /fhgLlts<br />

bnsf k|ltlglwx¿<br />

(180) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


*= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

(= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

!)= j]jfl/;] zj<br />

Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwdf<br />

!!= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

!@= dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

!# ^& cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;<br />

!$ dw]z cfGbf]ng<br />

;DaGwdf cGt/<br />

lqmof<br />

!% dw]z cfGbf]ng<br />

;DaGwdf 5'§f5'§}<br />

tLgj6f cGt/lqmof<br />

@)&@÷^÷@<br />

hgsk'/, wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷^÷@<br />

hgsk'/, wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷^÷@<br />

hgsk'/, wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷^÷@<br />

hgsk'/, wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷*÷@$<br />

hgsrf}s,<br />

hgsk'/<br />

@)&@÷(÷&<br />

dxf]Q/L<br />

@)&@÷(÷*<br />

hgsk'/, wg'iff<br />

@)&@÷(÷!)<br />

dn+ujf, ;nf{xL<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]t÷sfo{stf{, ljleGGf<br />

;~rf/dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]t÷sfo{stf{, ljleGGf<br />

;~rf/dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs<br />

dw]zL df]rf{ /<br />

cfGbf]ngsf/L o'jfx¿<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]t÷sfo{stf{, ljleGGf<br />

;~rf/dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]t÷sfo{stf{, ljleGGf<br />

;~rf/dfWod;Fu cfa4<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsx¿<br />

;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosff <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

;~rf/sdL{, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs<br />

;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

;~rf/sdL{, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs<br />

;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

/fhgLlts bnsf<br />

k|ltlglw, ;~rf/sdL{,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs<br />

df= ;'bLk<br />

kf7ssf]<br />

pkl:ylt<br />

df= ;'bLk<br />

kf7ssf]<br />

pkl:ylt<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (181)


!^ dw]z cfGbf]ng<br />

;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof<br />

!& dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

!* dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

!( dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

@) dw]z cfGbf]ngdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf<br />

@!<br />

@@<br />

lhNnfdf blnt tyf<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;DaGwdf ;xsfo{<br />

a}7s<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sfo{of]hgf lhNnf<br />

:t/Lo sfof{Gjog<br />

;ldlt u7g /<br />

;xsfo{;DaGwL<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷(÷@(<br />

jL/u+h<br />

@)&@÷!)÷!<br />

jL/u+h<br />

@)&@÷!)÷@^<br />

hgsk'/<br />

@)&@÷!)÷@&<br />

hgsk'/<br />

@)&@÷!)÷@*<br />

hgsk'/<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!@—<br />

!#<br />

—lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no nxfg<br />

—dlxnf tyf<br />

afnaflnsf<br />

sfof{no, l;/fxf<br />

@)&@÷!!÷!#<br />

lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no, l;/xf<br />

;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosff <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

;~rf/sdL{, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs<br />

ljleGg /fhg}lts bnsf<br />

g]tf sfo{stf{, ;~rf/<br />

sdL{, gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|ltlglw, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf k|d'v<br />

tyf ;'/IffsdL{x¿<br />

/fhgLlts bnsf<br />

g]tf sfo{stf{, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{,, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

k"g/fj]<strong>bg</strong> tyf lhNnf<br />

cbfntsfsf Gofolw;,<br />

;/sf/L jlsn tyf<br />

/lhi6f/<br />

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no<br />

nxfg, dlxnf tyf afn<br />

aflnsf sfof{no,<br />

:yflgo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+:yf, blnt tyf<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

Pjd\ ;~rf/sdL{<br />

k|d'v lhNnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

k|x/L pk/LIfs, u0f<br />

k|d'v g]kfnL ;]gf,<br />

pk/LIfs ;z:q k|x/L<br />

an, lhNnf lzIff<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/L, dlxnf ljsf;<br />

clws[t, lhNnf hg:<br />

jf:Yo clws[t<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

/ lhNnf<br />

k|zf;g<br />

sfof{no<br />

l;/fxf;Fu<br />

;xsfo{<br />

(182) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@#<br />

@$<br />

@%<br />

@^<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sfo{of]hgf lhNnf:<br />

t/Lo sfof{Gjog<br />

;ldlt u7g /<br />

;xsfo{;DaGwL<br />

5nkmn a}7s<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg<br />

cj:yf cg'udg /<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lzIff<br />

sfo{qmd<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> a]rljvgsf]<br />

cj:yf cg'udg /<br />

cGt/ls|of<br />

@)&@÷!!÷<br />

lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no, wg'iff<br />

cf]/]s g]kfn,<br />

pbok'/<br />

lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{no, pbok'/<br />

@)&#÷#÷*—!!<br />

dsjfgk'/<br />

k|d'v lhNnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

:yfgLo ljsf; <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

lhNnf lzIff <strong>clwsf</strong>/L,<br />

lhNnf sf]if lgoGqs,<br />

k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs,<br />

k|d'v /<strong>fli6«o</strong> cg';Gwfg,<br />

k|d'v, ;z:q k|x/L an<br />

lhk|sf l;/xf / pbok'/<br />

sf k|x/L clws[t,<br />

u};;, ;~rf/sdL{,<br />

uflj; ;lrj, dlxnf<br />

ljsf; clws[t<br />

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no<br />

pbok'/df sfo{/t k|x/L<br />

clws[tx¿<br />

u};;sf k|ltlglw, afn<br />

sNof0f ;dfhsf<br />

;b:o, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{, lzIfs, ljBfyL{,<br />

cfdf ;d"x / gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

/ lhNnf<br />

k|zf;g<br />

sfof{no<br />

wg'iff;Fu<br />

;xsfo{<br />

&=$ If]sf, kf]v/f<br />

qm=;=<br />

!=<br />

ljifo<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ 3'DtL<br />

ldlt / :yfg<br />

@)&@÷$÷!*<br />

;xeflutf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

s}lkmot<br />

s]sf /<br />

lzlj/ kl/rfng ;ldlt<br />

u7g<br />

Uff]/vf If]qdf sfo{/t<br />

;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

kbflwsf/L, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw<br />

Pjd\ ;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

If]sfsf]<br />

;dGjo<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (183)


@= <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] If]qdf<br />

sfo{/t u};; / gful/s<br />

;dfhaLr ljutdf<br />

ul/Psf ;xsfo{ /<br />

;dGjo Pjd\ cfufdL<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>x¿df ;xsfo{ /<br />

;dGjo ug{ ;Sg] af/]df<br />

kl/ro tyf cGt/lqm{of<br />

#= a]kQflj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o<br />

lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df<br />

cGt/lqm{of<br />

$= <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] /0fgLlts<br />

of]hgf<br />

@)!% —@)@) sfof{jog<br />

tyf <strong>jflif</strong>{s sfo{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof<br />

%= jt{dfg ;Gbe{df g]kfndf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] e"ldsf ljifos<br />

cGt/lqm{of<br />

^= ^& cf+ } ljZj <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; tof/L<br />

a}7s<br />

@)&@÷%÷^<br />

Kff]v/f, sf:sL<br />

@)&@÷%÷!#<br />

Kff]v/f, sf:sL<br />

@)&@÷^÷!)<br />

kf]v/f<br />

@)&@÷*÷%<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;efxn<br />

@)&@÷*÷!$<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;efxn<br />

(184) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

If]qdf sfo{/t<br />

;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

kbflwsf/L, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw<br />

Pjd\ ;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

k|zf;g sfof{nosf<br />

k|ltlglw, lhNnf k|x/L<br />

sfof{nosf k|ltlglw,<br />

;z:q<br />

k|x/L sfof{nosf<br />

P;P;kL, g]kfnL<br />

;]gf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

zfvfsf s0f{]n,<br />

gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / a]kQf<br />

kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo,<br />

gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|ltlglw, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{, ;~rf/<br />

sdL{<br />

ljleGg ;~rf/<br />

dfWoddf sfo{/t<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

If]qdf sfo{/t u}/;/<br />

sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿<br />

df= ;b:o<br />

;'lbk<br />

kf7ssf]<br />

pkl:ylt


&= dlxnf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/ o;sf] ;+/If0f<br />

tyf ;Dj4{gdf<br />

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]<br />

lqmofzLntf;DaGwL<br />

5nkmn<br />

*= ckfËtf ePsf JolQmsf]<br />

@$ cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o<br />

lbj;sf] cj;/df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]lht cGt/lqm{of<br />

(= ^& cf} + cGt/f{li6«o<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;sf]<br />

;Gbe{df Joj:yfkg<br />

tof/L sfo{bn a}7s<br />

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<strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;sf]<br />

sfo{qmdx¿sf] af/]df<br />

hfgsf/Lsf] nflu kqsf/<br />

e]63f6<br />

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If]qLo <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

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/Qmbfg<br />

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<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

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kf]v/f, sf:sL<br />

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6f]n ljsf;sf<br />

;+of]hs, :yfgLo<br />

u};;sf k|ltlglw,<br />

;fdflhs kl/rfns<br />

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sfof{nosf k|d'v<br />

tyf k|ltlglw,<br />

ckfËtf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

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ljleGg u};;sf<br />

k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿,<br />

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dxfe]nf <strong>cfof</strong>]hs<br />

;ldlt / gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw<br />

Pjd\ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{x¿<br />

ljleGg ;~rf/<br />

dfWodsf k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿<br />

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<strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;sf]<br />

;Gbe{df <strong>cfof</strong>]lht<br />

hgr]tgfd"ns ¥ofnL<br />

Rff}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

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sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf<br />

cGt/lqm{of<br />

!# ljBfnodf Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

lzIff ;DaGwL cGt/ls|of<br />

sfo{s|d<br />

!$= Dflxnflj?4 x'g] ljleGg<br />

e]befj tyf 3/]n'<br />

lx+;f;DaGwL 5nkmn<br />

sfo{s|d<br />

!%= Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf<br />

ljifo cGt/lqmof tyf<br />

5nkmn<br />

!^ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf<br />

ljifos cGt/lqmof<br />

!&<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf<br />

ljifos cGt/lqmof tyf<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷*÷@$<br />

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@)&@÷*÷@%<br />

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Kff]v/f, sf:sL<br />

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<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ If]qLo<br />

dxfe]nf <strong>cfof</strong>]hs<br />

;ldlt, ljleGg<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v tyf k|ltlglw,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ If]qdf<br />

sfo{/t u};;sf<br />

k|d'v tyf k|ltlglw ,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

Pjd\ ;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

kf]v/fl:yt ljleGg<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo tyf<br />

u}/;/sf/L<br />

;+:yfsf k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿<br />

sIff *, ( / !)<br />

cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿<br />

/]l8of] g]kfn<br />

If]qLo k|zf/0f<br />

s]Gb|df cGtjf{tf{<br />

sfo{s|ddfkm{t<br />

k|zfl/t<br />

gofF hLjg<br />

k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|df<br />

/flvPsf JolQmx¿<br />

sf:sLsf]6sf<br />

:yfgLo, /fhgLlts<br />

bn, cfdf ;d'x<br />

Pjd\ dlxnf ;d'xsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw<br />

cGt/Hoflt dfljsf<br />

lzIfs tyf<br />

ljBfyL{x¿<br />

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uf]ljGb<br />

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(186) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


!* <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>f/ ;r]tgf<br />

ljifos cGt/lqmof<br />

!( ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ / dxfdxf;lGw<br />

sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

ljifos cGt/lqm{of<br />

@) ;To / a]kQf b'j}<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf ph""/Lsf] cj:yf,<br />

kLl8tsf] Gofodf kx'Fr<br />

/ k|efjsfl/tf Pj+<br />

sl7gfOx¿af/] ;DalGwt<br />

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu cGt/<br />

lqm{of<br />

@! 9f]/kf6g l;sf/ cf/<br />

Ifaf6 kLl8t elgPsf<br />

:yfgLox¿;Fu <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

;jfndf cGt/lqm{of<br />

@)&#÷!÷@^<br />

ndh'ª<br />

@)&#÷@÷^<br />

lhlj;, kj{t<br />

@)&#÷@÷&<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;efxn<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

9f]/kf6g<br />

l;sf/, afun'ª<br />

3gkf]v/fsf gful/s<br />

;dfh :yfgLo,<br />

cfdf ;d'x Pjd\<br />

dlxnf ;d'xsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw<br />

lhNnfl:yt<br />

ljleGg ;/sf/L<br />

lgsfosf k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿,<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf If]qdf<br />

sfo{/t ljleGg<br />

u}/;/sf/L<br />

;ª\3;+:yf, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglw, ;~rf/<br />

sdL{ Pjd\ :yfgLo<br />

j'l4hLjL<br />

:yfgLo zflGt<br />

;ldlt, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{, ;~rf/sdL{,<br />

åGåkLl8t kl/jf/sf<br />

;b:ox¿<br />

:yfgLojf;L<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (187)


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s|=;= ljifo ldlt / :yfg ;xeflutf s}lkmot<br />

cfGbf]ngnfO{ zflGtk"0f{<br />

agfpg / <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo Iflt x'g<br />

dWoklZrd\ If]qLo<br />

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gl<strong>bg</strong>, zflGt;'/Iff / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

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;DaGwdf 5nkmn ;DaGwdf<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

cfGbf]ngnfO{ zflGtk"0f{<br />

agfpg / <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo Iflt x'g<br />

gl<strong>bg</strong>] ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof<br />

afFs] lhNnfsf cfGbf]ng/t<br />

bnsf k|d'v tyf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿;Fu e]63f6÷cGt/<br />

lqmof<br />

zflGt;'/Iff ;b\efj /<br />

cfGbf]ngnfO{ Jojl:yt<br />

t'Nofpg] ;DaGwdf ;j{kIfLo<br />

a}7s tyf 5nkmn<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yfaf/]<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷$÷@*<br />

;'v]{t<br />

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;'v]{t<br />

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afFs]<br />

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(188) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

dWo klZrdf~rn<br />

If]qdf hf/L<br />

;ª\3Lotf / cv08<br />

dWoklZrdsf] dfu<br />

ub}{ cfGbf]ng/t<br />

/fhgLlts bnx¿,<br />

;ª\3if{ ;ldlt /<br />

pBf]u Jofkf/ ;ª\3sf<br />

kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

:yfgLo <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿<br />

/ ;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

dWoklZrdf~rn<br />

If]qsf] afFs]df hf/L<br />

;ª\3Lotf / cv08<br />

dWoklZrdsf] dfu<br />

ub}{ cfGbf]ng/t<br />

lhNnfl:yt /fhgLlts<br />

bn / ;ª\3if{<br />

;ldltsf<br />

kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

ljleGg /fhg}lts<br />

bn, cfGbf]ng/t bn,<br />

;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'v,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ /<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

cfGbf]ng/t bn /<br />

cGo /fhg}lts bnsf<br />

k|d'vx¿


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lbj;sf ;Gbe{df cGt/lqmof<br />

lhNnfsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf;DaGwL a}7s<br />

;ª\3Lotf / cv08<br />

dWoklZrdsf] df<strong>usf</strong> ljifodf<br />

5nkmn<br />

cf7 hgfsf] xTof / tLg<br />

hgf 3fOt] ePsf] 36gfsf<br />

;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ul/Psf]<br />

l;kml/;sf] sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yfsf] af/]df cGt/lqmof<br />

cf7 hgfsf] xTof / tLg<br />

hgf 3fOt] ePsf] 36gfsf<br />

;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ul/Psf]<br />

l;kml/;sf] sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yfsf] af/]df cGt/lqmof<br />

zflGt;'/Iff, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/,<br />

aGb–x8\tfnkl5sf] cj:yf<br />

;DaGwdf 5nkmn<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / zflGt<br />

;'/Iffsf] cj:yfaf/] 5nkmn<br />

@^ cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;sf] cj;/df<br />

afn <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / o;sf r'gf}tL<br />

ljifos cGt/lqmof<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog<br />

cj:yf<br />

@)&@÷%÷!#<br />

afFs]<br />

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Pjd\ ;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

