A Review of Criticality Accidents A Review of Criticality Accidents

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140 20. Siberian Chemical Combine (Tomsk), 13 December 1978 Plutonium metal ingots in a storage container; single excursion; one serious exposure, seven significant exposures. Vessel Volume Fissile Volume Fissile Mass Fissile Density 3.2 0.54 10.1 kg 18,700 g/ 44 mm 106 mm Estimated Spherical Critical Mass First Spike Yield Specific Spike Yield Total Yield 30 mm 88 mm 9.18 kg 0.03×10 17 5.6×10 15 0.03×10 17 222 mm
21. Novosibirsk Chemical Concentration Plant, 15 May 1997 Uranium oxide slurry and crust, U(70), in the lower regions <strong>of</strong> two parallel vessels; multiple excursions; insignificant exposures. Vessel Volume Fissile Volume Fissile Mass Fissile Density 800 mm 100 mm 140 mm 1000 mm 700.0 per vessel Estimated Spherical Critical Mass First Spike Yield Specific Spike Yield Total Yield * System description was not adequate to estimate parameter. * 17.1 kg * Vessel Length = 2000 mm 3500 mm * none none 0.055×10 17 141
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LA-13638 Approved for public releas
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A Review of Criticality Accidents 2
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PREFACE This document is the second
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Tom Jones was invaluable in generat
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C. OBSERVATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED
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FIGURES 1. Chronology of process cr
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51. MSKS and assembly involved in t
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A REVIEW OF CRITICALITY ACCIDENTS A
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3 Black Sea Baltic Sea Obninsk Norw
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North Atlantic Ocean Irish Sea Wind
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1. Mayak Production Association, 15
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time of the accident. However, the
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determined by a radiation control p
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consequences of this accident, the
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Figure 10. Drum in which the 1958 Y
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The entire plutonium process area h
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During the next shift, radiation sa
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9. Siberian Chemical Combine, 14 Ju
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The accident investigation determin
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10. Hanford Works, 7 April 1962 18,
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heater and stirrer were turned off
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vessel 64-A was added. The dissolut
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additional reflection afforded by t
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15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
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ased on a radiation survey, that th
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0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 3.0 m 1.4 m
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The investigation identified severa
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19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
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20. Siberian Chemical Combine, 13 D
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To Glovebox 6 7 8 6 From Glovebox 6
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on a 0.4 m square pitch grid. The b
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competing reactivity effects proved
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Figure 35. The precipitation vessel
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B. PHYSICAL AND NEUTRONIC CHARACTER
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Material Fissile Mass: Fissile mass
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235 U Spherical Critical Mass (kg)
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Table 10. Accident Fission Energy R
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• Accidents in shielded facilitie
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• Senior management should be awa
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Table 11. Reactor and Critical Expe
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3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2
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5. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 3
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eflector of 236 kg when he noticed
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3. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
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At the equatorial plane, the two ha
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Figure 48. The Los Alamos Scientifi
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Figure 50. Burst rod and several se
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On 11 March 1963, the facility chie
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13. Chelyabinsk-70, 5 April 1968 57
Page 103 and 104: 14. Aberdeen Proving Ground, 6 Sept
Page 105 and 106: completed the construction of the l
Page 107 and 108: C. MODERATED METAL OR OXIDE SYSTEMS
Page 109 and 110: 63,65,66, 67 4. Chalk River Laborat
Page 111 and 112: 7. Centre dÉtudes Nucleaires de Sa
Page 113 and 114: a technician prescribing the loadin
Page 115 and 116: the room to drain the water out of
Page 117 and 118: In the final experiment, the critic
Page 119 and 120: 3. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Page 121 and 122: III. POWER EXCURSIONS AND QUENCHING
Page 123 and 124: Figure 64. Energy model computation
Page 125 and 126: References 1. Stratton, W. R. A Rev
Page 127 and 128: 50. Paxton, H. C. “Godiva Wrecked
Page 129 and 130: 92. Stone, R. S., H. P. Sleeper, Jr
Page 131 and 132: criticality accident: The release o
Page 133 and 134: prompt criticality: State of a fiss
Page 135 and 136: 1. Mayak Production Association, 15
Page 139 and 140: 5. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Page 143 and 144: 9. Siberian Chemical Combine (Tomsk
Page 147 and 148: 13. Siberian Chemical Combine, 2 De
Page 149 and 150: 15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
Page 153: 19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
Page 157 and 158: This report has been reproduced dir
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