A Review of Criticality Accidents A Review of Criticality Accidents

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120 APPENDIX B EQUIPMENT DIAGRAMS AND TABULAR PHYSICAL AND YIELD DATA FOR THE 22 PROCESS ACCIDENTS Part I contains a section immediately following the description of the 22 nd accident entitled, “Physical and Neutronic Characteristics for the Process Facility Criticality Accidents.” Therein are described the many unknowns, approximations, and uncertainties associated with the simplified re–constructions and data tabulations. The yield and specific yield values in the tables of this appendix are reported in units of fissions and fissions per liter, respectively. This same information is presented here in a new format to facilitate an understanding of the approximate geometry and yield data associated with each process accident. While this information would never qualify as benchmark data (computations could be performed, but the value of the answers would be highly questionable), it may prove useful to students and teachers at universities and to criticality staff as they provide (training) lectures to operating personnel.
1. Mayak Production Association, 15 March 1953 Plutonium nitrate solution in an interim storage vessel; single excursion; one serious exposure, one significant exposure. Vessel Volume Fissile Volume Fissile Mass Fissile Density 40.0 31.0 0.81 kg 26.1 g/ 200 mm Estimated Spherical Critical Mass First Spike Yield Specific Spike Yield Total Yield 247 mm 0.67 kg unknown unknown ~2.0×10 17 319 mm 121
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LA-13638 Approved for public releas
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A Review of Criticality Accidents 2
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PREFACE This document is the second
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Tom Jones was invaluable in generat
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C. OBSERVATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED
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FIGURES 1. Chronology of process cr
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51. MSKS and assembly involved in t
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A REVIEW OF CRITICALITY ACCIDENTS A
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3 Black Sea Baltic Sea Obninsk Norw
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North Atlantic Ocean Irish Sea Wind
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1. Mayak Production Association, 15
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time of the accident. However, the
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determined by a radiation control p
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consequences of this accident, the
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Figure 10. Drum in which the 1958 Y
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The entire plutonium process area h
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During the next shift, radiation sa
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9. Siberian Chemical Combine, 14 Ju
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The accident investigation determin
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10. Hanford Works, 7 April 1962 18,
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heater and stirrer were turned off
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vessel 64-A was added. The dissolut
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additional reflection afforded by t
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15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
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ased on a radiation survey, that th
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0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 3.0 m 1.4 m
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The investigation identified severa
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19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
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20. Siberian Chemical Combine, 13 D
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To Glovebox 6 7 8 6 From Glovebox 6
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on a 0.4 m square pitch grid. The b
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competing reactivity effects proved
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Figure 35. The precipitation vessel
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B. PHYSICAL AND NEUTRONIC CHARACTER
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Material Fissile Mass: Fissile mass
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235 U Spherical Critical Mass (kg)
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Table 10. Accident Fission Energy R
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• Accidents in shielded facilitie
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• Senior management should be awa
Page 83 and 84: Table 11. Reactor and Critical Expe
Page 85 and 86: 3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2
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Page 89 and 90: eflector of 236 kg when he noticed
Page 91 and 92: 3. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Page 93 and 94: At the equatorial plane, the two ha
Page 95 and 96: Figure 48. The Los Alamos Scientifi
Page 97 and 98: Figure 50. Burst rod and several se
Page 99 and 100: On 11 March 1963, the facility chie
Page 101 and 102: 13. Chelyabinsk-70, 5 April 1968 57
Page 103 and 104: 14. Aberdeen Proving Ground, 6 Sept
Page 105 and 106: completed the construction of the l
Page 107 and 108: C. MODERATED METAL OR OXIDE SYSTEMS
Page 109 and 110: 63,65,66, 67 4. Chalk River Laborat
Page 111 and 112: 7. Centre dÉtudes Nucleaires de Sa
Page 113 and 114: a technician prescribing the loadin
Page 115 and 116: the room to drain the water out of
Page 117 and 118: In the final experiment, the critic
Page 121 and 122: III. POWER EXCURSIONS AND QUENCHING
Page 123 and 124: Figure 64. Energy model computation
Page 125 and 126: References 1. Stratton, W. R. A Rev
Page 127 and 128: 50. Paxton, H. C. “Godiva Wrecked
Page 129 and 130: 92. Stone, R. S., H. P. Sleeper, Jr
Page 131 and 132: criticality accident: The release o
Page 133: prompt criticality: State of a fiss
Page 137 and 138: 3. Mayak Production Association, 2
Page 143 and 144: 9. Siberian Chemical Combine (Tomsk
Page 147 and 148: 13. Siberian Chemical Combine, 2 De
Page 149 and 150: 15. Electrostal Machine Building Pl
Page 153 and 154: 19. Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
Page 155 and 156: 21. Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrat
Page 157 and 158: This report has been reproduced dir
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A Review of Criticality Accidents A Review of Criticality Accidents

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