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kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

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k|x/L k|zf;g<br />

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yf?x6 ;ª\3if{<br />

;ldltsf<br />

kbfwLsf/Lx¿<br />

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<strong>clwsf</strong>/L;lxtsf] 6f]nL<br />

afnaflnsf Pjd\<br />

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lqmofzLn<br />

;ª\3;+:yfx¿<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'vx¿<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

/ lhNnf<br />

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sfof{no<br />

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/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (189)


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cj:yfaf/] cGt/lqmof<br />

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b}n]v<br />

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cj:yf, kLl8tn] /fxt kfP– @)&@÷!@÷!#<br />

gkfPsf] Pj+ åGåkLl8tx¿sf]<br />

Gofo k|flKtsf] cj:yfaf/]<br />

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@)&@÷!@÷!#<br />

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b}n]v<br />

zflGt;'/Iffsf] cj:yf<br />

åGåkLl8tx¿sf] cj:yf<br />

/fxt ljt/0f ;DaGwdf<br />

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k|flKtsf] cj:yf<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / 3/]n' lx+;fsf]<br />

cj:yfaf/]df 5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷!@÷!$<br />

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tyf d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]udf @)&#÷!÷%<br />

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ph"/L btf{ / ;xhLs/0f ug{<br />

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k|d'v lhNnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L<br />

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k|d'v<br />

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;ldltsf<br />

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sdL{x¿ / cGt/kf6L{<br />

dlxnf ;~hfnsf<br />

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lhNnfsf] zflGt;'/Iff dlxnf<br />

lx+;f <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg<br />

cfTdxTof cflb 36gfsf<br />

af/]df 5nkmn<br />

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c~rndf 36]sf ckf/flws<br />

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dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf<br />

;DaGwdf 5nkmn<br />

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bfª<br />

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afFs]<br />

@)&#÷@÷!^<br />

afFs]<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

alb{of<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{÷;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{x¿<br />

/ ;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

k|d'v lhNnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L<br />

tyf lhNnfl:yt ;/<br />

sf/L lgsfosf k|d'v<br />

tyf k|ltlglw<br />

c~rn k|x/L<br />

sfof{nosf k|d'v tyf<br />

cGo clws[t<br />

k|x/L k|zf;g, gful/s<br />

;dfh nufot<br />

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf<br />

d'v tyf k|ltlglw<br />

k|x/L k|zf;g, gful/s<br />

;dfh nufot ;/f]sf/<br />

jfnf lgsfosf d'v<br />

tyf k|ltlglw<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{x¿ <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{;Fu<br />

5nkmn<br />

lal6«;<br />

k|ltlglw<br />

lgof]<strong>usf</strong><br />

/]l8of] s[i0f;f/;Fu<br />

cfa4 ;~rf/sdL{x¿<br />

dlxnf<br />

Pjd\<br />

jfnfx¿<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

;/f]sf/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (191)


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$%<br />

dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / ;'/Iff<br />

;jfndf a}7s<br />

sfg"gL zf;g / zflGt;'/Iff<br />

;DaGwdf a}7s<br />

lhNnfsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

/ ;~rf/sdL{x¿;Fu <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yfaf/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

zflGt–;'/Iff / sfg"gL<br />

zf;gsf] af/]df a}7s<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo<br />

;To–lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk<br />

k|lqmof tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf<br />

lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos<br />

uf]i7L<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf ;DaGwdf<br />

cled'vLs/0f<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf ;DaGwdf<br />

cled'vLs/0f<br />

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo<br />

;To–lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk<br />

k|lqmof tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf<br />

lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos<br />

uf]i7L<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljljw<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn<br />

Ps l<strong>bg</strong>] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cled'vLs/0f<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

alb{of<br />

@)&#÷@÷@)<br />

alb{of<br />

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/f]Nkf<br />

@)&#÷@÷#@<br />

/f]Nkf<br />

@)&#÷#÷!<br />

/f]Nkf<br />

@)&#÷#÷!<br />

/f]Nkf<br />

@)&#÷#÷@<br />

Ko"7fg<br />

@)&#÷#÷#<br />

Ko"7fg<br />

@)&÷#÷$<br />

bfª<br />

@)&÷#%<br />

bfª<br />

lhNnfl:yt ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf k|d'vx¿<br />

lhNnf af/<br />

Pzf]l;o;gsf<br />

kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'v<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ /<br />

;/f]sf/jfnf<br />

lgsfox¿<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, k|ltlglw<br />

;~rf/sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, k|ltlglw ;~rf/<br />

sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, k|ltlglw ;~rf/<br />

sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

dlxnf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/Ifs ;~hfnsf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿<br />

dlxnf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/Ifs ;~hfnsf<br />

k|ltlglwx¿<br />

(192) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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;ª\qmd0fsfnLg ;dodf<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] l;kmfl/;<br />

sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf;DaGwL<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

cGt/f{li6«o oftgflj?4sf]<br />

lbj;sf] cj;/df oftgf<br />

/f]syfddf ;/f]sf/jfnf<br />

lgsfosf] e"ldsf;DaGwL<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

rf}yf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgf tyf cfly{s<br />

;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL sfo{zfnf<br />

lhNnfsf] ;du| <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf;DaGwdf<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

@)&#÷#÷!)<br />

afFs]<br />

@)&#÷#÷!@<br />

afFs]<br />

@)&#÷#÷!&<br />

;'v]{t<br />

@)&#÷#÷!*<br />

;'v]{t<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, k|ltlglw ;~rf/<br />

sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, k|ltlglw, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ / ;~rf/<br />

sdL{<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, k|ltlglw ;~rf/<br />

sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, k|ltlglw ;~rf/<br />

sdL{ / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

&=^ If]sf, wgu9L<br />

qm=; ljifo ldlt / :yfg ;xeflutf s}lkmot<br />

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@=<br />

#=<br />

clglZrtsfnLg<br />

cfdx8tfnsf sf/0f ;du|<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/df k/]sf]<br />

k|efjaf/] cGt/lqmof<br />

zflGt / ;b\efjsf nflu<br />

5nkmn<br />

zflGt / ;b\efjsf nflu<br />

cfjZos kxnsf] nflu<br />

5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷$÷@&<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷!)<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷!!<br />

s}nfnL<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|ltlglw / ;~rf/<br />

sdL{<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|ltlglw / ;~rf/<br />

sdL{<br />

:yfgLo k|zf;g,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL+{,<br />

gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|ltlglw, pBf]uL<br />

Jofkf/L, ;~rf/<br />

sdL{, ;dfhsf<br />

cu'jf Pjd\<br />

j'l4hLjLx¿<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (193)


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;fdflhs Gofo ;ldltsf<br />

dfggLo ;b:ox¿;Fu<br />

6Lsfk'/ 36\gfsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

;fdflhs ;b\efj / zflGt<br />

sfodsf] nflu /fhg}lts<br />

bn / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]<br />

e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqm{of<br />

;fdflhs ;b\efj /<br />

zflGtsf] nflu /fhg}lts<br />

bn / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]<br />

e"ldsf ljifos cGtlq{mof<br />

zflGt / ;b\efj tyf<br />

6Lsfk'/ 36\gfsf ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

;fdflhs ;b\efj / zflGt<br />

sfodsf] nflu :yfgLo :<br />

t/df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{x¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos<br />

cGtlq{mof<br />

@)&@÷%÷!@<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷!#<br />

wgu9L,<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷!#<br />

6Lsfk'/,<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷!$<br />

wgu9L,<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷@)<br />

wgu9L,<br />

s}nfnL<br />

gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

k|d'vx¿, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

pBf]uL Joj;foL,<br />

k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\<br />

u7gsf k|ltlglw,<br />

gful/s ;dfhsf<br />

cu'jf tyf<br />

j'l4hLjL / ;~rf/<br />

sdL{<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

cu'jfx¿, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|d'vx¿,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

pBf]uL Joj;foL,<br />

k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\<br />

u7g, yf? gful/s<br />

;dfhsf cu'jf<br />

tyf j'l4hLjLx¿<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

cu'jfx¿, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|d'vx¿,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

pBf]uL Joj;foL,<br />

k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\<br />

u7g, yf? gful/s<br />

;dfhsf cu'jf<br />

tyf j'l4hLjLx¿<br />

yf?jfg y?x6sf<br />

cu'jf g]tfx¿<br />

:yfgLo <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

Jofkf/L, gful/s<br />

;dfh, ;~rf/sdL{<br />

(194) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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!)<br />

!!<br />

!@<br />

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cj:Yffaf/] 5nkmn<br />

aGb, x8\tfn /<br />

lgif]wf1fsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

zflGt / ;b\efjsf] nflu<br />

cGt/lqm{of<br />

^& cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; dgfpg]<br />

;Gb{edf k"j{ tof/L a}7s<br />

;'b"/klZrdsf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf;DaGwL<br />

cGt/;Djfb<br />

^& cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;df<br />

k|eftkm]l/<br />

@)&@÷%÷@@<br />

6Lsfk'/,<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷@#<br />

wgu9L,<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷%÷@%<br />

wgu9L,<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷*÷!^<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷*÷@@<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷*÷@$<br />

s}nfnL / 8f]6L<br />

Onfsf k|x/L<br />

sfo{nodf sfo{/t<br />

k|x/Lx¿<br />

k|x/L k|zf;g,<br />

k]zfsdL{, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{, sfg"g–<br />

Joj;foL<br />

cfGbf]ng/t kIf<br />

;/sf/L lgsfo<br />

;'/Iff lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, sfg"g–<br />

Joj;foL, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

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;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

;/f]sf/jfnf<br />

lgsfo, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf k|d'vx¿,<br />

;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|ltlglw, /fhg}lts<br />

bnsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf k|d'vx¿,<br />

;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|ltlglw, /fhg}lts<br />

bnsf k|d'v÷<br />

k|ltlglw, ;~rf/<br />

sdL{, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (195)


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sfo{of]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

cled'vLs/0f<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

cled'vLs/0f<br />

6Lsfk'/sf] 36\gf ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

cfGbf]ngsf] jt{dfg<br />

cj:yfaf/] 5nkmn<br />

6Lsfk'/sf] 36\gf ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

lhNnfsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

cj:Yffaf/] 5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷*÷@$<br />

8f]6L<br />

@)&@÷*÷@%<br />

afh'/f<br />

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s}nfnL<br />

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;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf k|d'vx¿,<br />

;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|ltlglw,<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw,<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

;~rf/sdL{,<br />

;/sf/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf k|d'vx¿,<br />

;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|ltlglw,<br />

/fhg}lts bnsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{<br />

y?x6 sfo{stf{ /<br />

g]tfx¿<br />

cv08 ;'b"/klZrd\<br />

kIfw/sf g]tf<br />

sfo{stf{x¿<br />

kLl8t k|x/Lsf<br />

cfkmGtx¿<br />

k|d'v lhNnf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/L / ;'/Iff<br />

lgsfosf k|d'v<br />

dfggLo<br />

;b:o<br />

k|sfz<br />

j:tLsf]<br />

pkl:ylt<br />

dfggLo<br />

;b:o<br />

k|sfz<br />

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pkl:ylt<br />

dfggLo<br />

;b:o<br />

k|sfz<br />

j:tLsf]<br />

pkl:ylt<br />

dfggLo<br />

;b:o<br />

k|sfz<br />

j:tLsf]<br />

pkl:ylt<br />

(196) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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/ k|efjsf ;fy} cfk"lt{<br />

c;xhtfsf] sf/f0f pTkGg<br />

;d:ofsf] -ljz]iftM dlxnf<br />

tyf afnaflnsf_ af/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

;'b"/ klZrddf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf<br />

sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu<br />

5nkmn<br />

lhNnfdf a]rljvgsf]<br />

cj:yf / ;/f]sf/<br />

jfnx¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos<br />

cGt/;+jfb<br />

;d;fdlos <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ / 6Lsfk'/<br />

36\gfsf] ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

hftLo lje]b / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn<br />

@)&@÷(÷!#<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷(÷!^<br />

s}nfnL<br />

@)&@÷(÷@*<br />

bfr'{nf<br />

@)&@÷!)÷!!<br />

s}nfnL<br />

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s}nfnL<br />

o'lg;]kmsf<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/L<br />

o'Pgsf k|ltlglw<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, :yfgLo<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

Jofkf/L, gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>]z PkmPdsf<br />

;dfrf/ k|d'v<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>]z PkmPdsf<br />

sd{rf/L<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, :yfgLo<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

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;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

/]l8of] wgu9L<br />

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/]l8of] wgu9L<br />

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/]l8of]<br />

wgu9L<br />

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s'/fsfgL<br />

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wgu9L<br />

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/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (197)


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Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf<br />

sfo{qmd<br />

hf]zLk'/df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sf] cj:yf;DaGwL cGt/<br />

lqm{of<br />

ebf} * ut]sf clUg<br />

kLl8tx¿sf] kl5Nnf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:Yff;DaGwL<br />

cGt/lqm{of<br />

endG;f k|yf;DaGwL<br />

sfg"g–Joj;foL<br />

lhNnfsf] ;du| <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf/ zflGt /<br />

;b\efjsf] nflu ;/f]sf/<br />

jfnf lgsfosf] e"ldsf<br />

ljifos cGt/lqm{of<br />

;To–lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u / a]kQf 5fgljg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf k/]sf ph"/Lsf]<br />

cj:yf;DaGwL s'/fsfgL<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;r]tgf<br />

PkmPd /]l8of]af6 tLg j6f<br />

lhNnfdf k|To]s dª\unaf/<br />

ljxfg &M#) b]lv * ah]<br />

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s~rgk'/,<br />

a}t8L / c5fd<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>]zL,PkmPd,<br />

s}nfnL, gful/s<br />

PkmPd s~rg'k/,<br />

;f}ut PkmPd,<br />

a}t8L, /]l8of]<br />

c5fdaf6 k|zfl/t<br />

;/sf/L lgsfosf<br />

k|d'v, :yfgLo<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

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;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

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k|d'v, :yfgLo<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{,<br />

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;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

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k|d'v, :yfgLo<br />

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;dfhsf k|ltlglw,<br />

;~rf/sdL{<br />

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o; ;'k If]asf<br />

hgtfnfO{ <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

clsf/ / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

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(198) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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;DaGwdf cGt/lqm{of<br />

lJfBfnodf x'g] zf/Ll/s<br />

b08 / ;dfwfgsf pkfo<br />

ljifos 5nkmn<br />

;'b'/ klZrd\sf] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yfaf/]<br />

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tyf k|ltlglwx¿ ÷<br />

k|d'v lhNnf<br />

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s}nfnL,c5fd<br />

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&=& pIf]sf, vf]6fª<br />

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ljifo<br />

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rofTds sfo{qmd<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof<br />

cf}ifwL, OGwg tyf<br />

b}lgs vfB kbf{ysf]<br />

cefjsf ljifos<br />

5nkmn<br />

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tyf /fhgLlts<br />

bn tyf<br />

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<strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; dgfpg]<br />

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vf]6fª<br />

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<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfaf/]df<br />

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<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf af/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

lhNnfsf] ;du| <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfaf/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

lhNnfsf] ;du| <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfaf/]df<br />

5nkmn<br />

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<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

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(200) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

