A Review of Criticality Accidents A Review of Criticality Accidents

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Printing coordination by Jerry Halladay and Guadalupe Archuleta, Group CIC-9 Photocomposition by Wendy Burditt, Group CIC-1 Cover Design by Kelly Parker, Group CIC-1 Cover Illustration: Power and energy traces representative of a typical criticality excursion in solution - from the SILENE experimental report, reference # 4. An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither The Regents of the University of California, the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by The Regents of the University of California, the United States Government, or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of The Regents of the University of California, the United States Government, or any agency thereof.Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcherÕs right to publish; as an institution, however, the Laboratory does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness.
A Review of Criticality Accidents 2000 Revision LA-13638 Issued: May 2000 United States Authors: Thomas P. McLaughlin Shean P. Monahan Norman L. Pruvost* Russian Federation Authors: Vladimir V. Frolov** Boris G. Ryazanov*** Victor I. Sviridov † *Senior Analyst. Galaxy Computer Services, Inc., Santa Fe, NM 87501. **Lead Researcher. Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Obninsk, Russia 249020. ***Head of the Nuclear Safety Division. Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Obninsk, Russia 249020. † Head of the Nuclear Safety Laboratory. Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Obninsk, Russia 249020. Los Alamos NATIONAL LABORATORY Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
Page 1: LA-13638 Approved for public releas
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE This document is the second
Page 7 and 8: Tom Jones was invaluable in generat
Page 9 and 10: C. OBSERVATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED
Page 11 and 12: FIGURES 1. Chronology of process cr
Page 13 and 14: 51. MSKS and assembly involved in t
Page 15 and 16: A REVIEW OF CRITICALITY ACCIDENTS A
Page 17 and 18: 3 Black Sea Baltic Sea Obninsk Norw
Page 19 and 20: North Atlantic Ocean Irish Sea Wind
Page 21 and 22: 1. Mayak Production Association, 15
Page 23 and 24: time of the accident. However, the
Page 25 and 26: determined by a radiation control p
Page 27 and 28: consequences of this accident, the
Page 29 and 30: Figure 10. Drum in which the 1958 Y
Page 31 and 32: The entire plutonium process area h
Page 35 and 36: During the next shift, radiation sa
Page 37 and 38: 9. Siberian Chemical Combine, 14 Ju
Page 39 and 40: The accident investigation determin
Page 41 and 42: 10. Hanford Works, 7 April 1962 18,
Page 43 and 44: heater and stirrer were turned off
Page 45 and 46: vessel 64-A was added. The dissolut
Page 47 and 48: additional reflection afforded by t
Page 49 and 50: 15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
Page 53 and 54:
ased on a radiation survey, that th
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0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 3.0 m 1.4 m
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The investigation identified severa
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19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
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20. Siberian Chemical Combine, 13 D
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To Glovebox 6 7 8 6 From Glovebox 6
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on a 0.4 m square pitch grid. The b
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competing reactivity effects proved
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Figure 35. The precipitation vessel
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B. PHYSICAL AND NEUTRONIC CHARACTER
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Material Fissile Mass: Fissile mass
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235 U Spherical Critical Mass (kg)
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Table 10. Accident Fission Energy R
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• Accidents in shielded facilitie
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• Senior management should be awa
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Table 11. Reactor and Critical Expe
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3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2
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5. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 3
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eflector of 236 kg when he noticed
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3. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
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At the equatorial plane, the two ha
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 48. The Los Alamos Scientifi
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Figure 50. Burst rod and several se
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On 11 March 1963, the facility chie
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13. Chelyabinsk-70, 5 April 1968 57
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14. Aberdeen Proving Ground, 6 Sept
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completed the construction of the l
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C. MODERATED METAL OR OXIDE SYSTEMS
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63,65,66, 67 4. Chalk River Laborat
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7. Centre dÉtudes Nucleaires de Sa
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a technician prescribing the loadin
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the room to drain the water out of
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In the final experiment, the critic
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Page 121 and 122:
III. POWER EXCURSIONS AND QUENCHING
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Figure 64. Energy model computation
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References 1. Stratton, W. R. A Rev
Page 127 and 128:
50. Paxton, H. C. “Godiva Wrecked
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92. Stone, R. S., H. P. Sleeper, Jr
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criticality accident: The release o
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prompt criticality: State of a fiss
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1. Mayak Production Association, 15
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Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
9. Siberian Chemical Combine (Tomsk
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13. Siberian Chemical Combine, 2 De
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15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
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Page 153 and 154:
19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
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21. Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrat
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