A Review of Criticality Accidents A Review of Criticality Accidents

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136 16. Mayak Production Association, 16 December 1965 Uranyl nitrate solution, U(90), in a dissolution vessel; multiple excursions; insignificant exposures. Vessel Volume Fissile Volume Fissile Mass Fissile Density 100.0 28.6 1.98 kg 69.2 g/ 225 mm Estimated Spherical Critical Mass First Spike Yield Specific Spike Yield Total Yield 255 mm 700 mm 1.65 kg none none ~5.5 ×10 17
17. Mayak Production Association, 10 December 1968 Plutonium solutions (aqueous and organic) in a 60 liter vessel; three excursions; one fatality, one serious exposure. Vessel Volume Fissile Volume Fissile Mass Fissile Density 62.1 28.8 1.50 kg 52.1 g/ 187 mm First Spike Yield Specific Spike Yield Total Yield 262 mm 57 mm Estimated Spherical Critical Mass 565 mm 1.36 kg 0.3×10 17 1.0×10 15 ~1.3×10 17 137
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LA-13638 Approved for public releas
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A Review of Criticality Accidents 2
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PREFACE This document is the second
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Tom Jones was invaluable in generat
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C. OBSERVATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED
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FIGURES 1. Chronology of process cr
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51. MSKS and assembly involved in t
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A REVIEW OF CRITICALITY ACCIDENTS A
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3 Black Sea Baltic Sea Obninsk Norw
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North Atlantic Ocean Irish Sea Wind
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1. Mayak Production Association, 15
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time of the accident. However, the
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determined by a radiation control p
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consequences of this accident, the
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Figure 10. Drum in which the 1958 Y
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The entire plutonium process area h
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During the next shift, radiation sa
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9. Siberian Chemical Combine, 14 Ju
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The accident investigation determin
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10. Hanford Works, 7 April 1962 18,
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heater and stirrer were turned off
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vessel 64-A was added. The dissolut
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additional reflection afforded by t
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15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
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ased on a radiation survey, that th
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0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 3.0 m 1.4 m
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The investigation identified severa
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19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
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20. Siberian Chemical Combine, 13 D
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To Glovebox 6 7 8 6 From Glovebox 6
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on a 0.4 m square pitch grid. The b
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competing reactivity effects proved
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Figure 35. The precipitation vessel
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B. PHYSICAL AND NEUTRONIC CHARACTER
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Material Fissile Mass: Fissile mass
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235 U Spherical Critical Mass (kg)
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Table 10. Accident Fission Energy R
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• Accidents in shielded facilitie
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• Senior management should be awa
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Table 11. Reactor and Critical Expe
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3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2
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5. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 3
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eflector of 236 kg when he noticed
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3. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
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At the equatorial plane, the two ha
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Figure 48. The Los Alamos Scientifi
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Figure 50. Burst rod and several se
Page 99 and 100: On 11 March 1963, the facility chie
Page 101 and 102: 13. Chelyabinsk-70, 5 April 1968 57
Page 103 and 104: 14. Aberdeen Proving Ground, 6 Sept
Page 105 and 106: completed the construction of the l
Page 107 and 108: C. MODERATED METAL OR OXIDE SYSTEMS
Page 109 and 110: 63,65,66, 67 4. Chalk River Laborat
Page 111 and 112: 7. Centre dÉtudes Nucleaires de Sa
Page 113 and 114: a technician prescribing the loadin
Page 115 and 116: the room to drain the water out of
Page 117 and 118: In the final experiment, the critic
Page 119 and 120: 3. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Page 121 and 122: III. POWER EXCURSIONS AND QUENCHING
Page 123 and 124: Figure 64. Energy model computation
Page 125 and 126: References 1. Stratton, W. R. A Rev
Page 127 and 128: 50. Paxton, H. C. “Godiva Wrecked
Page 129 and 130: 92. Stone, R. S., H. P. Sleeper, Jr
Page 131 and 132: criticality accident: The release o
Page 133 and 134: prompt criticality: State of a fiss
Page 135 and 136: 1. Mayak Production Association, 15
Page 139 and 140: 5. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Page 143 and 144: 9. Siberian Chemical Combine (Tomsk
Page 147 and 148: 13. Siberian Chemical Combine, 2 De
Page 149: 15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
Page 153 and 154: 19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
Page 155 and 156: 21. Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrat
Page 157 and 158: This report has been reproduced dir
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