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k|d'v÷k|ltlglw<br />

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gful/s<br />

;dfhsf k|d'v÷<br />

k|ltlglw, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

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sfof{Gjog cj:yf<br />

;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof<br />

/]l8of] lhËn pTkf<strong>bg</strong><br />

u/L b}lgs tLg<br />

k6s;Dd k|;f/0f<br />

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<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf<br />

5nkmn<br />

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kfl/Psf] ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgf ljifodf<br />

5nkmn<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] /0fg}lts<br />

of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf ljifos<br />

5nkmn<br />

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k|ltlglw, <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

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k|zf;g<br />

sfof{nojLr<br />

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/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (201)


!*=<br />

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<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] /0fg}lts<br />

of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]<br />

cj:yf ljifos<br />

5nkmn<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/sf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgf<br />

sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf<br />

cGt/lqmof<br />

kLl8t Ps dlxnf<br />

Gofok|zf;g k|fKt<br />

ug{] <strong>clwsf</strong>/af6<br />

jl~rt x'g'k/]sf]<br />

cj:yf / sfg"gL<br />

hl6ntf ;DaGwdf<br />

5nkmn<br />

;Tolg?k0f tyf<br />

d]nldnfk <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

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kLl8tsf] kx'Fr,<br />

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<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

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<strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

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(202) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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ph"/L btf{ k|lqmofdf<br />

kLl8tsf] kx'Fr,<br />

ph"/Lsf] cj:yf /<br />

k|efjsfl/tf 5nkmn<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u4f/f pTkflbt<br />

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k|efjsf/Ltf ljifodf<br />

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo;Fu<br />

5nkmn<br />

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zflGt ;ldltsf<br />

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;~rf/sdL{ Pjd\<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

sdL{<br />

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cj:yf ljifos 5nkmn<br />

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sfof{Gog cj:yf /<br />

cfufdL /0fgLlt ljifs<br />

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nflu n}lËs ;dfgtf<br />

ljifos <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

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ufl7rf}/ uflj;sf :yfgLo<br />

jfl;x¿<br />

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf<br />

sfof{no, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

If]qdf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw<br />

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf<br />

sfof{no, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

If]qdf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw<br />

(204) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


^<br />

&<br />

n}lus lx+;flj?4sf] !^ l<strong>bg</strong>]<br />

cleofg tyf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

nufot ljifodf 5nkmn<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog<br />

cj:yf cGt/lqmof<br />

@)&!÷*÷@!<br />

h'Dnf<br />

@)&@÷!)÷!!<br />

h'Dnf<br />

cfTd–;Ddfgsf nflu ;xsfo{<br />

h'Dnf, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf<br />

sfof{no, dlxnf <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

If]qdf sfo{/t ;ª\3;+:yfsf<br />

k|d'v÷k|ltlglw<br />

df=c=/f=sf= of]hgf lhNnf<br />

;dGjo ;ldltsf<br />

kbflwsf/Lx¿<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (205)


cg';"rL—*<br />

hf/L k|]; lj1lKt / k|]; gf]6<br />

qm=;= ldlt zLif{s lj1lKt÷gf]6 s}lkmot<br />

! @)&@ ;fpg %<br />

/fo–;'emfj ;ª\sngsf qmddf gful/s<br />

k|];<br />

ePsf] em8ksf] 36gfk|lt<br />

tyf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u uDeL/<br />

lj1lKt /fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@=<br />

@)&@ ;fpg &<br />

#= @)&@ ;fpg *<br />

$= @)&@ ;fpg !#<br />

% @)&@ ;fpg !&<br />

^<br />

&<br />

@)&@ ;fpg !&<br />

@)&@ ;fpg @!<br />

* @)&@ ;fpg @^<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ :jtGq, :jfoQ /<br />

;dfj]zL agfpg'kg]{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;'emfj<br />

Uff]bf/ 36gfsf bf]ifLdfly cem}<br />

sf/afxL gePsf]df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

ulDe/ Wofgfsif{0f<br />

oyfzL3| sf/afxL gu/]<br />

bf]ifLsf] gfd <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

pNnª\3gstf{sf] ¿kdf<br />

clen]v ul/g]<br />

!$ jifL{o afns l<strong>bg</strong>]z<br />

;fxdfly ePsf] k|x/L bdgsf]<br />

36gfk|lt <strong>cfof</strong>]u uDeL/,<br />

36gfsf] ;TotYo 5fgljg u/L<br />

bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL ug{ dfu<br />

klx/f] k|efljtx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft<br />

:yfgdf ;fg{ cfu|x<br />

cGwljZjf;df afnssf] xTof<br />

ug]{ sfo{ kfzljsM <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

gjnk/f;Ldf 36gf k'gM<br />

bf]xf]l/g gl<strong>bg</strong> sfg"gL sf/afxL<br />

/ ;r]tgf cfjZos<br />

l;/fxfsf dlns kl/jf/n] Gofo<br />

kfP<br />

;'v]{tdf b'O{ hgfsf] d[To'<br />

ePsf] 36gfk|lt <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

Wofgfsif{0f,<br />

jftf{ / ;+jfbsf] dfWodaf6<br />

;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ cfu|x<br />

(206) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

hftLo<br />

lje]b–<br />

lj?åsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/


(= @)&@ ;fpg #!<br />

!)= @)&@ ebf} !<br />

aGb–x8\tfndf afnaflnsfsf]<br />

k|of]u ug'{ æ;+ljwfg / sfg"gÆ<br />

ljk/Lt<br />

;Dkfbs uf]kfn a'9fyf]sLsf]<br />

3/df vfgtnf;L ug]{ sfo{k|lt<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] Wofgfsif{0f .<br />

!!= @)&@ ebf} } # aGbsf] ljsNk vf]Hg cfu|x<br />

!@<br />

@)&@ ebf} } ^<br />

!# @)&@ ebf} } *<br />

!$ @)&@ ebf} } ( Uft]<br />

!% @)&@ ebf} } !)<br />

!^ @)&@ ebf} } !$<br />

!&<br />

@)&@ ebf} } !%<br />

;+oldt / ;+j]<strong>bg</strong>zLn aGg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cfu|x<br />

s}nfnL 36gfsf] lgikIf<br />

5fgljg ug{ cfu|x, ;+od /<br />

;+j]<strong>bg</strong>zLn aGg hf]8<br />

e"sDk clt k|efljt lhNnfdf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf]<br />

cg'udg sfo{ k|f/De<br />

;z:q åGåsf] qmddf a]kQf<br />

kfl/Psfx¿sf] cj:yf<br />

;fj{hlgs u/<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf<br />

af/]df <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L /<br />

yf? ;d'bfosf ;ef;b\x¿aLr<br />

5nkmn,<strong>cfof</strong>]us} kxndf<br />

;j{kIfLo jftf{ u/L ;d:ofsf]<br />

lg/fs/0f ug{ ;ef;b\x¿sf]<br />

cfu|x<br />

cfGbf]ngnfO{ dof{lbt / zflGtk"0f{<br />

agfpm<br />

jftf{ / ;+jfbsf] dfWodåf/f<br />

;d:ofsf] xn vf]Hg cfu|x<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k]|; gf]6<br />

k]|;<br />

lj1lKt<br />

afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

j]kQf<br />

lj?4sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (207)


!* @)&@ ebf} } !^<br />

!( @)&@ ebf} } @!<br />

@)<br />

@!<br />

@@<br />

@#<br />

@)&@ ebf} } @$<br />

@)&@ ebf} } @%<br />

@)&@ ebf} } @^<br />

@)&@ ebf} @&<br />

@$ @)&@ ebf} #!<br />

@% @)&@ c;f]h %<br />

@^<br />

@)&@ c;f]h ^<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L4f/f <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] jt{dfg cj:yfaf/]<br />

k|wfgdGqL;Fu 5nkmn<br />

;fdflhs å]if km}Nofpg] cleJolQm<br />

gl<strong>bg</strong> cfu|x<br />

6Lsfk'/ 36gfsf] k'g/fj[lQ x'g<br />

gl<strong>bg</strong> cfu|x<br />

;]gf lkmtf{ u/L ;fy{s jftf{df<br />

a:g cfu|x<br />

;fy{s ;+jfb / jftf{af6<br />

lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s kl/l:yltnfO{<br />

;xL lbzfdf 8f]¥ofpg<br />

cfu|x .<br />

ljBfno ;'rf? ug{ tyf aGbdf<br />

afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u gug{<br />

cfu|x<br />

Affnaflnsf nufot ;a}sf]<br />

afRg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;'lglZrt<br />

u/<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] nf]stGq<br />

/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong> ;'lglZrt<br />

ug]{df <strong>cfof</strong>]u ljZj:t<br />

gGbk|;fb <strong>clwsf</strong>/Lsf] d[To'<br />

ePsf] jif{ l<strong>bg</strong>,M b08xLgtf<br />

cGTo u/<br />

k]|; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1]lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k]|; gf]6<br />

k]|;<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k]|;<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

gful/s<br />

ttyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@&<br />

@)&@ c;f]h &<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gsf<br />

36gfdf ul/Psf l;kmfl/;<br />

sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfaf/]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] cWoog ug]{<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

@* @)&@ c;f]h !!<br />

;j{;fwf/0fsf] b}lgs hghLjg<br />

si6s/ gagfpg cfu|x<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

gf=/f=÷cf=<br />

;f=;f=<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

(208) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


@(<br />

@)&@ c;f]h !@<br />

#) @)&@ c;f]h !%<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u4f/f <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

nufot ;d;fdlos cj:yfsf]<br />

af/]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf<br />

;lrjx¿;Fu 5nkmn<br />

b'wdlt lsgf/df e]l6Psf<br />

zjx¿sf] ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]un]<br />

;TotYo a'em\g]<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

#! @)&@ c;f]h @)<br />

#@ @)&@ sflt{s !<br />

;j{;fwf/0fsf] b}lgs hghLjg<br />

si6s/ gagfpg cfu|x<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u bz} +, ltxf/ tyf 57<br />

labfdf v'nf /xg]<br />

k]|;<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k]|;<br />

lj1lKt<br />

gf=/f=÷cf=<br />

;f=;f=<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

##<br />

@)&@ sflt{s<br />

!%<br />

#$ @)&@ sflt{s !*<br />

#% @)&@ sflt{s @@<br />

#^ @)&@ sflt{s @*<br />

#& @)&@ sflt{s #)<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffcl3 /<br />

kl5 ePsf cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf ljifos<br />

cg'udg <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

e"sDk kLl8tx¿sf] nflu<br />

tTsfn cfjZos Joj:yf ug{<br />

;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f<br />

jt{dfg <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;ª\s6<br />

/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] l:ylt<br />

;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]u4f/f h?/L<br />

clkn hf/L<br />

cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf]<br />

;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

cWoIf;lxtsf] 6f]nL stf/ tkm{<br />

k|:yfg<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u<br />

g]kfn / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;ldlt stf/aLr g]kfnL<br />

cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+/If0fsf nflu ;dembf/L kqdf<br />

x:tfIf/ ;DkGg<br />

k]|;<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

gf=/f=÷cf=<br />

;f=;f=<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfk|jf;L<br />

sfdbf/<br />

x¿sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfk|jf;L<br />

sfdbf/<br />

x¿sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (209)


#* @)&@ dª\l;/ $<br />

#( @)&@ dª\l;/ ^<br />

$) @)&@ dª\l;/ &<br />

$! @)&@ dª\l;/ !!<br />

$@ @)&@ dª\l;/ !*<br />

$# @)&@ dª\l;/ @@<br />

$$ @)&@ k'; !<br />

$%= @)&@ k'; !#<br />

$^= @)&@ k'; !^<br />

$&= @)&@ df3 #<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljZjJofkL<br />

cfjlws ;dLIff sfo{bnsf]<br />

a}7sdf JoQm ePsf k|lta4tf<br />

sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/nfO{<br />

cfu|x<br />

gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo<br />

;ª\s6sf ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf<br />

–;+;b\ ;dflhs Gofo tyf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt /<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

kbflwsf/LaLr 5nkmn<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L / dw];L<br />

df]rf{sf g]tfx¿;Fu ;d;fdlos<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn<br />

aGb–x8\tfnh:tf s'g} klg<br />

sfo{qmddf afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u<br />

gug{ cfu|x<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifsdfly<br />

ePsf] cfs|d0fsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]u4f/f<br />

eT;{gf,cg'udgdf /x]sf kfFr}<br />

6f]nLnfO{ lkmtf{ x'g cfb]z<br />

;+j}wflgs bfloTjcg'¿k<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cg'udg sfo{ lg/<br />

Gt/<br />

Gofo l<strong>bg</strong> l9nfO{ gug{ ;DalGwt<br />

lgsfonfO{ tTsfn kxn ug{<br />

cfu|x<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> kbflwsf/L / u[xdGqL<br />

a:g]taLr <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

ljifodf 5nkmn<br />

xjfO{ dfu{af6 Gofgf] cf]9\g]<br />

cf]5Øfpg] nQfsk8f tTsfn<br />

pknAw u/fpg ;/sf/nfO{<br />

cfu|x<br />

ljsl;t lje]bhGo dfgl;stf<br />

cGTo ug{ cfu|x<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

afn<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

(210) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


$* @)&@ df3 $<br />

$( @)&@ df3 %<br />

%) @)&@ df3 ^<br />

%! @)&@ df3 &<br />

%@ @)&@ df3 *<br />

%# @)&@ df3 !@<br />

%$ @)&@ df3 !*<br />

%% @)&@ df3 @!<br />

%^ @)&@ df3 @(<br />

%& @)&@ kmfu'g #<br />

%* @)&@ r}t !%<br />

e"sDk kLl8tsf] cg'bfgsf]<br />

rfdn laqmL ;DaGwdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

Wofgfsif{0f<br />

;z:q åGå kLl8t kl/jf/ /<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf zdf{aLr e]6<br />

t:s/L / sfnf]ahf/Laf6<br />

hLljsf]kfh{gsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+s6df<br />

t/fO{ dw];df hf/L cfGbf]ngaf6<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/df k/]sf] c;/<br />

Dff]/ªsf] /ª\u]nL / 8folgofdf<br />

ePsf] 36gfk|lt <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

Wofgfsif{0f<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf]<br />

;DaGwdf k|wfgdGqL / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

kbflwsf/LaLr 5nkmn<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf]<br />

;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoaLr<br />

5nkmn<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ tyf nf]stflGqs<br />

d"No / dfGotfsf] ;Ddfg ug{<br />

cfu|x<br />

;du| <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf]<br />

af/]df <strong>cfof</strong>]åf/f hgsk'/ If]qsf]<br />

:ynut cg'udg<br />

/ª\u]nL / 8folgof 36gfsf]<br />

cg';Gwfg ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] pRr<br />

:t/Lo 6f]nL df]/ªdf<br />

:j=bof/fd kl/of/sf] !) cf}+<br />

:d[lt lbj; dgfOof]<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (211)


%( @)&@ r}t @$<br />

^) @)&@ r}t @$<br />

^! @)&@ r}t @*<br />

^@ @)&@ r}t @(<br />

hfh/sf]6sf] b;]/f ufpF<br />

ljsf; ;ldltdf b]lvPsf]<br />

emf8fkvfnfsf]<br />

;T;TotYo a'emL la/fdLx¿sf]<br />

pkrf/ ;'? ug{ ;/sf/nfO{<br />

cfu|x<br />

k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ jiff{tsf]<br />

;do cufj} lta|tf lbO{ e"sDk<br />

kLl8tx¿nfO{ af;sf] Joj:yf<br />

ldnfpg <strong>cfof</strong>]uåf/f g]kfn<br />

;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f<br />

ljZjJofkL cfjlws <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong><br />

