Middle Rio Grande Regional Water Plan

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demand in this sector. The amount of decline projected is based on interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the agricultural economy in each county (Section 6.2). Even in areas where the data indicate a decline in the agricultural economy, the high projection assumes that overall water demand will remain at the 2010 administrative water supply levels since water rights have economic value and will continue to be used. The livestock category includes water used to raise livestock, maintain self-supplied livestock facilities, and support on-farm processing of poultry and dairy products (Longworth et al., 2013). High and low projections for percentage growth or declines in the livestock sector were developed based on interviews with ranchers, farm agency employees, and others with extensive knowledge of livestock trends in each county (Section 6.2). The growth or decline rates were then multiplied by the 2010 water use to calculate future water demand. The commercial (self-supplied) category includes self-supplied businesses (e.g., motels, restaurants, recreational resorts, and campgrounds) and public and private institutions (e.g., public and private schools and hospitals) involved in the trade of goods or provision of services (Longworth et al., 2013). This category pertains only to commercial enterprises that supply their own water; commercial businesses that receive water through a public water system are not included. To develop the commercial self-supplied projections, it was assumed that commercial development is proportional to other growth, and the high and low projections were calculated as the 2010 commercial water use multiplied by the projected high and low population growth rates. In regions where the growth rate is negative, both the high and low projections were assumed to stay at the 2010 administrative supply water level, based on water rights having economic value. In regions where the population growth is initially positive but later shows a decline, the water demand projection will remain at the higher level for the remainder of the planning period, again based on the administrative water supply and the value of water rights. This method may be modified in some regions to consider specific information regarding plans for large commercial development or increased use by existing commercial water users. The industrial (self-supplied) category includes self-supplied water used by enterprises that process raw materials or manufacture durable or nondurable goods and water used for the construction of highways, subdivisions, and other construction projects (Longworth et al., 2013). To collect information on factors affecting potential future water demand, economists conducted interviews with industrial users and used information from the New Mexico Department of Workforce Solutions (2014) to determine if growth is expected in this sector. Based on these interviews and information, high and low scenarios were developed to reflect ranges of possible growth. If water use in this category is low and limited additional use is expected, both the high and low projections are the same. The mining category includes self-supplied enterprises that extract minerals occurring naturally in the earth’s crust, including solids (e.g., potash, coal, and smelting ores), liquids (e.g., crude Middle Rio Grande Regional Water Plan 2017 175

petroleum), and gases (e.g., natural gas). Anticipated changes in water use in this category were based on interviews with individuals involved in or knowledgeable about the mining sector. If water use in this category is low and limited additional use is expected, both the high and low projections are the same. The power category includes all self-supplied power generating facilities and water used in conjunction with coal-mining operations that are directly associated with a power generating facility that owns and/or operates the coal mines. Anticipated changes in water use in this category were based on interviews with individuals involved in or knowledgeable about the power sector. If water use in this category is low and limited additional use is expected, both the high and low projections are the same. Reservoir evaporation includes estimates of open water evaporation from man-made reservoirs with a storage capacity of approximately 5,000 acre-feet or more. The amount of reservoir evaporation is dependent on the surface area of the reservoir as well as the rate of evaporation. Evaporation rates are partially dependent on temperature and humidity; that is, when it is hotter and drier, evaporation rates increase. Surface areas of reservoirs are variable, and during extreme drought years, the low surface areas contribute to lower total evaporation, even though the rate of evaporation may be high. The projections of reservoir evaporation for each region were based on evaporation rates reported in the Upper Rio Grande Impact Assessment (USBR, 2013), which evaluated potential climate change impacts in New Mexico. This report predicted considerable uncertainty, but some increase in evaporation rates and lower evaporation totals overall due to predicted greater drought frequency and resultant lower reservoir surface areas. Although it is possible that total evaporation will be lower in drought years, since the projections are to be compared to 2010 use, assuming lower reservoir evaporation could give a false impression of excess water. Thus, the low projection assumes 2010 evaporation amounts. For the high projection, the same surface areas as 2010 were assumed, but higher evaporation rates, derived from the Upper Rio Grande Impact Assessment (USBR, 2013), were used to reflect potentially warmer temperatures. The high scenario projected using this approach represents a year in which there is a normal amount of water in storage but the evaporation rates have increased due to increasing temperatures. In reality the fluctuations in reservoir evaporation are expected to be much greater than the high/low range projected using this method. To evaluate the balance between supply and demand, the projections are being compared to the administrative water supply, including reservoir evaporation. It is important to not show an unrealistic scenario of excess available water. Therefore the full range starting with potentially very low reservoir surface areas was not included in the projections. Middle Rio Grande Regional Water Plan 2017 176

demand in this sector. The amount of decline projected is based on interviews with individuals<br />

knowledgeable about the agricultural economy in each county (Section 6.2). Even in areas<br />

where the data indicate a decline in the agricultural economy, the high projection assumes that<br />

overall water demand will remain at the 2010 administrative water supply levels since water<br />

rights have economic value and will continue to be used.<br />

The livestock category includes water used to raise livestock, maintain self-supplied livestock<br />

facilities, and support on-farm processing of poultry and dairy products (Longworth et al., 2013).<br />

High and low projections for percentage growth or declines in the livestock sector were<br />

developed based on interviews with ranchers, farm agency employees, and others with extensive<br />

knowledge of livestock trends in each county (Section 6.2). The growth or decline rates were<br />

then multiplied by the 2010 water use to calculate future water demand.<br />

The commercial (self-supplied) category includes self-supplied businesses (e.g., motels,<br />

restaurants, recreational resorts, and campgrounds) and public and private institutions (e.g.,<br />

public and private schools and hospitals) involved in the trade of goods or provision of services<br />

(Longworth et al., 2013). This category pertains only to commercial enterprises that supply their<br />

own water; commercial businesses that receive water through a public water system are not<br />

included. To develop the commercial self-supplied projections, it was assumed that commercial<br />

development is proportional to other growth, and the high and low projections were calculated as<br />

the 2010 commercial water use multiplied by the projected high and low population growth<br />

rates. In regions where the growth rate is negative, both the high and low projections were<br />

assumed to stay at the 2010 administrative supply water level, based on water rights having<br />

economic value. In regions where the population growth is initially positive but later shows a<br />

decline, the water demand projection will remain at the higher level for the remainder of the<br />

planning period, again based on the administrative water supply and the value of water rights.<br />

This method may be modified in some regions to consider specific information regarding plans<br />

for large commercial development or increased use by existing commercial water users.<br />

The industrial (self-supplied) category includes self-supplied water used by enterprises that<br />

process raw materials or manufacture durable or nondurable goods and water used for the<br />

construction of highways, subdivisions, and other construction projects (Longworth et al., 2013).<br />

To collect information on factors affecting potential future water demand, economists conducted<br />

interviews with industrial users and used information from the New Mexico Department of<br />

Workforce Solutions (2014) to determine if growth is expected in this sector. Based on these<br />

interviews and information, high and low scenarios were developed to reflect ranges of possible<br />

growth. If water use in this category is low and limited additional use is expected, both the high<br />

and low projections are the same.<br />

The mining category includes self-supplied enterprises that extract minerals occurring naturally<br />

in the earth’s crust, including solids (e.g., potash, coal, and smelting ores), liquids (e.g., crude<br />

<strong>Middle</strong> <strong>Rio</strong> <strong>Grande</strong> <strong>Regional</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> 2017 175

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