-o"kLcf/_ ;DaGwL wf/0ffaf/]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] Wofgfsif{0f<br />

cfunfuLsf 36gfk|lt <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

Wofgfsif{0f<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

^# @)&# j}zfv #!<br />

^$ @)&# h]7 @&<br />

^% @)&# h]7 @&<br />

^^ @)&# h]7 #)<br />

;ª\3Lo u7aGwgn] <strong>cfof</strong>]hgf<br />

ug]{ cfGbf]ngsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+:yfx¿n] cg'udg ug]{,<br />

cfGbf]ng zflGtk"0f{ agfpg<br />

cfu|x<br />

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lgb] {zgfTds<br />

cfb]z / cGtl/d cfb]zsf] ;d]t<br />

pNnª\3g u/L /fHon] hgtfsf]<br />

;DklQsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ xgg\ u/]sf]<br />

eGb} :yfgLo jfl;Gbfåf/f<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]udf Wofgfsif{0f<br />

aGbsf sf/0f gful/ssf]<br />

hghLjg si6s/ ePsf]k|lt<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f<br />

JolQmsf] dof{bf / sfg"gsf]<br />

zf;gsf] ;Ddfg u/<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gful/s<br />

tyf<br />

/fhgLlts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

(212) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


^& @)&# c;f/ !<br />

;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx¿<br />

;+/If0f ug{ tyf pkef]Qmfsf]<br />

hLjgsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Iff ug{<br />

cfu|x<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

^* @)&# c;f/ @<br />

^( @)&# c;f/ %<br />

&) @)&# c;f/ ^<br />

&! @)&# c;f/ &<br />

&@ @)&# c;f/ !@<br />

&# @)&# c;f/ #!<br />

af]Ng g;Sg] dlxnfdfly ePsf]<br />

;fd"lxs anfTsf/ 36gfsf]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]uåf/f cg'udg<br />

e"sDk kLl8tx¿sf] cfwf/e"t<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ hf]lvddf<br />

—;a} g]kfnL cfk|jf;L sfdbf/<br />

x¿sf] ;'/Iffdf uDeL/ x'g<br />

cfu|x<br />

—k|dfl0ft geO{ s;}nfO{ klg<br />

ck/fwLsf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ gug{<br />

cfu|x<br />

cfd pkef]Qmfsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/<br />

If0fdf k|lta4 /xg cfu|x<br />

oftgf/lxt jftfj/0f l;h{gf<br />

ug{ cfu|x<br />

8f= uf]ljGb s];Lsf]hLjg–/Iff u/L<br />

:jf:Yo pkrf/df ;+j]<strong>bg</strong>zLn<br />

x'g <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cfu|x<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|];<br />

lj1lKt,<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

k|]; gf]6<br />

dlxnf<br />

lje]b<br />

lj¿3sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfk|jf;L<br />

sfdbf/<br />

x¿sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cfly{s,<br />

;fdflhs<br />

tyf<br />

;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

oftgf–<br />

lj¿4sf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

gf=/f=÷cf=<br />

;f=;f=<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (213)


cg';"rL—(<br />

-s_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfj<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf plNnlvt <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf<br />

ljifox¿df<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfjx¿<br />

@)&@ ;fpg & ut]<br />

<br />

(214) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

;}4flGts tyf ;du| ;'emfjx¿<br />

qm=;+= ;'emfjx¿ cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

!<br />

k|:tfjgf ;+ljwfgsf] cfTdf ePsf] x'gfn] ;ª\lIfKt<br />

p2]Zod"ns, :ki6 / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL x'g'kg]{ .<br />

· k|:tfjgfn] ;+ljwfgsf] >f]t / p2]ZonfO{ :ki6 ug]{ ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ;ª\lIfKt agfO{<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d}qL zAbfjnL / efiff k|of]u ug{ pko'Qm x'g] .<br />

· /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿sf] of]Uotf qmdzM ;jf]{Rr<br />

cbfntsf k"j{–k|wfgGofofwLz tyf GofofwLz jf ;f] ;/x x'g'kg]{ / cGo ;+j}wflgs<br />

lgsfox¿sf] t'ngfdf of]Uotf km/s ePsf]n] .<br />

"!<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ dof{bfqmddf<br />

;+j}wflgs <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿dWo] klxnf] :yfgdf /flvg'kg]{<br />

/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u :jtGq / :jfoQ /xg] s'/f ;DalGwt<br />

wf/fdf v'nfpg'kg]{ .<br />

· cGo <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿df ^% aif{sf] pd]/xb ePsf]df <strong>cfof</strong>]udf o:tf] Joj:yf geO{ ^% jif{<br />

pd]/xb k"/f u/]/ lgj[Q ePsf k|wfgGofofwLz jf GofofwLz <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] kbflwsf/Lsf]<br />

¿kdf lgo'Qm x'g] Joj:yf ePsf]n] ;+j}wflgs lgsfox¿dWo] ;a}eGbf dfly<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u;DaGwL Joj:yf /fVg' pko'Qm x'g] .<br />

· /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ ;+j}wflgs <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿dWo] klxnf] dof{bfqmddf /fVg]<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{onfO{ lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong> .<br />

· cGo ;+j}<br />

}wflgs <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿sf] cGt/f{li6«o :t/df d"Nofª\sg ug]<br />

{ Joj:yf gePsf] t/<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :jfoQtf / :jtGqtfsf] cfwf/df P, aL / ;L u/L<br />

:t/Ls/0f x'g] ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgdf <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :jtGqtf / :jfoQtf pNn]v ul/g'<br />

pko'Qm x'g] .<br />

<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (215)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

qm=;+= ;'emfjx¿ cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

!<br />

j+zhsf] cfwf/ / cª\uLs[t gful/stf;DaGwL<br />

Joj:yf n}ª\lus ;dfgtfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 Gofof]lrt<br />

x'g'kg]{ { .<br />

· j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|bfg ug]{ ljifodf n}ª\lus ;dfgtfnfO{ cfTd;ft<br />

ug'{kg]{ .<br />

· cª\lus[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ dlxnf / k'?ifjLr km/s–km/s zt{ /fVbf e]befjsf]<br />

cj:yf l;h{gf x'g] ePsf]n] .<br />

!<br />

df}lns xs tTsfn k|rng x'g] <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿<br />

ePsfn] sfg'gadf]lhd elg ;Lldt ug'{ pko'St<br />

gx'g] tyf df}lns xscGt{ut pNn]v ePsf<br />

sltko ljifox¿ /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf<br />

gLltcGt{ut ;dfj]z ug{ pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn]<br />

To;nfO{ ldnfpg'kg]{ { .<br />

· df}lns xsx¿ tTsfn} k|rng x'g] <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ x'g g ls sfg'gL <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ . ctM<br />

;+ljwfgdf df}lns xs egL pNn]v ul/;s]kl5 olt ;dokl5 sfg'g agfP/ nfu"<br />

ul/G5 eGg' <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ tyf df}lns xssf] l;4fGt ljk/Lt ePsf]n] k|:tfljt<br />

;+ljwfgsf] ljleGg wf/fdf plNnlvt sfg'gadf]lhd eGg] / tLg jif{leq sfg'g<br />

agfP/ nfu" ul/g] eGg] k|jwfg x6fO{ tTsfn} nfu" ul/g] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ .<br />

· df}lns xscGtu{t pNn]v ul/Psf sltko ljifox¿ df}lns xssf] ¿kdf eGbf klg<br />

efu $ df /fVg pko'Qm x'g] lsl;dsf b]lvPsf]n] .<br />

"!<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u / cGo ;+j}wflgs<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿ -/<strong>fli6«o</strong> dlxnf <strong>cfof</strong>]u, /<strong>fli6«o</strong> blnt<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u tyf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ;dfj]zL <strong>cfof</strong>]u_ –jLrsf]<br />

If]qflwsf/ / ;dGjosf] af/]df k|i6 Joj:yf<br />

ul/g'kg]{ { .<br />

· df}lns xsdf pNn]v ul/Psf cfly{s, ;dflhs <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿ pknAw >f]t;fwgsf]<br />

cfwf/df qmlds ¿kdf k|fKt x'Fb} hfg] ljifodf Wofg lbOg'kg]{ { .<br />

· plNnlvt ;j}wflgs <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿jLrsf] If]qflwsf/ sltko cj:yfdf bf]xf]l/Psf]<br />

cj:yfdf sfo{;Dkf<strong>bg</strong>sf] qmddf bf]xf]/f]kg Pjd\ ljjfb l;h{gf x'g] cj:yf cfpg<br />

gl<strong>bg</strong> If]qflwsf/ / ;dGjosf] af/]df :ki6 x'g'kg]{ { b]lvPsf]n] .<br />

<br />

(216) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

qm=;+= ;'emfjx¿ cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

!<br />

"!<br />

#!<br />

;sf/fTds lje]bcGtu{t ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs<br />

P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf pTkL8gdf k/]sf / <strong>dfgj</strong> ljsf;<br />

;"rsfª\sdf kl5 k/]sf ;d'bfonfO{ dfq ;d]6\g'kg]{<br />

;+ljwfgdf w]/} bf]xf/f] cy{ nfUg] lsl;dsf]<br />

zAbx¿sf] rog ul/Psf] b]lvFbf To:tf zAbx¿df<br />

;'wf/ ug{ .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gstf{nfO{ ;/sf/L,<br />

;fj{hlgs, ;+j}wflgs tyf /fhg}lts lgo'lQm gul/g]<br />

Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ { .<br />

· Dff}lns xscGtu{t /flvPsf ;d'bfon] k|foM ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g] / Jofks ePsf]n]<br />

jf:tlas ¿kdf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{sf] Gofo s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{ .<br />

· ;+ljwfgsf] ;du| cWoog ubf{ eflifs c:ki6tf b]lvO{ bf]xf]/f] cy{ nfUg] lsl;dsf<br />

zAb / jfSofFzx¿sf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOPsf]n] To;df ;'wf/ u/L :ki6 cy{ nfUg]<br />

;/n efiffsf] k|of]u ubf{ ;+ljwfgsf] p2]Zo k"/f x'g] ePsf]n] .<br />

· Dffgj<br />

ug{<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/k|ltsf] /fHosf] k|lta4tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / b08xLgtfsf] cGTo<br />

<br />

.<br />

{<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (217)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt wf/fdf ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

!@<br />

-@_-v_<br />

-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] g]kfndf hGd x' Fbfsf avt lghsf]<br />

cfdf jf afa'dWo] Ps g]kfnL gful/s /x]sf]df<br />

gful/stf k|fKt ubf{sf avt lghsf cfdf / afa'<br />

b'j} g]kfnL gful/s /x]5g\ eg] To:tf] JolQm .<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] g]kfndf hGd<br />

x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] cfdf jf<br />

afa'dWo] Ps g]kfnL gful/s<br />

/x]sf]df gful/stf k|fKt ubf{sf<br />

avt lghsf cfdf jf afa' g]kfnL<br />

gful/s /x]5g\ eg] To:tf] JolQm .<br />

· ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eO{<br />

Gfful/stfdf dlxnfsf] j+zLo xs<br />

;'lglZrt ug{ .<br />

@!<br />

@$<br />

-@_<br />

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs<br />

x'g]5 .<br />

k|ltaGwfTds Joj:yf<br />

t/ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] /]l8of],<br />

6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] l8lh6n<br />

jf ljB'tLo pks/0f, 5fkfvfgf jf cGo ;~rf/<br />

dfWodsf] lgodg ug{ sfg'g agfpg aGb]h nufPsf]<br />

dflgg] 5}g .<br />

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ dof{bfk"j{s afFRg<br />

kfpg] xs x'g]5 .<br />

@$-@_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSofª\z<br />

x6fpg] .<br />

· <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL<br />

3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f !<br />

cg's'nsf] Joj:yf ug{<br />

;Ddfgk"j{seGbf dof{bfk"j{s eGg]<br />

zAb pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn] .<br />

· s'g} klg cfwf/df ;~rf/<br />

dfWoodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{<br />

vf/]h ug{]{ sfo{ g]kfn kIf ePsf]<br />

gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

ljifos cg'aGw !(^^ sf] wf/f !(<br />

ljk/Lt x'g] x'gfn] .<br />

<br />

(218) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

· ;~rf/dfWox¿ sfg'gadf]lhd g}<br />

lgodg x'g] x'Fbf df}lns xscGtu{t<br />

/fVg'kg]{ { ljifo gePsfn] .<br />

@$ pkwf/f -#_ kl5 pkwf/f $ yk ug]{ .<br />

-$_ o; ;+ljwfgb\jf/f k|bQ cfd<br />

;~rf/sf] xsdfly x:tIf]k jf<br />

lgoGq0f ePdf kLl8t kIfnfO{<br />

sfg'gadf]lhd plrt Ifltk"lt{<br />

kfpg] xs x'g]5 .<br />

· g]kfn kIf ePsf] gfu/Ls tyf<br />

/fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos cg'aGw,<br />

!(^^ sf] wf/f !( cg's"n agfpg<br />

tyf cfd;~rf/sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|rngsf]<br />

;'lgZrttf ug{ / cfkm\gf] xs xgg\<br />

ePsf] cj:yfdf kLl8tsf] Ifltk"lt{<br />

kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ .<br />

@%<br />

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k|ltaGwfTds jfSofFz<br />

t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] JolQm / zq'<br />

b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .<br />

-@_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd ;fdflhs<br />

k'g:yf{kgf / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .<br />

-!_ y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s<br />

oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d, c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo jf<br />

pSt <strong>k|ltj</strong>GwfTds jfSofFz x6fpg] .<br />

-@_ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd<br />

kl/k"/0f / kof{Kt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]<br />

xs x'g]5 .<br />

-!_ s;}nfO{ klg zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s<br />

oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d,<br />

· g]kfn kIf ePsf] gful/s tyf<br />

/fhgLlts ljifos cg'aGw !(^^ sf]<br />

wf/f (, !$--#_ sf] v08 v_ / wf/f<br />

!^ cg'¿k x'g cfjZos ePsf]n] .<br />

· kLl8tx¿nfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs /<br />

;fF:s[lts ¿kdf kl/k"/0f ug'{ /fHosf]<br />

bfloTj ePsf]n] .<br />

· g]kfn kIf ePsf] oftgf lj?b\wsf]<br />

dxf;lGw !(*$ sf] wf/f ! cg'¿k<br />

<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (219)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

@*<br />

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ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g . c<strong>dfgj</strong>Lo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/<br />

ul/g] 5}g .<br />

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /x]sf]<br />

JolQmsf] l:yltsf] af/]df lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf<br />

glhssf] gft]bf/nfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd tTsfn hfgsf/L<br />

l<strong>bg</strong>'kg]{ {5 .<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

kl/eflift ug{ .<br />

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf/s<br />

gh/aGbdf /x]sf] JolQmsf] l:yltsf]<br />

af/]df lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf<br />

glhssf] gft]bf/ jf<br />

sfg'gJoj;foLnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd<br />

tTsfn hfgsf/L l<strong>bg</strong>'kg]{ {5 .<br />

· y'gfaflx/ klg oftgf x'g ;Sg]<br />

ePsf]n] .<br />

· g]kfn kIf ePsf] gful/s tyf<br />

/fhgLlts ljifos cg'aGw, !(^^ sf]<br />

wf/f (, !$--#_ sf] v08 -v_ / wf/f<br />

!^ cg'¿k sfg'gJoj;foL;Fu k/fdz{<br />

lng kfpg] xs ;'lglZrt ug'{<br />

cfjZos ePsf]n] .<br />

#)<br />

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-@_ k|ultzLn s/sf] dfGotfcg'¿k /fHon] JolQmsf]<br />

;DklQdf cfjZostfcg';f/ s/ nufpg ;Sg]5 .<br />

pkwf/f -@_ x6fpg] .<br />

· s/ nufpg] sfo{ df}lns xssf]<br />

ljifo geO{ ;/sf/sf] gLltut ljifo<br />

ePsf]n] .<br />

#!<br />

-!_<br />

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] cf:yfcg';f/ wd{sf]<br />

cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug]{ tyf s'g} wd{af6<br />

cnu /xg] :jtGqtf x'g]5 .<br />

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf]<br />

cf:yfcg';f/ wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof;<br />

/ ;+/If0f ug]{ :jtGqtf x'g]5 .<br />

· <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL<br />

3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f !* tyf<br />

gful/s tyf /fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

ljifos dxf;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f !*<br />

df wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] af/]df pNn]v<br />

ePsf] tyf ljb\odfg cj:yfdf pQm<br />

Joj:yf pkwf/f # ;Fu aflemPsf]n] .<br />

<br />

(220) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

#@<br />

#$<br />

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k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfkm\gf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf]<br />

s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] / k|fKt ug]{ xs<br />

x'g]5 .<br />

k|ltaGwfTds jfSofFz<br />

t/ o; pkwf/fdf pNn]lvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs<br />

k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{ /fHon] clgjfo{ ;]jfdf<br />

nufpg ;Sg] u/L sfg'g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]<br />

dflgg] 5}g .<br />

-#@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfkm\gf] jf<br />

;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg<br />

ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg], k|fKt / k|jfx<br />

ug]{ xs x'g]5 .<br />

pQm k|ltaGwfTds jfSofFz x6fpg] .<br />

· g]kfn kIf ePsf] Gffu/Ls tyf<br />

/fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos cg'aGw<br />

!(^^ sf] wf/f !( df ;"rgf dfUg],<br />

k|fKt ug]{ / k|jfx ug]{ ;d]tsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNn]v ePsf]n] ;f] cg'¿k<br />

agfpg .<br />

· clgjfo{ ;]jf nufpg];DaGwL Joj:yf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] d"NodfGotf /<br />

l;4Gt ljk/Lt x'g] ePsf]n] .<br />

#$<br />

-%_<br />

pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg'gadf]lhd<br />

b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{<br />

kL8saf6 sfg'gadf]lhd dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs<br />

x'g]5 . Ifltk"lt{jfkt nfUg] vr{ kL8saf6 c;'npk/<br />

ul/g]5 .<br />

-%_ pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{<br />

sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf]<br />

sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{<br />

sfg'gadf]lhd kof{Kt Ifltk"lt{ /<br />

kl/k"/0fsf] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] /sd<br />

;/sf/n] kL8saf6 ;d]t e/fpg<br />

;Sg]5 .<br />

· x/]s kLl8tnfO{ lagfe]befj /fHoaf6<br />

kof{Kt Ifltk"lt{ / kl/k"/0f pknAw<br />

u/fpg] tyf To;sf] c;'npk/<br />

;/sf/n] kL8saf6 ug]{ Joj:yf<br />

ldnfpg .<br />

· kL8saf6dfq Ifltk"l{t kfpg] Joj:yf<br />

ubf{ kLl8tn] Ifltk"lt{ gkfpg] cj:yf<br />

cfpg] / kl/k"/0faf6 dfq kLl8tn]<br />

<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (221)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

#^<br />

-%_<br />

-%_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug] { k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{<br />

cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdf dfWolds tx;Dd lzIff k|fKt ug{ -%_o; pkwf/fdf /x]sf] ædfWolds<br />

/ sfg'gadf]lhd ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / tx;DdÆ eGg] jfSofFz x6fpg] .<br />

;~rfng ug]{ xs x'g]5 .<br />

$! pkwf/f ! kl5 pkwf/f @ yk ug]{ .<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

jf:tlas Gofo kfpg] x'gfn] .<br />

pkwf/f ! kl5 pkwf/f @ yk ug]{ /<br />

eO/x]sf] pkwf/fnfO{ qmdzM # / $<br />

ug]{ .<br />

-@_-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ef]s tyf<br />

s'kf]if0faf6 d'lQmsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ x'g]5 .<br />

· g]kfn kIf ePsf] gful/s tyf<br />

/fhgLlts <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos cg'aGw<br />

!(^^ sf] wf/f @& cg's"nsf] Joj:yf<br />

sfod ug{ .<br />

· cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ljifos dxf;lGw, !(^^ sf]<br />

wf/f !! -@_ tyf ;fdfGo l6Kk0fL g+=<br />

!@ cg's'n agfpg .<br />

$#<br />

-@_<br />

-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj /<br />

k|hgg;DaGwL xs x'g]5 / n}lËs klxrfgsf]<br />

cfwf/df e|"0fxTof ug]{ sfo{ sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo<br />

x'g]5 .<br />

pkwf/f -@_ sf] ;6\6f lgDg Joj:yf<br />

/fVg] M<br />

-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj<br />

/ k|hgg :jf:Yo;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .<br />

· Dflxnfsf] k|hgg :jf:Yosf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{,<br />

· dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf<br />

e]befjx¿sf] pGd"ng ljifos<br />

dxf;lGw, !(&( sf] wf/f $ -@_<br />

cg'¿k agfpg,<br />

· n}lËs klxrfgsf] cfwf/df e|"0fxTof<br />

ug]{ sfo{ sfg'gaf6 lgodg ug{<br />

<br />

(222) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

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-&_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo<br />

h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf<br />

cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf l<strong>bg</strong> kfOg] 5}g .<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

;lsg] ljifo ePsf]n] .<br />

-&+_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/,<br />

ljBfno jf cGo s'g} klg :yfg /<br />

cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s oftgf<br />

jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] b08;hfo l<strong>bg</strong><br />

kfOg] 5}g .<br />

Affn <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*(<br />

sf] wf/f #& cg'¿k agfpg .<br />

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sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6<br />

kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg'gadf]lhd<br />

Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .<br />

Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd /fHoaf6 ljz]if<br />

;+/If0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .<br />

-@_ o; efuåf/f k|bQ xsx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu<br />

cfjZostf cg';f/ /fHon] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf]<br />

tLg jif{leq sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{5 .<br />

kL8s zAb x6fpg'kg]{<br />

Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 dof{lbt<br />

¿kdf hLjg hLpg] ;lxtsf] ljz]if<br />

;+/If0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs<br />

x'g]5 .<br />

Dff}lns xsdf sfg'g agfO{ nfu"<br />

ul/g]5 eGg] zAb x6fO{ ;a} df}lns<br />

xsx¿ :jtM k|rng x'g] Joj:yf u/L<br />

of] pkwf/f x6fpg] .<br />

{ .<br />

· x/]s kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{<br />

lagfe]befj /fHoaf6 Ifltk"lt{ /<br />

kl/k"/0f pknAw u/fpg] tyf<br />

To;sf] c;'npk/ ;/sf/n] kL8saf6<br />

ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg .<br />

· dof{lbt ¿kdf hLjgofkg ug]{ Ho]i7<br />

gful/ssf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lglZrt<br />

ug{ .<br />

· df}lns xs sfg'g agfO{ nfu" ug]{<br />

ljifo geO{ :jtM k|rng x'g] Joj:yf<br />

ePsf]n] .<br />

<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (223)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

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-u_ /fi6«n] rfx]sf] avt cfjZos<br />

;]jf ug'{<br />

· clgjfo{ ;]jf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

l;4fGt ljk/Lt ePsf]n] .<br />

<br />

(224) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u;DaGwL Joj:yf<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

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/xg]5, h;df b]xfoadf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿<br />

/xg]5g\ .<br />

-!_ g]kfndf Ps :jtGq, :jfoQ /<br />

;Ifd /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u x'g]5 . h:fdf cWoIf /<br />

cGo $ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .<br />

cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lSt<br />

dlxnf;lxt ljljwtfsf] cfwf/df<br />

ul/g]5 .<br />

· <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGWfL k]l/; l;4fGt<br />

/ cGo cGt/<strong>fli6«o</strong> d"No /<br />

dfGotfadf]lhd :jtGq / :jfoQ<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

u7gsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ .<br />

· cGo ;+a}wflgs <strong>cfof</strong>]ux¿sf]<br />

cGt/f{li6«o :t/df d'Nofª\sg ug]{<br />

Joj:yf gePsf] t/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :jfoQtf, :jtGqtf /<br />

;Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df P, aL / ;L u/L<br />

:t/Ls/0f ug]{ ul/Psf]n] klg<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] Jo:yfdf :ki6} ¿kdf of]<br />

lgsfo :jtGq / :jfoQ /x]sf] x'g'kg]{{<br />

ePsf]n] .<br />

· ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj, ;dfj]zL /<br />

ljljwtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ .<br />

· ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf<br />

<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (225)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

km};nfx¿cg'¿k agfpg .<br />

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-v_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g,<br />

afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] If]qdf sfo{/t jf /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6<br />

of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 rf/<br />

hgf—;b:o .<br />

-^_ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf /<br />

;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'gadf]lhd<br />

x'g]5g\ . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf /<br />

;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{<br />

kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .<br />

v_ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f /<br />

;+j4{gsf] If]qdf sfo{/t jf /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf lqmofzLn<br />

/xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf<br />

Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 rf/<br />

hgf —;b:o .<br />

-^_ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds /<br />

;]jfsf zt{x¿ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf<br />

k|wfg–GofofwLz / GofofwLz;/x<br />

x'g]5 . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf / ;b:o cfˆgf]<br />

kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{<br />

kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{<br />

ablng] 5}gg\ .<br />

· ;'?df hf/L ul/Psf] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u P]g, @)%# sf]<br />

Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong> .<br />

· <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf<br />

ljleGGf If]qdf ljlzi7 of]ubfg<br />

k'¥ofPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

;b:o x'g of]Uo x'g] Joj:yf u/L<br />

If]qnfO{ km/flsnf] agfpg .<br />

· ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz<br />

jf GofofwLz kbaf6 ;]jf lgj[Q<br />

JolQm jf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f /<br />

;+a4{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf<br />

lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg<br />

k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ lgo'Qm<br />

x'g] Joj:yf /flvPsf] x'Fbf<br />

;f]xLadf]lhd dof{bf sfod ug{ .<br />

@$& -&_ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cWoIf jf -&_ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] · ;lqmo / ljlzi6 Ifdtf ePsf<br />

<br />

(226) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

-&_ ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm<br />

x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm<br />

;+j}wflgs kbafx]s cGo ;/sf/L<br />

;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g]<br />

5}g .<br />

JolStsf] of]ubfg /fi6«nfO{ rflxPsf<br />

avt ;+a}wflgs kl/ifbn] lgo'Qm ug{<br />

pko'Qm b]v]df ljsNk v'Nnf /fVg .<br />

@$* @$* -@_ sf] -em_ yk ug]{<br />

@$* @$* -!_<br />

@$*<br />

-@_<br />

@$*-@_sf] -em_ kl5 -~f_ yk ug]{<br />

-em_ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

sfo{;Dkf<strong>bg</strong>df s;}n] cj/f]w u/]df<br />

jf cfb]z jf l;kmfl/; kfngfdf<br />

cj1f u/]df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cjx]ngfdf<br />

sfg'g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{<br />

;Sg]5 .<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] k|b]zdf<br />

;d]t o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f, k|j4{g / k|efjsf/L<br />

sfof{Gjogsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|of]u ug]{5<br />

eGg] jfSofFz ykL ldnfpg] .<br />

-`_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/L jf cGo<br />

l;nl;nfdf ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfNfL<br />

gful/sx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yf<br />

;+/If0fsf] nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ .<br />

· <strong>cfof</strong>]un] sfo{;Dkf<strong>bg</strong> ubf{ x'g ;Sg]<br />

cj/f]wnfO{ x6fO{ wf/f @$*<br />

adf]lhdsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] sfdst{JonfO{<br />

k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;Dkf<strong>bg</strong> ug]{<br />

jftfj/0f agfpg .<br />

· <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] If]qflwsf/ k|b]zdf klg<br />

nfu" ug{ .<br />

· sl/a $) nfv g]kfnLx¿ cfk|af;L<br />

sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf ljleGg b]zx¿df<br />

/x]sf / pgLx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

cj:yf hf]lvddf /xsf]n] .<br />

<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (227)


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

@%*<br />

Wff/f @$* kl5 wf/f @$( yk u/L ldnfpg] .<br />

Wff/f @$( kl5 wf/f @%) yk u/L ldnfpg] .<br />

-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt<br />

/x]sf] d'2fdf dxfGofoflwjQmf jf lghsf] dftxtsf<br />

clws[taf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 .<br />

o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g}<br />

cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfo jf <strong>clwsf</strong>/L;dIf g]kfn<br />

;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg]<br />

s'/fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ x'g]5 . cleof]hg sfo{sf] nflu<br />

cfjZostfcg';f/ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] cleof]hgstf{<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

-@$(_ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] sd{rf/L;DaGwL<br />

Joj:yf M <strong>cfof</strong>]un] cfkm"nfO{<br />

cfjZos sd{rf/L cfkmF}n] lgo'lQm<br />

/ Joj:yfkg ug]{5 .<br />

-@%)_ -!_ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{<br />

ah]6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] Psd'i6<br />

¿kdf pknAw u/fpg] 5 .<br />

-@_ pkwf/f ! adf]lhdsf] /sdsf]<br />

cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf<br />

k/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6<br />

u/fpg'kg]{ {5 .<br />

k|ltaGwfTds Jof:yf yk ug]{<br />

t/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6<br />

d'2f rnfpg l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf]<br />

ljifodf dxfGofoflwjQmfn] clgjfo{<br />

¿kdf ;DalGwt cbfntdf d'2f<br />

rnfpg'kg]{ {5 .<br />

· k]l/; l;4fGt / ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a[xt\<br />

Ohnfzsf] cfb]zadf]lhd <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

lqmofTds :jtGqtf ;'lglZrt ug{ .<br />

· ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a[xt\ Ohnfzsf]<br />

cfb]z -/fdfof nfld5fg] lj= /<strong>fli6«o</strong><br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u;d]t_ tyf<br />

k]l/; l;4fGt !((# sf]<br />

Composition and guarantees of<br />

Independency and pliurasim sf]<br />

wf/f -@_ cg's"n Joj:yf ug{ .<br />

· <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pNnª\3gstf{nfO{<br />

sfg'gsf bfo/fdf Nofpg] s'/fsf]<br />

;'lglZrt ug{ .<br />

· ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cfb]z / <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong><br />

l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog ug{ .<br />

<br />

(228) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ;'emfjx¿<br />

wf/f k|:tfljt Joj:yf x'g'kg]{<br />

tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .<br />

{ k|fjwfg cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿<br />

@*$<br />

@*$= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfdsf/afxLsf] cg'udg<br />

/ d"NofÍg M ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v / kbflwsf/L<br />

;ª\3Lo ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL / hjfkmb]xL /xg'kg]{ {5 .<br />

;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfdsf/afxLx¿sf] cg'udg /<br />

d"NofÍg k|ltlglw;efsf] ;DalGwt ;ldltaf6 x'g]5 .<br />

k|ltaGwfTds jfSofFz yk ug]{<br />

t/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu"<br />

x'g]5}g .<br />

· k]l/; l;2fGt / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]<br />

km};nfadf]lhd <strong>cfof</strong>]u :jtGq /<br />

:jfoQ lgsfo ePsf]n] o;n]<br />

:jtGqtf / :jfoQtfdf g} uDeL/<br />

k|Zg p7\g] ePsf]n] .<br />

· wf/f @*% n] klg o; Joj:yfnfO{<br />

;Daf]wg ul/;s]sf]n] klg of] Joj:yf<br />

/fVg cfjZos gePsf] .<br />

<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (229)


-v_ <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z<br />

(230) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


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(232) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (233)


u_ e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Iflt, p4f/, /fxt tyf ljkt\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/z<br />

g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{<br />

-s_ p4f/ ;DaGwdf<br />

!= k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljklQsf] Go"gLs/0f tyf p4f/sf qmddf k"j{<br />

tof/L ckof{Kt b]lvPsf]n] cfufdL l<strong>bg</strong>df ;'wf/ ug{ .<br />

@= e"sDknufotsf k|fs[lts k|sf]kkl5sf] p4f/sf nflu ;/sf/L ;|f]t;fwg cToGt<br />

Go"g /x]sfn] ;f]sf] kof{Kt Joj:yfkg ug{ .<br />

#= e"sDkdf k/L a]kQf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf vf]htnf; ug{ tyf<br />

k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 d[To' eO{ klxrfg x'g g;s]sf zjx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ubf{<br />

clgjfo{ ¿kdf 8LPgP k/LIf0f u/L tYofÍ b'?:t /fVg] Joj:yf ug{ .<br />

$= k|fs[lts k|sf]kkl5sf] cj:yfdf <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rlavg vf;u/L dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf]<br />

a]rlavgsf] hf]lvd a9]sf] kfOPsf] x'Fbf To;sf] Go"gLs/0f ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿nfO{<br />

k|efjsf/L agfpg .<br />

%= k|fs[lts k|sf]k Pjd\ e"sDkaf6 s;/L ;'/lIft x'g] eGg] ljifodf ljBfno,<br />

ljZjljBfno Pjd\ cGo z}lIfs ;+:yfdf Jofjxfl/s lzIff k|j4{g ug{ .<br />

^= p4f/;DaGwL sfo{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] ug{ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltnfO{ ;/sf/sf]<br />

s'g} lgsfo jf ljefu cGtu{t g/fvL 5'6\6}, :jtGq, ;|f]t;fwg / <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;DkGg<br />

lgsfo agfpg .<br />

-v_ /fxt ;DaGwdf<br />

!= k'glg{df{0f sfo{df ePsf] l9nfOsf] sf/0faf6 lqkfn / c:yfoL 6x/fdf a;f]af;<br />

ul//x]sf e"sDkkLl8tx¿ lr;f]sf sf/0f d[To' ;d]t ePsf] kfOPsf]n] df};d<br />

cg's"nsf] /fxt ljt/0f Pjd\ k"j{ ;fjwfgLsf pkfox¿ cjnDag u/L k|fs[lts<br />

k|sf]k k|efljtx¿sf] hLjg /Iffsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg .<br />

@= e"sDkn] k"0f{ Iflt ePsf 3/sf kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] ljt/0f u/]sf] c:yfoL cfjf;<br />

Joj:yfkg / Gofgf] sk8fafktsf] /sd pNn]Vo ;+Vofsf kLl8tx¿n] k|fKt gu/]sf]<br />

/ k|fKt u/]sfn] klg lgs} l9nf] u/L k|fKt u/]sfn] /fxt ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ kf/bzL{<br />

/ Gofof]lrt agfpg .<br />

#= /fxt ljt/0f sfo{ a9L zx/ / /fhdfu{ s]lGb|t b]lvPsf] Pjd\ /fhgLlts kx'Fr<br />

;d]tsf] sf/0faf6 ljt/0f k|0ffnL ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t gePsf] kfOPsf]n] u|fdL0f<br />

Pjd\ b"u{d If]qsf afl;Gbfx¿sf] kx'Fr k'Ug] u/L ;a} If]q / ;d'bfosf e"sDkkLl8tnfO{<br />

(234) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


fHosf] tkm{af6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf, ;'ljwf / ;x'lnotaf6 jl~rt gx'g] u/L ;dfg<br />

kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ .<br />

$= ef}uf]lns ljs6tf / af6f]3f6f]sf] cefjdf ljs6 :yfgdf vfBfGg, nQfsk8f /<br />

cfjZos cGo ;fdu|L 9'jfgL / ljt/0fdf ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] kfOPsf]n] To;sf]<br />

plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ .<br />

%= cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, bft[ lgsfo cflb;F<strong>usf</strong>] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df<br />

Psåf/ k|0ffnLdfkm{t /fxt ljt/0f Pjd\ ljkt\ Joj:yfkgsf sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L<br />

¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ .<br />

^= /fxt ljt/0f ubf{ kLl8tx¿sf] cfjZostf klxrfg u/L pgLx¿sf] cfjZostfsf<br />

cfwf/df ljt/0f ug{ tyf 3/w'/Lsf cfwf/df /fxt ljt/0f ubf{ Gofof]lrt<br />

gb]lvPsfn] kfl/jfl/s ;b:o ;+Vofsf cfwf/df ug{ ] Joj:yf ldnfpg .<br />

&= k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 k|efljtx¿nfO{ /fxt ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] ljklQaf6 ;b:o<br />

u'dfPsf kl/jf/, ue{jtL Pjd\ ;'Ts]/L dlxnf, lzz' Pjd\ afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/<br />

s, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo, b"u{d If]qsf gful/s tyf ul/aLsf]<br />

/]vfd'lg /x]sf] ju{nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf l<strong>bg</strong>] Joj:yf ldnfpg .<br />

*= u'0f:t/xLg /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] ljt/0f ePsf] sf/0faf6 kLl8tx¿sf] :jf:Yo / <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ pkef]udf ;d:of pTkGg ePsfn] u'0f:t/xLg ;fdu|Lsf] ljt/0fdf lgoGq0f<br />

u/L bf]ifLpk/ sfg"gL sf/afxL ug{ .<br />

(= g]kfn ;/sf/n] e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ egL k|fKt ePsf] rfdnnufotsf] /fxt ;fdu|L<br />

;dodf g} ljt/0f gu/L laqmL ug{ nfluPsf] ;d]t kfOPsf]n] o;af6 kLl8tx¿<br />

/fxt kfpgaf6 jl~rt ePsf] tyf bftfx¿df ;d]t gsf/fTds ;Gb]z hfg]tkm{<br />

;r]t eO{ pknAw /fxt ;fdu|L ;dodf g} kLl8x¿nfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf<br />

ldnfpg .<br />

!)= /fxt ;fdu|L ljt/0fdf clgoldttf tyf b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'sf] s[lqd cefj,<br />

d"Noj[l4 tyf sfnf]ahf/L lgoGq0f ug{ k|efjsf/L cg'udg u/L sf/afxLsf] Joj:<br />

yf ldnfpg .<br />

!!= :yfgLo lgsfox¿df kof{Kt Pjd\ bIf hgzlQmsf] cefjdf /fxt ljt/0f Pjd\<br />

kl/rokq ljt/0fnufotsf sfddf l9nf;':tL eO{ /fxt ljt/0f sfo{ k|efjsf/L<br />

x'g g;s]sfn] bIf / kof{Kt hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg .<br />

!@= sltko :yfgdf e"sDkkLl8t kl/rokq kxF 'rsf] cfwf/df Ps} kl/jf/sf @÷#<br />

hgfn] ;d]t lnPsf] / sltko kLl8tn] kl/rokq g} gkfPsf] x'Fbf ;f]sf] 5fgjLg<br />

u/L Jojl:yt ug{ .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (235)


-u_ k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwdf<br />

!= e"sDkkLl8tx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf sfo{df l9nfO{ x'Fbf k|efljtx¿sf] hghLjg si6s/<br />

ePsfn] k'g:yf{kgfsf sfo{ tTsfn k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ .<br />

@= e"sDkkLl8t;DaGwL tYofÍ ;ª\sng sfo{nfO{ ljvl08t, Jojl:yt, jf:tljs /<br />

oyfy{k/s agfO{ ;f]sf] cfwf/df k'g:yf{kgfnufotsf sfo{df e"sDkaf6 ;b:o<br />

u'dfPsf kl/jf/, cgfy afnaflnsf, Psn dlxnf, ue{jtL Pjd\ ;'Ts]/L dlxnf,<br />

Ho]i7 gful/s, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf b"u{d If]qsf gful/s<br />

Pjd\ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] kl/jf/nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf l<strong>bg</strong> .<br />

#= e"sDksf sf/0f hdLg lrl/Psf :yfgsf a:tL a:g of]Uo eP–gePsf] 5'6\Øfpg<br />

k|fljlws tyf e"ue{ljb\åf/f lg/LIf0f u/fO{ pgLx¿sf] ;'emfjsf cfwf/df of]hgfj4<br />

¿kdf k'g{:yfkgf;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ .<br />

$= hdLg lrl/P/ jf klx/f] uP/ lj:yflkt ePsfnfO{ plrt 7fpFdf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ tyf<br />

o;/L k'g{:yfkgf ubf{ k|efljtx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

;'lglZrt ug{ .<br />

%= e"sDkdf k/L kl/jf/ u'dfPsf, 3/ k"0f{¿kdf Iflt ePsf Pjd\ k'g:yf{kgf ul/g]<br />

JolQmx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] /f]huf/d"ns ;Lk tyf tflnd lbO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf<br />

ldnfpg .<br />

-3_ k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwdf<br />

!= e"sDk k|efljtx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[ltsnufot ;du| <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf nflu k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/d'vL cjwf/0ff<br />

cjnDag ug{ .<br />

@= k'glg{df{0fsf of]hgf th'{dfb]lv sfof{Gjogsf ;a} r/0fdf e"sDk k|efljtx¿sf]<br />

;dfj]lztf, ;xeflutf / kf/blz{tfsf cfwf/df of]hgfj4 ¿kdf sfo{ ;~rfng<br />

ug{ .<br />

#= ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ejg k'glg{df{0f ubf{ :jf:Yo tyf lzIff h:tf cfwf/e"t /<br />

cTofjZos ljifo;DaGwL ejgx¿nfO{ k|fyldtf l<strong>bg</strong>] tyf gofF aGg] ejgx¿<br />

ckfËd}qL x'g] u/L lgdf{0f ug]{ of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ .<br />

$= dfkb08ljk/Lt ag]sf 3/x¿ e"sDkaf6 a9L dfqfdf Ifltu|:t ePsf] kfOPsfn]<br />

ejg lgdf{0fdf j}1flgs dfkb08 agfP/ nfu" ug{ tyf dfkb08ljk/Lt ejg<br />

lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ ;r]tgf / sfg"g sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsf/L<br />

agfpg .<br />

%= e"sDkaf6 gi6 ePsf P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s Pjd\ ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] k'glg{df{0f ubf{<br />

;f]sf] df}lnstf ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;d'bfosf] ;fF:s[lts <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lglZrt<br />

ug{ .<br />

(236) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


^= ;/sf/L ejg elTsPsf :yfgdf gful/ssf cTofjZos JolQmut sfuhft<br />

-gful/stf, hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{, hGdd[To' Pjd\ j}jflxs k|df0fkq h:tf cTofjZos<br />

lnvt cBfjlws x'g] u/L k'gc{len]vg ug{ .<br />

&= k|fs[lts k|sf]kkl5sf] cj:yfdf k|efljtsf] nflu pknAw u/fOg] /fxt, ;]jf,<br />

;'ljwf, ;x'lnot Pjd\ dfkb08 ;d]tsf] af/]df k|efljt JolQmx¿ tyf sfof{Gjog<br />

ug]{ lgsfox¿ ;d]t cgle1 /x]sf] kfOPsf]n] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;/sf/n] k|bfg ug]{<br />

;]jf ;'ljwf af/] ;';"lrt ug{ ;"rgf gLlt to u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ .<br />

*= k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf /fxt, p4f/, k'glg{df{0f Pjd\ k'g:yf{kgf;DaGwL sfo{df ljBdfg<br />

sltko sfg"g tyf gLltx¿ ckof{Kt / cJofjxfl/s ePsf]n] To:tf sfg"gnfO{<br />

;+zf]wg / cfjZostfcg';f/ gofF sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f ug{ .<br />

(= :yfgLo lgsfodf nfdf] ;dob]lv hgk|ltlglwsf] cefjn] ubf{ ljkt\ Joj:yfkgsf<br />

sfo{df ;d:of b]lvPsf]n] :yfgLo lgjf{rg cljnDa ug]{ Joj:yf ug{ tyf ;a}<br />

uflj; / gu/kflnsfdf ;lrjnufot b/aGbLcg'?ksf sd{rf/L /xg] Joj:yf<br />

ldnfpg .<br />

!)= k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfsf sfo{ ubf{ ljkt\sf] cj:yfdf a:gsf nflu vfnL 7fpF<br />

agfpg], ;Dk"0f{ 3/;Dd bdsn k'Ug] u/L ;8sx¿ km/flsnf] /fVg], xl/ofnL<br />

af]6lj?jfx¿ /f]k]/ xl/t a:tLsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ h:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;f]<br />

cg';f/ nfu" ug{ .<br />

!!= k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfoaLr kof{Kt ;dGjo, ;Dks{<br />

Pjd\ ;xsfo{ u/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfd ug{ .<br />

/fhgLlts bnnfO{<br />

!= /fhgLlts bnx¿n] e"sDkkLl8tsf] ;d:of / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfk|lt lhDd]jf/<br />

eO{ ljgfk"jf{u|x k'g:yf{kgf Pjd\ k'glg{df{0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg .<br />

@= /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿n] OdfGbfl/tf, lgikIftf / hjfkmb]lxtfsf cfwf/df<br />

sfd ug{ .<br />

#= ljkt\sf] 38Ldf /fhgLlts k|ltikwf{ / ef]6 /fhgLlt eGbf dfly p7L Pstfa4<br />

¿kdf ljkt\sf] ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ;fdgf ug{ .<br />

u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfnfO{<br />

!= e"sDk k|efljtx¿sf] nflu sfo{ ul//x]sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu<br />

kof{Kt ;dGjo u/L kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xLtfsf cfwf/df sfo{ ug{ u/fpg .<br />

@= k|lta4tf hgfPcg'?ksf k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL sfo{x¿ e"sDkkLl8tsf] ;xeflutf /<br />

cfjZostfsf cfwf/df sfo{ ug{ .<br />

#= sfo{ ubf{ :yfgLo cfjZostf, k|s[lt, ahf/ d"NonfO{ ljz]if Wofg l<strong>bg</strong> .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (237)


gful/s ;dfhnfO{<br />

!= gful/s ;dfhn] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> ljkt\sf] 38Ldf cfdgful/s / kLl8tnfO{ ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f<br />

/ k|efjsf/L cg'udg;d]tsf] nflu kx/]bf/Lsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ .<br />

@= e"sDkkLl8tx¿sf] plrt k'gjf{;, k'glg{df{0f tyf u'0f:t/Lo vfBfGg, lzIff,<br />

:jf:Yosf] If]qdf s]lGb|t eO{ <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;xof]u k'¥ofpg .<br />

#= ljkt\sf] a]nfdf cgfjZos xf]xNnfsf kl5 gnfUg ;a}nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg .<br />

dfly plNnlvt ;a}nfO{<br />

!= k'g:yf{kgf / k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL sfo{df /fHosf ;a} lhDd]jf/ lgsfo, /fhgLlts<br />

bn, gful/s ;dfh Pjd\ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;+:yfaLr kof{Kt ;dGjo<br />

/ ;xsfo{ u/L sfo{ ug{ .<br />

(238) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


S.N.<br />

1<br />

cg';"rL—!)<br />

Participation of Commissioners and staffs in International Programme<br />

Name of<br />

Participant<br />

Designation Place Name of Programme Date of Programme<br />

Hon'ble Anup Raj Sharma<br />

Chairperson<br />

Mangolia<br />

Korea<br />

the 20 th Annual Meeting and<br />

Biennial Conference of Asia<br />

Pacific Forum of National Human<br />

Rights Institutions (APF) to be<br />

held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia<br />

from 26 – 28 August, 2015<br />

2015 ASEM Conference on Global<br />

Ageing and Human Rights of<br />

Older Persons, Seoul Korea,<br />

26-28 Aug, 2015<br />

26-28 Oct, 2015<br />

Qatar<br />

National Human Rights<br />

Committee, Qatar visit, November<br />

2015<br />

14-17 Nov. 2015<br />

Geneva<br />

29th Session of International<br />

Coordinating Committee of<br />

National Instituion for Human<br />

Rights (ICC of NHRIs)<br />

18-25 Mar, 2016<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (239)


2<br />

3<br />

4<br />

Hon'ble<br />

Prakash<br />

Wosti<br />

Hon'ble<br />

Sudip<br />

Pathak<br />

Hon'ble<br />

Mohna<br />

Ansari<br />

Bangladesh<br />

Geneva &<br />

Thailand<br />

Geneva<br />

Geneva<br />

Geneva<br />

Consultation Meeting on<br />

the Strategic Plan of NHRC<br />

Bangladesh, 16 August, 2015,<br />

Dhaka Bangladesh<br />

Visit to Geneva and Copenhagen<br />

as part of UPR Preparation, by<br />

Danish Institute for Human Rights<br />

(DIHR), 4-10 October, 2015<br />

RWI follow-up meeting to ICC<br />

side-event on NHRIs and conflict,<br />

Thailand<br />

Human Rights Council Universal<br />

Periodic Review (UPR) (Second<br />

Cycle), Geneva 4-6 Nov 2015<br />

31st Session of Human Rights<br />

Council on 11-18 March 2016<br />

Human Rights Council Universal<br />

Periodic Review (UPR) (Second<br />

Cycle), Geneva<br />

16 Aug, 2015<br />

4-10 Oct, 2015<br />

2-3 May, 2016<br />

4-6 Nov, 2015<br />

11-18 March 2016<br />

4-6 Nov, 2015<br />

(240) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


5<br />

6<br />

7<br />

Hon'ble<br />

Govinda<br />

Sharma<br />

Paudyal<br />

Bed Prasad<br />

Bhattarai<br />

Deepak<br />

Jungdhowj<br />

Karki<br />

Secretary<br />

Deputy-<br />

Director<br />

Geneva &<br />

Geneva<br />

Geneva/<br />

Demark<br />

Malaysia<br />

Geneva<br />

Korea<br />

Visit to Geneva and Copenhagen<br />

as part of UPR Preparation, by<br />

Danish Institute for Human Rights<br />

(DIHR)<br />

Human Rights Council Universal<br />

Periodic Review (UPR) (Second<br />

Cycle), Geneva<br />

Issues related to implementation of<br />

UPR recommendations, national<br />

human rights infrastructure and<br />

human rights monitoring, Geneva<br />

and Copenhagen, 4-10 October<br />

2015<br />

Annual Roundtable of Senior<br />

Executive Officer of National<br />

Human Rights Institutions NHRI<br />

of APF, Kulalumpure, Malaysia<br />

3-5 Nov. 2015<br />

31st Session of Human Rights<br />

Council on 11-18 March 2016<br />

2015 ASEM Conference on Global<br />

Ageing and Human Rights of<br />

Older Persons, Seoul Korea, 26-28<br />

Oct, 2015<br />

4-10 Oct, 2015<br />

4-6 Nov, 2015<br />

4-10 Oct 2015<br />

3-5 Nov 2015<br />

11-18 Mar 2016<br />

26-28 Oct 2015<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (241)


8<br />

9<br />

10<br />

11<br />

12<br />

Sarita<br />

Gyawali<br />

Badri<br />

Prasad<br />

Subedi<br />

Kamal<br />

Thapa<br />

Chhetri<br />

Kalpana<br />

Jha<br />

Khim Lal<br />

Subedi<br />

H R Officer Bangladesh<br />

H R Officer Geneva<br />

H R Officer Qatar<br />

H R Officer Qatar<br />

H R Officer Thailand<br />

the South Asian dialogue on<br />

Right to Food, 23-25, Nov 2015,<br />

Bangladesh, Dhaka<br />

31st Session of Human Rights<br />

Council on 11-18 March 2016<br />

National Human Rights<br />

Committee, Qatar visit, November<br />

14-17, 2015<br />

National Human Rights<br />

Committee, Qatar visit, November<br />

14-17, 2015<br />

APF 2016 Blended Learning<br />

Course on Human Rights<br />

Education, 26-30 Sept. 2016 Faceto-Face<br />

workshop in Bangkok,<br />

Thailand<br />

23-25 Nov 2015<br />

11-18 Mar 2016<br />

14-17 Nov 2015<br />

14-17 Nov 2015<br />

26-30 Sept. 2016<br />

(242) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


cg';"rL—!!<br />

cfly{s Joj:yfkg;DaGwL<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (243)


(244) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (245)


(246) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (247)


(248) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (249)


cg';"rL—!@<br />

cGt/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; / /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>cfof</strong>]u :yfkgf lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf dfggLo cg""k /fh zdf{sf] dGtJo<br />

^& cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> dfggLo<br />

cWoIf >L cg"k /fh zdf{n] l<strong>bg</strong>'ePsf] dGtJo<br />

!) l8;]Da/ @)!%<br />

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo", cfdlGqt cltly u0f Û<br />

cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df, o; sfo{qmddf pkl:yt x'g'eO{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sfk|lt<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf hfx]/ ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ xflb{s :jfut ug{ rfxG5' . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff kq, !($* hf/L u/]sf] cfh ^& aif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ ljZjsf<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong>nfO{ ;DDffg, Gofo, zflGt / ;xcl:tTj k|bfg ug]{ cfsf+Iff ;lxt hf/L ePsf] o; 3f]if0ffkqsf]<br />

ljz]if P]ltxfl;s dxTj /x]sf] 5 . cfhsf] k'lgt l<strong>bg</strong>n] xfdL ;a}df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:s[ltsf] dg,<br />

jrg / sd{n] kl/kfngf / ;Ddfg ug]{ k|]/0ff k|bfg u/f];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .<br />

;DdfggLoHo",<br />

Dffgj <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfgsf nflu d"n ;"qsf ¿kdf /x]sf] ;dfgtf, dof{bf, Gofosf] k|Tofe"ltsf<br />

nflu b]zdf /fhgLlts l:y/tf, ;'zf;g, cy{k"0f{ tyf lbuf] ljsf;, k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf,<br />

zflGt;'/Iff, sfg"gL/fHo Pjd\ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo cTofjZos x'G5 . /fHosf k|To]s c+u, ;+:yf,<br />

;d'bfo / gful/s ;d]t o;sf nflu cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 k|lta4, ;r]t tyf ;hu /xg' cfjZos 5<br />

.<br />

d'n'sn] e/v/} dfq k|fKt u/]sf] gofF ;+ljwfgn] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf]<br />

dfWod4f/f bLuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . t/ cem}klg<br />

;+qmd0fsfnLg s]xL ;d:ofx¿ r'gf}ltk"0f{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff kZrft g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldfdf<br />

ePsf] cj/f]wsf sf/0f b]zdf pTkGg <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;+s6 / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ k|lts"n jftfj/0fn] yk<br />

sl7gfOx¿ v8f u/]sf 5g\ . of] c;xh kl/l:ylt cGTo ug{ oltv]/ ;/sf/, /fhg}lts bn ;lxt<br />

;Dk"0f{ lgsfosf]] ;t\k|of; / ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] cfjZostf 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f cl3 / kl5sf 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg u/L <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .<br />

b]zsf] jt{dfg l:ylt / <strong>dfgj</strong>Lo ;+s6 jf/] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfo, cfGbf]ng/t kIf /<br />

;/sf/sf] Wofgfs{if0f u/fPsf] s'/f ;Gbe{ klg :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5' ;fy} ;f] If]qdf cg'udgdf<br />

v6\g] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /Ifs, kqsf/ ;d]t hf]vLdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] t/fO{ dw]z<br />

If]qdf ePsf ;'/IffsdL{ tyf cfGbf]ng/t kIfaf6 ePsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ pn+3gsf 36gfsf]<br />

clen]vLs/0f / cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] tYo klg :d/0f u/fpg' rfxG5' .<br />

o; aif{sf] cf/Ded} a}zfv !@ ut] cfPsf] ljgf;sf/L e"sDk / To;kl5sf k6s k6s cfPsf]<br />

k/fsDkgaf6 k|efljt ePsfx¿sf] cfjf;, :jf:Yo, lzIff / hLjgofkg ;DaGwL <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cem} klg<br />

1<br />

(250) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


;'lglZrt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . t/fO{–dw]; If]qdf ePsf] cfGbf]ng / hf8f]ofdsf] z'?jft<br />

;Fu;Fu} pgLx¿sf] hLjg emg si6s/ e}/x]sf] cj:yfdf 5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]un] klg e"sDk k|efljt<br />

gful/sx¿ k|ltsf] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L dx;"; ub}{ cfjZosLo ;xof]u ug{ clt k|efljt !$<br />

lhNnfx¿df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ 3'DtL lzlj/ :yfkgf u/L cg'udg ub} { cfPsf] 5 . e"sDk k|efljtx¿sf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu k'glg{df0f k|flws/0f P]g tyf cfjZos ;+/rgfsf] zL3| vfFrf] 5 /<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;DalGwt ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] klg 5 .<br />

;z:q åGå sfnLg 36gfx¿ / ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] nflu :yflkt ;Tolg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u / j]kQf 5fgljg <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 tL ;d:ofx¿n] Goflos / plrt ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg]<br />

5g\ eGg] xfdLn] cfzf /fv]sf 5f} + .<br />

"OUR RIGHTS OUR FREEDOMS ALWAYS" eGg] cGt/f{li6«o gf/fsf ;fy o; aif{sf] cGt/f{li6«o<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ lbj; dgfO{ /x]sf] ;Gbe{df <strong>cfof</strong>]un] klg cfufdL ^ jif{sf] nflu æ;a}sf] nflu<br />

3/3/df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/, zflGt / ljsf;sf] cfwf/Æ d"n p2]Zo to u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% b]lv<br />

nfu" u/]sf] <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ^ jif] { /0fgLlts of]hgfåf/f o; p2]ZonfO{ d"t{¿k l<strong>bg</strong>] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .<br />

n}lËs c;dfgtf, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+:ff / b'Jo{jxf/, oftgf, <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rljvg / hftLo lje]b lj¿4<br />

cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' kg]{ cfjZostf tyf lzIff, :jf:Yo cfjf; / vfBfGg h:tf<br />

cfwf/e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/df ;xh / ;dfg kx'FrnfO{ /fHon] ljz]if k|fyldstf l<strong>bg</strong>'kg] { cfjzostf 5 eg]<br />

To;nfO{ k|Tofe"t u/fpg'kg]{ bfloTjaf6 klg <strong>cfof</strong>]u ljd'v /xg ;Sb}g\ . xfnsf] kl/l:yltn] b}lgs<br />

pkef]Uo a:t'af6 alGrt x'g k'u]sf pkef]Stfsf cfwf/e"t <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s k'g:yf{lkt<br />

u/fpg xfdL ;a}+sf] st{Jo lgi7tfsf] vfFrf] 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] gofF kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm ;Fu} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>//Iffsf ;DaGwdf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;DaGw<br />

lj:tf/sf nflu ljleGg sfo{x¿ ePsf 5g\ . ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnL >ldssf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

/Iffy{ stf/sf] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;ldlt / <strong>cfof</strong>]u ljr $ jif{sf] nflu b'O{ kIfLo ;dembf/L<br />

(Memorandum of Understanding) ePsf] 5 . o;n] stf/df /x]sf g]kfnL cfk|jf;L sfdbf/x¿sf]<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong>f]lrt xssf] nflu s]xL dfu{ k|z:t ePsf] 5 . o;} u/L g]kfnL >ldsx¿sf] afx'Notf /x]sf]<br />

cGo /fi6«sf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u;+u ;dembf/L ug] { <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . o;} aif{ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

tkm{af6 h]i7 gful/ssf] xs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;DaGwdf blIf0f sf]l/ofdf ;xefuLtf hgfPsf] 5 . Ho]i7<br />

gful/sx¿sf] xs <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;'lgZrtfsf] nflu 5'6[} dxf;GwLsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] / o;sf nflu<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ljz]if kxn ug'{kg]{ lgZsif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 .<br />

;DdfggLo dxf]bo tyf cfdlGqt cltly u0f Û<br />

o;} jif{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ kl/ifbsf] ljZjJoflk cfjlws ;dLIff (UPR) a}7sdf<br />

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g]kfnn] bf];|f] k6s ;xeflutf hgfPsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;b:o /fi6«sf] x}l;otn] g]kfn<br />

;/sf/n] UPR df <strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf JoSt u/]sf / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ kl/ifb (Human Rights Council) n]<br />

lbPsf] ;'emfjx¿sf] kfngf ug' { kg] { bfloTj x'G5 . ljutdf ;/sf/n] <strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf k|s6 u/]sf<br />

ljifox¿sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

dxf;lGwx¿sf] ;dodf g} <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x'g g;s]sf] ljifonfO{ klg ;/sf/n] uDeL/ ¿kdf lnO{ /fi6«n]<br />

u/]sf] k|lta4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ h¿/L 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL /fHon] <strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf hfx]/<br />

ul/;s]sf ljifo sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;do–;dodf ;hu u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L <strong>cfof</strong>]un] lgjf{x<br />

ul/cfPsf] 5 / o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong>] 5 .<br />

d'n'ssf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yfdf /<strong>fli6«o</strong>;do;fk]If <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;'wf/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u Nofpg] <strong>jflif</strong>{s clek|fon] <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> g]kfn @)&@÷&# ;/sf/n] (251) @)&!<br />

>fj0f b]lv nfu" u/]sf] rf}yf] k+rjifL{o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog<br />

cfjZos 5 . o; sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] l:yltsf] cg'udg ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ k|fKt lhDd]af/L<br />

lgZro g} k"/f ug]{5 . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;f] sfo{ of]hgfsf] cg'udg / k|a4{gsf] sfo{


ljifox¿sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL<br />

dxf;lGwx¿sf] ;dodf g} <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> x'g g;s]sf] ljifonfO{ klg ;/sf/n] uDeL/ ¿kdf lnO{ /fi6«n]<br />

u/]sf] k|lta4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ h¿/L 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL /fHon] <strong>k|ltj</strong>4tf hfx]/<br />

ul/;s]sf ljifo sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;do–;dodf ;hu u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L <strong>cfof</strong>]un] lgjf{x<br />

ul/cfPsf] 5 / o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf l<strong>bg</strong>] 5 .<br />

d'n'ssf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yfdf ;do;fk]If ;'wf/ Nofpg] clek|fon] g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)&!<br />

>fj0f b]lv nfu" u/]sf] rf}yf] k+rjifL{o <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ /<strong>fli6«o</strong> sfo{of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog<br />

cfjZos 5 . o; sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] l:yltsf] cg'udg ug{ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ k|fKt lhDd]af/L<br />

lgZro g} k"/f ug]{5 . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]un] ;f] sfo{ of]hgfsf] cg'udg / k|a4{gsf] sfo{<br />

cf/De ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df <strong>cfof</strong>]uaf6 ljutdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ l;kmfl/zx¿sf] k"0f{<br />

sfof{Gjog ug] { tkm{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] uEeL/tfsf ;fy Wofg k'¥ofpg] 5 eGg] ljZjf; JoQm ug{<br />

rfxG5' .<br />

;DdfggLoHo",<br />

b]zdf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f, ;+a4{g / To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{<br />

;+j}wflgs bfloTj o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ePsf] :d/0f ub} e"sDkn] sfof{no ejg k'0f{t Ifltu|:t eO{<br />

ljleGg k|sf/sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cefj ;d]tsf r'gf}tLx¿ ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . o;sf<br />

jfjh'b <strong>cfof</strong>]un] /<strong>fli6«o</strong> tyf cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf cfˆgf] e"ldsf dfkm{t ;sf/fTds ;+b]z k|jfx<br />

ul//x]sf xfdLn] dx;"; u/]sf 5f}F . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :jtGqtf / :jfoQtfsf] ;Gbe{df ljZje/Lsf <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] ;"rLdf g]kfnsf] <strong>cfof</strong>]u :yfkgfsfn b]lv g} …sÚ >]0fL sfod /xg ;kmn ePsf]<br />

s'/f :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5' . o; sfo{sf] nflu /<strong>fli6«o</strong> tyf cGt/f{li6«o xf};nf / z'e]R5fsf] klg d<br />

sb/ ug{ rfxG5' .<br />

gful/s cfGbf]ngsf] ;tt\ k|of;:j¿k :yflkt o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cfwf/:tDesf] ¿kdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{<br />

gful/s ;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ tyf ;+rf/hut;Fu <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4{gsf nflu<br />

ljutdf em}+ ;xof]u / ;xsfo{sf] ck]Iff ub{5' . ;a} ;'/Iff ;+oGq ;d]tsf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿,<br />

/fhgLlts bnx¿, k]zfut ;+3;+u7g, gful/s ;dfh Pj+ j'l4hLjL ju{n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:s[ltsf] 3<br />

ljsf;, dof{bf / ;Ddfg ug{ u/fpg cf–cfˆgf] :yfgaf6 oy]i6 ;xof]u k'/\ofpg' x'g]5 eGg] s'/fdf<br />

klg d ljZjf; JoQm ub{5' . cfhsf] o; sfo{qmddf :juL{o bof/fd kl/of/ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ :d[lt<br />

;Ddfg4f/f ;Ddflgt x'g' x'g] >L ljBfnIdL /fhe08f/LHo" / dft[sf b]jsf]6fHo"nfO{ xflb{s awfO<br />

1fkg ub}{ <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] If]qdf yk lqmoflzn /xg z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .<br />

cGTodf, cfˆgf] Jo:ttfsf] jfjh'b cd"No ;do l<strong>bg</strong>' ePsf]df k|d'v cltly ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL<br />

>L v8\uk|;fb cf]nLHo" tyf cfdlGqt ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿df xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .<br />

.. wGojfb ..<br />

@)&@.)*.@$ nlntk'/, g]kfn .<br />

(252) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> cWoIf >L cg"k /fh zdf{n]<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>]<br />

!& cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] pknIodf l<strong>bg</strong>'ePsf] dGtJo<br />

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo" tyf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿,<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] :yfkgf ePsf] cfh !^ jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . b]zleq<br />

;z:q åGåsf] cj:yfdf :yflkt o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] z'?sf] cj:yf lgs} g} r'gf}ltk"0f{ lyof]<br />

/ To:tf] r'gf}lt cem} klg lgd{ "n x'g ;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . ;fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtf, gful/s<br />

;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{x¿sf] c6'6 cf:yf / ljZjf;af6 of] <strong>cfof</strong>]u ljljw r'gf}ltsf<br />

afah'b\ klg hLjGt 5 .<br />

lj=;+=@)&@ ;fn j}zfv dlxgfsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] wghgsf] 7"nf] Iflt u/fof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkkZrft ;f]xL l<strong>bg</strong>af6} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg<br />

z'? u/]sf] lyof] . e"sDksf] sf/0f cfd gful/sx¿sf] a;f]af;sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, vfBfGgsf]<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/, :jf:Yo lzIffsf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/, ;LdfGts[t ju{, ;d'bfo, h]i7 gful/s, ue{jlt<br />

tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿ / sf/fuf/leq /x]sf<br />

s}bLaGbLx¿ nufotsf] ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/df uDeL/ cf3ft k'Ug uof] .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]un] g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzg, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3 / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3<br />

nufot k|efljt lhNnfsf cGo ;ª\3;:yf Pjd <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{x¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ 3'DtL lzlj/dfkm{t cg'udg u/L <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> ;fj{hlgs uof]{ . e"sDk<br />

k|efljtx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cem} klg ;'lGflZrt x'g ;ls/x]sf] l:ylt b]lvGgF .<br />

;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t k|fKt ;+ljwfgn] /fHosf] ;+/Rfgfnufot ljleGg ljifodf 7"nf] km8\sf]<br />

dfg{ vf]h]sf] 5 . clxn] d'n'ssf ;fd' ;+ljwfg ;xh tl/sfaf6 sfof{Gjog ug]{<br />

ljifo r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf s]xL cGt/j:t';Fu ;Gt'i6 x'g g;s]sf]<br />

/fhg}lts bnx¿sf] dfu, lj/f]w / <strong>k|ltj</strong>fbsf sf/0f /fi6«n] 7"nf] Ifltsf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf]<br />

xfd|f] ;fd' 5 . cfk;L ;+jfb\ / ;fy{s jftf{af6 g} k|To]s ljdltsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg'kb{5 .<br />

/fhgLlt / k|zf;g b'j} <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu x'g'kg]{df <strong>cfof</strong>]u b[9 5 . <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (253)


vf]hL ubf{ s;}n] klg st{JonfO{ e'Ng gx'g] / <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f,<br />

;+jå{g / kfngfd"ntM ;/sf/n] g} ug'{kg] {df låljwf /xg'x'Fb}g . /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]u o;sf] lgu/fgLstf{ dfq} xf] . dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ePsf] c3f]lift blIf0fL<br />

;Ldfgfsfsf] cj/f]waf6 g]kfnL hgtfn] em]Ng'k/]sf] b}lgs pkef]Uo ;fdu|Lx¿sf]<br />

cefj, sfnf]ahf/L / ahf/ cJoj:yfn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Lsf <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿df k/]sf]<br />

cgk]lIft k|efj tyf gful/ssf] :JftGqk"Jf{s lxF88'n ug{ kfpg] <strong>clwsf</strong>/;d]t s'l07t<br />

eO{ si6s/ hLjg latfpg afWo x'g'kof]{ .<br />

cfhsf] ;Gbe{df <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] cj:yfnfO{ <strong>cfof</strong>]udf jf cGo s'g} ;+:yfx¿df<br />

btf{ x'g cfpg] ph'/Lsf] ;ª\VofnfO{ x]/]/ dfq} ljZn]if0f ug'{ ;j{yf pko'Qm x'Fb}g .<br />

:jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, dof{bf / ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] dflg;sf g};lu{s <strong>clwsf</strong>/x¿sf]<br />

pkof]<strong>usf</strong>] l:ylt ;a} sf]0faf6 xfdLn] dgg\ ug{ cfjZos 5 . b]zsf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf]<br />

;'rsfÍ /fd|f] x'gsf] nflu zflGt, ;'/Iff / bLuf] ljsf; ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf x'g\ .<br />

b]zdf ePsf <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ cfGbf]ngsf] k|d'v nIo klg ;dfhdf /x]sf lje]bsf] cGTo<br />

u/L r/d ul/aL Go"gLs/0f / b]zsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; u/L /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf ug'{ /x]sf]<br />

5 . o; cj;/df d cfd hg;d"bfo, /fHosf lgsfo, bft[ lgsfox¿, gful/s ;dfh,<br />

k|j'4 ju{, kLl8t nufot ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu xft]dfnf] u/L <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f,<br />

;+j4{g / ;'lglZrttfsf nflu ljz]if ;xsfo{ u/L cufl8 a9\g cfJXfg ug{ rfxG5' .<br />

sfg"gL /fHo, ;'zf;g / b08xLgtfsf] cGTosf] l:ylt <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ / nf]stGqsf]<br />

kof{o ePsf] x'Fbf /fHosf k|To]s cª\uo;sf] nflu k|efjsf/L ¿kdf lqmofzLn x'g<br />

h¿/L 5 . <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;'lDkPsf] sfd st{Jo /<br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] kfngf ug]{ sfo{df st}af6 /f]sfj6 ul/l<strong>bg</strong>'x'Fb}g . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> j:t'lgi6<br />

<strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>x¿ s;}nfO{ ?lrs/ gx'g klg ;S5 . <strong>cfof</strong>]u s;}k|lt k"jf{u|xL 5}g . k"j{<br />

d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL lxdfn jf ;f] eGbf kf/L g]kfnL e"lddf a:g] kxf8b]lv t/fO{;Ddsf<br />

;d:t g]kfnLx¿sf] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;'lglZrttfsf] cfFsng ug{' o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] st{Jo<br />

xf] . n}lËs c;dfgtf, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+:ff / b'Jo{jxf/, oftgf, <strong>dfgj</strong> a]rljvglj¿4<br />

cleofg g} rnfpg'kg]{ tyf lzIff, :jf:Yo cfjfzh:tf cfwf/e"t ljifo j:t'df ;Dk"0f{<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> ;d'bfosf] ;xh kx'Frsf nflu k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg cfjZos 5 . ;Ddfgk"0f{<br />

Jojxf/af6 jl~rt ;Dk"0f{ pkef]Stfx¿sf] <strong>clwsf</strong>/nfO{ cfˆg} <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;DemL dof{lbt<br />

Jojxf/ ug{ h?/L 5 .<br />

b]zdf cem} klg <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] l:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs 5 eGg'kg]{ cj:yfdf 5}g . cl:y/<br />

¿kdf g} /x]sf] 5 . nfdf] ;dokZrft\ b]zn] ;+ljwfg k|fKt ul/;Sbf klg ;f] sf]<br />

(254) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g g;ls/x]sf], e"sDk k|efljtx¿ cem} klg k'g:yf{lkt x'g<br />

g;ls/xsf], ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] Joj:yf cem} ;'lgZrt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5<br />

. To;}n] k'glg{df0fsf] sfo{nfO{ jiff{tsf] ;docufj} tLa|tf lbO{ e"sDk k|efljtx¿nfO{<br />

af;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' cfjZos 5 . jftf{ / ;+jfb\sf] dfWodaf6 ;a} /fhg}lts tyf<br />

;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] oyfzL3| ;d:ofsf] xn vf]Hg h?/L 5 .<br />

<strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> ljutdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ l;kmfl/;x¿sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog ug]{tkm{ g]kfn<br />

;/sf/n] uDeL/tfsf ;fy Wofg k'¥ofpg] 5 eGg] ljZjf; JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . ;fy},<br />

cGt/f{li6«o kmf}hbf/L cbfnt;DaGwL /f]d ljwfgsf] cg'df]<strong>bg</strong> x'g klg :d/0f u/fpFb5' .<br />

<strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ljZjJofkL cfjflws ;dLIff ;Gbe{df g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|lta4tf u/]sf<br />

ljifox¿sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs agfpg kxn x'g'kg]{ / cGt/f{li6«o <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/;DaGwL dxf;lGwx¿sf] ;dodf g} <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> k]z x'g g;s]sf] ljifonfO{ klg<br />

;/sf/n] uDeL/ ¿kdf lng cg'/f]w ub{5' . <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong> <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong>x¿ ;+;b\;dIf<br />

k]z eO{ 5nkmn x'g] kl/kf6Lsf] z'?cft ug{ d ljz]if cfu|x ub{5' .<br />

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo" tyf cltlyHo"x¿,<br />

gful/s cfGbf]ngsf] ;tt\ k|of;df :yflkt o; <strong>cfof</strong>]<strong>usf</strong>] cfwf/:tDe ;Dk"0f{ gful/s<br />

;dfh, <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/sdL{ tyf ;~rf/hut g} ePsfn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df <strong>dfgj</strong><br />

<strong>clwsf</strong>/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gdf ljutdf em}+ oy]i7 ;xof]u / ;xsfo{sf] ck]Iff ub{5' .<br />

;a} ;'/Iff ;+oGq, ;/sf/L lgsfox¿, /fhgLlts bnx¿, k]zfut ;ª\3;ª\u7g Pjd\<br />

j'l4hLjL ju{n] <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ub}{ <strong>dfgj</strong>dof{bf pRr /fVgcf–cfˆgf]<br />

:yfgaf6 oy]i6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'x'g] g} 5 eGg] ljZjf; JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .<br />

cGTodf, cfˆgf] Jo:t ;dosf] jfjh'b <strong>cfof</strong>]unfO{ cd"No ;do l<strong>bg</strong>'ePsf]df k|d'v<br />

cltly ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L v8\uk|;fb zdf{ cf]nLHo" tyf cfdlGqt ;Dk"0f{<br />

dxfg'efjx¿df xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ labf x'G5' .<br />

.. wGojfb ..<br />

@)&#.@.!# nlntk'/, g]kfn .<br />

/<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (255)


(256) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&# (257)


(258) /<strong>fli6«o</strong> <strong>dfgj</strong> <strong>clwsf</strong>/ <strong>cfof</strong>]u <strong>jflif</strong>{s <strong>k|ltj</strong>]<strong>bg</strong> @)&@÷&#


s]Gb|Lo sfof{no<br />

xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/<br />

kf]i6 aS; g+=M (!*@, sf7df8f}+<br />

Od]nM nhrc@nhrcnepal.org<br />

kmf]g g+=M )!%)!))!%, !^, !&, !*<br />

j]j ;fO6M www.nhrcnepal.org<br />

k\mofS; M )!–%%$&(&#, %%$&(&%<br />

x6nfOg M %)!))))<br />

If]qLo sfof{nox?M<br />

lj/f6gu/, a/uf5L rf]s<br />

kmf]g g+=M )@!–$^!(#!, $^!)(#<br />

km\ofS;M )@!–$^!!))<br />

hgsk'/, b]jLdfu{<br />

kmf]g g+=M )$!–%@&*!!, %@&*!@<br />

km\ofS;M )$!–%@&@%)<br />

kf]v/f hglk|o dfu{<br />

kmf]g g+=M )^!–$^@*!!, $^#*@@<br />

km\ofS;M )^!–$^%)$@<br />

g]kfnu~h, zflGtgu/<br />

kmf]g g+=M )*!–%@^&)&, %@^&)*<br />

km\ofS;M )*!–%@^&)^<br />

wgu9L, pQ/ a]x]8L<br />

kmf]g g+=M )(!–%@%^@!, %@%^@@<br />

km\ofS;M )(!–%@%^@#<br />

pk–If]qLo sfof{nox?<br />

vf]6fª, lbQ]mn<br />

kmf]g÷k\mofS; g+=M )#^–$@)@*$<br />

?kGb]xL, a'6jn<br />

kmf]g g+=M )&!–%$^(!!, k\mofS;M )&!–%$&&^@<br />

h'Dnf, vnª\uf<br />

kmf]g÷k\mofS; g=+M )*&–%@)@@@

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